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Composição De Gafanhotos (Orthoptera, Acridoidea) Em Áreas De Cerrados E Lavouras Na Chapada Dos Parecis, Estado De Mato Grosso, Brasil

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Composição De Gafanhotos (Orthoptera, Acridoidea) Em Áreas De Cerrados E Lavouras Na Chapada Dos Parecis, Estado De Mato Grosso, Brasil UNIVERSIDADE DE BRASÍLIA INSTITUTO DE CIÊNCIAS BIOLÓGICAS DEPARTAMENTO DE ZOOLOGIA PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM BIOLOGIA ANIMAL Composição de gafanhotos (Orthoptera, Acridoidea) em áreas de cerrados e lavouras na Chapada dos Parecis, Estado de Mato Grosso, Brasil Wanderlei Dias Guerra BRASÍLIA 2011 UNIVERSIDADE DE BRASÍLIA INSTITUTO DE CIÊNCIAS BIOLÓGICAS DEPARTAMENTO DE ZOOLOGIA PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM BIOLOGIA ANIMAL Composição de gafanhotos (Orthoptera, Acridoidea) em áreas de cerrados e lavouras na Chapada dos Parecis, Estado de Mato Grosso, Brasil. Wanderlei Dias Guerra Tese apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal da Universidade de Brasília, como requisito parcial à obtenção do título de Doutor em Biologia Animal. Orientador: Prof. Dr. José Roberto Pujol Luz Co-orientador: Prof. Dr. Reginaldo Constantino BRASÍLIA 2011 ii WANDERLEI DIAS GUERRA Composição de gafanhotos (Orthoptera, Acridoidea) em áreas de cerrados e lavouras na Chapada dos Parecis, Estado de Mato Grosso, Brasil Tese aprovada junto ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal da Universidade de Brasília, como requisito parcial para a obtenção do título de Doutor em Biologia Animal. BANCA EXAMINADORA __________________________________ Prof. Dr. José Roberto Pujol Luz Presidente – Universidade de Brasília _____________________________ ______________________________________ Prof. Dr. Edison Ryoiti Sujii Prof. Dr. Raul Laumann Membro externo – Embrapa Recursos Membro externo – Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia Genéticos e Biotecnologia _____________________________ _____________________________________ Profa. Dra. Ivone Rezende Diniz Profa. Dra. Marina Frizzas Membro Interno – Universidade de Brasília Membro Interno – Universidade de Brasília Brasília, 2011 iii DEDICATÓRIA Dedico este trabalho a Deus, Grande Arquiteto do Universo, pela vida. Aos meus Pais Conceição Guerra Dias e Clemente Dias Cuevas por terem levado este desafio do Criador adiante. E por todo o restante de minha família e amigos que me ajudam a cumprir esta grande empreitada que é viver, vivendo comigo. iv APOIO INSTITUCIONAL Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento – MAPA - Superintendência Federal de Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento em Mato Grosso – SFA/MT Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso Programa de Pós- Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação da Biodiversidade Universidade de Brasília Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal v AGRADECIMENTOS Aos meus orientadores, professor doutor José Roberto Pujol Luz e professor doutor Reginaldo Constantino pela credibilidade a mim dispensada, pelo incentivo, pelas sugestões e conhecimentos repassados e, sobretudo pela confiança, me permitido seguir adiante, meu muito obrigado.Agradecimento especial ao professor Dr. Guarino Rinaldi Colli pelas importantes dicas sobre a melhor forma de apresentação dos resultados, quando do curso de campo em Nova Xavantina, MT. Ao Dr. Derly Dossa da Assessoria de Gestão Estratégica do Ministério da Agricultura pelo apoio no período que antecedeu a autorização oficial para que eu desenvolvesse este Projeto. A todos os diretores que passaram pelo Departamento de Defesa Vegetal do Ministério da Agricultura durante este tempo, em especial ao Dr. José Geraldo Baldini Ribeiro pelo apoio institucional necessário à época de minha liberação. Ao Médico Veterinário Paulo Antônio da Costa Bilego, ex Superintendente Federal de Agricultura em Mato Grosso, este que me tomou pelas mãos numa atitude proativa de incentivo e apoio incondicional em tudo o que precisei, meus fraternos agradecimentos. Ao Médico Veterinário Francisco Moraes Chico Costa, Superintendente Federal de Agricultura em Mato Grosso, pela continuidade do apoio institucional e pessoal na sequencia do Projeto. Ao Dr. Ênio José de Arruda Martins e Plínio Leite Lopes do Serviço de Defesa Sanitária Agropecuária, pela paciência e apoio durante todo este tempo. Agradeço também aos colegas de trabalho da Superintendência Federal de Agricultura em Mato Grosso pelo apoio, em especial à Josenice Auxiliadora Tavares Siqueira pelo suporte administrativo. À Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, personificada nos Professores Lúcia Aparecida de Fátima Mateus e Jerry Penha do Departamento de Ecologia, pela oportunidade para que eu ampliasse meus conhecimentos, os quais foram fundamentais para a consecução deste trabalho. À Agropecuária Maggi Ltda (Fz. Itamarati), na pessoa do Eng. Agr. Sílvio Sarlon e Valderez Cabral da Silva (Val) e à USIMAT, Usinas de Açúcar e Álcool e Biodiesel, que proporcionaram a necessária infra-estrutura a mim e a todos os estudantes e estagiários que me acompanhavam, sempre que precisei durante as excursões a campo. Aos inúmeros produtores rurais, gerentes e funcionários de fazendas da vasta região da Chapada dos Parecis pela permissão de acesso às suas propriedades para a realização deste trabalho. Aos amigos que colaboraram durante todo este tempo, em especial à Patrícia Carla de Oliveira, João Alves de Lima Filho e Samuel Elias da Silva, ajudando não só na vi captura dos insetos e nas análises, na elaboração de mapas de situação, mas também no ensino de ecologia básica e aplicada a um agrônomo meio sem rumo nestes meios. Aos estudantes Andréia Cristina Tavares de Mello (UFMT), Everton Luis da Silva Costa (UNEMAT), Silvana da Silva Amaral (UNIVAG) e Janice Nagel Rodrigues (UFMT) pela fundamental ajuda nos trabalhos de campo. Ao Dr. Michel Lecoq (CIRAD) pelas sugestões na consecução deste trabalho e pela leitura e opiniões feitas aos manuscritos. Ao Dr. Miguel Angel Monne Barrios, Curador das coleções de insecta do Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro por ter me propiciado total acesso à coleção de Orthoptera e pela valiosíssima colaboração na identificação de alguns exemplares. Às Dra. Maria Marta Cigliano, do Museu de La Plata, Argentina; Dra. Christiane Amedegnato (in memorian) do Museu Nacional de História Natural de Paris; Dra. Maria Kátia Matiotii da PUC/RS e Dra. Cristiane Vieira de Assis Pujol Luz da Universidade Católica de Brasília pela contribuição nas aproximações visando à identificação de exemplares de Acridoidea obtidos durante este estudo. Aos meus pais Conceição Guerra Dias e Clemente Dias Cuevas e meus irmãos Rosa Maria Dias Gusmão, Rosimeire Dias Guerra Semensato e Edson Guerra Dias pela compreensão pelos muitos dias em que não pude estar com eles, sobretudo nas horas de folga. Em especial AGRADEÇO ao meu irmão André Antônio Dias Guerra, já há 17 anos no Oriente Eterno, por sua inestimável ajuda a mim (sua velha moto que o diga), na época da graduação, primeiro passo para chegar aqui: Deus esteja contigo! Finalmente, à minha mulher, Nilcéia Lourenço Dias Guerra e, a Raphael Lourenço Dias Guerra e Andréa Luiza Lourenço Dias Guerra, filhos meus, pela compreensão quando de minha ausência e pela presença e constante ajuda nos trabalhos que me permitiram chegar aqui. vii Composição de gafanhotos (Orthoptera, Acridoidea) em áreas de cerrados e lavouras na Chapada dos Parecis, Estado de Mato Grosso, Brasil SUMÁRIO Resumo geral................................................................................................................ 01 General abstract........................................................................................................... 02 Introdução Geral......................................................................................................... 03 A Ordem Orthoptera................................................................................................... 03 Histórico sobre os estudos em Orthoptera na América do Sul, Brasil e Mato Grosso......................................................................................................................... 08 Objetivos e divisão do estudo .................................................................................... 17 Referências Bibliográficas.......................................................................................... 19 CAPÍTULO 1 - Composição de gafanhotos (Orthoptera, Acridoidea) em áreas de cerrados e lavouras na Chapada dos Parecis, Estado de Mato Grosso, Brasil ....................................................................................................................................... 29 Resumo ......................................................................................................................... 30 Abstract......................................................................................................................... 31 Introdução..................................................................................................................... 32 Material e Métodos....................................................................................................... 39 Resultados..................................................................................................................... 46 Chave das Famílias e Subfamílias de Acridoidea Neotropicais................................. 47 Discussão...................................................................................................................... 70 Agradecimentos............................................................................................................ 80 Referências Bibliográficas............................................................................................ 80 CAPÍTULO 2 - História de vida e dinâmica populacional de Baeacris punctulatus (Thunberg,1824) (Orthoptera: Acrididae) no Estado de Mato Grosso, Brasil .....................................................................................................................................
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