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LSNY Transactions V. 2, 1884

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LSNY Transactions V. 2, 1884 TRANSACTIONS OF THE ;@i1u11:wn1 fiuricig nfi Nun ark. VOLUME TWO. 2 FRONTISPIECE—PLATE OF BENDIRE'S SHREW. THE VERTEBRATES OF THE ADIRONDACK REGION, NORTHEASTERN NEW YORK. (Mammalia, concluded.) BY CLINTON HART MERRIAM, M. D. DESCRIPTION OF A NEW GENUS AND SPECIES OF THE SORECID/E. (Atop/Yyrax Bundirii, with aplate.) BY CLINTON HART MERRIAM, M. D. <0‘ Pu/I/is/led 6y t/ze Society, August, 1884. N EW Y O R K : PRESS OF L. s. FOSTER, 35 PINE STREET. MDCCCLXXXIV. V GS L 1 mu._ Generated for member (Columbia University) on 2015-12-16 05:26 GMT / http://hdl.handle.net/2027/inu.30000112174325 Public Domain in the United States, Google-digitized / http://www.hathitrust.org/access_use#pd-us-google Generated for member (Columbia University) on 2015-12-16 05:26 GMT / http://hdl.handle.net/2027/inu.30000112174325 Public Domain in the United States, Google-digitized / http://www.hathitrust.org/access_use#pd-us-google .5......2 ...€ . m.wm_Q2mm .>>umIw xm.;£20~< Efifitwm .=§.r5S éwwv 3 Fam ..>o: .1: ......n.:.Z4 .2.‘ .9 > 406421 Q\_\ .\.Q? \/,% Copies of this volume can be obtained of the Corresponding Secretary ‘ of the Society. Price, Paper cover, . $2 00 “ Cloth binding, 300 Purchasers in Great Britain aind on the Continent of Europe may be sup plied through W. WESLEY, 28 Essex Street, Strand, London. Generated for member (Columbia University) on 2015-12-16 05:26 GMT / http://hdl.handle.net/2027/inu.30000112174325 Public Domain in the United States, Google-digitized / http://www.hathitrust.org/access_use#pd-us-google to'\lo~‘-N-f OFFICERS OF THE SOCIETY. I884--85. Presiden! . EUGENE P. BICKNELL. z'¢:e-PresidentV . A. K. FISHER, M. D. Recordz'rzg Secretary . L. S. FOSTER. Correspondz'ng Secretary and Trmsurer . NEWBOLD T. LAWRENCE, St., 4 Pine New York City. Commz'tle’e on Pu/1lz'mtz'on . EUGENE P. BICKNELL, C. HART MERRIAM, M. D., NEWBOLD T. LAWRENCE. Generated for member (Columbia University) on 2015-12-16 05:26 GMT / http://hdl.handle.net/2027/inu.30000112174325 Public Domain in the United States, Google-digitized / http://www.hathitrust.org/access_use#pd-us-google THE VERTEBRATES OF THE ADIRONDACK Ramon, NORTHEASTERN NEW YORK. BY CLINTON HART MERRIAM, M. D. [SECOND INSTALMENT, CONCLUDING THE MAMMALI/\.i Generated for member (Columbia University) on 2015-12-16 05:26 GMT / http://hdl.handle.net/2027/inu.30000112174325 Public Domain in the United States, Google-digitized / http://www.hathitrust.org/access_use#pd-us-google Most of the Biographies comprised in this Volume were read before the Linn:nan Society of New York at different times during the winter of 1883-84. Generated for member (Columbia University) on 2015-12-16 05:26 GMT / http://hdl.handle.net/2027/inu.30000112174325 Public Domain in the United States, Google-digitized / http://www.hathitrust.org/access_use#pd-us-google CONTENTS. CHAPTER H. MAMMALIA. (CO!\'CLUDED.) Virginia Deer (Cariacu: Virginianus). 9-40 Moose (A/ce Amerimnu:) 40-45 Elk (Cerwu: Cariadm:is) . 45-47 Fossil Horse (Equu: majar) . 47 Fossil Elephant (El:-p/a: A merimnm:) 47 Star-nosed Mole (Condylura cn':lala) . 48-55 Shrew Mole (Smlop: aquafizu:) . 55-62 Brewer's Mole (Smpanu: Americanu:) 63-65 Short-tailed Shrew (Blarina brn/imuda) . 6f>—7s Cooper's Shrew (Sorzx Cooper-z') . 75-77 Broad-nosed Shrew (Sara platyrl1'nu:) 77 Hoary Bat (Alalap/a cinerea) 78-83 Red Bat (Atalap/1a Nawboracmsi:) . 83-86 Dusky Bat (Vnjberuga :ernlinu: fu:cu:) 86-89 Silver-haired Bat ( Vnperugo nacfivagans) 99-96 Little Brown Bat (Vesperlilia :ubu/aru:) 96-99 Flying Squirrel (Sciuroplzru: wlucella) . 99-108 Northern Flying Squirrel (Sciuropleru: 1wluce1la Hudsoniu:) 108-110 Red Squirrel (Sciuru: Hud:onius) . 111-120 Gray Squirrel (Sciuru: Carolinm.n's /eucolis) 121-134 Fox Squirrel (Sciuru: nzkzr cinereus) 134—135 Chipmunk ( Tamia: :lrialus) 135-141 Woodchuck (A rclomy: monax) . 142-154 American Beaver (Ca:lorfiber Canaden:is) 155-160 Rat (Mu: decumanu:) 161-162 House Mouse (Mu: mu:aulu:) 162-165 Field Mouse (He:pernmys leucopu:) ... 165-173 Red-backed Mouse (15volamy: rutilu: Ga/>/inn‘) 173-174 Meadow Mouse (Ar-1/icola nfizriu:) . 174-177 Muskrat (Ffber zz'belfiz'cu:) .. 177—1(_)1 Jumping Mouse (Zapu: //ua':oniu:) 192-202 Porcupine (E rel/zizan dor:alu:) . 202-207 Great Northern Hare (Lepu: A merimnu:) .. 207-211 Southern Varying Hare (L¢pu: Americana: Virgim'auu:) 211-213 Gray Rabbit (Lepu: :ylvaticu:) 213-214 Generated for member (Columbia University) on 2015-12-16 05:26 GMT / http://hdl.handle.net/2027/inu.30000112174325 Public Domain in the United States, Google-digitized / http://www.hathitrust.org/access_use#pd-us-google CONTENTS (Of succeedz'ng parts). CHAPTERIH. AVES CHAPTERIV. REPTILIA. CHAPTER V. BATRACHIA. CHAPTERVL PISCES. Generated for member (Columbia University) on 2015-12-16 05:26 GMT / http://hdl.handle.net/2027/inu.30000112174325 Public Domain in the United States, Google-digitized / http://www.hathitrust.org/access_use#pd-us-google CARIACUS VIRGINIANUS. 9 CHAPTER ll.—CONCLUDED. CONTINUATION 01-" MAMMALIA. FROM VOL. I. P. we CARIACUS VIRGINIANUS (B°<1­ Cammon Deer ; Vz'rg¢'nz'a Deer ; Red Deer ,' W/zz'te-tailed Deer. DEER are at present so abundant in most parts of the Adirondacks that they outnumber all the other large mammals together, and this in spite of the fact that during the present century alone hundreds of them have perished of cold and starvation. hundreds have been killed by wolves and panthers, and thousands by their natural enemy, man. And there is every reason to believe that if proper game laws are enforced, their numbers will not materially decrease. This beautiful and graceful animal, by far the fleetest of our mam malia, roams over all parts of the Wilderness, being found high upon the mountain sides, as well as in the lowest valleys and river bot toms. It frequents alike the densest and most impenetrable thickets, and the open beaver meadows and frontier clearings. During the summer season,- which is here meant to apply to the entire period of bare ground, loosely reckoning, from the first of May to the first of N ovember, its food consists of a great variety of herbs, grasses, marsh and aquatic plants, the leaves of many deciduous trees and shrubs, blueberries, blackberries, other fruits that grow within its reach; and. largely, of the nutritious beech-nut. While snow covers the ground, which it commonly does about half the year, the fare is necessarily restricted; and it is forced to subsist chiefly upon the twigs and buds of low de_ciduous trees and shrubs, the twigs and foliage of the arbor vitae hemlock. and balsam, and a few mosses and lichens. In winters succeeding a good yield of nuts the mast constitutes its staple article of diet, and is obtained by following the beech ridges and pawing up the snow beneath the trees. 2 Generated for member (Columbia University) on 2015-12-16 05:26 GMT / http://hdl.handle.net/2027/inu.30000112174325 Public Domain in the United States, Google-digitized / http://www.hathitrust.org/access_use#pd-us-google IO I\-lAM.\'lALlA. When the first warm winds of approaching spring uncover here and there in the beaver meadows small spots and narrow strips of ground between the snowdrifts, the new marsh grass is found al ready sprouted. and its tender blades afford the Deer a tempting change from the dry twigs and tough lichens that constitute its win ter fare.‘= From this time until the latter part of September much of their sustenance is procured in the immediate vicinage of water‘ After the snow has left the forests and the new vegetation has fairly start ed. they gradually work back into the woods, but return again in early june to feed upon marsh plants and grasses. and wade or even swim to procure the lily-pads and other aquatic plants that thrive in the shallow water near by. During june. july, and August hun dreds of Deer visit the water-courses of this Wilderness every night, and retire at break of day to the deep recesses of the forest. It has been stated that they do this to rid themselves of black flies and mosquitoes, but a little reflection will suffice to show the absurd ity of this assertion. For nowhere in the entire Wilderness are these insect pests so abundant and annoying as on the marshes and in the immediate neighborhood of lakes and streams. And since-it is rare to find a Deer above his thighs in water, the fallacy of this supposi tion is apparent. The fact is. that, for the sake of obtaining the plants that grow in such situations. they submit to the annoyance of swarms of insects most of which they would escape did they remain amid the mountain fastnesses. It is true, however, that Deer, par ticularly at the South, do sometimes enter water when not in search of food, and sink to such a depth that little save the nostrils and eyes remain in sight; but whether this is done for the riddance of insects, * l was particularly struck with this fact on the 29th April, 1882, while crossing from Big Moose Lake to Lake Terror, in company with Dr. F. H. Hoadley. Herc. along the banks of a sluggish stream which was still bordered with ice eight to ten inches in thickness, we observed fresh green grass already over an inch and a half high in small bare spots between snowdrifts two and three feet in depth. The same day we saw a Deer standing on a mass of ice and snow on the shore of Lake Terror, doubtless in search of food.
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