The Adventurers: the Pyramid of Horus Rulebook
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The Stela of Khu-Sobek (Manchester Museum)
The Stela of Khu-Sobek1 (Manchester Museum) This limestone stela of the Manchester Museum (measured 16.5 cm wide and 28 cm high) was found in Abydos in 1901 by J. Garstang.2 It is of poor quality but important since it records an early of war of Egypt with its northern enemies. Htp-di-(n)swt wsir nb AbDw (di.f ) prt-xrw t Hnkt xpS Apdw Ssr3 mnxt snTr mrHt xt nb(t) nfr(t) wab(t) A royal offering of Osiris, lord of Abydos, (giving) an invocation offering of bread and beer, foreleg (of an ox) and fowl, linen and clothing, incense and oil, every good and pure thing n kA n (i)r(i)-pa(t) HAt(i)-a Dd nfrt, wHm mrrt4 m Xr(t)-Hrw5 nt ra nb, wartw6 aA n nwt, xw-(wi)- sbkw7 rn.f nfr DAA8 for the ka of the member of the elite, high official, who has said good things, repeated /proclaimed9 what was desired during the course of every day, great district official of the town, Khu-Sobek whose good name is Djaa, ir.n itA10 wartw tfnwt,11 nbt imAx, 1 The principal references for these notes are T. Eric Peet, The Stela of Sebek-khu, Manchester Museum Handbooks 75 (1914), and J. Baines, The Stela of Khusobek: Private and Royal Military Narrative and Values, in Form und Mass, Beiträge zur Literartur, Sprache und Kunst des alten Ägypten, Otto Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden, pp. 43-61. 2 See J. Garstang, El Arábah, Quaritch, London, 1901, Pls. IV, V; P. -
Cambridge Archaeological Journal 15:2, 2005
Location of the Old Kingdom Pyramids in Egypt Miroslav Bârta The principal factors influencing the location of the Old Kingdom pyramids in Egypt are reconsidered. The decisive factors influencing their distribution over an area of c. eighty kilometres were essentially of economic, géomorphologie, socio-political and unavoidably also of religious nature. Primary importance is to be attributed to the existence of the Old Kingdom capital of Egypt, Memphis, which was a central place with regard to the Old Kingdom pyramid fields. Its economic potential and primacy in the largely redistribution- driven state economy sustained construction of the vast majority of the pyramid complexes in its vicinity. The location of the remaining number of the Old Kingdom pyramids, including many of the largest ever built, is explained using primarily archaeological evidence. It is claimed that the major factors influencing their location lie in the sphere of general trends governing ancient Egyptian society of the period. For millennia, megaliths and monumental arts were pyramids see Edwards 1993; Fakhry 1961; Hawass commissioned by the local chieftains and later by the 2003; Lehner 1997; Stadelmann 1985; 1990; Vallogia kings of Egypt. The ideological reasons connected 2001; Verner 2002; Dodson 2003). The reasons that may with the construction and symbolism of the pyra be put forward to explain their location and arrange mids were manifold, and in most cases obvious: the ment are numerous but may be divided into two basic manifestation of power, status and supremacy over groups: practical and religious. It will be argued that the territory and population, the connection with the whereas the general pattern in the distribution of the sacred world and the unlimited authority of the rulers pyramid sites may be due mainly to practical reasons, (O'Connor & Silverman 1995). -
ROSETTA/OSIRIS Observations of the 67P Nucleus During the April 2016 flyby: High-Resolution Spectrophotometry
ROSETTA/OSIRIS observations of the 67P nucleus during the April 2016 flyby: high-resolution spectrophotometry accepted in A&A, DOI:10.1051/0004-6361/201833807 C. Feller1 [Corresponding author: clement.feller-at-obspm.fr], S. Fornasier1, S. Ferrari2, P.H. Hasselmann1 , A. Barucci1, M. Massironi2, J.D.P Deshapriya1 , H. Sierks3, G. Naletto4,5,6, P. L. Lamy7, R. Rodrigo8,9, D. Koschny10, B.J.R. Davidsson11 , J.-L. Bertaux7, I. Bertini4, D. Bodewits12, G. Cremonese13, V. Da Deppo6, S. Debei14, M. De Cecco15, M. Fulle16, P. J. Gutiérrez17, C. Güttler3, W.-H. Ip18,19, H. U. Keller20,21, L. M. Lara17, M. Lazzarin12, J. J. López- Moreno17, F. Marzari4, X. Shi3, C. Tubiana3 , B. Gaskell22, F. La Forgia4 , A. Lucchetti13,S. Mottola21, M. Pajola13, F. Preusker21, and F. Scholten21 1LESIA, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, Univ. Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, 5 Place J. Janssen, Meudon Cedex 92195, France 2Center of Studies and Activities for Space (CISAS) G. Colombo, University of Padova, Via Venezia 15, 35131 Padova, Italy 3Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg, 3, 37077, Goettingen, Germany 4University of Padova, Department of Physics and Astronomy “Galileo Galilei”, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy 5University of Padova, Center of Studies and Activities for Space (CISAS) “G. Colombo”, Via Venezia 15, 35131 Padova, Italy 6CNR-IFN UOS Padova LUXOR, Via Trasea, 7, 35131 Padova, Italy 7LATMOS, CNRS/UVSQ/IPSL, 11 boulevard d’Alembert,78280, Guyancourt, France 8Centro de -
Was the Function of the Earliest Writing in Egypt Utilitarian Or Ceremonial? Does the Surviving Evidence Reflect the Reality?”
“Was the function of the earliest writing in Egypt utilitarian or ceremonial? Does the surviving evidence reflect the reality?” Article written by Marsia Sfakianou Chronology of Predynastic period, Thinite period and Old Kingdom..........................2 How writing began.........................................................................................................4 Scopes of early Egyptian writing...................................................................................6 Ceremonial or utilitarian? ..............................................................................................7 The surviving evidence of early Egyptian writing.........................................................9 Bibliography/ references..............................................................................................23 Links ............................................................................................................................23 Album of web illustrations...........................................................................................24 1 Map of Egypt. Late Predynastic Period-Early Dynastic (Grimal, 1994) Chronology of Predynastic period, Thinite period and Old Kingdom (from the appendix of Grimal’s book, 1994, p 389) 4500-3150 BC Predynastic period. 4500-4000 BC Badarian period 4000-3500 BC Naqada I (Amratian) 3500-3300 BC Naqada II (Gerzean A) 3300-3150 BC Naqada III (Gerzean B) 3150-2700 BC Thinite period 3150-2925 BC Dynasty 1 3150-2925 BC Narmer, Menes 3125-3100 BC Aha 3100-3055 BC -
Nilotic Livestock Transport in Ancient Egypt
NILOTIC LIVESTOCK TRANSPORT IN ANCIENT EGYPT A Thesis by MEGAN CHRISTINE HAGSETH Submitted to the Office of Graduate and Professional Studies of Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS Chair of Committee, Shelley Wachsmann Committee Members, Deborah Carlson Kevin Glowacki Head of Department, Cynthia Werner December 2015 Major Subject: Anthropology Copyright 2015 Megan Christine Hagseth ABSTRACT Cattle in ancient Egypt were a measure of wealth and prestige, and as such figured prominently in tomb art, inscriptions, and even literature. Elite titles and roles such as “Overseer of Cattle” were granted to high ranking officials or nobility during the New Kingdom, and large numbers of cattle were collected as tribute throughout the Pharaonic period. The movement of these animals along the Nile, whether for secular or sacred reasons, required the development of specialized vessels. The cattle ferries of ancient Egypt provide a unique opportunity to understand facets of the Egyptian maritime community. A comparison of cattle barges with other Egyptian ship types from these same periods leads to a better understand how these vessels fit into the larger maritime paradigm, and also serves to test the plausibility of aspects such as vessel size and design, composition of crew, and lading strategies. Examples of cargo vessels similar to the cattle barge have been found and excavated, such as ships from Thonis-Heracleion, Ayn Sukhna, Alexandria, and Mersa/Wadi Gawasis. This type of cross analysis allows for the tentative reconstruction of a vessel type which has not been identified previously in the archaeological record. -
Demotic Dictionary Project
oi.uchicago.edu PHILOLOGY DEMOTIC DICTIONARY PROJECT Janet H.Johnson This year, as for the past several years, the Demotic Dictionary staff concentrated on checking drafts of entries for individual letters in the Egyptian "alphabet" and preparing and entering computer scan copies of the actual Demotic words. The only student work ing on the project this year was Thomas Dousa, whose command of Egyptian and Greek and the extensive literature in both has allowed him to make major contributions to the checking and rewriting of first draft entries. Thanks to a very generous bequest from Professor and Mrs. George R. Hughes, we anticipate being able next year to hire a recent Ph.D. graduate as Research Associate to work full time on checking of draft and preparation of scans and copies. The checking and rewriting of first draft entries involves double checking of all in formation provided in the entry and the incorporation of several categories of informa tion that we decided to include after the first drafts had been written. Many of these categories are being added to provide social or cultural information as part of the "meaning" of a word. For example, whenever the "word" is the name of a deity, a refer ence is provided to every geographic location (e.g., a specific city or cemetery) with which the deity is associated in the texts of the corpus from which the Chicago Demotic Dictionary is being drawn. Similarly, whenever the "word" being discussed is the name of a geographic location, reference is made to all deities mentioned in the texts of our corpus in conjunction with that geographic location. -
Ancient Egyptian Religion on the Silver Screen: Modern Anxieties About Race, Ethnicity, and Religion Caroline T
University of the Pacific Scholarly Commons College of the Pacific aF culty Articles All Faculty Scholarship 10-1-2003 Ancient Egyptian Religion on the Silver Screen: Modern Anxieties about Race, Ethnicity, and Religion Caroline T. Schroeder Cornell University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/cop-facarticles Part of the History of Religion Commons, and the Religious Thought, Theology and Philosophy of Religion Commons Recommended Citation Schroeder, Caroline T. (2016) "Ancient Egyptian Religion on the Silver Screen: Modern Anxieties about Race, Ethnicity, and Religion," Journal of Religion & Film: Vol. 7 : Iss. 2 , Article 1. Available at: http://digitalcommons.unomaha.edu/jrf/vol7/iss2/1 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the All Faculty Scholarship at Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in College of the Pacific aF culty Articles by an authorized administrator of Scholarly Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Journal of Religion & Film Volume 7 Article 1 Issue 2 October 2003 12-14-2016 Ancient Egyptian Religion on the Silver Screen: Modern Anxieties about Race, Ethnicity, and Religion Caroline T. Schroeder Ithaca College, [email protected] Recommended Citation Schroeder, Caroline T. (2016) "Ancient Egyptian Religion on the Silver Screen: Modern Anxieties about Race, Ethnicity, and Religion," Journal of Religion & Film: Vol. 7 : Iss. 2 , Article 1. Available at: http://digitalcommons.unomaha.edu/jrf/vol7/iss2/1 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@UNO. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of Religion & Film by an authorized editor of DigitalCommons@UNO. -
The Secret Name of Ra
Thesecret name of Ra Ra, the SoleCreator was visible to the peopleof Eglat asthe discol the sun,but they knew him in manyother {orms. He could appearas a crownedman. a falconor'a man with a falcon'shead and, as the scarabbeetle pushes a round ball of dungin front of it, the Egyptians picturedRa asa scarabpushing the sun acrossthe sky. In caverns deepbelow the earthwere hidden another seventy-five forms ofRa; mysteriousbeings with mummiEedbodies and heads consisting of birds or snakes,feathers or flowers,The namesof Rawere as numerousas his forms; he wasthe ShiningOne, The Hidden One, The Renewerof the Earth,The lfind in the Souls,The ExaltedOne, but therewas one name ofthe SunGod which hadnot beenspoken sincetime began.To know this secretname ofRa wasto havepower overhim andover the world that he hadcreated. Isislonged for suchapower. Shehad dreamed that oneday she *.ould havea marvellousfalcon-headed son called Horus andshe wantedthe throne of Ra to giveto her child. Isis wasthe Mistressof Magic,wiser than millionsofmen, but sheLrrew that nothingin creationwas powerful enoughto harmits creator.Her only chance vr'as!o turn thepower of Ra againsthimself and atlast Isisthought of a crlel andcunning plan. Everyday the SunGod walkedthrough his kingdom, attendedby a crowd ofspirits andlesser deities, but Rawas growingold. His eyeswere dim, his stepno longerfirm andhe had evenbegun to drivel. One morning Isismingled with a group of minor goddessesand followedbehind the King of the Gods.She watched the faceofRa until shesaw his salivadrip onto a clod o{ eanh.\0hen shewas sure that no-onewas taking any noticeo{ her, shescooped up the earth andcarried it awav.Isis mixed the earthwith the salivaofRa to form clay andmodelled a wickedJookingserpent. -
Practicing Medicine in Ancient Egypt
Practicing Medicine in Ancient Egypt Michael R. Zimmerman March 28, 2017 Michael Zimmerman is Adjunct Professor of Biology at Villanova University, Lecturer in Anthropology at the University of Pennsylvania, and Visiting Professor at the University of Manchester (UK) KNH Centre for Biomedical Egyptology. et us start by imagining what Albert Einstein called a “thought experiment.” It is the year 5015 CE L and an excavation of an ancient hospital, ca. 2016 CE, uncovers an ancient book, written on paper rather than on the current electronic device. Although the book is in poor condition there is a partial hieroglyphic title, transcribed by an Egyptologist and a paleopathologist as Merck Manual. The book seems to be a compilation of disease descriptions and treatments by a long forgotten Dr. Merck. The diseases are difficult to decipher in an era when humans live to the age of 150 and die only when aged organs fail. It appears that the body could be attacked by minute parasitic organisms, visible only with an ancient tool called a “microscope.” Some cells appear to have taken on a life of their own, destroying the body by causing diseases known by a variety of poorly preserved terms such as “cancer” or “neoplasm.” The task of our future paleopathologist is analogous to that of the difficult undertaking of deciphering ancient Egyptian medical papyri. There are a number of surviving papyri, in various degrees of completeness, which have been studied by physicians and Egyptologists. They have done remarkably well, particularly in that the writing is mostly in the difficult hieratic rather than hieroglyphic text. -
Newsletter 30
TheRundle Foundation fortrgWtianfuchaeology NEWSLETTER No. 30 October 1989 \.--JJ \ 2...= ZTrq ),,f\f' { \'-'" - \ti \\lil11lrN'. {. - 4," '-' /Lt:l''' r{7 The recording of the second of the two RamessideTombs at EL-Mashayikh was completed during the 1988/9 season and work on the pubrication of the naterial is progressing wel1. The chapel of the lomb is very unprepossessing in size, but by contrast, the subterranean burial charnberis surprisingry large, severaL tines the size of the upper chapel. rn fact it i.s a whole complex of chambers - one large centrar one with 5 others J-eadingoff fron it. This suggests that the tomb was a farnily comprex, a conclusion borne out by the inscriptional evidence. The main owner was the Royal scribe and Archivist rmiseba, but two of his sons have a prominent place in the inscriptions, one calIed Nebnetjeru, a chief steward of Khonsu, Archivist and Army scribe, the other, peilnehit, an army scribe. Other sons nentioned are a scribe of pharaoh, Amenemope,and a Kaemwenu. As wel-l as the usual funerary scenes and inscriptions, the chapel arso has an interesting, and for the Ramessideperiod unusual, series of reliefs depi-cting activities of daily life - ploughing and sowing, catching and drying fish, a fowl-yard scene, and a scene of rmiseba seated on a chair in his office with other scribes sitting on the froor in front of hin with their chests of papyrus rol,ls. TMHOTEP lParF II of ,Jin walker's article on the Vizier & Architect of Djoser who became Imouthes /AsklePios ) Manetho, a Graeco-Egryptianhistorian who lived in early Ptolemaic tines, encapsulated those attributes of Imhotep for which he was then most renowned; "he (Imhotep) was styled Aesculapius by the Egyptians because of his medical skill. -
Ancient Egyptian Chronology and the Book of Genesis
Answers Research Journal 4 (2011):127–159. www.answersingenesis.org/arj/v4/ancient-egyptian-chronology-genesis.pdf Ancient Egyptian Chronology and the Book of Genesis Matt McClellan, [email protected] Abstract One of the most popular topics among young earth creationists and apologists is the relationship of the Bible with Ancient Egyptian chronology. Whether it concerns who the pharaoh of the Exodus was, the background of Joseph, or the identity of Shishak, many Christians (and non-Christians) have wondered how these two topics fit together. This paper deals with the question, “How does ancient Egyptian chronology correlate with the book of Genesis?” In answering this question it begins with an analysis of every Egyptian dynasty starting with the 12th Dynasty (this is where David Down places Moses) and goes back all the way to the so called “Dynasty 0.” After all the data is presented, this paper will look at the different possibilities that can be constructed concerning how long each of these dynasties lasted and how they relate to the biblical dates of the Great Flood, the Tower of Babel, and the Patriarchs. Keywords: Egypt, pharaoh, Patriarchs, chronology, Abraham, Joseph Introduction Kingdom) need to be revised. This is important During the past century some scholars have when considering the relationship between Egyptian proposed new ways of dating the events of ancient history and the Tower of Babel. The traditional dating history before c. 700 BC.1 In 1991 a book entitled of Ancient Egyptian chronology places its earliest Centuries of Darkness by Peter James and four of dynasties before the biblical dates of the Flood and his colleagues shook the very foundations of ancient confusion of the languages at Babel. -
Davoli the Temple of Soknopaios and Isis Nepherses at Soknopaiou Nesos (El-Fayyum) 51-68
Université Paul Valéry (Montpellier III) – CNRS UMR 5140 « Archéologie des Sociétés Méditerranéennes » Équipe « Égypte Nilotique et Méditerranéenne » (ENiM) CENiM 9 Cahiers de l’ENiM Le myrte et la rose Mélanges offerts à Françoise Dunand par ses élèves, collègues et amis Réunis par Gaëlle Tallet et Christiane Zivie-Coche * Montpellier, 2014 © Équipe « Égypte Nilotique et Méditerranéenne » de l’UMR 5140, « Archéologie des Sociétés Méditerranéennes » (Cnrs – Université Paul Valéry – Montpellier III), Montpellier, 2014 Françoise Dunand à sa table de travail, à l’Institut d’histoire des religions de l’Université de Strasbourg, dans les années 1980 (d. r.). TABLE DES MATIÈRES Volume 1 Table des matières I-III Abréviations bibliographiques V-VIII Liste des contributeurs IX Introduction Gaëlle Tallet et Christiane Zivie-Coche D’une autre rive. Entretiens avec Françoise Dunand XI-XIX Gaëlle Tallet Bibliographie de Françoise Dunand XXI-XXVII I. La société égyptienne au prisme de la papyrologie Adam Bülow-Jacobsen Texts and Textiles on Mons Claudianus 3-7 Hélène Cuvigny « Le blé pour les Juifs » (O.Ka.La. Inv. 228) 9-14 Arietta Papaconstantinou Egyptians and ‘Hellenists’ : linguistic diversity in the early Pachomian monasteries 15-21 Jean A. Straus Esclaves malfaiteurs dans l'Égypte romaine 23-31 II. Le ‘cercle isiaque’ Corinne Bonnet Stratégies d’intégration des cultes isiaques et du culte des Lagides dans la région de Tyr à l’époque hellénistique 35-40 Laurent Bricault Les Sarapiastes 41-49 Paola Davoli The Temple of Soknopaios and Isis Nepherses at Soknopaiou Nesos (El-Fayyum) 51-68 Michel Reddé Du Rhin au Nil. Quelques remarques sur le culte de Sarapis dans l’armée romaine 69-75 III.