DOCSLIB.ORG

Textile Institute

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Textile Institute The Journal of the TEXTILE INSTITUTE Official Journal for Communications (Transactions) released for Publication by the British Cotton Industry Research Association (including its Rayon and Silk Sections), the Wool Industries Research Association, the Linen Industry Research Association and the Technological Laboratory of the Indian Central Cotton Committee CONTENT^ PROCEEDINGS SECTION Irish Section—The Preparation and Finishing' 01 *u|i|<*B»nece Goods— Atkinson ... ... ... ... ... ... P171-P176 London Section—The Conversion of British Currency, Measures, and Weights to a Decimal System—Gilsoti ... ... ... P177-P181 Yorkshire Section—Standard Testing of Yams and Fabrics— Bayes .............................. ............................... .................P182-P186 Reviews. DDT. Meetings of London Section and Lancashire Section (Bolton Branch)... ... ... ... ... P187-P197 Institute Diplomas. Institute Membership. Employment Register P197-P200 Institute Meetings. Section Hon. Secretaries ... ... ...P201-P202 TRANSACTIONS SECTION 23—Measures to Check Deterioration in Egyptian Cotton Varieties — Hancock Part I—The Giza Seed Maintenance System ... ...T267-T277 Part II—Development of New Varieties ... ... .. .T278-T292 Part III—Extent, Nature and Causes of Deterioration ...T293-T310 ABSTRA CTS SECTIO N ........................................................................A453-A500 THE TEXTILE INSTITUTE ST. MARY'S PARSONAGE, MANCHESTER TELEPHONE BLACKFRIARS 2016 VACANCIES COURTAULDS LIMITED— (i) A Staff Vacancy exists for a technician, under 40 years of age, to work in a Textile Research Laboratory. Applicants should have several years experience in Textile Machine-Printing and a sound knowledge of Chemistry. Experience in Screen-Printing would be an asset. (2) A Staff Vacancy exists for a Junior Physicist for ‘Textile Research Laboratory. Applicants must have a good Honours degree in Physics, and experience in Textiles. A questionnaire will be sent to applicants who write to the Director of Personnel, Courtaulds Limited, 16, St. Martins-le-Grand, London E.C.i. JOHN C. HAMER LIMITED of Radcliffe (weaving, dyeing and finishing) require an Assistant Manager with outstanding ability and a know­ ledge of all sections of Cotton Manufacturing. The position carries excellent prospects of advancement. Applicants must in the first instance furnish (by letter only) full particulars of experience and qualifications, and salary required, to the Managing Director, Hope Mill, Radcliffe. MILL MANAGER, young, energetic, fully .experienced, wanted for cotton warp cloths, Morley district. State experience, salary required. Box No. 82. SPECIALISED TEXTILE MACHINISTS have a good opening for a competent man having a practical and theoretical knowledge of all stages of cotton spinning. Applications to Box No. 83. WANTED, YOUNG MAN to assist with the design and control of experiments in cotton spinning and with the writing of reports. A technical qualification such as B.Sc. (Tech.) will be an advantage but not a necessity, and applications will be considered from candidates with a general scientific qualification, an aptitude for the work, and an interest in technical matters. Commencing salary, £300-^400 accord­ ing to age and experience. Applications to be addressed to The British Cotton Industry Research Association, Shirley Institute, Didsbury, Manchester. DCDDIftlTC Orders should be sent to THE TEXTILE INSTITUTE, ItC r NI li I 9 16 St. Mary’s Parsonage, MANCHESTER, 3. A FEW COPIES OF THE FOLLOWING REPRINTS ARE AVAILABLE:— Current Changes in the Technology of Cotton Spinning— W . L. Balls * Tentative Textile Standard No. 10, 1944. Standard Testing Methods for Narrow Fabrics. The Chemistry of W ool and Related Fib res— J. B. Speakman Recent Industrial Tendencies. The Substitution of Knowledge and Co-operation for Instinct and Competition— H. G. Hughes. Shuttle Tapping: A Source of Fabric Defects— F. Kendall. Comparison of the Cloth Qualities of Continental and Noble Combed Materials— E. Midgley. Educational Reconstruction, with some special reference to the Textile Industries— G. D. H. Cole Textile Research and Development— Sir Robert T. Pickard. Industrial Leadership —A. P. Young. Liberal Education and Modern Business— Sir M. E. Sadler. Pattern for Industry— C. J. T. Cronshaw Price 1/- each Post Free. "Price 2/- each Post Free. NOVEMBER 1945 p i 71 THE JOURNAL OF THE TEXTILE INSTITUTE Vol. XXXVI NOVEMBER 1945 No. ix Irish Section THE PREPARATION AND FINISHING OF RAYON PIECE GOODS B y C . P . A t k i n s o n (,Substance of a lecture delivered in B elfast on 21 st M arch, 1945) Desizing and Scouring It is proposed to deal first with fabrics made from continuous filament rayon, then with crepe fabrics and finally with fabrics made from " Fibro ” and " Rayolanjia.” “ Fibro” is the registered trade name of Courtaulds’ viscose rayon staple fibre. “ Rayolanda” is the registered trade name of Courtaulds’ basified viscose staple fibre. It is not always realised that there are no natural impurities in rayon as received by the dyer and finisher. Therefore, all that it is necessary to remove from faibrics before dyeing are the size applied to ensure satisfactory weaving of the warps and any traces of dirt or oil accumulated during processing and weaving. Generally speaking the methods of de-sizing, scouring and bleaching normally required for cotton piece goods can be modified considerably, particularly as regards strength of deter­ gents, time of processing and temperature of operation. Gelatine (1-5 per cent, to 4-5 per cent.) with small percentages of emulsifiable oils is usually used for sizing continuous filament warps and can best be removed by treating the pieces on the jigger. Jiggers with tension control are advocated, and it is advisable to run with tension as low as possible consistent with maintaining a level batch without any tendency to build up over the selvedges. From the point of view of ultimate handle, attention to this factor is of paramount importance. Gelatine size is readily removed if the pieces are thoroughly wetted out on the jigger and allowed to stand for a period before washing off and scouring. The importance of a good soft water supply, preferably supplemented by warm water for washing off is not always realised. Many of the faults which occur in dyeing and/or printing of rayons are due to faulty de-sizing and scouring, and one of the most effective insurances against these faults is to have a suitable water and a good neutral soap in all preparatory processes. If the water available has more than i° to 2° of hardness, the use of suitable assistants (such as sodium hexa metaphosphate), should be considered. The slight extra cost of the better types of soap such as the olive oil soaps is usually a good investment. They have superior emulsifying, wetting, dispersing and lubricating properties. They are an additional safeguard against faults trace­ able to inefficient desizing and residual lime soap. The insoluble soaps appear PI 72 Proceedings inevitably when unsatisfactory water is used. Sulphonated fatty alcohols may be used with advantage in combination with soap. Since avoidance of trouble is better than its cure, the use wherever possible of a soft water, and a high grade neutral soap is advocated. Bleaching It is not necessary in general to bleach rayon to any appreciable extent, so that the process can be modified according to the construction of the fabric. For example, lining fabrics made from rayon warps and cotton wefts after singeing, de-sizing and scouring, require only mild bleaching treatment, particularly as the rayon warp is on the face of the fabric. It will be appreci­ ated that sheeting fabrics made from 100 per cent, fibro or fibro warp and cotton weft will not require a full linen or cotton bleaching process, and that modifications can be made with advantage. When necessary, bleaching should be carried out with hypochlorite followed by chlorite, which results in a better white with reduced damage to the rayon in the fabric. (See Dyer and Calico Printer, 2/2/45, Vol. XCIII No. 3, and Textile Manufacturer, August, 1944, Vol. 70 for alternative suggestions using mixtures of chlorite and hypochlorite). Acetate Fabrics With regard to “ Seraceta,” which is the registered trade name of Courtaulds’ cellulose acetate, I can do 110 better than refer you to a lecture given to the Society of Dyers and Colourists in January, 1931. I would emphasise, how­ ever, that it is essential in the handling of acetate fabrics to avoid extreme changes of temperature. Fabrics should be washed off after all hot treatments in warm water, not in cold water, because large and rapid temperature changes have a bad influence on the physical properties of the cloth. Crepe Fabrics The preparation of crepe fabrics is discussed in a lecture given to the Society of Dyers and Colourists, October 1941— a report being published in May, 1942. Good soft water is imperative, if uneven delustring with con­ sequent blotchiness and effects associated with insoluble soaps are to be avoided. In this connection naphthenic acid soaps are at present the subject of investigation in the U.S.A. It is claimed that their wetting power is high and their detergent power as good as standard soaps. They are good emulsify­ ing agents for mineral oil, and therefore useful for de-sizing and scouring operations. Incidentally, the presence of electrolytes and salts in the dye- bath does not readily decompose them, and again, they have antiseptic and anti-oxidant properties,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • CURRICULUM(CBCS) TEXTILE ENGINEERING (3 to 8 Semester)
    Himachal Pradesh Technical University, Hamirpur (H.P.) CURRICULUM(CBCS) TEXTILE ENGINEERING rd th (3 to 8 Semester) Teaching and Examination Scheme 1 HIMACHAL PRADESH TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY, HAMIRPUR CURRICULUM OF B.TECH TEXTILE ENGINEERING 1. Credit System: A system enabling quantification of course work, with one credit being assigned to each unit after a student completes its teaching-learning process, followed by passing in both Continuous Internal Assessment CIA & Semester End Examination (SEE); Further, Choice Based Credit System (CBCS) to be helpful in customizing the course work for a student, through Core &Electives. 2. Credit Courses: All Courses registered by a student in a Semester is to earn credits. In a widely accepted definition, students to earn One Credit by registering and passing: One hour/week/Semester for Theory/Lecture (L) Courses; and, Two hours/week/Semester for Laboratory/Practical (P) Courses or Tutorials (T). NOTE: Other student activities not demanding intellectual work or enabling proper assessment like, practical training, study tour and guest lecture not to carry Credits. 3. Credit Representation: Credit values for different courses is as given in Table 1: Lectures Tutorials Practical Work Credits Total (hrs./wk./Sem.) (hrs./wk./Sem.) (hrs./wk./Sem.) (L: T: P/D) Credits 3 0 0 3:0:0 3 2 2 0 2:1:0 3 2 0 2 2:0:1 3 2 2 2 2:1:1 4 0 0 6 0:0:3 3 4.Course Load: Every student to register for a set of Courses in each Semester, with the total number of their Credits being limited by considering the permissible weeklyContactHours (typically: 30/Week); For this, an average Course Load of 24Credits/Semester (e.g., 6-7 Courses) is generally acceptable.
    [Show full text]
  • Spinning and Winding Taro Nishimura
    The_Textile_Machinery_Society_of_Japan_Textile_College_2-Day_Course_on_Cloth_Making_Introduction_to_Spinning_2014_05_22 Spinning and Winding Taro Nishimura 1. Introduction Since several thousand years ago, humans have been manufacturing linen, wool, cotton, and silk to be used as fibrous materials for clothing. In 繊維 (sen’i ), which is the word for “fiber,” the Chinese character 繊 (sen ) is a unit for decimal fractions of one ten-millionth (equal to approximately 30 Ǻ), while 維 (i) means “long and thin.” Usually, fibers are several dozen µ thick, and can range from around one centimeter long to nigh infinite length. All natural materials, with the exception of raw silk, are between several to several dozen centimeters long and are categorized as staple fibers. Most synthetic fibers are spun into filaments. Figure 1 shows how a variety of textile product forms are interrelated. Short fibers are spun into cotton (spun) yarns, whereas filaments are used just as they are, or as textured yarns by being twisted or stretched. Fabric cloths that are processed into two-dimensional forms using cotton (spun) yarns and filament yarns include woven fabrics, knit fabrics, nets, and laces. Non-woven fabrics are another type of two-dimensional form, in which staple fibers and filaments are directly processed into cloths without being twisted into yarns. Yet another two-dimensional form is that of films, which are not fiber products and are made from synthetic materials. Three-dimensional fabrics and braids are categorized as three-dimensional forms. This paper discusses spinning, or the process of making staple fibers into yarns, and winding, which prepares fibers for weaving. One-dimensional Two-dimensional Three-dimensional Natural Staple fibers Spun yarns Woven fabrics Three-dimensional materials Filaments Filament yarns Knit fabrics fabrics Synthetic Nets Braids materials Laces Non-woven fabrics Films Fig.
    [Show full text]
  • Paper 2: the Woollen Cloth Industry in the Lim Valley © Richard Bull & Lyme Regis Museum Revised with Extra Images July 2015
    Industrial Lyme - Paper 2: The Woollen Cloth Industry in the Lim Valley © Richard Bull & Lyme Regis Museum Revised with extra images July 2015 Like all research, this is on-going. If you know more, or are descended from any of the families involved, please get in touch with the author via Lyme Regis Museum. Summary Woollen cloth has been made in the Lim Valley from at least medieval times, but this paper is more about the factories in Lyme Regis and Uplyme that made high-quality West of England coat cloths. The factories in Lyme were bankrupt in 1847, leaving the Uplyme factory to soldier on against Yorkshire competition until it was destroyed by fire in 1866, whilst being modernised. In Lyme the factories were started up again in the 1850s to make silk thread and hemp twine, but only for a short period; these are the subjects of other papers in this series. This paper contains: the background to the trade, the history of the factories and a walking trail to see the mills. Cloth making – the essential process in a nutshell Sheep fleeces are packed on the farm into big canvas bags called woolsacks. At the factory the fleeces are scoured (washed) to remove lanolin (wool- grease), dirt and adhering vegetable material. Then the fleeces are scribbled (torn up into pieces), combed and carded to produce rovings, long strips of wool ready for spinning. Washed and combed fleece being fed into a carding machine at Coldharbour Mill, Uffculme, Devon Industrial Lyme Paper 2 – The Woollen Cloth Industry © R Bull & Lyme Regis Museum 1 Spinning means to draw out and twist - and by this process the scales of the individual wool fibres lock together to produce a thread known as a single.
    [Show full text]
  • SOCIAL COUNCIL Mtniiiimhiuhhmtiimiiitniiiimiriiuniiitriiiiiiiftihiu ECONOMIC COMMISSION Î0R LATIN AMERICA
    UNITED NATI ONS GENERAL E/CN.I2/9I9 ECONOMIC September 1971 ENGLISH AND ORIGINAL: PORTUGUESE SOCIAL COUNCIL MtniiiimHiuHHmtiimiiitniiiimiriiuniiitriiiiiiiftiHiu ECONOMIC COMMISSION Î0R LATIN AMERICA THE TRAÍAS PER OF TECHNICAL KNOW-HOW IN THE TEXTILE AND CLOTHING INDUSTRIES IN BRAZIL prepared by Luigi Spreafico, Consultant J Note; This report foms part of a study undertaken ty the Economic Commission for Latin America (ECLA), the Interamerican Development Bank (IDB) and the Division of Public Finance and Financial Institutions of the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs on the problems of the transfer of industrial technology in Brazil. I - iii - TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Chapter I. PRODUCTION IN THE TEXTILE INDUSTRY AND THE ACCUMULATION OF TECHNICAL KNOW-HOW OVER TIME 1 A. INTRODUCTION 1 B. THE ACCUMULATION OF TECHNICAL KNOW-HOW IN THE TEXTILE INDUSTRY 5 C. CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PRODUCTION PROCESS IN THE TEXTILE INDUSTRY 10 1. Basic concepts ........................... 10 2. Prospects of a radical change in the production processes of the textile industry 13 3i Classification of processes by type of fibre used 21 Chapter II. DIFFERENT WAYS OF TRANSFERRING KNOW-HOW IN THE TEXTILE INDUSTRY 26 A. BACKGROUND 26 1. The establishment of the textile industry in Latin America 26 2. Current trends 28 B. TRANSFER OF KNOW-HOW NEEDED TO ESTABLISH NEW MILLS 28 C. TRANSFER OF KNOW-HOW NEEDED FOR RE-STRUCTURING AND MODERNIZING OUT-OF-DATE FACTORIES 35 D. THE WAYS OF TRANSFERRING KNOW-HOW ON THE USE OF SPECIAL PROCESSES AND SYNTHETIC RAW MATERIALS 40 A. Use of - iV - Page 1. Use of synthetic raw materials ..........
    [Show full text]
  • Textile Institute
    NOVEMBER 1944 P 1 2 1 THE JOURNAL OF THE TEXTILE INSTITUTE THE BLEACHING OF JUTE FOR TEXTILE PURPOSES B y B . P . R i d g e and A . H . L i t t l e . SUMMARY Details are given of methods that have been found satisfactory for bleaching jute materials to different degrees without undue loss of weight or strength. For mild bleaching, treatment is suggested with cold or warm hypochlorite solutions that are maintained in an alkaline condition. Cold alkaline permanganate fol­ lowed by a bisulphite clearing process, and hot sodium chlorite under slightly acid conditions also give reasonable results. For better shades a hot peroxide bleach may be given after an alkaline hypochlorite treatment, but for uniformity it is best first to scour the material under mild conditions with a soda ash solution at 65° to 750 C., using about 7-5 per cent, of ash on the weight of jute, whilst still further improvement in shade is obtained if the scouring bath contains a small proportion of peroxide. Other methods that may be used are the ordinary peroxide bleach without previous hypochlorite treatment as normally used for cotton goods, or alternate steepings first in a dilute alkaline hypochlorite and then in a hot solution of sodium hydrosulphite or bisulphite. White or nearly white jute can be obtained only if substantially all the lignin is removed, when the wet strength is seriously reduced. Information is recorded on the bleaching of yarn in package form and on the processing of mixtures of jute with cotton, linen, wool and rayon.
    [Show full text]
  • The Industrial Revolution - Making Cloth: the Start of the Industrial Revolution
    The Industrial Revolution - Making Cloth: The Start of the Industrial Revolution The Industrial Revolution - Making Cloth: The Start of the Industrial Revolution by ReadWorks The Industrial Revolution got its start in the textile industry. Before the Industrial Revolution, making cloth was a very slow process. Cotton from cotton plants is puffy and full of seeds. First, the seeds had to be taken out, by hand. Next, the cotton had to be spun and stretched into thread, by hand. Finally, the thread was woven into cloth, by hand. Every step along the way required the full concentration of one person. Making cloth took a long time. In 1764, the process of turning cotton into cloth began to change. The three main steps stayed the same. But people began to use machines instead of doing everything manually. The machines did each step faster and faster. Some of the machines were huge. They couldn't fit into a person's home. The first factories were built to house machines and the workers needed to run them. Look at the timeline below. It describes the most important textile machines that were invented. Use it to answer the questions that follow. 1764: The spinning jenny was invented by James Hargreaves. This machine made it easier to make thread. 1769: Sir Richard Arkwright invented the water frame. Now weavers could keep up with all the thread that was being made. After the invention of the water frame, one weaver could weave the yarn from four spinners! The water frame was too big for homes. It only fit in factories.
    [Show full text]
  • ARCHAEOLOGICAL REMAINS ALONG the MANCHESTER AIRPORT RELIEF ROAD Wessex 9 781911 137207 £5.00 Archaeology Acknowledgments
    The construction of the Manchester Airport relief road provided an opportunity for archaeologists to Greater investigate the historic landscape on the southern Manchester’s fringes of Greater Manchester. The earliest remains Past Revealed were a Middle Bronze Age (1600–1100 BC) pit containing cremated human bone lying alongside an • 26 • enigmatic ring-shaped monument, found between Bramhall and Poynton. The majority of the discoveries, however, dated to the post-medieval and Industrial periods, and include a former corn mill, a turnpike toll house and a possible medieval moated manor, all near Norbury. This well-illustrated booklet, generously funded by roadbuilders Carillion Morgan Sindall Joint Venture, presents a summary of the most significant sites and their broader context in the local landscape. It also provides an insight into archaeological methods, along with the experiences of some of those who carried out the fieldwork. © Wessex Archaeology 2019 ISBN 978-1-911137-20-7 Front: Yard area near site of Norbury toll house Life on MARR Rear: Post-medieval land drainage ditches near Moss Nook Rear: The Bramhall ring ditch ARCHAEOLOGICAL REMAINS ALONG THE MANCHESTER AIRPORT RELIEF ROAD wessex 9 781911 137207 £5.00 archaeology Acknowledgments Wessex Archaeology would like to thank Carillion Morgan Sindall Joint Venture, for commissioning the archaeological investigations, particularly Steve Atkinson, Rory Daines, Molly Guirdham and Irish Sea Stuart Williams for their communication and assistance throughout. Special thanks are due to Norman Redhead, Heritage Management Director (Archaeology) at GMAAS, who advised upon and monitored the archaeological response to the road construction on behalf of Stockport Greater Manchester Metropolitan Borough Council and Manchester City Council, and also to Mark Leah who carried out the same role at Cheshire East Council.
    [Show full text]
  • DEPARTMENT of TEXTILE TECHNOLOGY Vision
    DEPARTMENT OF TEXTILE TECHNOLOGY Vision: The Vision of the Department of Textile Technology, Anna University is to be recognized as a leader in textile and apparel technology education, research and application of knowledge and skills to benefit the society. Mission: The mission of the Department of Textile Technology, Anna University is To deliver the highest quality textile and apparel technologists with societal values. To carryout cutting-edge research and develop innovative technology for the benefit of society at national and international level. To inculcate a sense of highest ethical and professional standards among the students. ANNA UNIVERSITY, CHENNAI: 600 025 UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENTS M.TECH. TEXTILE TECHNOLOGY REGULATIONS – 2019 CHOICE BASED CREDIT SYSTEM 1. PROGRAM EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES(PEOs): Master of Textile Technology curriculum is designed to prepare the graduates to 1. Have attitude and knowledge for the successful professional and technical career 2. Design and conduct experiments and interpret the results, Design new process and product for textile industry 3. Manage research and development activities in textile industry and research organizations and 4. Enhance their skills for managing textile manufacturing industry 2. PROGRAM OUTCOMES(POs): The Textile Technology Post Graduates will have the ability to 1. Apply the knowledge gained through the post graduate programme to effectively teach the students at the undergraduate level 2. Effectively carryout fundamental and applied research 3. Develop new process or product at the textile industry 4. Develop new process or product at the textile research organizations 5. Apply the knowledge of textile technology to effectively manage textile industry 6. Effectively function as individual or as a part of a team to accomplish a stated goal.
    [Show full text]
  • Britannia Rules the Waves
    Working Paper No. 66/01 Britannia Ruled the Waves Timothy Leunig © Timothy Leunig Department of Economic History London School of Economics October 2001 Department of Economic History London School of Economics Houghton Street London, WC2A 2AE Tel: +44 (0)20 7955 7857 Fax: +44 (0)20 7955 7730 Additional copies of this working paper are available at a cost of £2.50. Cheques should be made payable to ‘Department of Economic History, LSE’ and sent to the Economic History Department Secretary. LSE, Houghton Street, London WC2A 2AE, UK. 2 Britannia Ruled the Waves1 Timothy Leunig2 Abstract This paper uses new micro-level US data to re-examine productivity leadership in cotton spinning c. 1900. We find that output aggregation problems make the Census unreliable in this industry, and that Lancashire, not New England was the productivity leader for almost every type of yarn. This is true both for the operation of a given machinery type, and when comparing machinery typical in each country. Higher capital and labour productivity rates imply that Lancashire’s combination of a more favourable climate, external economies of scale and more experienced workers dominated the advantages that New England firms derived from greater scale. Keywords COTTON ¦ ECONOMIES OF SCALE ¦ LANCASHIRE ¦ MULES ¦ NEW ENGLAND ¦ PRODUCTIVITY ¦ RINGS ¦ SPINNING 1 This paper is based on work in my doctoral dissertation. I thank my supervisor, James Foreman-Peck for his advice. An earlier version of this paper was given at the 1996 Cliometrics meeting. I would like to thank participants there, especially Steve Broadberry and Greg Clark. I thank the Royal Economic Society, Nuffield College Oxford, and Oxford University’s Sir John Hicks Fund for financial support.
    [Show full text]
  • Samuel Crompton (3 Dec 1753 - 26 Jun 1827)
    Samuel Crompton (3 Dec 1753 - 26 Jun 1827) British inventor who contributed to the Industrial Revolution with his invention of the “spinning mule” to produce continuous, strong, fine yarn. (source) Samuel Crompton Crompton was born at Firwood Fold, near Bolton, England. He was 15 when he started working on a spinning jenny in the Hall'i'th'Wood1 mill, Bolton. The yarn then in use was soft, and broke frequently. He realized that an improved machine was needed. By 1774, at age 21, he began working on that project in his spare time, and continued for five years. He later wrote2 that he was in a “continual endeavour to realise a more perfect principle of spinning; and though often baffled, I as often renewed the attempt, and at length succeeded to my utmost desire, at the expense of every shilling I had in the world.” During this time, he supplemented his income from weaving, when the Bolton theatre was open, by earning eighteen pence a night as a violinist in the orchestra. Samuel Crompton (source) Drawing of the Spinning Mule Because of the machine-wrecking Luddites active during the Industrial Revolution, he worked as best he (1823) (source) could in secret while developing the machine. At one point, he kept it hidden in the roof of his house. (Luddites were handloom workers who violently rejected the changes produced by the Industrial Revolution, and destroyed mechanised looms, in their attempt to protect their livelihoods during harsh economic conditions.) In 1779, his invention was finished - the spinning mule. It was able to spin a continuous, strong, fine yarn by combining ideas from the spinning jenny of Richard Arkwright and the water frame of James Hargreaves.
    [Show full text]
  • Lecture Outline Processing Fiber Into Yarn I
    LECTURE OUTLINE PROCESSING FIBER INTO YARN I. The History of Fiber Processing 11. Material Opening and Cleaning A. Preparing the bale lay-down 1. Selection of bales 2. Bale arrangement for blending 3. Removal of bands and bagging B. Opening and cleaning equipment 1. Weigh-pan feeders 2. Magnetic and electronic cleaners 3. Dust removers 4. Beater type cleaners 5. Positive-fed saw-type cleaners 111. Carding A. Opening of fiber B. Cleaning as a hction C. Reducing or drafting D. Packaging of stock IV. Drawing A. Drafting and fiber orientation B. Blending and uniformity V. Combing A. Combing preparation 1. Drawing for Iapper 2. Lapping B. Principles of combing operation I. Feeding of laps 2. Nipping of fiber 3. Circular combing 4. Detaching 5. Top combing V. Combing (continued) C. Primary functions 1. Removal of short fiber (noils) 2. Removal of trash D. Secondary functions 1. Reducing and drafting 2. Blending and packaging VI. Roving A. Definition and description of machine B. Description of product C. Purpose of roving machine 1. Drafting 2. Twisting 3. Packaging a. laying b. winding c. building VII. Types of Spinning A. Intermittent spinning 1. Hand Spinning 2. Saxony Wheel-Spinning Jenny B. Continuous spinning 1. Cap spinning 2. Centrifugal spinning 3. Flyer spinning 4. Ring spinning a. definition and description of process 1. drafting of fibers 2. twisting of yarn 3. packagmg of yarn aa. laying bb. winding cc. package building b. other ring spinning factors 1. ring and traveler 2. speeds and rpms C. Open-end spinning 1. Definition and methods a.
    [Show full text]
  • B.Tech Textile Technology –
    Department of Textile Technology Vision Department of Textile Technology aspires to be a centre of excellence in textile education, manifesting excellence, inspiring confidence, and engaging society. Mission ➢ Develop industry relevant curriculum, infrastructure, innovative teaching methods and hands on training in textile education that enables students to be efficient professionals. ➢ Motivate Faculty to update their knowledge and skills through their higher education and providing opportunities to participate in short- term programme, workshops, conferences, seminars and specific industry based training.etc., ➢ Provide holistic student development by creating opportunities to participate in Inter-Intra college events, soft skills trainings, competitive exams training etc., to develop their technical and team building competencies for lifelong learning and to develop entrepreneurship skills. ➢ Undertake inter-disciplinary research and development/Consultancy in the field of Textile Technology to support the industry and society. 1 Signature of BOS chairman, TXT Programme Educational Objectives (PEO’s) PEO:1 Graduates of B.Tech Textile Technology programme will have increasing responsibilities/advancement in positions in Textile and related segments such as product development, production, technical services, quality assurance and marketing. PEO:2 Graduates of B.Tech Textile Technology programme will become successful entrepreneur / business partners in Textile and related field, by starting new ventures/expansion of existing family
    [Show full text]