Sudan: Energy Profile
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General Characteristics of the Petroleum Industry and Its Price Problems
This PDF is a selection from an out-of-print volume from the National Bureau of Economic Research Volume Title: Price Research in the Steel and Petroleum Industries Volume Author/Editor: Committee on Price Research Volume Publisher: NBER Volume ISBN: 0-87014-189-9 Volume URL: http://www.nber.org/books/unkn39-3 Publication Date: 1939 Chapter Title: General Characteristics of the Petroleum Industry and Its Price Problems Chapter Author: Committee on Price Research Chapter URL: http://www.nber.org/chapters/c5803 Chapter pages in book: (p. 82 - 94) 82 PART TWO state at the outset some of the limits of our inquiry as we have conceived it. The industrial field covered is indicated in Chapter II. It might be summarily described as the whole sequence of processes from exploration for oil to the deliv- ery of refined petroleum products to consumers. Within this field we have conceived it to be our respon- sibility not only to canvass the available statistical data upon current prices and costs (Chapter III), but also to examine critically the meaning, adequacy and reliability of these data and to suggest ways in which they might well be supplemented (Chapter IV). As we understand it, we were not called upon to make detailed investigations or tests of existing price information to verify our judgment of its character. Much less was it within our conception of the assignment to attempt the assembly of any concrete data not now available. Nor were we charged with making new applications of such data as we now have. In Chapter V we confine ourselves simply to outlining certain projects of inquiry which in our judgment should prove fruitful, and the more fruitful so far as the statistics of the industry's operations are made more adequate and reliable by sup- plementing existing compilations along the lines suggested in Chapter IV. -
The Petroleum Find: Its Possible Impact on the Agricultural Sector In
TheLawson Petroleum et al: Petroleum find: Find: possible Its impact Possible on the agricultural Impact sector in on Ghana the Agricultural45 Sector in Ghana: The Role of Soil Science I. Y. D. Lawson*, S. G. K. Adiku and S. K. A. Danso Department of Soil Science, School of Agriculture, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra *Corresponding author; E-mail: [email protected] Abstract The opportunities the petroleum industry present comes with challenges that Ghana needs not to overlook. It is globally accepted that petroleum find is usually associated with the economic situation dubbed “Dutch disease”, whereby, the over-expectation of rewards from oil revenues diminish the attention paid to other sectors of the economy. The paper examines the potential impacts of the petroleum discovery in Ghana on its agricultural sector and the role of soil science in minimizing adverse effects. The agricultural sector is likely to lose its recognition as the backbone of the economy due to the discovery of petroleum in commercial quantities and having recently been overtaken by the service sector. An impact of the oil find could be the high risk of the agricultural sector losing its potential labour force to the petroleum industry. There is also the fear of neglect of the agricultural sector in future similar to what happened in some countries that experienced petroleum boom. Oil spillage could pollute farmlands, and gas flaring without temperature or emission control could pollute the air and release unacceptably high levels of carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide into the atmosphere. There could be resettlement of farming communities and farmlands because of the fear of spillage and destruction of lands by oil and gas operations. -
Future Strategies for Promoting Tourism and Petroleum Heritage in Khuzestan Province, Iran
Future strategies for promoting tourism and petroleum heritage in Khuzestan Province, Iran Sahar Amirkhani, Neda Torabi Farsani and Homa Moazzen Jamshidi Abstract Sahar Amirkhani and Purpose – Industrial tourism not only strives to preserve industrial heritage, but can also be a strategy for being Neda Torabi Farsani are both familiar with the history of industry and attracting tourists to new destinations. This paper examines the issue of based at the Department of promoting petroleum industrial tourism in the case of Khuzestan, Iran. The research aims at determining Museum and Tourism, Art appropriate strategies for promoting petroleum industrial tourism. University of Isfahan, – Design/methodology/approach The data were analysed through a strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, Isfahan, Iran. and threats (SWOT) model. Homa Moazzen Jamshidi is Findings – The results revealed the competitive strategy as the best. Lastly, strategies such as: concentric based at the Department of diversification, joint venture strategy, conglomerate diversification and horizontal diversification were proposed Economics and Arts as key solutions. The results support the view that establishing an exploratory ecomuseum in the territory of Entrepreneurship, Art Khuzestan Province can be a suitable concentric diversification strategy towards petroleum industrial sustainable tourism in the future. University of Isfahan, Originality/value – The main originality of this paper includes linking tourism with the petroleum (oil and natural Isfahan, Iran. gas) industry -
Sudan National Report
REPUBLIC OF THE SUDSN MINISTRY OF FINANCE AND ECONOMIC PLANNING IMPLEMENTATION OF ISTANBOUL PLAN OF ACTION FOR LEAST DEVELOPED COUNTRIES (IPoA) 2011-2020 SUDAN NATIONAL REPORT Khartoum October 2019 Contents I. Executive Summary ............................................................................................................................. 1 II. Introduction .......................................................................................................................................... 4 III. The National Development Planning Process .................................................................................. 5 IV. Assessment of Progress and Challenges in the Implementation of the Istanbul Program of Action for the Decade 2011-2020 ............................................................................................................................ 7 a) Productive Capacity ......................................................................................................................... 7 b) Agriculture, Food Security and Rural Development ...................................................................... 16 c) Trade .............................................................................................................................................. 17 d) Commodities .................................................................................................................................. 19 e) Private Sector Development .......................................................................................................... -
Renewable Energy for Development
Renewable Energy for Development S TOCKHOLM ENVIRONMENT INSTITUTE – N EWSLETTER OF THE ENERGY PROGRAMME SEI • June 2000 Vol. 13 No. 2 ISSN 1101-8267 Cuba’s Transition away from Fossil Fuels by Dr. Antonio Valdes, Agency for Science and Technology, Havana, Cuba In recent years, Cuba has increased efforts to exploit renewable energy sources and reduce its dependence on oil. Wind, solar, and biomass offer a variety of renewable options that are well suited to the Caribbean climate. This article discusses Cuba’s current energy system, with an emphasis on electricity generation, and describes plans for expanding and improving Cuba’s emerging portfolio of renewable energy options. uba is a Caribbean island with a tropical climate, a landmass of 110,000 km2 and a population of 11 mil- C lion. The economy is agriculturally based, with major export products being sugar, tobacco, coffee, and citrus fruits. Nickel mining and tourism are also major components of the economy. The sunny and windy Caribbean climate and Cuba’s special history of sugarcane production suggests many oppor- Solar PV Installation in rural Cuba tunities for tapping renewable energy resources. Before the fall of the Soviet Union, subsidised oil and pref- erential trading relations with the communist world discour- homes (see photo). There exist approximately 1000 PV instal- aged Cuba’s renewable energy development. In the post-So- lations ranging in size from 10 W to 90 kW, for a total installed viet era, Cuba has had to look for new economic alternatives, capacity of 202 kW. Some of these PV installations have spe- including new sources of energy. -
LA Petroleum Industry Facts
February 2000 Louisiana Petroleum Public Information Series No.2 Industry Facts 1934 First oil well of commercial quantities Deepest producing well in Louisiana: Texaco-SL urvey discovered in the state: 4666-1, November 1969, Caillou Island, The Heywood #1 Jules Clement well, drilled near Terrebonne Parish, 21,924 feet total depth Evangeline, Louisiana, in Acadia Parish, which S was drilled to a depth of approximately 1,700 Existing oil or gas fields as of December 31, feet in September 1901 (counties are called 1998: 1,775 Reserves “parishes” in Louisiana). Crude oil and condensate oil produced from First oil field discovered: Jennings Field, Acadia 1901 to 1998: 16,563,234,543 barrels Parish, September 1901 Crude oil and condensate produced in 1998: First over-water drilling in America: 132,376,274 barrels Caddo Lake near Shreveport, Louisiana, (Source: Louisiana Department of Natural Resources.) circa 1905 Natural gas and casinghead gas produced from First natural gas pipeline laid in Louisiana: 1901 to 1998: 144,452,229,386 thousand Caddo Field to Shreveport in 1908 cubic feet (MFC) Largest natural gas field in Louisiana: Natural gas produced in 1998: 1,565,921,421 Monroe Field, which was discovered in 1916 thousand cubic feet (MFC) (Source: Louisiana Department of Natural Resources.) Number of salt domes: 204 are known to exist, eological 77 of which are located offshore Dry Natural Gas Proven Reserves 1997 North Louisiana 3,093 billion cubic feet Parishes producing oil or gas: All 64 of South Louisiana 5,585 billion cubic feet Louisiana’s -
Program Review
Post-Audit Review For Occupational Programs Implemented Under the Provisions of Series 37 West Virginia Council for Community and Technical College Education Institution: _Pierpont Community & Technical College_ Program (Degree and Title): _CAS and AAS Petroleum Technology_ I. INTRODUCTION The Associate in Applied Science (AAS) degree in Petroleum Technology provides curriculum to prepare students for mid-level positions in the petroleum industry as technicians working in gas and oil production, gas transmission, field services, and drilling. This is a cooperative program with the West Virginia Petroleum Industry and WV Northern CC. General education and specific applied technical courses provide students with a variety of educational activities and experiences through lecture, discussion, learning activities and realistic hands-on laboratory assignments. Embedded within the AAS program is a 30 credit hour Certificate in Applied Science (CAS) degree, that is completed within the first two semesters of the AAS program. The programs attracts approximately double the number of non-tradition students when compared to traditional aged (less than 24) students. These open enrollment programs build teamwork and provide a learning environment that enhances future employment. In addition, students have the option of completing a paid summer internship with various West Virginia petroleum companies between their freshman and sophomore year, further enhancing their skills and knowledge in real-world workplace scenarios. Although the required wage minimum for an internship position is $10 an hours, wages have ranged from $11 to $16 an hour. The US DOL predicts from 2012-2022 a 15% growth in the field nationwide. Pierpont has a 2+2 articulation agreement with Alderson Broaddus (A-B), all 60 credit hours are accepted into the Petroleum Management program at A-B. -
Study of Selected Petroleum Refining Residuals
STUDY OF SELECTED PETROLEUM REFINING RESIDUALS INDUSTRY STUDY Part 1 August 1996 U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY Office of Solid Waste Hazardous Waste Identification Division 401 M Street, SW Washington, DC 20460 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Number 1.0 INTRODUCTION .................................................... 1 1.1 BACKGROUND ............................................... 1 1.2 OTHER EPA REGULATORY PROGRAMS IMPACTING THE PETROLEUM REFINING INDUSTRY ............................. 2 1.3 INDUSTRY STUDY FINDINGS .................................. 3 2.0 INDUSTRY DESCRIPTION ........................................... 8 2.1 PETROLEUM REFINING INDUSTRY PROFILE ..................... 8 2.2 INDUSTRY STUDY ........................................... 10 2.2.1 Site Selection ......................................... 11 2.2.2 Engineering Site Visits .................................. 13 2.2.3 RCRA §3007 Questionnaire .............................. 13 2.2.4 Familiarization Sampling ................................ 14 2.2.5 Record Sampling ....................................... 15 2.2.6 Split Samples Analyzed by API ........................... 20 2.2.7 Synthesis ............................................. 20 3.0 PROCESS AND WASTE DESCRIPTIONS ............................... 21 3.1 REFINERY PROCESS OVERVIEW .............................. 21 3.2 CRUDE OIL DESALTING ...................................... 25 3.2.1 Process Description ..................................... 25 3.2.2 Desalting Sludge ....................................... 26 3.3 HYDROCRACKING -
Energy Sector Overview
Energy Sector Overview Kevin Bertelsen & Matt Sedlacek February 18, 2014 Overview The energy sector is one of the sectors defined by the S&P500’s Global Industry Classification Standard’s indexes. It consists of two industries: “energy equipment and services” and “oil, gas, and consumable fuels” There are various sub-industries encompassed in each industry, drilling, equipment/service, exploration/production, refining/marketing, and coal/consumable fuels.1 Sensitivity The energy sector is sensitive to the business cycle. The industry works in a more cyclical fashion. Weather and seasons play critical role in the industry and cause an increase in demand for gasoline in the summer and a decrease in demand during the winter. Moreover, when people buy less at the pump it is reflected in less storage and transportation which in turn leads to less drilling and exploration. One exception to this cyclical fashion is natural gas. Natural gas sees a spike in demand during the colder months as people use it to heat their homes.2 Because of cyclical nature of the energy industry their earnings are also exposed to volatility. Expenditures The energy industry is known for large capital expenditures, research and development spending, and legal expenses. Capital expenditures include prospecting land for oil reserves, property, plant and equipment, and transportation of oil. Research and development spending has been used to pay for adaptations to the changing market and environment policy. Moreover, companies need to spend large amounts in research and development to be successful in order to stay ahead of the curve. For example, Exxon Mobil spent over 1 billion dollars in 2012 alone. -
Impediments and Opportunities for Meaningful Transformation of the Retail Petroleum Industry and Possible Solutions
HDSA Workshop on Economic Transformation in the Petroleum Sector Hosted by the DoE - 4 May 2017 Impediments and opportunities for meaningful transformation of the retail petroleum industry and possible solutions Viv Corinaldi Acting Director: SAPRA Contents 1. Context 2. SAPRA strategic intent 3. Short overview of the Retail Petroleum Industry and some dynamics 4. Challenges facing Petroleum Retailers 5. Industry Transformation Challenges for Retailers 6. Proposed Solutions 7. Future Prospects 8. Credentials Message from SAPRA “Don't judge each day by the harvest you reap, but rather by the seeds that you plant.” Context • SAPRA is a member of the Petroleum & Liquid Fuels Sector Code Alignment Steering Committee. • The Petroleum & Liquid Fuels Sector Code Alignment Steering Committee is committed to ensure that - Meaningful radical economic transformation is realised in the sector; - The Petroleum and Liquid Fuels Charter (LFC) promulgated under Schedule 1 of the Petroleum Product Act, 1977 (Act No. 120 of 1977 as amended by the Petroleum Products Amendment Act 58 of 2003 as the strategic tool adopted to date to effect transformation in the petroleum sector is the aligned to B-BBEE policy framework; and - That the LFC as a Sector Charter applies to all stakeholders in the sector. • Key stakeholder alignment is required as a pre-cursor to gazetting the Petroleum & Liquid Fuels Sector Code in terms of the B-BBEE Act. • The objectives of this Scope of Work is to summarise and collate the key issues to be addressed in the Petroleum & Liquid -
Review of the Updated Status, Potentials and Renewable Energies Plans in Sudan
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 07 Issue: 07 | July 2020 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 Review of the Updated Status, Potentials and Renewable Energies Plans in Sudan Salaheldin Hassabelgabo Abdelrazig Ibrahim1, Prof M. I. Shukri2, Dr. E. B. Agab3 1PhD Student, Faculty of Post graduates, Nile Valley University, Atbra, Sudan 2Prof M. I. Shukri3, Dean of College of ALsalama for Science and Technology, Khartoum North, Sudan 3Dr. E. B. Agab2, Associate Professor, Nasr Technical Collage, Omdurman, Sudan ---------------------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------------------- Abstract – Sudan holds abundant renewable energy It worth to mentioned that Khartoum North Power Station sources. Its hydro resources are already being utilized or are Phase I, comprised of 2 machines each one is 30 MW under development. Besides the hydro resources, there is capacity was built in 1981 as a gift from British further renewable energy potential through solar and wind Government, the formal starting was in Dec. 1985 honoured energy, biomass and biogas, and geothermal energy. Sudan HRH Princess Anne[2]. In 2015, the Electricity sector in provides an excellent base for solar photovoltaic power Sudan acting under the umbrella of the Ministry of Water development. Its favorable geographic position provides Resources, Irrigation and Electricity. The Electricity Sector comparatively high global horizontal irradiation of 1900 to now currently has an installed generation capacity of 3,227 2500 kWh/m2/year. The renewable energy sector is a part of MW of power, has no wind generation capacity and no grid- electric sector and faced with some problems that delaying its connected solar capacity. -
Oil and Gas in Indonesia Investment and Taxation Guide
Oil and Gas in Indonesia Investment and Taxation Guide September 2019, 10th Edition www.pwc.com/id This page and cover photo courtesy of: PT Medco Energi Internasional Tbk. DISCLAIMER: This publication has been prepared for general guidance on matters of interest only, and does not constitute professional advice. You should not act upon the information contained in this publication without obtaining specific professional advice. No representation or warranty (express or implied) is given as to the accuracy or completeness of the information contained in this publication and, to the extent permitted by law, KAP Tanudiredja, Wibisana, Rintis & Rekan, PT Prima Wahana Caraka, PT PricewaterhouseCoopers Indonesia Advisory, PT PricewaterhouseCoopers Consulting Indonesia, and Melli Darsa & Co., Advocates & Legal Consultants, its members, employees, and agents do not accept or assume any liability, responsibility, or duty of care for any consequences of you or anyone else acting, or refraining to act, in reliance upon the information contained in this publication or for any decision based on it. Regulatory information is current to 31 July 2019. 1 Contents Glossary 4 Foreword 10 1 Industry Overview 12 2 Regulatory Framework 24 3 (Conventional) Upstream Sector 40 106 4 Gross Split PSCs 5 Downstream Sector 118 Service Providers 6 to the Upstream Sector 136 Appendices 142 About PwC | PwC Oil & Gas Contacts Insertion - Indonesian Oil & Gas Concessions and Major Infrastructure Map 147 Glossary Term Definition AFE Authorisation for Expenditure APBN Anggaran