DOCSLIB.ORG

Personality Traits and Brain Dopaminergic Function in Parkinson's Disease

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Personality Traits and Brain Dopaminergic Function in Parkinson's Disease Personality traits and brain dopaminergic function in Parkinson’s disease Valtteri Kaasinen*†, Elina Nurmi‡,Jo¨ rgen Bergman‡, Olli Eskola‡, Olof Solin‡, Pirkko Sonninen§, and Juha O. Rinne*‡ Departments of *Neurology and §Radiology, University of Turku, and ‡Turku PET Centre, P.O. Box 52, FIN-20521, Turku, Finland Edited by Marcus E. Raichle, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, and approved September 10, 2001 (received for review June 20, 2001) A distinctive personality type, characterized by introversion, in- because of disease progression, severe motor disability and͞or flexibility, and low novelty seeking, has been suggested to be long-term dopaminergic medication, does not reflect well the associated with Parkinson’s disease. To test the hypothesis that premorbid personality or the personality at the early stages of the Parkinson’s disease is associated with a specific dopamine-related disease. personality type, the personality structures of 61 unmedicated Modern in vivo neuroimaging methods provide exceptional Parkinson’s disease patients and 45 healthy controls were exam- means to investigate human psychobiology. Recently, positron ined. Additionally, in 47 Parkinson’s disease patients, the dopami- emission tomography (PET) studies have been carried out to nergic function in the brain was directly measured with directly investigate central dopaminergic function in relation to 6-[18F]fluoro-L-dopa (18F-dopa) positron emission tomography personality. In healthy subjects, the PET results either support (PET) with MRI coregistration. The novelty-seeking personality (8) or do not support (9) a link between novelty seeking and score, supposedly associated with the parkinsonian personality, dopaminergic function, or else the results provide support for an was slightly lower in the Parkinson’s disease group compared with association of dopamine with other personality traits, such as controls, but it did not have a significant relationship with 18F-dopa harm avoidance (10), presumably associated with the serotoner- ؊0.12 to 0.11, P > gic system and depression, or a personality trait that involves؍ uptake in any of the brain regions studied (r 0.15). The harm-avoidance personality score, associated with anx- personal detachment (9, 11, 12). In patients with Parkinson’s iety and depression, was clearly increased in patients with Parkin- disease, Menza and colleagues (13) have reported an association son’s disease and it had a paradoxical, highly significant positive between novelty seeking and dopaminergic function, a finding correlation with the 18F-dopa uptake in the right caudate nucleus that is in line with the concept of a dopamine-dependent .Bonferroni corrected for 220 comparisons). parkinsonian personality ,0.04 ؍ P ,0.53 ؍ r) Although the results of this study are not in disagreement with the To date, all published PET studies focusing on dopamine and concept of low-novelty-seeking personality type in Parkinson’s personality have been relatively small (9–24 subjects per study), disease, the personality type does not seem to be dopamine and in the only study with Parkinson’s disease patients, the dependent. The correlation between the personality trait of harm sample was 9 medicated patients (13). If the PET results in avoidance and 18F-dopa may reflect a specific feedback circuitry of Parkinson’s disease could be replicated in an independent study neurotransmitters that is associated with negative emotionality in with a large number of unmedicated patients, it would provide Parkinson’s disease. strong support for the concept of a dopamine-dependent, low- novelty-seeking parkinsonian personality. On the other hand, if or nearly a century, it has been suggested that Parkinson’s there is no link between novelty seeking and dopamine in Fdisease could be associated with a specific personality type Parkinson’s disease, the entire hypothesis of the parkinsonian (1). The ‘‘parkinsonian personality’’ has been described as personality needs to be re-evaluated. In addition, although the ͞ compulsive, industrious, introverted, morally rigid, punctual, frontal lobe may be important in the regulation of introversion serious, stoic, and quiet (2, 3). There are studies that have extraversion-related personality (14), so far no attempts have indicated that Parkinson’s disease patients score lower than been made to study the frontal monoaminergic projections with controls on a personality trait called novelty seeking (2, 4), personality measurements in patients with Parkinson’s disease. which, according to Cloninger’s (5) theory, is the temperament In fact, there are no studies that have examined the personality trait primarily modulated by dopamine. The description of of unmedicated patients with Parkinson’s disease, with or with- low-novelty-seeking personality type is similar to the descrip- out functional brain imaging. tions of parkinsonian personality type in the literature (2). It has The present study consisted of two parts. The first part of the thus been hypothesized that when people approach novel stimuli, study aimed simply to compare the personality structure of the normal pleasurable rewarding increase in dopamine is not unmedicated patients with Parkinson’s disease to the personality possible in patients with Parkinson’s disease and the result is less of healthy controls. The second part of the study focused on the novelty seeking—the parkinsonian personality (2). brain dopaminergic function in Parkinson’s disease patients in Because the risk factors for Parkinson’s disease are unclear, relation to their personality. Accordingly, the present study had the possibility of a distinctive parkinsonian personality is in- two primary objectives: (i) to determine whether unmedicated triguing and of clinical importance. If there is indeed a premor- early Parkinson’s disease patients score lower on novelty seeking bid, dopamine-related, low-novelty-seeking personality type in than healthy subjects, as would be expected on the basis of the Parkinson’s disease, relatively simple personality screenings hypothesized parkinsonian personality, and (ii) to determine could be used to evaluate individual risk for the disease. How- whether there is a positive correlation between novelty seeking ever, in a such a long-term, complex, and controversial issue as the parkinsonian personality, together with the small number of controlled studies, a publication bias is a possibility. In recent This paper was submitted directly (Track II) to the PNAS office. Abbreviations: 18F-dopa, 6-[18F]fluoro-L-dopa; PET, positron emission tomography; UPDRS, years, negative results that do not support the concept of Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale; TCI, Temperament and Character Inventory; KSP, parkinsonian personality either premorbidly or after the onset of Karolinska Scales of Personality; BMI, body mass index. motor symptoms have also been reported (6, 7). Moreover, †To whom reprint requests should be addressed. E-mail: [email protected].fi. earlier studies on parkinsonian personality have been based on The publication costs of this article were defrayed in part by page charge payment. This data describing the personality in medicated patients. It is article must therefore be hereby marked “advertisement” in accordance with 18 U.S.C. possible that the personality in medicated Parkinson’s disease, §1734 solely to indicate this fact. 13272–13277 ͉ PNAS ͉ November 6, 2001 ͉ vol. 98 ͉ no. 23 www.pnas.org͞cgi͞doi͞10.1073͞pnas.231313198 Downloaded by guest on September 28, 2021 and brain dopaminergic function in unmedicated Parkinson’s Statistical Analyses. The statistical computations were performed disease patients in the striatum, or in the frontal lobe, measured with the SAS system for Windows, release 8.00 (SAS, Cary, NC). with 6-[18F]fluoro-L-dopa (18F-dopa) PET, as would be expected No T-score transformations for the personality scores were on the basis of the hypothesized parkinsonian personality and performed. Instead, because sex and age may affect the person- the earlier study by Menza and colleagues (13). ality trait scores (parts I and II) (16, 17), and sex and UPDRS score may affect the 18F-dopa uptake (part II) (21), unadjusted Subjects and Methods raw personality scores and 18F-dopa uptake values were used, Subjects. In part I of the present study, unmedicated Parkinson’s and the effects of sex, age, and UPDRS score were controlled for disease patients were compared with healthy controls by using in the statistical analysis. personality questionnaires. Sixty-one Caucasian patients with For part I, differences between Parkinson’s disease patients Parkinson’s disease (41 men, 20 women), with a motor symptom and controls on each personality scale were tested with one-way duration of less than 5 years, and 45 Caucasian healthy age- ANOVA with sex and age as covariates. The associations of matched controls (19 men, 26 women) participated in the study. personality scores and UPDRS were analyzed by applying linear All Parkinson’s disease patients had been diagnosed by an regression analyses and Pearson partial correlation coefficients experienced neurologist and at least two of the three cardinal with sex and age partialled out. Bonferroni corrections were used symptoms of Parkinson’s disease (rest tremor, rigidity, bradyki- to correct for 22 comparisons (7 TCI scales and 15 KSP scales) nesia) were present in all patients without atypical features. The between Parkinson’s disease patients and controls. Corrected P severity of Parkinson’s disease was assessed according to the values below 0.05 were considered statistically significant. For motor part of the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale novelty seeking, the personality scale with a priori hypothesis, the ϭ ϭ level of significance for a lower score in the Parkinson’s disease (UPDRS) (15) (mean score 31.9, SD 7.4, range 14–53). The Ͻ mean age of the Parkinson’s disease patients was 62.1 years group was set at P 0.05 uncorrected. 18 (SD ϭ 7.9, range 47–79), and the mean age of controls was 59.8 For part II, the associations of F-dopa uptake and person- years (SD ϭ 8.7, range 40–74).
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Novelty Seeking Paper.PDF
    Citation for published version: Goclowska, M, Ritter, S, Elliot, AJ & Baas, M 2019, 'Novelty seeking is linked to openness and extraversion, and can lead to greater creative performance', Journal of Personality, vol. 87, no. 2, pp. 252-266. https://doi.org/10.1111/jopy.12387 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12387 Publication date: 2019 Document Version Peer reviewed version Link to publication This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Gocowska MA, Ritter SM, Elliot AJ, Baas M. Novelty seeking is linked to openness and extraversion, and can lead to greater creative performance. Journal of Personality. 2018;00:1–15, which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1111/jopy.12387. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self- Archiving. University of Bath Alternative formats If you require this document in an alternative format, please contact: [email protected] General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 06. Oct. 2021 NOVELTY SEEKING AND CREATIVITY 1 Running head: NOVELTY SEEKING AND CREATIVITY Novelty seeking is linked to openness and extraversion, and can lead to greater creative performance Małgorzata A.
    [Show full text]
  • An Association Study of a Functional Polymorphism of the Serotonin
    Molecular Psychiatry (1998) 3, 449–451 1998 Stockton Press All rights reserved 1359–4184/98 $12.00 ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE cal power. Here we report data from a population sam- ple of 759 Caucasians which is larger than any study so far. The study includes measures of anxiety-related An association study of a personality traits (neuroticism, negative affect, behavioral inhibition), anxiety and depressive symp- functional polymorphism of toms, and a measure of alcohol misuse. The allele frequencies were 56.5% for the long allele the serotonin transporter and 43.5% for the short. The genotype frequencies gene with personality and were: long/long 33.5%, long/short 46.1%, and short/short 20.4%. psychiatric symptoms Table 1 shows the mean scores on the personality and psychiatric symptom measures. For most scales, AF Jorm1, AS Henderson1, PA Jacomb1, the numbers of subjects were slightly smaller than H Christensen1, AE Korten1, B Rodgers1, indicated in the table because of missing data. There X Tan2 and S Easteal2 were no significant differences at the P Ͻ 0.05 level on any measure when the data were analyzed by geno- 1NHMRC Psychiatric Epidemiology Research Centre, The type. Similarly, there were no significant differences Australian National University, Canberra 0200; 2John when short/short and long/short individuals were Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National combined into one group and contrasted with the University, Canberra 0200, Australia long/long group. There were also no significant differ- ences between genotypes in age, sex, education or occupational status, so it was not necessary to adjust Keywords: neuroticism; extraversion; psychoticism; anxiety; for these as covariates in the analysis.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 13. Measures of Sensation Seeking
    Provided for non-commercial research and educational use only. Not for reproduction, distribution or commercial use. This chapter was originally published in the book Measures of Personality and Social Psychological Constructs, published by Elsevier, and the attached copy is provided by Elsevier for the author’s benefit and for the benefit of the author’s institution, for non-commercial research and educational use including without limitation use in instruction at your institution, sending it to specific colleagues who know you, and providing a copy to your institution’s administrator. All other uses, reproduction and distribution, including without limitation commercial reprints, selling or licensing copies or access, or posting on open internet sites, your personal or institution’s website or repository, are prohibited. For exceptions, permission may be sought for such use through Elsevier’s permissions site at: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/permissionusematerial From Marvin Zuckerman and Anton Aluja, Measures of Sensation Seeking. In: Gregory J. Boyle, Donald H. Saklofske and Gerald Matthews, editors, Measures of Personality and Social Psychological Constructs. Oxford: Academic Press, 2014, pp. 352-380. ISBN: 978-0-12-386915-9 Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. Academic Press. Author’s personal copy CHAPTER 13 Measures of Sensation Seeking Marvin Zuckerman1 and Anton Aluja2 1University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA 2University of Lleida, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain The sensation seeking construct is defined as: ‘A trait defined by the seeking of varied, novel, complex, and intense sensations and experiences, and the willingness to take physical, social, legal, and financial risks for the sake of such experience’ (Zuckerman, 1994, p. 27).
    [Show full text]
  • Personality Associations with Mood, Hoarding, Health and Well-Being Janet Katherine Spittlehouse
    Personality Associations with Mood, Hoarding, Health and Well-being Janet Katherine Spittlehouse A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Psychological Medicine University of Otago, Christchurch New Zealand 31 August 2016 Abstract Background: Personality has been of interest since ancient times. Hippocrates, also known as ‘The father of Western Medicine’ was possibly the first to document the association between personality and mental and physical health by describing the ancient medical theory of Humourism. Over the last 100 years the study of personality has been evolving and there are many different perspectives. Trait perspectives have become popular but they lack any underlying theory about how personality develops. Psychobiological models offer descriptions of personality and provide testable theories on how biology influences their development. A robust psychobiological model is Cloninger’s psychobiological theory and it provided the basis for this project. Objectives: This project explored the associations of personality in different mental health settings using the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI; Cloninger, Przybeck, Svrakic, & Wetzel, 1994), the personality inventory developed by Cloninger and colleagues, that is suitable for measuring both normal and abnormal personality. The TCI was used to examine the impact of depression on personality measurement and personality associations to self-reported physical and mental health, mood disorders, hoarding behaviours and well-being. Methods: Participants for this project were from three studies. Two randomised clinical trials designed to examine predictors of treatment response for depressed outpatients using either antidepressant medication (N=195) or psychotherapy (N=177) were used to examine the impact of depression on measures of personality.
    [Show full text]
  • Association Between the Dopamine D4 Receptor (DRD4)
    Molecular Psychiatry (1999) 4, 378–384 1999 Stockton Press All rights reserved 1359–4184/99 $15.00 and the 4,4 vs 4,7 genotype, respectively, were chosen ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE as independent variables in the one-way analyses of variance. We could observe the reported association between Association between the DRD4 exon III allele length and Novelty Seeking dopamine D4 receptor (Tables 1 and 2). The presence of the 7 repeat was asso- ciated with significantly elevated Novelty Seeking total = = (DRD4) exon III scores (F1,134 11.54, P 0.001). The effect had a size of 0.6 standard deviation units and accounted for 8% polymorphism and of the variance. Among Novelty Seeking subscales, the presence of the 7 repeat was associated with elevated = measures of Novelty scores on NS1 (Exploratory Excitability; F1,134 4.97, = = = P 0.027), NS2 (Impulsiveness; F1,134 4.60, P 0.034), = = Seeking in a German and NS3 (Extravagance; F1,134 19.06, P 0.00003). Similar, and even stronger, associations could be population observed when comparing subjects with the 4,4 vs 4,7 A Strobel1, A Wehr1, A Michel2 and B Brocke1 genotype (Table 2). However, only the associations between the 7 repeat and NS total and NS3, and 1Institute of Clinical, Diagnostic and Personality between the 4,7 genotype and NS, NS1, and NS3 Psychology, Technical University Dresden, remained significant after correction for multiple test- Mommsenstrasse 13, 01062 Dresden; 2Institute of ing (␣ = 0.0016; see Methods and Materials). Zoology, Technical University Dresden, Mommsenstrasse As effects of demographic variables can confound 13, 01062 Dresden, Germany the results of association studies, we carried out analy- ses of variance with age and sex as covariates (Tables 1 and 2).
    [Show full text]
  • Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire (MPQ)
    M Multidimensional Personality pertaining to affective sensitivity and motivation, Questionnaire (MPQ) interpersonal style, behavioral restraint and con- formity, tolerance versus avoidance of risk, and Christopher J. Patrick1 and Mark D. Kramer2 capacity for imaginative engagement. Its 1Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA 11 lower-order (“primary”) trait scales map onto 2University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA three higher-order factors that correspond to tem- perament dimensions. Its content and measure- ment properties have made the MPQ Definition advantageous (relative to other well-known per- sonality inventories) for clarifying how psycho- The Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire logical attributes with presumed bases in (MPQ) is a self-report inventory that assesses temperament relate to adaptive and maladaptive personality in terms of 11 lower-order (“primary”) behavior. We first describe the development of the trait scales, which load onto three higher-order MPQ, the basic traits and broad factors it assesses, factors reflecting temperament dimensions. The and alternative brief-screening and simplified- full-length version of the inventory is 276 items; wording forms. We then discuss its associations shorter standard-wording and simplified-wording with other personality inventories and ways it has forms (155 items and 157 items, respectively) are been used to advance understanding of clinical- also available. Each item of the MPQ is answered psychological disorders. (We thank Professor either “true” or “false.” The inventory also con- Auke Tellegen, the author of the MPQ, for his tains validity scales that assess for random valuable input on a draft version of this article.) responding, acquiescence versus “nay-saying,” and social desirability. The MPQ has proven par- ticularly useful for clarifying how temperament- Development and Description of Scales/ related psychological dispositions relate to nor- Factors mative and maladaptive behavior.
    [Show full text]
  • Personality As an Intermediate Phenotype for Genetic Dissection of Alcohol Use Disorder
    J Neural Transm (2018) 125:107–130 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00702-016-1672-9 PSYCHIATRY AND PRECLINICAL PSYCHIATRIC STUDIES - REVIEW ARTICLE Personality as an intermediate phenotype for genetic dissection of alcohol use disorder 1 1 1 2 Lars Oreland • Gianvito Lagravinese • Simone Toffoletto • Kent W. Nilsson • 3,4 5 1 Jaanus Harro • C. Robert Cloninger • Erika Comasco Received: 2 November 2016 / Accepted: 23 December 2016 / Published online: 4 January 2017 Ó The Author(s) 2017. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com Abstract Genetic and environmental interactive influences candidate monoaminergic genes (e.g., tryptophan hydrox- on predisposition to develop alcohol use disorder (AUD) ylase, serotonin receptors, monoamine oxidases, dopamine account for the high heterogeneity among AUD patients receptors and transporter) are sparse. Only one genome- and make research on the risk and resiliency factors com- wide association study has been performed so far and plicated. Several attempts have been made to identify the identified the ABLIM1 gene of relevance for novelty genetic basis of AUD; however, only few genetic poly- seeking, harm avoidance and reward dependence in alco- morphisms have consistently been associated with AUD. hol-dependent patients. Studies investigating genetic fac- Intermediate phenotypes are expected to be in-between tors together with personality could help to define more proxies of basic neuronal biological processes and noso- homogenous subgroups of AUD patients and facilitate logical symptoms of AUD. Personality is likely to be a top treatment strategies. This review also urges the scientific candidate intermediate phenotype for the dissection of the community to combine genetic data with psychobiological genetic underpinnings of different subtypes of AUD.
    [Show full text]
  • Personality Traits As Risk Factors of Depression and Anxiety Among Japanese Students ᮢ
    Personality Traits as Risk Factors of Depression and Anxiety Among Japanese Students ᮢ Tomomi Matsudaira and Toshinori Kitamura Kumamoto University The aim of this study is to examine the effects of personality (tempera- ment and character) on specific depression and specific anxiety. A total of 541 Japanese undergraduates were investigated by using the Tempera- ment and Character Inventory (TCI) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depres- sion (HAD) scale. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses demonstrated that specific depression was predicted by lower Reward-Dependence, Per- sistence, Self-Directedness, Cooperativeness, and Self-Transcendence; spe- cific anxiety was predicted by higher Novelty-Seeking, Harm-Avoidance, Persistence, and Self-Transcendence, and lower Self-Directedness. Imma- turity of Self-Directedness is a risk factor for negative affectivity. Imma- turity of all character dimensions is a risk factor for specific depression. The relationship between Harm-Avoidance and depression in previous studies may be linked partly to somatic symptoms that were deliberately eliminated in the HAD scale. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psy- chol 62: 97–109, 2006. Keywords: personality; temperament; character; depression; anxiety The relationship between personality traits and depressed or anxious moods has been studied in several models (Beck, Epstein, & Harrison, 1983; Clark, Watson, & Mineka, 1994; Cloninger, 1986; Eysenck, 1957, 1967; Gray, 1981; Larsen & Ketelaar, 1991; Tel- legen, 1985). Among many personality traits, neuroticism was strongly related to Major Depression in terms of lifetime prevalence and severity (Duggan, Lee, & Murray, 1990; Scott, Eccleston, & Boys, 1992). However, individuals who had higher neuroticism and lower extroversion exhibited higher anxiety (Gershuny & Sher, 1992). The severity of Generalized Anxiety Disorder was positively associated with the traits of anxiety and neuroticism and was negatively associated with extroversion (Gomez & Francis, 2003).
    [Show full text]
  • Genetics of Personality
    Molecular Psychiatry (2003) 8, 840–852 & 2003 Nature Publishing Group All rights reserved 1359-4184/03 $25.00 www.nature.com/mp FEATURE ARTICLE Genetics of personality: are we making progress? S Van Gestel1 and C Van Broeckhoven1 1Department of Molecular Genetics, Flanders Interuniversity Institute for Biotechnology (VIB8), University of Antwerp (UIA), Antwerpen, Belgium For centuries, scientists are intrigued by the differences in personality between individuals. As early as in the ancient Greek civilization, people tried to formulate theories to systematize this diversity. With the increased interest in behavior genetics, personality was also considered a challenging phenotype. From the early start, studies suggested a heritable component in personality. After the successes of molecular genetic studies in unraveling the genetic basis of (mostly) monogenic diseases, the focus shifted towards complex traits, including psychiatric disorders. It was observed in several studies that personality measures differed between patients with psychiatric disorders and healthy controls. Therefore, normal personality was considered a viable endophenotype in the search for genes involved in psychiatric disorders such as affective disorders, ADHD and substance dependence. Genes that were to be found in studies on personality could be candidate genes for particular psychiatric disorders. In the course of time, however the study of genes for personality turned out to be at least as hard as the search for genes involved in other complex disorders. In this review, past studies, present problems and future directions concerning the study of personality genetics are discussed. Molecular Psychiatry (2003) 8, 840–852. doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4001367 Keywords: personality; temperament; character; genetics; candidate genes; polymorphisms; susceptibility Different people have different personalities.
    [Show full text]
  • Explanatory Models for Personality 9781412946513-Ch01 12/14/07 3:52 PM Page 32 9781412946513-Ch01 12/14/07 3:52 PM Page 33
    9781412946513-Ch01 12/14/07 3:52 PM Page 31 PART I Explanatory Models For Personality 9781412946513-Ch01 12/14/07 3:52 PM Page 32 9781412946513-Ch01 12/14/07 3:52 PM Page 33 1 Psychophysiological and Biochemical Correlates of Personality Robert M. Stelmack and Thomas H. Rammsayer The degree of activation, as shown by the writer in personality literature, Duffy (1962: 273) various publications (Duffy, 1962), appears to affect both sensory sensitivity and motor response, and is concluded that ‘Any survey of physiological involved in those consistencies of behavior that we studies of personality must recognize the sur- call personality characteristics. (Duffy, 1966: 281) prising fact that relatively few investigators have reported relationships of any magnitude between physiological measures and measures of behavior within the normal INTRODUCTION population.’ Since that time, however, there was considerable progress in delineating reli- Considering that these quoted words were able relations between personality traits and written by Elizabeth Duffy 40 years ago, the physiological processes. This progress was view expressed was prescient indeed. There abetted by the development of rigorous per- is considerable evidence today, from psy- sonality typologies; by compelling, large- chophysical, psychophysiological and bio- scale projects determining the heritability of chemical procedures (formerly considered personality traits; by refinement and develop- measures of activation), establishing that the ment of physiological measurement proce- personality dimension of extraversion (E) is dures; and by exploiting new paradigms for characterized by individual differences in probing psychological processes such as sensitivity to simple physical stimulation and sensation, attention, learning and memory in the expression of motor responses.
    [Show full text]
  • Sensation Seeking and Impulsive Traits As Personality Endophenotypes for Antisocial Behavior: Evidence from Two Independent Samples
    Personality and Individual Differences 105 (2017) 30–39 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Personality and Individual Differences journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/paid Sensation seeking and impulsive traits as personality endophenotypes for antisocial behavior: Evidence from two independent samples Frank D. Mann a,⁎, Laura Engelhardt a, Daniel A. Briley b, Andrew D. Grotzinger a, Megan W. Patterson a, Jennifer L. Tackett c, Dixie B. Strathan d, Andrew Heath e, Michael Lynskey f,WendySlutskeg, Nicholas G. Martin h, Elliot M. Tucker-Drob a,i, K. Paige Harden a,i a Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States b Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States c Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States d Faculty of Arts and Business, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Queensland, Australia e Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MI, United States f Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK g Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States h Genetic Epidemiology, Molecular Epidemiology and Neurogenetics Laboratories, Queensland Institute of Medial Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia i Population Research Center, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States article info abstract Article history: Sensation seeking and impulsivity are personality traits that are correlated with risk for antisocial behavior (ASB). Received 24 July 2016 This paper uses two independent samples of twins to (a) test the extent to which sensation seeking and impulsivity Received in revised form 8 September 2016 statistically mediate genetic influence on ASB, and (b) compare this to genetic influences accounted for by other per- Accepted 10 September 2016 sonality traits.
    [Show full text]
  • (5-HTTLPR) and Trait Anxiety
    Molecular Psychiatry (2004) 9, 197–202 & 2004 Nature Publishing Group All rights reserved 1359-4184/04 $25.00 www.nature.com/mp ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE A meta-analysis of the association between the serotonin transporter gene polymorphism (5-HTTLPR) and trait anxiety JA Schinka1,2, RM Busch1,3 and N Robichaux-Keene1,4 1Veteran’s Administration Medical Center, Tampa, FL, USA; 2Department of Psychiatry, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA; 3Department of Psychology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA; 4Department of Psychology, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA Studies of the association between polymorphisms of the serotonin transporter gene (5-HTT) and trait anxiety have produced inconsistent results, raising questions about the strength of the relationship and the methodological conditions under which the relationship holds. We conducted a meta-analysis of existing studies to provide formal statistical measures of the strength of the linked polymorphic region of the serotonin transporter gene (5-HTTLPR)– anxiety relationship. For the entire collection of 26 studies, results provided no support for a relationship between anxiety and the presence of the short form of the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism. There was strong evidence of the presence of moderating variables, however, and subsequent analysis revealed that choice of the measure of trait anxiety was significant. Studies using the Neuroticism scale of Costa and McCrae were found to produce a small positive effect (d¼0.23). Other potential moderators (country of study origin, type of subject) did not have a meaningful impact on d statistics. These findings indicate that 5-HTTLPR may in fact have a small but reliable influence on personality, particularly in the manifestation of trait anxiety when measured with a neuroticism scale based on the five-factor model of personality.
    [Show full text]