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Pt. 1918 29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–11 Edition)

Every four years after initial OSHA accredited agency or 125% SWL proof load test. designated person. B. All Special Cargo Handling Gear in Use Prior to January 21, 1998 1. Any Safe Every four years starting on OSHA accredited agency or Up to 20 short Working January 21, 1998. designated person. tons. Load. Prior to initial use or prior to OSHA accredited agency From 20 to 50 5 short tons in reuse after structural dam- short tons excess of age repair SWL Over 50 short 110% SWL tons 2. Intermodal Every four years starting on OSHA accredited agency or container January 21, 1998 designated person spreaders not part of ship’s gear. Prior to initial use or prior to OSHA accredited agency 125% SWL reuse after structural damage repair

[65 FR 40943, June 30, 2000] Subpart E—Opening and Closing Hatches 1918.41 Coaming clearances. PART 1918—SAFETY AND HEALTH 1918.42 Hatch beam and pontoon bridles. REGULATIONS FOR LONGSHORING 1918.43 Handling hatch beams and covers.

Subpart A—General Provisions Subpart F—Vessel’s Cargo Handling Gear

Sec. 1918.51 General requirements (See also § 1918.11 and appendix III of this part). 1918.1 Scope and application. 1918.52 Specific requirements. 1918.2 Definitions. 1918.53 Cargo winches. 1918.3 Incorporation by reference 1918.54 Rigging gear. 1918.4 OMB control numbers under the Pa- 1918.55 Cranes (See also § 1918.11). perwork Reduction Act. 1918.5 Compliance duties owed to each em- Subpart G—Cargo Handling Gear and ployee. Equipment Other Than Ship’s Gear Subpart B—Gear Certification 1918.61 General (See also appendix IV of this part). 1918.11 Gear certification (See also §§ 1918.2, 1918.62 Miscellaneous auxiliary gear. definition of ‘‘Vessel’s cargo handling 1918.63 Chutes, gravity conveyors and roll- gear’’ and 1918.51). ers. 1918.64 Powered conveyors. Subpart C—Gangways and Other Means 1918.65 Mechanically-powered vehicles used of Access aboard vessels. 1918.66 Cranes and derricks other than ves- 1918.21 General requirements. sel’s gear. 1918.22 Gangways. 1918.67 Notifying ship’s officers before using 1918.23 Jacob’s ladders. certain equipment. 1918.24 Fixed and portable ladders. 1918.68 Grounding. 1918.25 Bridge plates and ramps (See also 1918.69 Tools. § 1918.86). 1918.70–1918.80 [Reserved] 1918.26 Access to barges and river towboats. Subpart H—Handling Cargo Subpart D—Working Surfaces 1918.81 Slinging. 1918.82 Building drafts. 1918.31 Hatch coverings. 1918.83 Stowed cargo; tiering and breaking 1918.32 Stowed cargo and temporary landing down. surfaces. 1918.84 Bulling cargo. 1918.33 Deck loads. 1918.85 Containerized cargo operations. 1918.34 Other decks. 1918.86 Roll-on roll-off (Ro-Ro) operations 1918.35 Open hatches. (see also § 1918.2, Ro-Ro operations, and 1918.36 Weather deck rails. § 1918.25). 1918.37 Barges. 1918.87 Ship’s cargo elevators.

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1918.88 Log operations. AUTHORITY: 33 U.S.C. 941; 29 U.S.C. 653, 655, 1918.89 Handling hazardous cargo (See also 657; Secretary of Labor’s Order No. 12–71 (36 § 1918.2 and § 1918.99). FR 8754), 8–76 (41 FR 25059), 9–83 (48 FR 35736), 1–90 (55 FR 9033), 6–96 (62 FR 111), 3–2000 (65 Subpart I—General Working Conditions FR 50017), 5–2002 (67 FR 65008), 5–2007 (72 FR 31160), or 4–2010 (75 FR 55355), as applicable; 1918.90 Hazard communication. and 29 CFR 1911. 1918.91 Housekeeping. Section 1918.90 also issued under 5 U.S.C. 1918.92 Illumination. 553. 1918.93 Hazardous atmospheres and sub- Section 1918.100 also issued under 49 U.S.C. stances (See also § 1918.2). 1801–1819 and 5 U.S.C. 553. 1918.94 Ventilation and atmospheric condi- SOURCE: 62 FR 40202, July 25, 1997, unless tions (See also § 1918.2, definitions of Haz- otherwise noted. ardous cargo, materials, substance or atmosphere and Ro-Ro operations). 1918.95 Sanitation. Subpart A—General Provisions 1918.96 Maintenance and repair work in the vicinity of longshoring operations. § 1918.1 Scope and application. 1918.97 First aid and lifesaving facilities. (a) The regulations of this part apply (See appendix V of this part). to longshoring operations and related 1918.98 Qualifications of machinery operators and supervisory training. employments aboard vessels. All cargo 1918.99 Retention of DOT markings, plac- transfer accomplished with the use of ards and labels. shore-based material handling devices 1918.100 Emergency action plans. is covered by part 1917 of this chapter. (b) Part 1910 of this chapter does not Subpart J—Personal Protective Equipment apply to longshoring except for the following provisions: 1918.101 Eye and face protection. 1918.102 Respiratory protection. (1) Access to employee exposure and 1918.103 Head protection. medical records. Subpart Z, § 1910.1020; 1918.104 Foot protection. (2) Commercial diving operations. Sub- 1918.105 Other protective measures. part T; 1918.106 Payment for protective equipment. (3) Electrical. Subpart S when shore- APPENDIX I TO PART 1918—CARGO GEAR REG- based electrical installations provide ISTER AND CERTIFICATES (NON-MANDA- power for use aboard vessels; TORY) (4) Hazard communication. Subpart Z, APPENDIX II TO PART 1918—TABLES FOR SE- § 1910.1200; LECTED MISCELLANEOUS AUXILIARY GEAR (5) Ionizing radiation. Subpart Z, (MANDATORY) § 1910.1096; APPENDIX III TO PART 1918—THE MECHANICS (6) Noise. Subpart G, § 1910.95; OF CONVENTIONAL CARGO GEAR (NON-MAN- (7) Nonionizing radiation. Subpart G, DATORY) APPENDIX IV TO PART 1918—SPECIAL CARGO § 1910.97; GEAR AND CONTAINER SPREADER TEST RE- NOTE TO PARAGRAPH (b)(7): Exposures to QUIREMENTS (MANDATORY) [SEE § 1918.61 nonionizing radiation emissions from com- (f), (g), (h)] mercial vessel radar transmitters are consid- APPENDIX V TO PART 1918—BASIC ELEMENTS ered hazardous under the following situa- OF A FIRST AID TRAINING PROGRAM (NON- tions: (a) Where the radar is transmitting, MANDATORY) the scanner is stationary, and the exposure AUTHORITY: Section 41, Longshore and Har- distance is 19 feet (5.79 m) or less; or (b) bor Workers’ Compensation Act (33 U.S.C. where the radar is transmitting, the scanner 941); Sections 4, 6, and 8 of the Occupational is rotating, and the exposure distance is 5 Safety and Health Act of 1970 (29 U.S.C. 653, feet (1.52 m.) or less. 655, 657); Secretary of Labor’s Orders 12–71 (36 (8) Respiratory protection. Subpart I, FR 8754), 8–76 (41 FR 25059), 9–83 (48 FR 35736), § 1910.134; 1–90 (55 FR 9033), 6–96 (62 FR 111), 3–2000 (65 FR 50017), 5–2002 (67 FR 65008), or 5–2007 (72 (9) Toxic and hazardous substances. FR 31160), as applicable; and 29 CFR part Subpart Z applies to marine cargo han- 1911. dling activities except for the following: EFFECTIVE DATE NOTE: At 76 FR 33610, June 8, 2011, the authority citation was revised, ef- (i) When a substance or cargo is con- fective July 8, 2011. For the convenience of tained within a sealed, intact means of the user, the revised text is set forth as fol- packaging or containment complying lows: with Department of Transportation or

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International Maritime Organization Dockboards (car and bridge plates) requirements;1 mean devices for spanning short dis- (ii) Bloodborne pathogens, § 1910.1030; tances between, for example, two (iii) Carbon monoxide, § 1910.1000 (See barges, that is not higher than four § 1918.94(a)); and feet (1.22m) above the water or next (iv) Hydrogen sulfide, § 1910.1000 (See lower level. § 1918.94(f)); and Employee means any longshore work- (v) Hexavalent chromium § 1910.1026 er or other person engaged in (See § 1915.1026) longshoring operations or related em- (10) Powered industrial truck oper- ployments other than the master, ator training, Subpart N, § 1910.178(l). ship’s officers, crew of the vessel, or NOTE TO PARAGRAPH (b)(10): The Compli- any person engaged by the master to ance dates of December 1, 1999 set forth in 29 load or unload any vessel of less than CFR 1910.178(l)(7) are stayed until March 1, 18 net tons. 2000 for Longshoring. Employer means a person that em- (c) Section 1915.1026 applies to any ploys employees in longshoring oper- occupational exposures to hexavalent ations or related employments, as de- chromium in workplaces covered by fined in this section. this part. Enclosed space means an interior [62 FR 40202, July 25, 1997, as amended at 63 space in or on a vessel that may con- FR 66274, Dec. 1, 1998; 64 FR 46847, Aug. 27, tain or accumulate a hazardous atmos- 1999; 65 FR 40943, June 30, 2000; 71 FR 10381, phere due to inadequate natural ven- Feb. 28, 2006] tilation. Examples of enclosed spaces are holds, deep tanks and refrigerated § 1918.2 Definitions. compartments. Barge means an unpowered, Fall hazard means the following situ- flatbottomed, shallow draft vessel in- ations: cluding river barges, scows, carfloats, (1) Whenever employees are working and lighters. It does not include ship within three feet (.91 m) of the unpro- shaped or deep draft barges. tected edge of a work surface that is 8 Bulling means the horizontal drag- feet or more (2.44 m) above the adjoin- ging of cargo across a surface with ing surface and twelve inches (.3 m) or none of the weight of the cargo sup- more, horizontally, from the adjacent ported by the fall. surface; or Danger zone means any place in or (2) Whenever weather conditions may about a machine or piece of equipment impair the vision or sound footing of where an employee may be struck by employees working on top of con- or caught between moving parts, tainers. caught between moving and stationary Fumigant is a substance or mixture of objects or parts of the machine, caught substances, used to kill pests or pre- between the material and a moving vent infestation, that is a gas or is rap- part of the machine, burned by hot sur- idly or progressively transformed to faces or exposed to electric shock. Ex- the gaseous state, although some non- amples of danger zones are nip and gaseous or particulate matter may re- shear points, shear lines, drive mecha- main and be dispersed in the treatment nisms, and areas underneath counter- space. weights. Gangway means any ramp-like or Designated person means a person who stair-like means of access provided to possesses specialized abilities in a spe- enable personnel to board or leave a cific area and is assigned by the em- vessel, including accommodation lad- ployer to do a specific task in that ders, gangplanks and brows. area. Hatch beam or strongback mean a portable transverse or longitudinal 1 The International Maritime Organization beam placed across a hatchway that publishes the International Maritime Dan- acts as a bearer to support the hatch gerous Goods Code to aid compliance with the international legal requirements of the covers. International Convention for the Safety of Hazardous cargo, materials, substance Life at Sea, 1960. or atmosphere means:

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(1) Any substance listed in 29 CFR across openings not covered under the part 1910, subpart Z; term dockboards. (2) Any material in the Hazardous Related employments means any em- Materials Table and Hazardous Mate- ployments performed incidental to or rials Communications Regulations of in conjunction with longshoring oper- the Department of Transportation, 49 ations, including, but not restricted to, CFR part 172; securing cargo, rigging, and employ- (3) Any article not properly described ment as a porter, clerk, checker, or se- by a name in the Hazardous Materials curity officer. Table and Hazardous Materials Com- River towboat means a shallow draft, munication Regulations of the Depart- low freeboard, self-propelled vessel de- ment of Transportation, 49 CFR part signed to tow river barges by pushing 172, but which is properly classified ahead. It does not include other towing under the definitions of those cat- vessels. egories of dangerous articles given in Ro-Ro operations are those cargo han- 49 CFR part 173; or dling and related operations, such as (4) Any atmosphere with an oxygen lashing, that occur on Ro-Ro vessels, content of less than 19.5 percent or which are vessels whose cargo is driven greater than 23 percent. on or off the vessel by way of ramps Intermodal container means a reusable and moved within the vessel by way of cargo container of a rigid construction ramps and/or elevators. and rectangular configuration; fitted Small trimming hatch means a small with devices permitting its ready han- hatch or opening, pierced in the be- dling, particularly its transfer from tween deck or other intermediate deck one mode of transport to another; so of a vessel, and intended for the trim- designed to be readily filled and ming of dry bulk cargoes. It does not emptied; intended to contain one or refer to the large hatchways through more articles of cargo or bulk commod- which cargo is normally handled. ities for transportation by water and Vessel includes every description of one or more other transport modes. watercraft or other artificial contriv- The term includes completely enclosed ance used or capable of being used for units, open top units, fractional height transportation on water, including spe- units, units incorporating liquid or gas cial purpose floating structures not tanks and other variations fitting into primarily designed for or used for the container system. It does not in- transportation on water. clude cylinders, drums, crates, cases, Vessel’s cargo handling gear includes cartons, packages, sacks, unitized that gear that is a permanent part of loads or any other form of packaging. the vessel’s equipment and used for the Longshoring operations means the handling of cargo other than bulk liq- loading, unloading, moving or handling uids. The term covers all stationary or of cargo, ship’s stores, gear, or any mobile cargo handling appliances used other materials, into, in, on, or out of on board ship for suspending, raising or any vessel. lowering loads or moving them from Mississippi River System includes the one position to another while sus- Mississippi River from the head of pended or supported. This includes, but navigation to its mouth, and navigable is not limited to, cargo elevators, fork- tributaries including the Illinois Wa- lifts, and other powered industrial terway, Missouri River, Ohio River, equipment. It does not include gear Tennessee River, Allegheny River, used only for handling or holding Cumberland River, Green River, hoses, handling ship’s stores or han- Kanawha River, Monongahela River, dling the gangway, or boom conveyor and such others to which barge oper- belt systems for the self-unloading of ations extend. bulk cargo vessels. Public vessel means a vessel owned [62 FR 40202, July 25, 1997, as amended at 65 and operated by a government and not FR 40944, June 30, 2000] regularly employed in merchant serv- EFFECTIVE DATE NOTE: At 76 FR 33610, June ice. 8, 2011, § 1918.3 was amended by adding a defi- Ramp means other flat surface de- nition for the term ‘‘Ship’s stores’’ in alpha- vices for passage between levels and betical order, effective July 8, 2011. For the

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convenience of the user, the added text is set For information on the availability of forth as follows: this material at NARA, telephone: 202– § 1918.2 Definitions. 741–6030, or go to http:/www.archives.gov/ federallregister/ codeloflfederallregulations/ * * * * * ibrllocations.html. Also, the standards Ship’s stores means materials that are are available for inspection at any Re- aboard a vessel for the upkeep, maintenance, gional Office of the Occupational Safe- safety, operation, or navigation of the vessel, or for the safety or comfort of the vessel’s ty and Health Administration (OSHA), passengers or crew. or at the OSHA Docket Office, U.S. De- partment of Labor, 200 Constitution * * * * * Avenue, NW., Room N–2625, Wash- ington, DC 20210; telephone: 202–693–2350 § 1918.3 Incorporation by reference. (TTY number: 877–889–5627). (a) (1) The standards of agencies of (b) Except as noted, copies of the the U.S. Government, and organiza- standards listed below in this para- tions which are not agencies of the graph are available for purchase from U.S. Government which are incor- the American National Standards In- porated by reference in this part, have stitute (ANSI), 25 West 43rd Street, 4th the same force and effect as other Floor, New York, NY 10036; telephone: standards in this part. Only the manda- 212–642–4900; fax: 212–398–0023; Web site: tory provisions (i.e. provisions con- (1) ANSI A14.1–1990, Safety Require- taining the word ‘‘shall’’ or other man- ments for Portable Wood Ladders; IBR datory language) of standards incor- approved for § 1918.24(g)(1). porated by reference are adopted as (2) ANSI A14.2–1990, Safety Require- standards under the Occupational Safe- ments for Portable Metal Ladders; IBR ty and Health Act. approved for § 1918.24(g)(2). (2) The standards listed in paragraph (3) ANSI A14.5–1992, Safety Require- (b) of this section are incorporated by ments for Portable Reinforced Plastic reference in the corresponding sections Ladders; IBR approved for noted as the sections exist on the date § 1918.24(g)(3). of the approval, and a notice of any (4) ANSI Z41–1999, American National change in these standards will be pub- Standard for Personal Protection—Pro- lished in the FEDERAL REGISTER. The tective Footwear; IBR approved for Director of the Federal Register ap- § 1918.104(b)(1)(ii). Copies of ANSI Z41– proved these incorporations by ref- 1999 are available for purchase only erence in accordance with 5 U.S.C. from the National Safety Council, P.O. 552(a) and 1 CFR part 51. Box 558, Itasca, IL 60143–0558; tele- (3) Any changes in the standards in- phone: 1–800–621–7619; fax: 708–285–0797; corporated by reference in this part Web site: http://www.nsc.org. and an official historic file of such changes are available for inspection in (5) ANSI Z41–1991, American National the Docket Office at the national office Standard for Personal Protection—Pro- of the Occupational Safety and Health tective Footwear; IBR approved for Administration, U.S. Department of § 1918.104(b)(1)(iii). Copies of ANSI Z41– Labor, Washington, DC 20910; tele- 1991 are available for purchase only phone: 202–693–2350 (TTY number: 877– from the National Safety Council, P.O. 889–5627). Box 558, Itasca, IL 60143–0558; tele- (4) Copies of standards listed in this phone: 1–800–621–7619; fax: 708–285–0797; section and issued by private standards Web site: http://www.nsc.org. organizations are available for pur- (6) ANSI Z87.1–2003, American Na- chase from the issuing organizations at tional Standard Practice for Occupa- the addresses or through the other con- tional and Educational Eye and Face tact information listed below for these Protection; IBR approved for private standards organizations. In ad- § 1918.101(a)(1)(i)(A). Copies of ANSI dition, these standards are available Z87.1–2003 are available for purchase for inspection at the National Archives only from the American Society of and Records Administration (NARA). Safety Engineers, 1800 East Oakton

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Street, Des Plaines, IL 60018–2187; tele- 610–832–9555; e-mail: seviceastm.org; Web phone: 847–699–2929; or from the Inter- site: http://www.astm.org. national Safety Equipment Association (1) ASTM F–2412–2005, Standard Test (ISEA), 1901 North Moore Street, Ar- Methods for Foot Protection; IBR ap- lington, VA 22209–1762; telephone: 703– proved for § 1917.94(b)(1)(i). 525–1695; fax: 703–528–2148; Web site: (2) ASTM F–2413–2005, Standard Spec- http://www.safetyequipment.org. ification for Performance Require- (7) ANSI Z87.1–1989 (R–1998), Amer- ments for Protective Footwear; IBR ican National Standard Practice for approved for § 1917.94(b)(1)(i). Occupational and Educational Eye and [62 FR 40202, July 25, 1997, as amended at 69 Face Protection; IBR approved for FR 18803, Apr. 9, 2004; 74 FR 46360, Sept. 9, § 1918.101(a)(1)(i)(B). Copies of ANSI 2009] Z87.1–1989 (R1998) are available for purchase only from the American Society § 1918.4 OMB control numbers under of Safety Engineers, 1800 East Oakton the Paperwork Reduction Act. Street, Des Plaines, IL 60018–2187; tele- The following list identifies the 29 phone: 847–699–2929. CFR citations for sections or para- (8) ANSI Z87.1–1989, American Na- graphs in this part that contain a col- tional Standard Practice for Occupa- lection of information requirement ap- tional and Educational Eye and Face proved by the Office of Management Protection; IBR approved for and Budget (OMB). The list also pro- § 1918.101(a)(1)(i)(C). Copies of ANSI vides the control number assigned by Z87.1–1989 are available for purchase OMB to each approved requirement; only from the American Society of control number 1218–0196 expires on Safety Engineers, 1800 East Oakton May 31, 2002 and control number 1218– Street, Des Plaines, IL 60018–2187; tele- 0003 expires on July 31, 2001. The list phone: 847–699–2929. follows: (9) ANSI Z89.1–2003, American Na- OMB control tional Standard for Industrial Head 29 CFR citation No. Protection; IBR approved for § 1918.103(b)(1)(i). Copies of ANSI Z89.1– 1918.22(g) ...... 1218–0196 1918.24(i)(1) ...... 1218–0196 2003 are available for purchase only 1918.61(b)(2) ...... 1218–0196 from the International Safety Equip- 1918.61(c) ...... 1218–0196 ment Association, 1901 North Moore 1918.61(f)(1) ...... 1218–0003 1918.61(f)(2) ...... 1218–0003 Street, Arlington, VA 22209–1762; tele- 1918.61(g) ...... 1218–0003 phone: 703–525–1695; fax: 703–528–2148; 1918.61(h) ...... 1218–0003 Web site: http:// 1918.61(i) ...... 1218–0003 www.safetyequipment.org. 1918.62(b)(1) ...... 1218–0196 1918.62(b)(5) ...... 1218–0196 (10) ANSI Z89.1–1997, American Na- 1918.62(c)(1) ...... 1218–0196 tional Standard for Industrial Head 1918.62(d)(1) ...... 1218–0196 Protection; IBR approved for 1918.62(g)(3) ...... 1218–0196 1918.62(g)(4) ...... 1218–0196 § 1918.103(b)(1)(ii). Copies of ANSI Z89.1– 1918.62(h)(1) ...... 1218–0196 1997 are available for purchase only 1918.62(h)(3)(ii) ...... 1218–0196 from the International Safety Equip- 1918.62(h)(4) ...... 1218–0196 1918.64(k)(1) ...... 1218–0196 ment Association, 1901 North Moore 1918.64(k)(2) ...... 1218–0196 Street, Arlington, VA 22209–1762; tele- 1918.65(b)(1) ...... 1218–0196 phone: 703–525–1695; fax: 703–528–2148; 1918.66(a)(2) ...... 1218–0196 1918.66(a)(8) ...... 1218–0196 Web site: http:// 1918.66(a)(9) ...... 1218–0196 www.safetyequipment.org. 1918.66(a)(11) ...... 1218–0196 (11) ANSI Z89.1–1986, American Na- 1918.66(a)(15) ...... 1218–0196 1918.66(d)(2) ...... 1218–0196 tional Standard for Personnel Protec- 1918.66(d)(4) ...... 1218–0196 tion—Protective Headwear for Indus- 1918.66(f)(1)(v) ...... 1218–0196 trial Workers—Requirements; IBR ap- 1918.85(a) ...... 1218–0196 proved for § 1918.103(b)(1)(iii). 1918.85(b)(4)(ii) ...... 1218–0196 1918.85(k)(13) ...... 1218–0196 (c) Copies of the following standards 1918.86(b) ...... 1218–0196 are available for purchase from ASTM 1918.86(e) ...... 1218–0196 International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, 1918.86(g) ...... 1218–0196 1918.86(h) ...... 1218–0196 P.O. Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 1918.93(b) ...... 1218–0196 19428–2959; telephone: 610–832–9585; fax: 1918.93(d)(4) ...... 1218–0196

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and heat treated by or under the super- 29 CFR citation OMB control No. vision of persons or organizations de- 1918.94(c) ...... 1218–0196 fined as competent to make register 1918.96(e)(2) ...... 1218–0196 entries and issue certificates pursuant 1918.97(d)(7) ...... 1218–0196 to paragraphs (b) and (c) of this sec- 1918.100(a) ...... 1218–0196 1918.100(e)(3) ...... 1218–0196 tion. (1) Annual thorough examinations under ILO 152 are required after July [64 FR 61506, Nov. 12, 1999] 27, 1998. § 1918.5 Compliance duties owed to (2) Testing under ILO 152 is required each employee. after July 16, 2001. (a) Personal protective equipment. (3) In the interim period(s), prior to Standards in this part requiring the the effective dates noted in paragraph employer to provide personal protec- (a) (1) and (2), vessels with cargo gear tive equipment (PPE), including res- and a cargo gear register according to pirators and other types of PPE, be- ILO 32 are deemed to meet the require- cause of hazards to employees impose a ments of this paragraph (a). separate compliance duty with respect (b) Public vessels and vessels holding to each employee covered by the re- a valid Certificate of Inspection issued quirement. The employer must provide by the U.S. Coast Guard pursuant to 46 PPE to each employee required to use CFR part 91 are deemed to meet the re- the PPE, and each failure to provide quirements of paragraph (a) of this sec- PPE to an employee may be considered tion. a separate violation. (c) With respect to U.S. vessels not (b) Training. Standards in this part holding a valid Certificate of Inspec- requiring training on hazards and re- tion issued by the U.S. Coast Guard, lated matters, such as standards re- entries in the registers and the quiring that employees receive train- issuance of certificates required by ing or that the employer train employ- paragraph (a) of this section shall be ees, provide training to employees, or made only by competent persons cur- institute or implement a training pro- rently accredited by the U.S. Depart- gram, impose a separate compliance ment of Labor (OSHA) for full function duty with respect to each employee vessels or loose gear and wire rope test- covered by the requirement. The em- ing, as appropriate, as provided in part ployer must train each affected em- 1919 of this chapter. ployee in the manner required by the (d) With respect to vessels under for- standard, and each failure to train an eign registries, persons or organiza- employee may be considered a separate tions competent to make entries in the violation. registers and issue the certificates required by paragraph (a) of this section [73 FR 75588, Dec. 12, 2008] shall be: (1) Those acceptable as such to any Subpart B—Gear Certification foreign nation; (2) Those acceptable to the Com- § 1918.11 Gear certification (See also §§ 1918.2, definition of ‘‘Vessel’s mandant of the U.S. Coast Guard; or cargo handling gear’’ and 1918.51). (3) Those currently accredited by the U.S. Department of Labor (OSHA), for (a) The employer shall not use the full function vessels or loose gear and vessel’s cargo handling gear until it wire rope testing, as appropriate and as has been ascertained that the vessel provided in part 1919 of this chapter. has a current and valid cargo gear register and certificates that in form and content are in accordance with the rec- Subpart C—Gangways and Other ommendations of the International Means of Access Labor Office, as set forth in appendix I of this part, and as provided by Inter- § 1918.21 General requirements. national Labor Organization Conven- The employer shall not permit em- tion No. 152, and that shows that the ployees to board or leave any vessel, cargo gear has been tested, examined except a barge or river towboat, until

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all of the applicable requirements of duckboards shall be laid over and se- this subpart have been met. cured to the ladder. (a) If possible, the vessel’s means of (e) When the gangway overhangs the access shall be located so that sus- water so that there is danger of em- pended loads do not pass over it. In any ployees falling between the ship and event, suspended loads shall not be the dock, a net or suitable protection passed over the means of access while shall be provided to prevent employees employees or others are on it. from receiving serious injury from falls (b) When the upper end of the means to a lower level. of access rests on or is flush with the (f) If the foot of a gangway is more top of the bulwark, substantial steps, than one foot (.30 m) away from the properly secured, trimmed and edge of the apron, the space between equipped with at least one substantial them shall be bridged by a firm walk- handrail, 33 inches (.84 m) in height, way equipped with a hand rail with a shall be provided between the top of minimum height of approximately 33 the bulwark and the deck. inches (.84 m) with midrails on both (c) The means of access shall be illu- sides. minated for its full length in accord- (g) Gangways shall be kept clear of ance with § 1918.92. 2 supporting bridles and other obstructions, to provide unobstructed passage. § 1918.22 Gangways. If, because of design, the gangway bridle cannot be moved to provide unob- (a) Whenever practicable, a gangway structed passage, then the hazard shall of not less than 20 inches (.51 m) in be properly marked to alert employees width, of adequate strength, main- of the danger. tained in safe repair and safely secured (h) Obstructions shall not be laid on shall be used. If a gangway is not prac- or across the gangway. ticable, a straight ladder meeting the (i) Handrails and walking surfaces of requirements of § 1918.24 that extends gangways shall be maintained in a safe at least 36 inches (.91 m) above the condition to prevent employees from upper landing surface and is secured slipping or falling. against shifting or slipping shall be (j) Gangways on vessels inspected and provided. When conditions are such certificated by the U.S. Coast Guard that neither a gangway nor straight are deemed to meet the requirements ladder can be used, a Jacob’s ladder of this section. meeting the requirements of § 1918.23 may be used. § 1918.23 Jacob’s ladders. (b) Each side of the gangway, and the (a) Jacob’s ladders shall be of the turntable, if used, shall have a hand double rung or flat tread type. They rail with a minimum height of 33 shall be well maintained and properly inches (.84 m) measured perpendicu- secured. larly from rail to walking surfaces at (b) A Jacob’s ladder shall either hang the stanchion, with a midrail. Rails without slack from its lashings or be shall be of wood, pipe, chain, wire, rope pulled up entirely. or materials of equivalent strength and (c) When a Jacob’s ladder is used as shall be kept taut always. Portable the means of access to a barge being stanchions supporting railings shall be worked, spacers (bumpers) shall be supported or secured to prevent acci- hung between the vessel, barge, or dental dislodgement. other structure to which the barge is (c) The gangway shall be kept prop- tied alongside, or other equally effec- erly trimmed. tive means shall be provided to prevent (d) When a fixed flat tread accommo- damage to the bottom rungs of the lad- dation ladder is used, and the angle is der. low enough to require employees to (d) When a Jacob’s ladder is being walk on the edge of the treads, cleated used so that there is a danger of an employee falling or being crushed between 2 § 1918.92 requires, along with other re- the vessel, barge, or other structure quirements, an average light intensity of (pier), suitable protection shall be pro- five foot-candles (54 lux). vided.

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§ 1918.24 Fixed and portable ladders. ble-rung ladder (two side rails and a (a) There shall be at least one safe center rail) shall extend the full width and accessible ladder for each gang of the ladder. working in a single hatch. An effective (4) Width between side rails at the means of gaining a handhold shall be base of the ladder shall be at least 12 provided at or near the head of each inches (30.48 cm) for ladders 10 feet (3.05 vertical fixed ladder. No more than two m) or less in overall length, and shall ladders are required in any hatch re- increase at least one-fourth inch (0.64 gardless of the number of gangs cm) for each additional two feet (0.61 present. m) of ladder length. (b) When any fixed ladder is visibly (g) Portable manufactured ladders unsafe (or known to be unsafe), the em- obtained after January 21, 1998 shall ployer shall identify such ladder and bear identification showing that they prohibit its use by employees. meet the appropriate ladder construc- (c) Where portable straight ladders tion requirements of the following are used, they shall be of sufficient standards: length to extend three feet (.91 m) (1) ANSI A14.1–1990, Safety Require- above the upper landing surface, and be ments for Portable Wood Ladders; positively secured or held against shift- (2) ANSI A14.2–1990, Safety Require- ing or slipping. When conditions are ments for Portable Metal Ladders; such that a straight ladder cannot be (3) ANSI A14.5–1992, Safety Require- used, Jacob’s ladders meeting the re- ments for Portable Reinforced Plastic quirements of § 1918.23 may be used. Ladders. (d) For vessels built after July 16, (h) Job-made ladders shall: 2001, when six inches (15.24 cm) or more (1) Have a uniform distance between clearance does not exist behind the rungs of at least 12 inches (30.48cm) rungs of a fixed ladder, the ladder shall center to center; be deemed ‘‘unsafe’’ for the purposes of (2) Be capable of supporting a 250- this section. Alternate means of access pound (1,112 N) load without deforma- (for example, a portable ladder) must tion; and be used. (3) Have a minimum width between (e)(1) Where access to or from a side rails of 12 inches (30.48 cm) for lad- stowed deckload or other cargo is need- ders 10 feet (3.05 m) or less in height. ed and no other safe means is available, Width between rails shall increase at ladders or steps of adequate strength least one-fourth inch (0.64 cm) for each shall be furnished and positively se- additional two feet (0.61 m) of ladder cured or held against shifting or slip- length. ping while in use. Steps formed by the (i) The employer shall: cargo itself are acceptable when the (1) Maintain portable ladders in safe employer demonstrates that the nature condition. Ladders with the following of the cargo and the type of stowage defects shall not be used, and shall ei- provides equivalent safe access. ther be tagged as unusable if kept on (2) Where portable straight ladders board, or shall be removed from the are used they shall be of sufficient vessel: length to extend at least three feet (.91 (i) Broken, split or missing rungs, m) above the upper landing surface. cleats or steps; (f) The following standards for exist- (ii) Broken or split side rails; ing manufactured portable ladders (iii) Missing or loose bolts, rivets or must be met: fastenings; (1) Rungs of manufactured portable (iv) Defective ropes; or ladders obtained before January 21, (v) Any other structural defect. 1998 shall be capable of supporting a (2) Ladders shall be inspected for de- 200-pound (890 N) load without deforma- fects before each day’s use, and after tion. any occurrence, such as a fall, which (2) Rungs shall be evenly spaced from could damage the ladder. nine to sixteen and one-half inches (22.9 (j) Ladders shall be used in the fol- to 41.9 cm), center to center. lowing manner: (3) Rungs shall be continuous mem- (1) Ladders shall be securely posi- bers between rails. Each rung of a dou- tioned on a level and firm base.

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(2) Ladders shall be fitted with slip- the slope is more than 20 degrees to the resistant bases and/or be positively se- horizontal or if employees could fall cured or held in place to prevent slip- more than four feet (1.22 m); ping or shifting while in use. (3) Be equipped with a slip resistant (3) Except for combination ladders, surface; self-supporting ladders shall not be (4) Be properly secured; and used as single straight ladders. (5) Be designed, constructed, and (4) Unless intended for cantilever op- maintained to prevent vehicles from eration, non-self-supporting ladders running off the edge. 4 shall not be used to climb above the top support point. [62 FR 40202, July 25, 1997, as amended at 65 (5) Ladders shall not be used: FR 40944, June 30, 2000] (i) As guys, braces or skids; or (ii) As platforms, runways or scaf- § 1918.26 Access to barges and river towboats. folds. (6) Metal and wire-reinforced ladders (a) With the exception of (even with wooden side rails) shall not § 1918.25(b)(2), ramps used solely for ve- be used when employees on the ladder hicle access to or between barges shall might contact energized electrical con- meet the requirements of § 1918.25. ductors. (b) When employees cannot step safe- (7) Individual sections from different ly to or from the wharf and a float, multi-sectional ladders or two or more barge, or river towboat, either a ramp single straight ladders shall not be tied meeting the requirements of paragraph or fastened together to achieve addi- (a) of this section or a safe walkway tional length. meeting the requirements of § 1918.22(f) (8) Single rail ladders (i.e. made by shall be provided. When a ramp or fastening rungs or devices across a sin- walkway cannot be used, a straight gle rail) shall not be used. ladder meeting the requirements of § 1918.24 and extending at least three [62 FR 40202, July 25, 1997, as amended at 65 FR 40944, June 30, 2000] feet (.91 m) above the upper landing surface and adequately secured or held § 1918.25 Bridge plates and ramps (See against shifting or slipping shall be also § 1918.86). provided. When neither a walkway nor (a) Bridge and car plates (dockboards). a straight ladder can be used, a Jacob’s Bridge and car plates used afloat shall ladder meeting the requirements of be well maintained and shall: § 1918.23 shall be provided. Exception: (1) Be strong enough to support the For barges operating on the Mississippi loads imposed on them; River System, where the employer (2) Be secured or equipped with de- shows that these requirements cannot vices to prevent their dislodgement; reasonably be met due to local condi- (3) Be equipped with hand holds or tions, other safe means of access shall other effective means to permit safe be provided. handling; and (c) When a barge or raft is being (4) Be designed, constructed, and worked alongside a larger vessel, a Ja- maintained to prevent vehicles from cob’s ladder meeting the requirements running off the edge. 3 of § 1918.23 shall be provided for each (b) Portable ramps. Portable ramps gang working alongside unless other used afloat shall be well maintained safe means of access is provided. How- and shall: ever, no more than two Jacob’s ladders (1) Be strong enough to support the are required for any single barge or loads imposed on them; raft being worked. (2) Be equipped with a railing meet- (d) When longshoring operations are ing the requirements of § 1918.21(b), if in progress on barges, the barges shall

3 When the gap to be bridged is greater 4 When the gap to be bridged is greater than 36 inches (.91m), an acceptalbe means of than 36 inches (.91m), an acceptable means of preventing vehicles from running off the preventing vehicles from running off the edge is a minimum side board height of two edge is a minimum side board height of two and three-quarter inches. and three-quarter inches.

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be securely made fast to the vessel, cumstances, a trapeze net shall be wharf, or dolphins. rigged at the top edge of the elevation or other means shall be taken to pre- Subpart D—Working Surfaces vent injury if an employee falls. Safety nets shall be maintained in good condi- § 1918.31 Hatch coverings. tion and be of adequate strength for (a) No cargo, dunnage, or other mate- the purpose intended. rial shall be loaded or unloaded by (c) When two gangs are working in means requiring the services of em- the same hatch on different levels, a ployees at any partially opened inter- vertical safety net shall be rigged and mediate deck unless either the hatch securely fastened to prevent employees at that deck is sufficiently covered or or cargo from falling. Safety nets shall an adequate landing area suitable for be maintained in good condition and be the prevailing conditions exists. In no of adequate strength for the purpose event shall such work be done unless intended. the working area available for such employees extends for a distance of 10 § 1918.33 Deck loads. feet (3.05 m) or more fore and aft and (a) Employees shall not be permitted athwartships. to pass over or around deck loads un- (b) Cargo shall not be landed on or less there is a safe route of passage. handled over a covered hatch or (b) Employees giving signals to crane ’tween-decks unless all hatch beams operators shall not be permitted to are in place under the hatch covers. walk over deck loads from rail to coa- (c) Missing, broken, or poorly fitting ming unless there is a safe route of pas- hatch covers that would not protect sage. If it is necessary to stand or walk employees shall be reported at once to at the outboard or inboard edge of the the officer in charge of the vessel. deck load having less than 24 inches Pending replacement or repairs by the (.61 m) of bulwark, rail, coaming, or vessel, work shall not be performed in other protection, those employees shall the section containing the unsafe cov- be provided with protection against ers or in adjacent sections unless the falling from the deck load. flooring is made safe. (d) Hatch covers and hatch beams not § 1918.34 Other decks. of uniform size shall be placed only in (a) Cargo shall not be worked on the hatch, deck, and section in which decks that were not designed to sup- they fit properly. port the load being worked. (e) Small trimming hatches in inter- (b) Grated decks shall be properly mediate decks shall be securely cov- placed, supported, maintained and de- ered or guarded while work is going on signed to support employees. in the hatch in which they are found, unless they are actually in use. § 1918.35 Open hatches. § 1918.32 Stowed cargo and temporary Open weather deck hatches around landing surfaces. which employees must work that are (a) Temporary surfaces on which not protected to a height of 24 inches loads are to be landed shall be of suffi- (.61 m) by coamings shall be guarded by cient size and strength to permit em- taut lines or barricades at a height of ployees to work safely. 36 to 42 inches (.91 to 1.07 m) above the (b) When the edge of a hatch section deck, except on the side on which cargo or of stowed cargo may constitute a is being worked. Any portable stan- fall hazard to an employee, the edge chions or uprights used shall be sup- shall be guarded by a vertical safety ported or secured to prevent accidental net, or other means providing equal dislodgement. protection, to prevent an employee from falling. When the employer can § 1918.36 Weather deck rails. demonstrate that vertical nets or other Removable weather deck rails shall equally effective means of guarding be kept in place except when cargo op- cannot be used due to the type of erations require them to be removed, cargo, cargo stowage, or other cir- in which case they shall be replaced as

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soon as such cargo operations are com- (2) For purposes of paragraph (b)(1) of pleted. this section, fitted gratings that are in good condition shall be considered a § 1918.37 Barges. part of the decking when properly (a) Walking shall be prohibited along placed within the three-foot (.91 m) the sides of covered lighters or barges area. with coamings or cargo more than five (c) Grab rails or taut handlines shall feet (1.52 m) high unless a three-foot be provided for the protection of em- (.91 m) clear walkway or a grab rail or ployees handling hatch beams and taut handline is provided. hatch covers, when bulkheads, lockers, (b) Walking or working shall be pro- reefer compartments or large spare hibited on the decks of barges to be parts are within three feet (.91 m) of loaded unless the walking or working the coaming. surfaces have been determined by vis- (d) The clearances in this section do ual inspection to be structurally sound not apply to hatches opened or closed and maintained properly. If, while dis- solely by hydraulic or other mechan- charging a barge, an unsound deck sur- ical means; except that, in all cases in face is discovered, work shall be dis- which the three-foot (.91 m) clearance continued and shall not be resumed does not exist, cargo that is stowed until means have been taken to ensure within three feet (.91 m) of the edge of a safe work surface. the hatch shall be adequately secured to prevent cargo from falling into the [62 FR 40202, July 25, 1997, as amended at 65 hold. FR 40944, June 30, 2000] [62 FR 40202, July 25, 1997, as amended at 65 FR 40944, June 30, 2000] Subpart E—Opening and Closing Hatches § 1918.42 Hatch beam and pontoon bridles. § 1918.41 Coaming clearances. (a) Hatch beam and pontoon bridles (a) Weather decks. If a deck load (such shall be: as lumber or other smooth sided deck (1) Long enough to reach the holes, cargo) more than five feet (1.52 m) high rings, or other lifting attachments on is stowed within three feet (.91 m) of the hatch beams and pontoons easily; the hatch coaming and employees han- (2) Of adequate strength to lift the dling hatch beams and hatch covers are load safely; and not protected by a coaming at least 24- (3) Properly maintained, including inch (.61 m) high, a taut handline shall covering or blunting of protruding ends be provided along the side of the in wire rope splices. deckload. The requirements of § 1918.35 (b) Bridles for lifting hatch beams are not intended to apply in this situa- shall be equipped with toggles, shack- tion. les, or hooks, or other devices of such (b) Intermediate decks. (1) There shall design that they cannot become acci- be a three-foot (.91 m) working space dentally dislodged from the hatch between the stowed cargo and the coa- beams with which they are used. Hooks ming at both sides and at one end of other than those described in this sec- the hatches with athwartship hatch tion may be used only when they are beams, and at both ends of those hatch- hooked into the standing part of the es with fore and aft hatch beams, be- bridle. Toggles, when used, shall be at fore intermediate deck hatch covers least one inch (2.54 cm) longer than and hatch beams are removed or re- twice the largest diameter of the holes placed. Exception: The three-foot (.91 into which they are placed. m) clearance is not required on the (c) Bridles used for lifting pontoons covered portion of a partially open and plugs shall have the number of legs hatch, nor is it required when lower required by the design of the pontoon decks have been filled to hatch beam or plug, and all of which shall be used. height with cargo of such a nature as Where any use of a bridle requires to provide a safe surface upon which fewer than the number of legs provided, employees may work. idle legs shall be hung on the hook or

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ring, or otherwise prevented from of strongbacks and pontoons to prevent swinging free. them from sliding when stowed on steel (d) At least two legs of all strongback decks. and pontoon bridles shall be equipped (d) Hatch covers unshipped in an in- with a lanyard at least eight feet (2.44 termediate deck shall be placed at m) long and in good condition. The bri- least three feet (.91 m) from the coa- dle end of the lanyard shall be of chain ming or they shall be removed to an- or wire. other deck. Strongbacks unshipped in [62 FR 40202, July 25, 1997, as amended at 65 an intermediate deck shall not be FR 40944, June 30, 2000] placed closer than six inches (15.24 cm) from the coaming and, if placed closer § 1918.43 Handling hatch beams and than three feet (.91 m), shall be secured covers. so that they cannot be tipped or Paragraphs (f)(2), (g), and (h) of this dragged into a lower compartment. If section apply only to folding, sliding, such placement or securement is not or hinged metal hatch covers or to possible, strongbacks shall be removed those hatch covers handled by cranes. to another deck. (a) (1) When hatch covers or pontoons (e) Any hatch beam or pontoon left in are stowed on the weather deck abreast place next to an open hatch section of hatches, they shall be arranged in being worked shall be locked or other- stable piles not closer to the hatch coa- wise secured, so that it cannot be acci- ming than three feet (.91 m). Excep- dentally displaced. All portable, manu- tion: On the working side of the hatch, ally handled hatch covers, including hatch covers or pontoons may be those bound together to make a larger spread one high between the coaming cover, shall be removed from any work- and bulwark with no space between ing section, and adjacent sections, un- them, provided the height of the hatch less securely lashed. coaming is no less than 24 inches (.61 (f)(1) The roller hatch beam at the m). Under no circumstances shall edge of the open section of the hatch hatch covers or pontoons be stacked shall be lashed or pinned back so that higher than the hatch coaming or bul- it cannot be moved toward the open wark on the working side of the hatch. section. (2) On seagoing vessels, hatch boards (2) Rolling, sectional or telescopic or similar covers removed from the hatch covers of barges that open in a hatch beams in a section of partially fore and aft direction shall be secured opened hatch during cargo handling, against unintentional movement while cleaning or other operations shall not in the open position. be stowed on the boards or covers left (g) Hinged or folding hatch covers in place within that section. normally stowed in an approximately (b) Hatch beams shall be laid on their vertical position shall be positively se- sides, or stood on an edge close to- cured when in the upright position, un- gether and lashed. Exception: This less the design of the system otherwise paragraph (b) shall not apply in cases prevents unintentional movement. where hatch beams are of such design (h) Hatches shall not be opened or that: closed while employees are in the (1) The width of the flange is 50 per- square of the hatch below. cent or more of the height of the web; (i) All materials such as dunnage, and lashings, twist locks, or stacking cones (2) The flange rests flat on the deck shall be removed from the hatch cover when the hatch beam is stood upright. or be secured to prevent them from (c) Strongbacks, hatch covers, and falling off the cover before the hatch pontoons removed from hatch openings cover is moved. and placed on the weather deck shall (j) When a hatch is to be covered, not obstruct clear fore-and-aft or coa- hatch covers or night tents shall be ming-to-bulwark passageways and used. Any covering that only partially shall be lashed or otherwise secured to covers the hatch, such as alternate prevent accidental dislodgement. hatch covers or strips of dunnage, shall Dunnage or other suitable material not be covered by a tarpaulin. Excep- shall be used under and between tiers tion: A tarpaulin may be used to cover

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an open or partially open hatch to re- conditions specified in § 1918.62(e) (1) duce dust emissions during bulk cargo through (7) shall not be used. loading operations, if positive means (f) Synthetic web slings exhibiting are taken to prevent employees from any of the defects or conditions speci- walking on the tarpaulin. fied in § 1918.62(g)(2)(i) through (vi) shall not be used. [62 FR 40202, July 25, 1997, as amended at 65 (g) Chains, including slings, exhib- FR 40944, June 30, 2000] iting any of the defects or conditions specified in § 1918.62 (h)(3) (iii), (iv), or Subpart F—Vessel’s Cargo (h)(6) shall not be used. Handling Gear [62 FR 40202, July 25, 1997, as amended at 65 § 1918.51 General requirements (See FR 40944, June 30, 2000] also § 1918.11 and appendix III of this part). § 1918.52 Specific requirements. (a) Preventers. (1) When preventers (a) The safe working load specified in are used they shall be of sufficient the cargo gear certification papers or strength for the intended purpose. marked on the booms shall not be ex- They shall be secured to the head of ceeded. Any limitations imposed by the the boom independent of working guys certificating authority shall be fol- unless, for cast fittings, the strength of lowed. the fitting exceeds the total strength (b) All components of cargo handling of all lines secured to it. Any tails, fit- gear, including tent gantlines and asso- tings, or other means of making the ciated rigging, shall be inspected by preventers fast on the deck shall pro- the employer or a designated person vide strength equal to that of the pre- before each use and at appropriate in- venter itself. tervals during use. Any gear that is (2) Wire rope clips or knots shall not found unsafe shall not be used until it be used to form eyes in, nor to join sec- is made safe. tions of, preventer guys. (c) The employer shall determine the (b) Stoppers. (1) Chain topping lift load ratings shown on the vessel’s wire stoppers shall be in good condition, rope certificates for all wire rope and equipped with fiber tails, and long wire rope slings comprising part of enough to allow not fewer than three ship’s gear and shall observe these load half-hitches in the chain. ratings. (2) Chain stoppers shall be shackled (d) The following limitations shall or otherwise secured so that their links apply to the use of wire rope as a part are not bent by being passed around of the ship’s cargo handling gear: fittings. The point of attachment shall (1) Eye splices in wire ropes shall be of sufficient strength and so placed have at least three tucks with a whole that the stoppers are in line with the strand of the rope and two tucks with normal topping lift lead at the time one-half of the wire cut from each the stopper is applied. strand. Other forms of splices or con- (3) Patent stoppers of the clamp type nections that the employer dem- shall be appropriate for the size of the onstrates will provide the same level of rope used. Clamps shall be in good con- safety may be used; dition and free of any substance that (2) Except for eye splices in the ends would prevent their being drawn tight. of wires, each wire rope used in hoist- (c) Falls. (1) The end of the winch fall ing or lowering, in guying derricks, or shall be secured to the drum by clamps, as a topping lift, preventer, segment of U-bolts, shackles, or other equally a multi-part preventer, or pendant, strong methods. Fiber rope fastenings shall consist of one continuous piece shall not be used. without knot or splice; and (2) Winch falls shall not be used with (3) Wire rope and wire rope slings ex- fewer than three turns on the winch hibiting any of the defects or condi- drum. tions specified in § 1918.62(b)(3)(i) (3) Eyes in the ends of wire rope through (vi) shall not be used. cargo falls shall not be formed by (e) Natural and synthetic fiber rope knots and, in single part falls, shall not slings exhibiting any of the defects or be formed by wire rope clips.

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(4) When the design of the winch per- (e) Any defect or malfunction of mits, the fall shall be wound on the winches that could endanger employees drum so that the cargo hook rises when shall be reported immediately to the the winch control lever is pulled back officer in charge of the vessel, and the and lowers when the lever is pushed winch shall not be used until the defect forward. or malfunction is corrected. (d) Heel blocks. (1) When an employee (f) Temporary seats and shelters for works in the bight formed by the heel winch drivers that create a hazard to block, a preventer at least three-quar- the winch operator or other employees ters of an inch (1.91 cm) in diameter shall not be used. wire rope shall be securely rigged, or (g) Except for short handles on wheel equally effective means shall be taken, type controls, winch drivers shall not to hold the block and fall if the heel be permitted to use winch control ex- block attachments fail. Where physical tension levers unless they are provided limitations prohibit the fitting of a by either the ship or the employer. wire rope preventer of the required Such levers shall be of adequate size, two turns of a one-half inch (1.27 strength and securely fastened with cm) diameter wire rope shall be suffi- metal connections at the fulcrum and cient. at the permanent control lever. (2) If the heel block is not so rigged (h) Extension control levers that as to prevent its falling when not under tend to fall due to their own weight strain, it shall be secured to prevent al- shall be counterbalanced. ternate raising and dropping of the (i) Winch brakes shall be monitored block. This requirement shall not during use. If winch brakes are unable apply when the heel block is at least 10 to hold the load, the winch shall be re- feet (3.05 m) above the deck when at its moved from service. lowest point. (j) Winches shall not be used when (e) Coaming rollers. Portable coaming one or more control points, either rollers shall be secured by wire pre- hoisting or lowering, are not operating venters in addition to the regular coa- properly. Only authorized personnel ming clamps. shall adjust control systems. (f) Cargo hooks. Cargo hooks shall be (k) When winches are left unat- as close to the junction of the falls as tended, control levers shall be placed the assembly permits, but never far- in the neutral position and the power ther than two feet (.61 m) from it. Ex- shall be shut off or control levers shall ception: This provision shall not apply be locked at the winch or the operating when the construction of the vessel and controls. the operation in progress are such that § 1918.54 Rigging gear. fall angles are less than 120 degrees. Overhaul chains shall not be shortened (a) Guy and preventer placement. Each by bolting or knotting. guy or preventer shall be placed to prevent it from making contact with any [62 FR 40202, July 25, 1997, as amended at 65 other guy, preventer, or stay. FR 40944, June 30, 2000] (b) Guys. When alternate positions for securing guys are provided, the § 1918.53 Cargo winches. guys shall be so placed as to produce a (a) Moving parts of winches and other minimum stress and not permit the deck machinery shall be guarded. boom to jackknife. (b) Winches shall not be used if con- (c) Boom placement. The head of the trol levers operate with excessive fric- midship boom shall be spotted no far- tion or excessive play. ther outboard of the coaming than is (c) Double gear winches or other necessary for control of the load. winches equipped with a clutch shall (d) Preventers. (1) Preventers shall be not be used unless a positive means of properly secured to suitable fittings locking the gear shift is provided. other than those to which the guys are (d) There shall be no load other than secured, and shall be as nearly parallel the fall and cargo hook assembly on to the guys as the fittings will permit. the winch when changing gears on a (2) Unless the cleat is also a chock two-gear winch. and the hauling part is led through the

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chock opening, the leads of preventers dirty glass (or equivalent) that impairs to cleats shall be such that the direc- operator visibility shall not be used. tion of the line pull of the preventer is (2) Clothing, tools and equipment as parallel as possible to the plane of shall be stored so as not to interfere the surface on which the cleat is with access, operation or the operator’s mounted. view. (3) Guys and associated preventers (c) Cargo operations. (1) Accessible shall be adjusted to share the load as areas within the swing radius of the equally as possible where cargo oper- body of a revolving crane or within the ations are being conducted by travel of a shipboard gantry crane shall burtoning. Exception: Where guys are be physically guarded or other equally designed and intended for trimming effective means shall be taken during purposes only, and the preventer is intended to do the function of the guy, operations to prevent an employee the guy may be left slack. from being caught between the body of (e) Cargo falls. Cargo falls under load the crane and any fixed structure, or shall not be permitted to chafe on any between parts of the crane. Verbal standing or other running rigging. Ex- warnings to employees to avoid the ception: Rigging shall not be construed dangerous area do not meet this re- to mean hatch coamings or other simi- quirement. lar structural parts of the vessel. (2) Limit switch bypass systems shall (f) Bull wire. (1) Where a bull wire is be secured during all cargo operations. taken to a winch head for lowering or Such bypass systems shall not be used topping a boom, the bull wire shall be except in an emergency or during non- secured to the winch head by shackle cargo handling operations such as or other equally strong method. Secur- stowing cranes or derricks or per- ing by fiber rope fastening does not forming repairs. Any time a bypass meet this requirement. system is used, it shall be done only (2) When, in lowering or topping a under the direction of an officer of the boom, it is not possible to secure the vessel. bull wire to the winch head, or when (3) Under all operating conditions, at the topping lift itself is taken to the least three full turns of rope shall re- winch head, at least five turns of wire main on ungrooved drums, and two full shall be used. turns on grooved drums. (g) Trimming and deckloads. When (4) Crane brakes shall be monitored deck loads extend above the rail and during use. If crane brakes are unable there is less than 12 inches (30.48 cm) to hold the load, the crane shall not be horizontal clearance between the edge used. of the deck load and the inside of the bulwark or rail, a pendant or other al- (5) Cranes shall not be used if control ternate device shall be provided to levers operate with excessive friction allow trimming of the gear and to pre- or excessive play. vent employees from going over the (6) When cranes are equipped with side. power down capability, there shall be no free fall of the gear when a load is [62 FR 40202, July 25, 1997, as amended at 65 attached. FR 40945, June 30, 2000] (7) When two or more cranes hoist a § 1918.55 Cranes (See also § 1918.11). load in unison, a designated person shall direct the operation and instruct The following requirements shall personnel in positioning, rigging of the apply to the use of cranes forming part of a vessel’s permanent equipment. gear and movements to be made. (a) Defects. Cranes with a visible or (d) Unattended cranes. When cranes known defect that affects safe oper- are left unattended between work peri- ation shall not be used. Defects shall be ods, § 1918.66(b) (4)(i) through (v) shall reported immediately to the officer in apply. charge of the vessel. (b) Operator’s station. (1) Cranes with missing, broken, cracked, scratched, or

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Subpart G—Cargo Handling Gear (2) Special stevedoring gear provided and Equipment Other Than by the employer that has a SWL of five Ship’s Gear short tons (10,000 lbs. or 4.54 metric tons) or less shall be inspected and § 1918.61 General (See also appendix tested as a unit before initial use ac- IV of this part). cording to paragraphs (d) and (e) of this (a) Employer provided gear inspection. section or by a designated person (see All gear and equipment provided by the Table A in this paragraph (f)(2)). employer shall be inspected by the employer or designated person before each TABLE A use and, when appropriate, at intervals Safe working load Proof load during its use, to ensure that it is safe. Any gear that is found upon such in- Up to 20 short tons (18.1 metric tons) .. 25 percent in ex- spection to be unsafe shall not be used cess. until it is made safe. From 20 through 50 short tons (18.1 to 5 short tons in ex- 45.4 metric tons). cess (b) Safe working load. (1) The safe Over 50 short tons (45.4 metric tons) ... 10 percent in ex- working load of gear as specified in cess §§ 1918.61 through 1918.66 shall not be exceeded. (g) Every spreader that is not a part (2) All cargo handling gear provided of ship’s gear and is used for handling by the employer with a safe working intermodal containers shall be in- load greater than five short tons (10,000 spected and tested before initial use to lbs. or 4.54 metric tons) shall have its a proof load equal to 25 percent greater safe working load plainly marked on it. than its rated capacity. In addition, (c) Gear weight markings. The weight any spreader that suffers damage ne- shall be plainly marked on any article cessitating structural repair shall be of stevedoring gear hoisted by ship’s inspected and retested after repair and gear and weighing more than 2,000 lbs. before being returned to service. (.91 metric tons). (h) All cargo handling gear covered (d) Certification. The employer shall not use any material handling device by this section with a SWL greater listed in paragraphs (f) and (g) of this than five short tons (10,000 lbs. or 4.54 section until the device has been cer- metric tons) shall be proof load tested tificated, as evidenced by current and according to Table A in paragraph (f) valid documents attesting to compli- or paragraph (g), as applicable, of this ance with the requirements of para- section every four years and in accord- graph (e) of this section. ance with paragraphs (d) and (e) of this (e) Certification procedures. Each cer- section or by a designated person. tification required by this section shall (i) Certificates and inspection and be performed in accordance with part test records attesting to the tests re- 1919 of this chapter, by a person then quired by this section shall be avail- currently accredited by OSHA as pro- able for inspection. vided in that part. [62 FR 40202, July 25, 1997, as amended at 65 (f) Special gear. (1) Special steve- FR 40945, June 30, 2000] doring gear provided by the employer, the strength of which depends upon § 1918.62 Miscellaneous auxiliary gear. components other than commonly used stock items such as shackles, ropes, or (a) Routine inspection. (1) At the com- chains, and that has a Safe Working pletion of each use, loose gear such as Load (SWL) greater than five short slings, chains, bridles, blocks and tons (10,000 lbs or 4.54 metric tons) hooks shall be so placed as to avoid shall be inspected and tested as a unit damage to the gear. Loose gear shall be before initial use (see Table A in para- inspected and any defects corrected be- graph (f)(2) of this section). In addition, fore reuse. any special stevedoring gear that suf- (2) Defective gear, as defined by the fers damage necessitating structural manufacturers’ specifications (when repair shall be inspected and retested available), shall not be used. Distorted after repair and before being returned hooks, shackles or similar gear shall be to service. discarded.

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NOTE TO PARAGRAPH (a): When manufactur- (5) Where wire rope clips are used to ers’ specifications are not available to deter- form eyes, the employer shall follow mine whether gear is defective, the employer the manufacturers’ recommendations, shall use the appropriate paragraphs of this section to make these determinations. which shall be available for inspection. If ‘‘U’’ bolt clips are used and the man- (b) Wire rope and wire rope slings. (1) ufacturers’ recommendations are not The employer shall follow the manu- available, table 1 of appendix II to this facturers’ recommended ratings for part shall be used to determine the wire rope and wire rope slings provided number and spacing of clips. ‘‘U’’ bolts for use aboard ship, and shall have such shall be applied with the ‘‘U’’ section ratings available for inspection. When in contact with the dead end of the the manufacturer is unable to supply rope. such ratings, the employer shall use the tables for wire rope and wire rope (6) Wire rope shall not be secured by slings found in appendix II to this part. knotting. A design safety factor of at least five (7) Eyes in wire rope bridles, slings, shall be maintained for the common bull wires, or in single parts used for sizes of running wire used as falls in hoisting shall not be formed by wire purchases, or in such uses as light load rope clips or knots. slings. (8) Eye splices in wire ropes shall (2) Wire rope with a safety factor of have at least three tucks with a whole less than five may be used only as fol- strand of the rope, and two tucks with lows: one-half of the wire cut from each (i) In specialized equipment, such as strand. Other forms of splices or con- cranes, designed to be used with lesser nections that the employer dem- wire rope safety factors; onstrates to be equivalently safe may (ii) According to design factors in be used. standing rigging applications; or (9) Except for eye splices in the ends (iii) For heavy lifts or other purposes of wires and endless rope slings, each for which a safety factor of five is not wire rope used in hoisting or lowering, feasible and for which the employer or bulling cargo, shall consist of one can show that equivalent safety is en- continuous piece without knot or sured. splice. (3) Wire rope or wire rope slings pro- (c) Natural fiber rope. (1) The em- vided by the employer and having any ployer shall follow the manufacturers’ of the following conditions shall not be recommended ratings for natural fiber used: rope and natural fiber rope slings pro- (i) Ten randomly distributed broken vided for use aboard ship, and shall wires in one rope lay or three or more have such ratings available for inspec- broken wires in one strand in one rope tion. lay; (2) If the manufacturers’ rec- (ii) Kinking, crushing, bird caging or ommended ratings and use rec- other damage resulting in distortion of the wire rope structure; ommendations are unavailable, the em- (iii) Evidence of heat damage; ployer shall use table 2 of appendix II (iv) Excessive wear or corrosion, de- to this part to determine safe working formation or other defect in the wire or loads of natural fiber rope slings com- attachments, including cracks in at- prising part of pre-slung drafts. tachments; (3) Eye splices shall consist of at (v) Any indication of strand or wire least three full tucks. Short splices slippage in end attachments; or shall consist of at least six tucks, three (vi) More than one broken wire close on each side of the centerline. to a socket or swaged fitting. (d) Synthetic rope. (1) The employer (4) Protruding ends of strands in shall follow the manufacturers’ ratings splices on slings and bridles shall be and use recommendations for the spe- covered or blunted. Coverings shall be cific synthetic fiber rope and synthetic removable so that splices can be exam- fiber rope slings provided for use ined. Means used to cover or blunt ends aboard ship, and shall have such rat- shall not damage the wire. ings available for inspection.

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(2) If the manufacturers’ rec- hoist loads greater than the sling’s ommended ratings and use rec- rated capacity. ommendations are unavailable, tables (2) Synthetic web slings shall be re- 3A and B of appendix II to this part moved from service if they exhibit any shall be used to determine the safe of the following defects: working load of synthetic fiber rope (i) Acid or caustic burns; and of synthetic rope slings that com- (ii) Melting or charring of any part of prise this part of pre-slung drafts. the sling surface; (3)(i) Unless otherwise recommended (iii) Snags, punctures, tears or cuts; by the manufacturer, when synthetic (iv) Broken or worn stitches; fiber ropes are substituted for fiber (v) Distortion or damage to fittings; ropes of less than three inches (7.62 cm) or in circumference, the substitute shall (vi) Display of visible warning be of equal size. Where substituted for threads or markers designed to indi- fiber rope of three inches or more in cate excessive wear or damage. circumference, the size of the synthetic rope shall be determined from the for- (3) Defective synthetic web slings re- mula: moved from service shall not be returned to service unless repaired by a sling manufacturer or an entity of =±22 + CCC06..4sm 0 similar competence. Each repaired sling shall be proof tested by the re- Where C = the required circumference of the pairer to twice the sling’s rated capac- synthetic rope in inches, Cs= the circumference to the nearest one-quarter inch of ity before its return to service. The a synthetic rope having a breaking employer shall retain a certificate of strength not less than that of the size fiber the proof test and make it available for rope that is required by paragraph (c) of inspection. this section and Cm=the circumference of (4) Synthetic web slings provided by the fiber rope in inches that is required by the employer shall only be used accord- paragraph (c) of this section. ing to the manufacturers’ use rec- (ii) In making such substitution, it ommendations, which shall be avail- shall be ascertained that the inherent able. characteristics of the synthetic fiber (5) Fittings shall have a breaking are suitable for hoisting. strength at least equal to that of the (e) Removal of natural and synthetic sling to which they are attached and rope from service. Natural and synthetic shall be free of sharp edges. rope having any of the following de- (h) Chains and chain slings used for fects shall be removed from service: hoisting. (1) The employer shall follow (1) Abnormal or excessive wear in- the manufacturers’ recommended rat- cluding heat and chemical damage; ings for safe working loads for the size (2) Powdered fiber between strands; of wrought iron and alloy steel chains (3) Sufficient cut or broken fibers to and chain slings and shall have such affect the capability of the rope; ratings available for inspection. When (4) Variations in the size or round- the manufacturer does not provide ness of strands; such ratings, the employer shall use (5) Discolorations other than stains table 4A of appendix II to this part to not associated with rope damage; determine safe working loads for alloy (6) Rotting; or steel chains and chain slings only. (7) Distortion or other damage to at- (2) Proof coil steel chain, also known tached hardware. as common or hardware chain, and (f) Thimbles. Properly fitting thimbles other chain not recommended by the shall be used when any rope is secured manufacturer for slinging or hoisting permanently to a ring, shackle or at- shall not be used for slinging or hoist- tachment, where practicable. ing. (g) Synthetic web slings. (1) Slings and (3)(i) Sling chains, including end fas- nets or other combinations of more tenings, shall be inspected for visible than one piece of synthetic webbing as- defects before each day’s use and as sembled and used as a single unit (syn- often as necessary during use to ensure thetic web slings) shall not be used to integrity of the sling.

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(ii) Thorough inspections of chains in of the chains to which they are at- use shall be made quarterly to detect tached. wear, defective welds, deformation or (8) Chain slings shall bear identifica- increase in length or stretch. The tion of size, grade and rated capacity. month of inspection shall be shown on (i) Shackles. (1) If the manufacturers’ each chain by color of paint on a link recommended safe working loads for or by other equally effective means. shackles are available, they shall not (iii) Chains shall be removed from be exceeded. If the manufacturers’ rec- service when maximum allowable wear, ommendations are not available, table as indicated in table 4B of appendix II 5 of appendix II to this part shall apply. to this part, is reached at any point of (2) Screw pin shackles provided by a link. the employer and used aloft, except in (iv) Chain slings shall be removed cargo hook assemblies, shall have their from service when stretch has in- pins positively secured. creased the length of a measured sec- (j) Hooks other than hand hooks. (1) tion by more than 5 percent; when a The manufacturer’s recommended safe link is bent, twisted or otherwise dam- working loads for hooks shall not be aged; or when a link has a raised scarf exceeded. Hooks other than hand hooks or defective weld. shall be tested before initial use in ac- (v) Only designated persons shall in- cordance with the provisions of § 1919.31 spect chains used for slinging and (a), (c), and (d) of this chapter. Excep- hoisting. tion: Manufacturers’ test certificates (4) Chains shall only be repaired by a indicating performance to the criteria designated person. Links or portions of in § 1919.31 (a), (c) and (d) of this chap- a chain defective under any of the cri- ter shall be acceptable. teria of paragraph (h)(3)(iv) of this sec- (2) Bent or sprung hooks shall be dis- tion shall be replaced with properly di- carded. mensioned links or connections of ma- (3) Teeth of case hooks shall be main- terial similar to that of the original tained in safe condition. chain. Before repaired chains are re- (4) Jaws of patent clamp-type plate turned to service, they shall be tested hooks shall be maintained in condition to the proof test load recommended by to grip plates securely. the manufacturer for the original (5) Loads shall be applied to the chain. Tests shall be done by the manu- throat of the hook only. facturer or shall be certified by an (k) Pallets. (1) Pallets shall be made agency accredited for the purpose and maintained to support and carry under part 1919 of this chapter. Test loads being handled safely. Fastenings certificates shall be available for in- of reusable pallets used for hoisting spection. shall be bolts and nuts, drive screws (5)(i) Wrought iron chains in constant (helically threaded nails), annular use shall be annealed or normalized at threaded nails or fastenings of equiva- intervals not exceeding six months. lent holding strength. Heat treatment certificates shall be (2) Reusable wing or lip-type pallets available for inspection. Alloy chains shall be hoisted by bar bridles or other shall not be annealed. suitable gear and shall have an over- (ii) Any part of a lifting appliance or hanging wing or lip of at least three item of loose gear installed after Janu- inches (7.6 cm). They shall not be hoist- ary 21, 1998 shall not be manufactured ed by wire slings alone. of wrought iron. (3) Loaded pallets that do not meet (6) Kinked or knotted chains shall the requirements of this paragraph not be used for lifting. Chains shall not shall be hoisted only after being placed be shortened by bolting, wiring or on pallets meeting such requirements, knotting. Makeshift links or fasteners or shall be handled by other means pro- such as wire, bolts or rods shall not be viding equivalent safety. used. (4) Bridles for handling flush end or (7) Hooks, rings, links and attach- box-type pallets shall be designed to ments affixed to sling chains shall have prevent disengagement from the pallet rated capacities at least equal to those under load.

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(5) Pallets shall be stacked or placed (d) Grain trimmer control box. Each to prevent falling, collapsing or other- grain trimmer shall have a control box wise causing a hazard under standard on the weather deck close to the spout operating conditions. feeding the trimmer. (6) Disposable pallets intended only (e) Grain trimmer power cable. Power for one use shall not be reused for cables between the deck control box hoisting. and the grain trimmer shall be used [62 FR 40202, July 25, 1997, as amended at 65 only in continuous lengths without FR 40945, June 30, 2000] splice or tap between connections. (f) Portable conveyors. Portable con- § 1918.63 Chutes, gravity conveyors veyors shall be stable within their op- and rollers. erating ranges. When used at variable (a) Chutes shall be of adequate length fixed levels, the unit shall be secured and strength to support the conditions at the operating level. of use, and shall be free of splinters and (g) Delivery and braking. When nec- sharp edges. essary for the safety of employees, pro- (b) When necessary for the safety of visions shall be made for braking ob- employees, chutes shall be equipped jects at the delivery end of the con- with sideboards to afford protection veyor. from falling objects. (h) Electric brakes. Conveyors using (c) When necessary for the safety of electrically released brakes shall be employees, provisions shall be made for constructed so that the brakes cannot stopping objects other than bulk com- be released until power is applied and modities at the delivery end of the the brakes are automatically engaged chute. if the power fails or the operating con- (d) Chutes and gravity conveyor roll- trol is returned to the ‘‘stop’’ position. er sections shall be firmly placed and (i) Starting powered conveyors. Pow- secured to prevent displacement, shift- ered conveyors shall not be started ing, or falling. until all employees are clear of the (e) Gravity conveyors shall be of suf- conveyor or have been warned that the ficient strength to support the weight conveyor is about to start up. of materials placed upon them safely. (j) Loading and unloading. The area Conveyor rollers shall be installed in a around conveyor loading and unloading way that prevents them from falling or points shall be kept clear of obstruc- jumping out of the frame. tions during conveyor operations. (f) Frames shall be kept free of burrs (k) Lockout/tagout. (1) Conveyors and sharp edges. shall be stopped and their power § 1918.64 Powered conveyors. sources locked out and tagged out during maintenance, repair, and servicing. (a) Emergency stop. Readily accessible If power is necessary for testing or for stop controls shall be provided for use making minor adjustments, power in an emergency. Whenever the oper- shall only be supplied to the servicing ation of any power conveyor requires operation. personnel to work close to the conveyor, the conveyor controls shall not (2) The starting device shall be be left unattended while the conveyor locked out and tagged out in the stop is in operation. position before an attempt is made to (b) Guarding. All conveyor and trim- remove the cause of a jam or overload mer drives that create a hazard shall of the conveying medium. be adequately guarded. (l) Safe practices. (1) Only designated (c) Approved for location. Electric mo- persons shall operate, repair or service tors and controls on conveyors and powered conveyors. trimmers used to handle grain and ex- (2) The employer shall ensure that posed to grain dust shall be of a type each employee stays off operating con- approved by a nationally recognized veyors. testing laboratory for use in Class II, (3) Conveyors shall be operated only Division I locations. (See § 1910.7 of this with all overload devices, guards and chapter.) safety devices in place and operable.

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§ 1918.65 Mechanically powered vehi- truck from entering a work space and cles used aboard vessels. only if the operator is not exposed to (a) Applicability. This section applies low overhead obstructions in the work to every type of mechanically powered space. vehicle used for material or equipment (6) Where necessary to protect the handling aboard a vessel. operator, fork lift trucks shall be fitted (b) General. (1) Modifications, such as with a vertical load backrest extension adding counterweights that might af- to prevent the load from hitting the fect the vehicle’s capacity or safety, mast when the mast is positioned at shall not be done without either the maximum backward tilt. For this pur- manufacturers’ prior written approval pose, a ‘‘load backrest extension’’ or the written approval of a registered means a device extending vertically professional engineer experienced with from the fork carriage frame to pre- the equipment, who has consulted with vent raised loads from falling back- the manufacturer, if available. Capac- ward. ity, operation and maintenance in- (d) Guards for bulk cargo-moving vehi- struction plates, tags or decals shall be cles. (1) Every crawler type, rider oper- changed to conform to the equipment ated, bulk cargo-moving vehicle shall as modified. be equipped with an operator’s guard of (2) Rated capacities, with and with- such design and construction as to pro- out removable counterweights, shall tect the operator, when seated, against not be exceeded. Rated capacities shall injury from contact with a projecting be marked on the vehicle and shall be overhead hazard. visible to the operator. The vehicle (2) Overhead guards and their attach- weight, with and without a counter- ment points shall be so designed as to weight, shall be similarly marked. be able to withstand, without excessive (3) If loads are lifted by two or more deflection, a load applied horizontally trucks working in unison, the total at the operator’s shoulder level equal weight shall not exceed the combined to the drawbar pull of the machine. safe lifting capacity of all trucks. (3) Overhead guards are not required (c) Guards for fork lift trucks. (1) Ex- when the vehicle is used in situations cept as noted in paragraph (c)(5) of this in which the seated operator cannot section, fork lift trucks shall be contact projecting overhead hazards. equipped with overhead guards se- (4) After July 26, 1999, bulk cargo- curely attached to the machines. The moving vehicles shall be equipped with guard shall be of such design and con- rollover protection of such design and struction as to protect the operator construction as to prevent the possi- from boxes, cartons, packages, bagged bility of the operator being crushed be- material, and other similar items of cause of a rollover or upset. cargo that might fall from the load (e) Approved trucks. (1) ‘‘Approved being handled or from stowage. power-operated industrial truck’’ (2) Overhead guards shall not ob- means one listed as approved for the struct the operator’s view, and open- intended use or location by a nation- ings in the top of the guard shall not ally recognized testing laboratory (see exceed six inches (15.24 cm) in one of § 1910.7 of this chapter). the two directions, width or length. (2) Approved power-operated indus- Larger openings are permitted if no trial trucks shall bear a label or other opening allows the smallest unit of identification indicating testing lab- cargo being handled through the guard. oratory approval. (3) Overhead guards shall be built so (3) When the atmosphere in an area is that failure of the vehicle’s mast tilt- hazardous (see § 1918.2 and § 1918.93), ing mechanism will not displace the only approved power-operated indus- guard. trial trucks shall be used. (4) Overhead guards shall be large (f) Maintenance. (1) Mechanically enough to extend over the operator powered vehicles shall be maintained during all truck operations, including in safe working order. Safety devices forward tilt. shall not be removed or made inoper- (5) An overhead guard may be re- ative except where permitted in this moved only when it would prevent a section. Vehicles with a fuel system

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leak or any other safety defect shall (8) When mechanically powered vehi- not be operated. cles are left unattended, load-engaging (2) Braking systems or other mecha- means shall be fully lowered, controls nisms used for braking shall be oper- neutralized, brakes set and power shut able and in safe condition. off. Wheels shall be blocked or curbed (3) Replacement parts whose function if the vehicle is on an incline. might affect operational safety shall be (9) When lift trucks or other me- equivalent in strength and performance chanically powered vehicles are being capability to the original parts that operated on open deck-type barges, the they replace. edges of the barges shall be guarded by (4) Repairs to the fuel and ignition railings, sideboards, timbers, or other systems of mechanically powered vehi- means sufficient to prevent vehicles cles that involve fire hazards shall be from rolling overboard. When such ve- conducted only in locations designated hicles are operated on covered lighters as safe for such repairs. where door openings other than those (5) Batteries on all mechanically being used are left open, means shall be powered vehicles shall be disconnected provided to prevent vehicles from roll- during repairs to the primary electrical ing overboard through such openings. system except when power is necessary (10) Unauthorized personnel shall not for testing and repair. On vehicles ride on mechanically powered vehicles. equipped with systems capable of stor- A safe place to ride shall be provided ing residual energy, that energy shall when riding is authorized. be safely discharged before work on the (11) An employee may be elevated by primary electrical system begins. fork lift trucks only when a platform is secured to the lifting carriage or forks. (6) Only designated persons shall do The platform shall meet the following maintenance and repair. requirements: (g) Parking brakes. All mechanically (i) The platform shall have a railing powered vehicles purchased after Janu- complying with § 1917.112(c) of this ary 21, 1998, shall be equipped with chapter. parking brakes. (ii) The platform shall have (h) Operation. (1) Only stable and toeboards complying with § 1917.112(d) safely arranged loads within the rated of this chapter, if tools or other objects capacity of the mechanically powered could fall on employees below. vehicle shall be handled. (iii) When the truck has controls ele- (2) The employer shall require drivers vated with the lifting carriage, means to ascend and descend grades slowly. shall be provided for employees on the (3) If the load obstructs the forward platform to shut off power to the vehi- view, the employer shall require driv- cle. ers to travel with the load trailing. (iv) Employees on the platform shall (4) Steering knobs shall not be used be protected from exposure to moving unless the vehicle is equipped with truck parts. power steering. (v) The platform floor shall be skid (5) When mechanically powered vehi- resistant. cles use cargo lifting devices that have (vi) An employee shall be at the a means of engagement hidden from truck’s controls whenever employees the operator, a means shall be provided are elevated. to enable the operator to determine (vii) While an employee is elevated, that the cargo has been engaged. the truck may be moved only to make (6) No load on a mechanically pow- minor adjustments in placement. ered vehicle shall be suspended or [62 FR 40202, July 25, 1997, as amended at 65 swung over any employee. FR 40945, June 30, 2000] (7) When mechanically powered vehicles are used, provisions shall be made § 1918.66 Cranes and derricks other to ensure that the working surface can than vessel’s gear. support the vehicle and load, and that (a) General. The following require- hatch covers, truck plates, or other ments shall apply to the use of cranes temporary surfaces cannot be dislodged and derricks brought aboard vessels for by movement of the vehicle. conducting longshoring operations.

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They shall not apply to cranes and der- (or equivalent), that impairs operator ricks forming part of a vessel’s perma- vision shall not be used. Clothing, nent equipment. tools, and equipment shall be stored so (1) Certification. Cranes and derricks as not to interfere with access, oper- shall be certificated in accordance with ation, and the operator’s view. part 1919 of this chapter. (8) Counterweights or ballast. Cranes (2) Posted weight. The crane weight shall be operated only with the speci- shall be posted on all cranes hoisted fied type and amount of ballast or aboard vessels for temporary use. counterweights. Ballast or counter- (3) Rating chart. All cranes and der- weights shall be located and secured ricks having ratings that vary with only as provided in the manufacturers’ boom length, radius (outreach) or other or design specifications, which shall be variables shall have a durable rating available for inspection. chart visible to the operator, covering (9) Outriggers. Outriggers shall be the complete range of the manufactur- used according to the manufacturers’ ers’ (or design) capacity ratings. The specifications or design data, which rating chart shall include all operating shall be available for inspection. radii (outreach) for all permissible Floats, when used, shall be securely at- boom lengths and jib lengths, as appli- tached to the outriggers. Wood blocks cable, with and without outriggers, and or other support shall be of sufficient alternate ratings for optional equip- size to support the outrigger, free of ment affecting such ratings. Pre- defects that may affect safety, and of cautions or warnings specified by the sufficient width and length to prevent owner or manufacturer shall be in- the crane from shifting or toppling cluded along with the chart. under load. (4) Rated loads. The manufacturers’ (10) Exhaust gases. Engine exhaust (or design) rated loads for the condi- gases shall be discharged away from tions of use shall not be exceeded. crane operating personnel. (5) Change of rated loads. Designated working loads shall not be increased (11) Electrical/Guarding. Electrical beyond the manufacturers’ ratings or equipment shall be so placed or en- original design limitations unless such closed that live parts will not be ex- increase receives the manufacturers’ posed to accidental contact. Des- approval. When the manufacturers’ ignated persons may work on energized services are not available or where the equipment only if necessary during in- equipment is of foreign manufacture, spection, maintenance, or repair; oth- engineering design analysis shall be erwise the equipment shall be stopped done or approved by a person accred- and its power source locked out and ited for certificating the equipment tagged out. under part 1919 of this chapter. Engi- (12) Fire extinguisher. (i) At least one neering design analysis shall be done portable approved or listed fire extin- by a registered professional engineer guisher of at least a 5-B:C rating or competent in the field of cranes and equivalent shall be accessible in the derricks. Any structural changes re- cab of the crane or derrick. quired by the change in rating shall be (ii) No portable fire extinguisher carried out. using carbon tetrachloride or (6) Radius indicator. When the rated chlorobromomethane extinguishing load varies with the boom radius, the agents shall be used. crane or derrick shall be fitted with a (13) Rope on drums. At least three full boom angle or radius indicator visible turns of rope shall remain on to the operator. ungrooved drums, and two turns on (7) Operator’s station. The cab, con- grooved drums, under all operating trols and mechanism of the equipment conditions. Wire rope shall be secured shall be so arranged that the operator to drums by clamps, U-bolts, shackles has a clear view of the load or signal- or equivalent means. Fiber rope fas- man, when one is used. Cab glass, when tenings are prohibited. used, shall be safety plate glass or (14) Brakes. (i) Each independent equivalent. Cranes with missing, bro- hoisting unit of a crane shall be ken, cracked, scratched, or dirty glass equipped with at least one holding

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brake, applied directly to the motor side loading stresses upon the crane or shaft or gear train. derrick boom. (ii) Each independent hoisting unit of (ii) No crane or derrick having a visi- a crane shall, in addition to the hold- ble or known defect that may affect ing brake, be equipped with a con- safe operation shall be used. trolled braking means to control low- (4) Unattended cranes. The following ering speeds. steps shall be taken before leaving a (iii) Holding brakes for hoist units crane unattended between work peri- shall have not less than the following ods: percentage of the rated load hoisting (i) Suspended loads, such as those torque at the point where the brake is hoisted by lifting magnets or clamshell applied: buckets, shall be landed unless the (A) 125 percent when used with an storage position or maximum hoisting other than mechanically controlled of the suspended device will provide braking means; equivalent safety; (B) 100 percent when used with a me- (ii) Clutches shall be disengaged; chanically controlled braking means; (iii) The power supply shall be shut or off; (C) 100 percent when two holding (iv) The crane shall be secured brakes are provided. against accidental travel; and (iv) All power control braking means (v) The boom shall be lowered or se- shall be capable of maintaining safe cured against movement. lowering speeds of rated loads. (c) Protection for employees being hoist- (15) Operating controls. Crane and der- ed. (1) No employee shall be hoisted by rick operating controls shall be clearly the load hoisting apparatus of a crane marked, or a chart showing their func- or derrick except on a platform meet- tion shall be posted at the operator’s ing the following requirements: position. (16) Booms. Cranes with elevatable (i) Enclosed by a railing or other booms and without operable automatic means providing protection equivalent limiting devices shall be provided with to that described in § 1917.112(c) of this boom stops if boom elevation can ex- chapter; ceed maximum design angles from the (ii) Fitted with toe boards if the plat- horizontal. form has open railings; (17) Foot pedals. Foot pedals shall (iii) A safety factor of four based on have a non-skid surface. ultimate strength; (18) Access. Ladders, stairways, stan- (iv) Bearing a plate or permanent chions, grab irons, foot steps or equiva- marking indicating maximum load rat- lent means shall be provided as nec- ing, which shall not be exceeded, and essary to ensure safe access to the weight of the platform itself; footwalks, cab platforms, the cab and (v) Equipped with a device to prevent any portion of the superstructure that access doors, when used, from opening employees must reach. accidentally; (b) Operations—(1) Use of cranes to- (vi) Equipped with overhead protec- gether. When two or more cranes hoist tion for employees on the platform if a load in unison, a designated person they are exposed to falling objects or shall direct the operation and instruct overhead hazards; and personnel in positioning, rigging of the (vii) Secured to the load line by load and movements to be made. means other than wedge and socket at- (2) Guarding of swing radius. Acces- tachments, unless the free (bitter) end sible areas within the swing radius of of the line is secured back to itself by the body of a revolving crane shall be a clamp placed as close above the physically guarded during operations wedge as possible. to prevent an employee from being (2) Except in an emergency, the caught between the body of the crane hoisting mechanism of all cranes or and any fixed structure or between derricks used to hoist personnel shall parts of the crane. operate only in power up and power (3) Prohibited usage. (i) Equipment down, with automatic brake applica- shall not be used in a way that exerts tion when not hoisting or lowering.

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(3) All cranes and derricks used to native device in proper working condi- hoist personnel shall be equipped with tion that shall meet the following cri- an anti-two-blocking device. teria: (4) Variable radius booms of a crane (i) The type or model of any load-in- or derrick used to hoist personnel shall dicating device used shall be such as to be so constructed or secured as to pre- provide: vent accidental boom movement. (A) A direct indication in the cab of (5) Platforms or devices used to hoist actual weight hoisted or a means of de- employees shall be inspected for de- termining this by reference to crane fects before each day’s use and shall be ratings posted and visible to the oper- removed from service if defective. ator, except that the use of a dyna- (6) Employees being hoisted shall re- mometer or simple scale alone will not main in continuous sight of and com- meet this requirement; or munication with the operator or sig- (B) An automatic weight-moment de- nalman. vice (e.g., a computer) providing indi- (7) Operators shall remain at the con- cations in the cab according to the ra- trols when employees are hoisted. dius and load at the moment; or (8) Cranes shall not travel while em- (C) A device that will prevent an ployees are hoisted, except in emer- overloaded condition. gencies or in normal tier-to-tier transfer of employees during container oper- (ii) The accuracy of the load-indi- ations. cating device, weight-moment device, (d) Routine inspection. (1) Designated or overload protection device shall be persons shall visually inspect each such that any indicated load (or limit), crane and derrick on each day of use including the sum of actual weight for defects in functional operating hoisted and additional equipment or components and shall report any defect ‘‘add ons’’ such as slings, sensors, found to the employer. The employer blocks, etc., is within the range be- shall inform the operator of the result tween 95 percent (5 percent underload) of the inspection. and 110 percent (10 percent overload) of (2) A designated person shall thor- the actual true total load. Such accu- oughly inspect all functional compo- racy shall be required over the range of nents and accessible structural fea- daily operating variables reasonably tures of each crane or device at month- anticipated under the conditions of ly intervals. use. (3) Any defects found during such in- (iii) The device shall enable the oper- spections that may create a safety haz- ator to decide before making any lift ard shall be corrected before further that the load indicating device or al- equipment use. Repairs shall be done ternative device is operative. In the al- only by designated persons. ternative, if the device is not so (4) A record of each monthly inspec- mounted or attached and does not in- tion shall be maintained for six months clude such means of checking, it shall in or on the crane or derrick or at the be certified by the manufacturer to re- terminal. main operative for a specific time. The (e) Protective devices. (1) When ex- device shall be checked for accuracy, posed moving parts such as gears, using known values of the load, at the chains and chain sprockets present a time of every certification survey (see hazard to employees during crane and § 1918.11) and at such additional times derrick operations, those parts shall be as may be recommended by the manu- securely guarded. facturer. (2) Crane hooks shall be latched or (iv) When the load indicating device otherwise secured to prevent acci- or alternative device is so arranged in dental load disengagement. the supporting system (crane struc- (f) Load-indicating devices. (1) Unless ture) that its failure could cause the exempted by the provisions of para- load to be dropped, its strength shall graph (f)(1)(viii) of this section, every not be the limiting factor of the sup- crane used to load or discharge cargo porting system (crane structure). into or out of a vessel shall be fitted (v) Units of measure in pounds or with a load-indicating device or alter- both pounds and kilograms (or other

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indicators of measurement, such as col- manufacturer for the purpose and in all ored indicator lights), capacity of the cases within the crane rating; indicating system, accuracy of the in- (B) While handling bulk commodities dicating system, and operating instruc- or cargoes by means of clamshell buck- tions and precautions shall be con- et or magnet; spicuously marked. If the system used (C) While used to handle or hold provides no readout but automatically hoses in connection with transfer of ceases crane operation when the rated bulk liquids, or other hose-handled load limit is reached under any specific products; or condition of use, the marking shall (D) While the crane is used exclu- provide the make and model of the de- sively to handle cargo or equipment vice installed, a description of what it whose total actual gross weight is does, how it is operated, and any nec- marked on the unit or units hoisted, essary precautions regarding the sys- and the total actual gross weight never tem. All of these markings shall be exceeds 11,200 lbs., and the load is less readily visible to the operator. than the rated capacity of the crane at (vi) All load indicating devices shall the maximum outreach possible at the operate over the full operating radius. time. Overall accuracy shall be based on ac- (2) [Reserved] tual applied loads and not on full scale [62 FR 40202, July 25, 1997, as amended at 65 (full capacity) load. FR 40945, June 30, 2000]

NOTE TO PARAGRAPH (f)(1)(vi): If the accu- § 1918.67 Notifying the ship’s officers racy of the load indicating device is based on before using certain equipment. full scale loads and the device is arbitrarily set at plus or minus 10 percent, it would ac- (a) The employer shall notify the of- cept a reading between 90,000 and 110,000 lbs. ficer in charge of the vessel before at full capacity for a machine with a max- bringing aboard ship internal combus- imum rating of 100,000 lbs. but would also tion or electric powered tools, equip- show a reading of between zero and 20,000 lbs. ment or vehicles. at that outreach (radius) at which the load (b) The employer shall also notify the would be 10,000 lbs.; this is clearly unaccept- able. If, however, the accuracy of the device officer in charge of the vessel before is based on actual applied loads under the using the ship’s electric power for the same conditions, the acceptable range would operation of any electric tools or remain the same with the 100,000-lb. load but equipment. would show a figure between 9,000 and 11,000 lbs. at the 10,000-lb. load; this is an accept- § 1918.68 Grounding. able reading. The frames of portable electrical (vii) When a load-indicating device equipment and tools, other than double uses the radius as a factor in its use or insulated tools and battery operated in its operating indications, the indi- tools, shall be grounded through a sep- cated radius (which may be in feet and/ arate equipment conductor run with or or meters, or degrees of boom angle, enclosing the circuit conductors. depending on the system used) shall be within the range between 97 percent § 1918.69 Tools. and 110 percent of the actual (true) ra- (a) General. Employers shall not issue dius. When radius is presented in de- or permit the use of visibly unsafe grees, and feet or meters are required tools. for necessary determinations, a conver- (b) Portable electric tools. (1) Portable sion chart shall be provided. hand-held electric tools shall be (viii) The load indicating device re- equipped with switches of a type that quirements of this paragraph do not must be manually held in a closed posi- apply to a crane: tion in order to operate the tool. (A) Of the trolley equipped bridge (2) All portable, power-driven cir- type while handling containers known cular saws shall be equipped with to be and identified as empty, or load- guards above and below the base plate ed, and in either case according to the or shoe. The upper guard shall cover provisions of § 1918.85(b) of this part, or the saw to the depth of the teeth, ex- while hoisting other lifts by means of a cept for the minimum arc required to lifting beam supplied by the crane permit the base to be tilted for bevel

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cuts. The lower guard shall cover the guided by guide ropes (tag lines) that saw to the depth of the teeth, except are long enough to control the load. for the minimum arc required to allow (i) No draft shall be hoisted unless proper retraction and contact with the the winch or crane operator(s) can work. When the tool is withdrawn from clearly see the draft itself or see the the work, the lower guard shall auto- signals of a signalman who is observing matically and instantly return to the the draft’s movement. covering position. (j) Intermodal containers shall be [62 FR 40202, July 25, 1997, as amended at 65 handled in accordance with § 1918.85. FR 40946, June 30, 2000] (k) The employer shall require that employees stay clear of the area be- §§ 1918.70–1918.80 [Reserved] neath overhead drafts or descending lifting gear. Subpart H—Handling Cargo (l) The employer shall not permit employees to ride the hook or the load, § 1918.81 Slinging. except as provided for in § 1918.85(g). (a) Drafts shall be safely slung before being hoisted. Loose dunnage or debris § 1918.82 Building drafts. hanging or protruding from loads shall (a) Drafts shall be built or means be removed. shall be taken to prevent cargo from (b) Cargo handling bridles, such as falling from them. pallet bridles, which are to remain at- (b) Buckets and tubs used in handling tached to the hoisting gear while hoist- bulk or frozen cargo shall not be loaded ing successive drafts, shall be attached above their rims. by shackles, or other positive means shall be taken to prevent them from § 1918.83 Stowed cargo; tiering and being accidentally disengaged from the breaking down. cargo hook. (a) When necessary to protect per- (c) Drafts of lumber, pipe, dunnage sonnel working in a hold, the employer and other pieces, the top layer of which shall secure or block stowed cargo that is not bound by the sling, shall be is likely to shift or roll. slung in a way that prevents sliders. Double slings shall be used on (b) In breaking down stowed cargo, unstrapped dunnage, unless, due to the precautions shall be taken to prevent size of hatch or deep tank openings, remaining cargo from falling. using them is impracticable. (c) Employees trimming bulk cargo (d) Case hooks shall be used only shall be checked in and out by the job with cases designed to be hoisted by boss. Before securing any reefer com- these hooks. partment, a check shall be made to en- (e) Bales of cotton, wool, cork, wood sure that no employee remains inside. pulp, gunny bags or similar articles Frequent checks shall be made to en- shall not be hoisted by straps unless sure the safety of any employee work- the straps are strong enough to support ing alone in a tank or cargo compart- the weight of the bale. At least two ment. hooks, each in a separate strap, shall § 1918.84 Bulling cargo. be used. (f) Unitized loads bound by bands or (a) Bulling cargo shall be done with straps may be hoisted by the banding the bull line led directly from the heel or strapping only if the banding or block. However, bulling may be done strapping is suitable for hoisting and is from the head of the boom when the strong enough to support the weight of nature of the cargo and the surface the load. over which it is dragged are such that (g) Additional means to maintain the the load cannot be stalled, or when the unitized loads during hoisting shall be winch actually does not have sufficient employed to ensure safe lifting of such strength, with the purchase used, to loads having damaged banding or overload the boom. strapping. (b) Snatch blocks shall be used to (h) Loads requiring continuous man- provide a fair lead for the bull line to ual guidance during handling shall be avoid unnecessary dragging of the bull

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line against coamings and obstruc- of that specific container, shall be pro- tions. vided to the crane or other hoisting (c) Snatch blocks shall not be used equipment operator and signalman, with the point of the hook resting on and to every supervisor and job boss on the flange of a beam, but shall be hung site and in charge of the operation. from padeyes, straps, or beam clamps. (3) Every outbound container re- Snatch blocks or straps shall not be ceived at a marine terminal ready to made fast to batten cleats or other in- load aboard a vessel without further secure fittings. consolidation or loading shall be (d) Beam frame clamps shall be so se- weighed to obtain the actual gross cured as to prevent their slipping, fall- weight, either at the terminal or else- ing, or being pulled from their sta- where, before being hoisted. tionary attachment. (4)(i) When container weighing scales (e) Falls led from cargo booms of ves- are found at a marine terminal, any sels shall not be used to move scows, outbound container with a load con- lighters or railcars. solidated at that terminal shall be weighed to obtain the actual weight be- § 1918.85 Containerized cargo oper- fore being hoisted. ations. (ii) If the terminal has no scales, the (a) Container markings. Every inter- actual gross weight may be calculated modal container shall be legibly and from the container’s contents and the permanently marked with: container’s empty weight. The weights (1) The weight of the container when used in the calculation shall be posted empty, in pounds; conspicuously on the container, with (2) The maximum cargo weight the the name of the person making the cal- container is designed to carry, in culation, and the date. pounds; and (5) Open top vehicle-carrying con- (3) The sum of the weight of the containers, and those built specifically and tainer and the maximum cargo weight, used solely for the carriage of com- in pounds. pressed gases, are excepted from para- (b) Container weight. No container graphs (b)(3) and (b)(4) of this section. shall be hoisted by any lifting appli- (6) Closed dry van containers car- ance unless the following conditions rying vehicles are exempted from para- have been met: graph (b)(4) of this section if: (1) The employer shall determine (i) The container carries only com- from the carrier whether a container to pletely assembled vehicles and no be hoisted is loaded or empty. Before other cargo; loading or discharging, empty con- (ii) The container is marked on the tainers shall be identified in a manner outside so that an employee can read- that will inform every supervisor and ily discern that the container is car- job boss on the site and in charge of rying vehicles; and loading or discharging, or every crane (iii) The vehicles were loaded into or other hoisting equipment operator the container at the marine terminal. and signalman, that such container is (7) The weight of loaded inbound con- empty. Methods of identification may tainers from foreign ports shall be de- include cargo plans, manifests, or termined by weighing, by the method markings on the container. of calculation described in paragraph (2) For a loaded container: (b)(4)(ii) of this section or by shipping (i) The actual gross weight shall be documents. plainly marked and visible to the crane (8) Any scale used within the United or other hoisting equipment operator States to weigh containers for the re- or signalman, or to every supervisor or quirements of this section shall meet job boss on site and in charge of the op- the accuracy standards of the state or eration; or local public authority in which the (ii) The cargo stowage plan or equiva- scale is found. lent permanently recorded display (c) Overloaded containers. No con- serving the same purpose, containing tainer shall be hoisted if its actual the actual gross weight and the serial gross weight exceeds the weight number or other positive identification marked as required in paragraph (a)(3)

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of this section, or it exceeds the capac- the horizontal for 40-foot (12.19 m) con- ity of the lifting appliance. tainers; 37 degrees for 30-foot (9.14 m) (d) Container inspection. (1) Prior to containers; and 45 degrees for 20-foot hoisting, each container shall be in- (6.1 m) containers. spected for any visible defects in struc- (iii) Lifting containers by fork lift tural members and fittings that would trucks or grappling arms from above or make the handling of such container from one side may be done only if the unsafe. container is designed for this type of (2) Any container found to have such handling. a defect shall either be handled by a (iv) Other means of hoisting may be special means to ensure safe handling used only if the containers and hoist- or shall be emptied before handling. ing means are designed for such use. (e) Suspended containers. The em- (2) Intermodal container spreaders. (i) ployer shall prohibit employees from When using intermodal container working beneath a suspended con- spreaders that employ lanyards for ac- tainer. tivation and load disengagement, all (f) Lifting fittings. Containers shall be possible precautions shall be taken to handled using lifting fittings or other prevent accidental release of the load. arrangements suitable and intended for (ii) Intermodal container spreaders the purpose as set forth in paragraphs that utilize automatic twist lock sys- (f)(1) and (f)(2) of this section, unless tems shall be designed and used so that damage to an intermodal container a suspended load cannot accidentally makes special means of handling nec- be released. essary. (g) Safe container top access. A safe (1) Loaded intermodal containers. means of access shall be provided for Loaded intermodal containers of 20 feet each employee required to work on the (6.1 m) or more shall be hoisted as fol- top of an intermodal container. Unless lows: ladders are used for access, such means (i) When hoisting containers by the shall comply with the requirements of top fittings, the lifting forces shall be § 1917.45(j) of this chapter. applied vertically from at least four (h) Employee hoisting prohibition. Em- such fittings. A less than vertical lift is ployees shall not be hoisted on inter- permitted only under the following modal container spreaders while a load conditions: is engaged. (A) The container being lifted is an (i) Portable ladder access. When other ISO ‘‘closed box container’’; safer means are available, portable lad- (B) The condition of the box is sound; ders shall not be used in gaining access (C) The speed of hoisting and low- to container stacks more than two con- ering is moderated when heavily tainers high. ladened containers 5 are encountered; (j) Fall protection—(1) Containers being (D) The lift angle is at 80 to 90 de- handled by container gantry cranes. (i) grees; After July 26, 1999, where a container (E) The distance between the lifting gantry crane is being used to handle beam and the load is at least 8 feet, 2.4 containers, the employer shall ensure inches (2.5 m); and that no employee is on top of a con- (F) The length of the spreader beam tainer. Exception: An employee may be is at least 16.3 feet (5 m) for a 20-foot on top of a container only to perform a container, and at least 36.4 feet (11.1 m) necessary function that cannot be for a 40-foot container. eliminated by the use of positive con- (ii) When hoisting containers from tainer securing devices. 6 bottom fittings, the hoisting connections shall bear on the fittings only, making no other contact with the con- 6 Examples of work that may not be elimi- tainer. The angles of the four bridle nated by positive container securing devices legs shall not be less than 30 degrees to and that may require employees to work on top of containers include, but are not limited to: installing or removing bridge clamps; 5 A heavily laden container is one that is hooking up or detaching over-height con- loaded to within 20 percent of its rated ca- tainers; or freeing a jammed semi-automatic pacity. twist lock.

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(ii) After July 26, 1999, the employer (5) Each component of a fall protec- shall ensure that positive container se- tion system shall be designed and used curing devices, such as semi-automatic to prevent accidental disengagement. twist locks and above deck cell guides, (6) Each fall protection system’s are used wherever container gantry fixed anchorages shall be capable of cranes are used to hoist containers. sustaining a force of 5,000 pounds (22.2 (iii) The employer shall ensure that kN) or be certified as capable of sus- each employee on top of a container is taining at least twice the potential im- protected from fall hazards by a fall pact load of an employee’s fall. Such protection system meeting the require- certification must be made by a quali- ments of paragraph (k) of this section. fied person. 7 When more than one em- (2) Containers being handled by other ployee is attached to an anchorage, hoisting devices. Where containers are these limits shall be multiplied by the being handled by hoisting devices other number of employees attached. than container gantry cranes, the em- (7) When ‘‘live’’ (activated) container ployer shall ensure that each employee gantry crane lifting beams or attached on top of a container is protected by a devices are used as anchorage points, fall protection system meeting the re- the following requirements apply: quirements of paragraph (k) of this sec- (i) The crane shall be placed into a tion. ‘‘slow’’ speed mode; (3) Other exposure to fall hazards. The (ii) The crane shall be equipped with employer shall ensure that each em- a remote shut-off switch that can stop ployee exposed to a fall hazard is pro- trolley, gantry, and hoist functions and tected by a fall protection system that is in the control of the em- meeting the requirements of paragraph ployee(s) attached to the beam; and (k) of this section. Exception: Where (iii) A visible or audible indicator the employer can demonstrate that fall shall be present to alert the exposed protection for an employee would be employee(s) when the remote shut-off infeasible or create a greater hazard is operational. due to vessel design, container design, (8) Fall protection system compo- container storage, other cargo stowage, nents, other than the anchorages, shall container handling equipment, lifting be certified as a unit of being capable gear, or port conditions, the employer of sustaining at least twice the poten- shall alert the affected employee about tial impact load of an employee’s fall. Such certification shall be made by a the fall hazard and instruct the em- qualified person. 8 ployee in ways to minimize exposure to (9) Each fall protection system shall that hazard. incorporate the use of a full body har- (k) Fall protection systems. When fall ness. protection systems required by para- (10) Each device, such as a safety graph (j) of this section are employed, cage, used to transport an employee(s) the following shall apply: by being attached to a container gan- (1) Each fall protection system com- try crane spreader, shall have a sec- ponent, except anchorages, shall have ondary means to prevent accidental fall arrest/restraint as its only use. disengagement and the secondary (2) Each fall protection system sub- means shall be engaged. jected to impact loading shall be immediately withdrawn from service and 7 not be used again until inspected and For the purposes of this paragraph, qualified person means one with a recognized de- determined by a designated person to gree or professional certificate and extensive be undamaged and suitable for use. knowledge and experience in the subject (3) Each fall protection system shall field who is capable of design, analysis, eval- be rigged so that a falling employee uation and specifications in the subject cannot contact any lower level stowage work, project, or product. or vessel structure. 8 For the purposes of this paragraph, quali- (4) Each fall protection system adopt- fied person means one with a recognized degree or professional certificate and extensive ed for use shall have an energy absorb- knowledge and experience in the subject ing mechanism that will produce an ar- field who is capable of design, analysis, eval- resting force on an employee of not uation and specifications in the subject greater than 1800 pounds (8 kN). work, project, or product.

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(11) Each fall protection system shall (e) Hazardous routes. Before the start be inspected before each day’s use by a of Ro-Ro operations, the employer designated person. Any defective com- shall identify any hazardous routes or ponents shall be removed from service. areas that could be mistaken for nor- (12) Before using any fall protection mal drive-on/drive-off routes. Such haz- system, the employee shall be trained ardous routes shall be clearly marked in the use and application limits of the and barricaded. equipment, proper hookup, anchoring (f) Air brake connections. Each tractor and tie-off techniques, methods of use, shall have all air lines connected when and proper methods of equipment in- pulling trailers equipped with air spection and storage. brakes and shall have the brakes tested (13) The employer shall establish and before commencing operations. implement a procedure to retrieve per- (g) Trailer load limits. After July 27, sonnel safely in case of a fall. 1998, flat bed and low boy trailers shall (l) Working along unguarded edges. be marked with their cargo capacities The employer shall provide, and ensure and shall not be overloaded. that the employee use, fall protection (h) Cargo weights. Cargo to be handled meeting the requirements of paragraph via a Ro-Ro ramp shall be plainly (k) of this section whenever the em- marked with its weight in pounds ployee works along an unguarded edge (kilograms). Alternatively, the cargo where a fall hazard exists (see § 1918.2 ). stow plan or equivalent record containing the actual gross weight of the (m) Vertical tandem lifts. Operations load may be used to determine the involving the lifting of two or more weight of the cargo. intermodal containers by the top con- (i) Tractors. Tractors used in Ro-Ro tainer shall be performed following operations shall have: § 1917.71(i) and (k)(1) of this chapter. (1) Sufficient power to ascend ramp [62 FR 40202, July 25, 1997, as amended at 65 inclines safely; and FR 40946, June 30, 2000; 73 FR 75290, Dec. 10, (2) Sufficient braking capacity to de- 2008] scend ramp inclines safely. (j) Safe speeds. Power driven vehicles § 1918.86 Roll-on roll-off (Ro-Ro) oper- used in Ro-Ro operations shall be operations (see also § 1918.2, Ro-Ro operated at speeds that are safe for pre- ations, and § 1918.25). vailing conditions. (a) Traffic control system. An orga- (k) Ventilation. Internal combustion nized system of vehicular and pedes- engine-driven vehicles shall be oper- trian traffic control shall be estab- ated only where adequate ventilation lished and maintained at each en- exists or is provided. (Air contaminant trance/exit ramp and on ramps within requirements are found in § 1918.94 and the vessel as traffic flow warrants. part 1910, subpart Z, of this chapter.) (b) Ramp load limit. Each ramp shall (l) Securing cargo. Cargo loaded or dis- be plainly marked with its load capac- charged during Ro-Ro operations shall ity. The marked capacity shall not be be secured to prevent sliding loads. exceeded. (m) Authorized personnel. Only au- (c) Pedestrian traffic. Bow, stern, and thorized persons shall be permitted on side port ramps also used for pedes- any deck while loading or discharging trian access shall meet the require- operations are being conducted. Such ments of § 1918.25. Such ramps shall authorized persons shall be equipped provide a physical separation between with high visibility vests (or equiva- pedestrian and vehicular routes. When lent protection 10). the design of the ramp prevents phys- NOTE TO PARAGRAPH (m): High visibility ical separation, a positive means shall vests or equivalent protection means high be established to prevent simultaneous visibility/retro-reflective materials which use of the ramp by vehicles and pedes- are intended to make the user clearly visible trians. by day through the use of high visibility (fluorescent) material and in the dark by vehicle (d) Ramp maintenance. Ramps shall be properly maintained and secured. 10 Decals on hard hats will not be considered equivalent protection for the purposes 9 [Reserved] of this paragraph.

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headlights through the use of retro-reflective the requirements of § 1918.23 shall be material. For example, an acceptable area of provided for each gang working along- material for a vest or equivalent protection side unless other safe means of access is .5 m2 (760 in.2) for fluorescent (background) material and .13m2 (197 in.2) for retro-reflec- (such as the vessel’s gangway) is pro- tive material. Vests or equivalent protec- vided. However, no more than two Ja- tion, such as high visibility/retro-reflective cob’s ladders are required for any sin- coveralls, that are available for industrial gle log boom being worked. use, may also be acceptable. (f) Life-ring. When working a log (n) Vehicle stowage positioning. Driv- boom alongside a ship, a U.S. Coast ers shall not drive vehicles, either for- Guard approved 30-inch (76.2 cm) life- ward or backward, while any personnel ring, with no less than 90 feet (27.4 m) are in positions where they could be of line, shall be provided either on the struck. floating unit itself or aboard the ship [62 FR 40202, July 25, 1997, as amended at 65 close to each floating unit being FR 40946, June 30, 2000] worked. (g) Rescue boat. When employees are § 1918.87 Ship’s cargo elevators. working on rafts or booms, a rescue (a) Safe working load. The safe work- boat capable of effecting an immediate ing loads of ship’s cargo elevators shall rescue shall be available. Powered res- be determined and followed. cue boats are required when the cur- (b) Load distribution. Loads shall be rent exceeds one knot. evenly distributed and maintained on (h) Log rafts. When an employee is the elevator’s platform. working logs out of the water, walking (c) Elevator personnel restrictions. Per- sticks 11 (safety sticks) shall be pro- sonnel shall not be permitted to ride on vided as follows: the elevator’s platform if a fall hazard (1) They shall be planked and be no exists. (See § 1918.2.) less than 24 inches (.61 m) wide; (d) Open deck barricades. During ele- (2) They shall extend along the entire vator operation, each open deck that presents a fall hazard to employees length of all rafts on the side(s) of the shall be effectively barricaded. vessel being worked, and to the means of access to the log raft(s); and § 1918.88 Log operations. (3) They shall be buoyant enough to (a) Working in holds. When loading keep the walking surface above the wa- logs into the holds of vessels and using terline when employees are walking on dumper devices to roll logs into the them. wings, the employer shall ensure that employees remain clear of areas where § 1918.89 Handling hazardous cargo logs being dumped could strike, roll (See also § 1918.2 and § 1918.99). upon, or pin them. Hazardous cargo shall be slung and (b) Personal flotation devices. Each em- secured so that neither the draft nor ployee working on a log boom shall be individual packages can fall because of protected by a personal flotation de- tipping of the draft or slacking of the vice meeting the requirements of supporting gear. § 1918.105(b)(2). (c) Footwear. The employer shall provide each employee that is working Subpart I—General Working logs with appropriate footwear, such as Conditions. spiked shoes or caulked sandals, and shall ensure that each employee wears § 1918.90 Hazard communication. appropriate footwear to climb or walk See § 1918.1(b)(4). on logs. (d) Lifelines. When employees are 11 A ‘‘walking stick’’ is two logs bolted or working on log booms or cribs, lifelines otherwise secured together with two or three shall be furnished and hung overside to planks firmly attached on top that serves as the water’s edge. a floating walking and working surface and (e) Jacob’s ladder. When a log boom is that is used in the loading of logs onto ves- being worked, a Jacob’s ladder meeting sels from the water.

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§ 1918.91 Housekeeping. operators or hatch tenders. On Ro-Ro (a) General. Active work areas shall ships, stationary lights shall not shine be kept free of equipment, such as lash- directly into the eyes of drivers. ing gear, and materials not in use, and (d) Portable lights. Portable lights clear of debris, projecting nails, strap- shall meet the following requirements: ping and other objects not necessary to (1) Portable lights shall be equipped the work in progress. with substantial reflectors and guards (b) Slippery surfaces. The employer to prevent materials from coming into shall eliminate conditions causing slip- contact with the bulb. pery walking and working surfaces in (2) Flexible electric cords used with immediate areas used by employees. temporary lights shall be designed by (c) Free movement of drafts. Dunnage the manufacturer for hard or extra- shall not be placed at any location hard usage. Temporary and portable where it interferes with the free move- lights shall not be suspended by their ment of drafts. electric cords unless the cords and (d) Dunnage height. Dunnage racked lights are designed for this means of against sweat battens or bulkheads suspension. Connections and insulation shall not be used when the levels of shall be maintained in safe condition. such racks are above the safe reach of (3) Electric conductors and fixtures employees. for portable lights shall be so arranged (e) Coaming clearance. Dunnage, hatch as to be free from contact with drafts, beams, tarpaulins or gear not in use running gear, and other moving equip- shall be stowed no closer than three ment. feet (.91 m) to the port and starboard (4) Portable cargo lights furnished by sides of the weather deck hatch coa- the employer for use aboard vessels ming. shall be listed as approved for marine (f) Nails. (1) Nails that are protruding use by the U.S. Coast Guard or by a na- from shoring or fencing in the work tionally recognized testing laboratory area shall be rendered harmless. (see § 1910.7). (2) Dunnage, lumber, or shoring ma- (e) Entry into darkened areas. Employ- terial in which there are visibly pro- ees shall not be permitted to enter truding nails shall be removed from the dark holds, compartments, decks or work area, or, if left in the area, the other spaces without a flashlight or nails shall be rendered harmless. other portable light. The use of (g) Ice aloft. Employees shall be pro- matches or open flames is prohibited. tected from ice that may fall from aloft. § 1918.93 Hazardous atmospheres and substances (See also § 1918.2). § 1918.92 Illumination. (a) Purpose and scope. This section (a) Walking, working, and climbing covers areas in which the employer areas. Walking, working, and climbing knows, or has reason to believe, that a areas shall be illuminated. Unless con- hazardous atmosphere or substance ditions described in the regulations of may exist, except where one or more of the U.S. Coast Guard (33 CFR 154.570) the following sections apply: exist for specific operations, illumina- § 1918.94(a), Carbon monoxide; tion for cargo transfer operations shall § 1918.94(b), Fumigated grains; be of a minimum light intensity of five § 1918.94(c), Fumigated tobacco; foot-candles (54 lux). Where work tasks § 1918.94(d), Other fumigated cargoes; require more light to be performed § 1918.94(e), Catch of menhaden and safely, supplemental lighting shall be similar species of fish. used. (b) Determination of the hazard. When (b) Intensity measurement. The light- the employer knows, or has reason to ing intensity shall be measured at the believe, that a space on a vessel con- task/working surface, in the plane in tains or has contained a hazardous at- which the task/working surface is mosphere, a designated and appro- present. priately equipped person shall test the (c) Arrangement of lights. Lights shall atmosphere prior to employee entry to be arranged so that they do not shine detect whether a hazardous atmosphere into the eyes of winch-drivers, crane exists.

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(c) Testing during ventilation. When ment, the employer shall ensure that mechanical ventilation is used to the atmosphere is tested as frequently maintain a safe atmosphere, tests shall as needed to prevent carbon monoxide be made by a designated person to en- (CO) concentrations from exceeding al- sure that the atmosphere is not haz- lowable limits. Such tests shall be ardous. made in the area in which employees (d) Entry into hazardous atmospheres. are working by persons competent in Only designated persons shall enter the use of the test equipment and pro- hazardous atmospheres, in which case cedures. If operations are in a deep the following provisions shall apply: tank or refrigerated compartment, the (1) Persons entering a space con- first test shall be made within one half taining a hazardous atmosphere shall hour of the time the engine starts. To be protected by respiratory and emer- decide the need for further testing, the gency protective equipment meeting initial test in all other cargo handling the requirements of subpart J of this areas shall be taken no later than one part; hour after the time the engine starts. (2) Persons entering a space con- (i) The CO content of the atmosphere taining a hazardous atmosphere shall in a compartment, hold, or any en- be instructed about the hazards, pre- closed space shall be maintained at not cautions to be taken, and the use of more than 50 parts per million (ppm) protective and emergency equipment. (0.005%) as an eight hour average area Standby observers, similarly equipped level and employees shall be removed and instructed, shall continuously from the enclosed space if the CO con- monitor the activity of employees centration exceeds a ceiling of 100 ppm within such space; (0.01%). Exception: The ceiling shall be (3) Except in emergency or rescue op- 200 ppm (0.02%) instead of 100 ppm erations, employees shall not enter any (0.01%) for Ro-Ro operations. atmosphere identified as flammable or NOTE TO PARAGRAPH (a)(1)(i): The term oxygen-deficient (less than 19.5% oxy- eight hour average area level means that for gen). Persons who may be required to any period in which the concentration ex- enter flammable or oxygen-deficient ceeds 50 parts per million, the concentration atmospheres in emergency operations shall be maintained for a corresponding pe- shall be instructed in the dangers at- riod below 50 parts per million. tendant to those atmospheres and be (ii) When both natural ventilation instructed in the use of self-contained and the vessel’s ventilation system are breathing apparatus which shall be inadequate to keep the CO concentra- used for entry. tion within the allowable limits, the (4) To prevent inadvertent employee employer shall use supplementary entry into spaces identified as having means to bring such concentration hazardous, flammable or oxygen-defi- within allowable limits, as determined cient atmospheres, appropriate warn- by monitoring. ing signs or equivalent means shall be (2) The intakes of portable blowers posted at all means of access to those and any exposed belt drives shall be spaces. guarded to prevent injury to employ- (e) Asbestos cargo leak. When the ees. packaging of asbestos cargo leaks, (3) The frames of portable blowers spillage shall be cleaned up by des- shall be grounded at the source of the ignated employees protected from the current by means of an equipment harmful effects of asbestos as required grounding conductor run with or en- by § 1910.1001 of this chapter. closing the circuit conductors. When § 1918.94 Ventilation and atmospheric the vessel is the source of the current, conditions (See also § 1918.2, defini- the equipment grounding conductor tions of Hazardous cargo, materials, shall be bonded to the structure of the substance or atmosphere and Ro-Ro vessel. Electric cords shall be free from operations). visible defects. (a) Ventilation with respect to carbon (b) Fumigated grains. (1) Before com- monoxide. (1) When internal combustion mencing to handle bulk grain in any engines exhaust into a hold, intermediate deck, or any other compart- 12 [Reserved]

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compartment of a vessel in which em- centration of fumigants must be en- ployees will or may be present, the em- tered for testing of the atmosphere, or ployer shall: for emergency purposes, each employee (i) Determine whether the grain has entering shall be protected by res- been or will be fumigated at the eleva- piratory protective equipment fol- tor; and lowing the provisions of § 1918.102, and (ii) Determine whether that compart- by any protective clothing and other ment, or any cargo within it loaded at personal protective equipment rec- a prior berth, has been treated with a ommended by the fumigant manufac- fumigant or any other chemical. turer for protection against the par- (2) If fumigant or chemical treatment ticular hazard. At least two other em- has been carried out, or if there is rea- ployees shall be stationed outside the son to suspect that such treatment has compartment as observers, to provide been carried out, it shall be determined by atmospheric testing that the com- rescue services in case of emergency. partment’s atmosphere is within allow- The observers shall be equipped with able limits. (See paragraph (b)(3) of similar personal protective equipment. this section.) (v) One or more employees on duty (3) A test of the fumigant concentra- shall be equipped and trained to pro- tion in the atmosphere of the compart- vide any specific emergency medical ment shall be made after loading be- treatment stipulated for the particular gins and before employees enter the fumigant. compartment. Additional tests shall be (vi) Emergency equipment required made as often as necessary to ensure by this paragraph shall be readily ac- that hazardous concentrations do not cessible wherever fumigated grains are develop. being handled. (i) Tests for fumigant concentration (4) If a compartment is treated for shall be conducted by a designated per- local infestation before loading grain son, who shall be thoroughly familiar by a chemical other than a fumigant, with the characteristics of the fumi- the employee applying the treatment, gant being used, the correct procedure and any other employees entering the for measurement, the proper measuring compartment, shall be provided with equipment to be used, the fumigant and required to use any personal pro- manufacturers’ recommendations and tective equipment recommended by the warnings, and the proper use of personal protective equipment to guard manufacturer of the product to protect against the specific hazard. them against the effects of exposure. (ii) If the concentration in any com- (c) Fumigated tobacco. The employer partment reaches the level specified as shall not load break-bulk tobacco until hazardous by the fumigant manufac- the carrier has provided written notifi- turer, or exceeds the permissible expo- cation about whether or not the cargo sure limits of part 1910, subpart Z of has been fumigated. If break-bulk to- this chapter, whichever is lower, all bacco cargo has been treated with any employees shall be removed from such toxic fumigant, loading shall not com- compartments and shall not be per- mence until a written warranty has mitted to reenter until tests prove that been received from the fumigation fa- the atmosphere is within allowable cility that the aeration of the cargo limits. has been such as to reduce the con- (iii) No employee shall be permitted centration of the fumigant to within to enter any compartment in which the level specified as hazardous by the grain fumigation has been carried out, fumigant manufacturer, or does not ex- or any compartment immediately next ceed the permissible exposure limits of to such a compartment, until it has part 1910, subpart Z of this chapter, been determined by testing that the at- whichever is lower. Such notification mosphere in the compartment to be en- and warranty shall be maintained for tered is within allowable limits for at least 30 days after the loading of the entry. (iv) In the event a compartment con- tobacco has been completed, and shall taining a hazardous or unknown con- be available for inspection.

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(d) Other fumigated cargoes. Before longshoring operations are conducted commencing to load or discharge fumi- at locations without permanent facili- gated cargo other than the cargo spe- ties, potable water may be provided in- cifically addressed in paragraphs (b) stead of running water); and (c) of this section, the employer (ii) Soap; shall determine that the concentration (iii) Individual hand towels, clean in- of fumigants is within the level speci- dividual sections of continuous tow- fied as hazardous by the fumigant man- eling, or warm air blowers; and ufacturer, or does not exceed the per- (iv) Fixed or portable toilets in sepa- missible exposure limits of part 1910, rate compartments with latch- subpart Z of this chapter, whichever is equipped doors. Separate toilet facili- lower. ties shall be provided for male and fe- (e) Grain dust. When employees are male employees unless toilet rooms exposed to concentrations of grain dust will be occupied by only one person at greater than the allowable limit found a time. in subpart Z of part 1910 of this chap- (2) Washing and toilet facilities shall ter, they shall be protected by suitable be regularly cleaned and maintained in respiratory protective equipment as re- good order. quired by § 1918.102. (b) Drinking water. (1) Potable drink- (f) Catch of menhaden and similar spe- ing water shall be accessible to em- cies of fish. (1) The provisions of this ployees at all times. paragraph shall not apply to vessels (2) Potable drinking water containers having and utilizing refrigerated holds shall be clean, containing only water for the carriage of all cargo. and ice, and shall be fitted with covers. (2) After a vessel has arrived at berth (3) Common drinking cups are prohib- for discharge of menhaden, but before ited. personnel enter the hold, and as fre- (c) Prohibited eating areas. Consump- quently thereafter as tests show to be tion of food or beverages in areas where necessary, tests shall be made of the hazardous materials are stowed or atmosphere in the vessel’s hold to en- being handled is prohibited. sure a safe work space. The tests shall (d) Garbage and overboard discharges. be done for the presence of hydrogen Work shall not be conducted close to sulfide and for oxygen deficiency. uncovered garbage or in the way of (3) Tests required by paragraph (f)(2) overboard discharges from the vessel’s of this section shall be made by des- sanitary lines unless employees are ignated supervisory personnel, trained protected from the garbage or dis- and competent in the nature of hazards charge by a baffle or splash boards. and the use of test equipment and procedures. EFFECTIVE DATE NOTE: At 76 FR 33610, June 8, 2011, § 1918.95 was amended by revising (4) Before employees enter a hold it paragraph (a)(1)(iii), effective July 8, 2011. shall be tested for hydrogen sulfide and For the convenience of the user, the added oxygen deficiency. Employees shall not and revised text is set forth as follows: enter the hold when the hydrogen sulfide level exceeds 20 ppm ceiling or § 1918.95 Sanitation. when the oxygen content is less than (a) * * * 19.5 percent, except in emergencies. (1) * * * (iii) Individual hand towels, clean indi- [62 FR 40202, July 25, 1997, as amended at 65 vidual sections of continuous toweling, or air FR 40946, June 30, 2000] blowers; and

§ 1918.95 Sanitation. * * * * * (a) Washing and toilet facilities. (1) Ac- cessible washing and toilet facilities § 1918.96 Maintenance and repair sufficient for the sanitary require- work in the vicinity of longshoring ments of employees shall be readily ac- operations. cessible at the worksite. The facilities (a) Noise interference (See also shall have: § 1918.1(b)(6).) Longshoring operations (i) Running water, including hot and shall not be carried on when noise cold or tepid water, at a minimum of interferes with communications of one accessible location (when warnings or instructions.

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(b) Falling objects. Longshoring oper- (2) Stretchers shall be kept close to ations shall not be carried on in the vessels and shall be positioned to avoid hold or on deck beneath work being damage to the stretcher. conducted overhead whenever such (3) A blanket or other suitable cov- work exposes the employee to a hazard ering shall be available. of falling objects. (4) Stretchers shall have at least four (c) Hot work. Longshoring operations sets of effective patient restraints in shall not be carried on where the em- operable condition. (5) Lifting bridles shall be of ade- ployee is exposed to damaging light quate strength, capable of lifting 1,000 rays, hot metal, or sparks from welding pounds (454 kg) with a safety factor of or cutting. five (lifting capability of 5,000 pounds), (d) Abrasive blasting and spray paint- and shall be maintained in operable ing. Longshoring operations shall not condition. Lifting bridles shall be pro- be carried on in the immediate vicinity vided for making vertical patient lifts of abrasive blasting or spray painting at container berths. Stretchers for operations. vertical lifts shall have foot plates. (e) Machine guarding. (See also (6) Stretchers shall be maintained in § 1918.2, definition of ‘‘Danger zone’’.) operable condition. Struts and braces (1) Danger zones on machines and shall be inspected for damage. Wire equipment used by employees shall be mesh shall be secured and have no guarded. burrs. Damaged stretchers shall not be (2) The power supply to machines used until repaired. shall be turned off, locked out, and (7) Stretchers in permanent locations tagged out during repair, adjustment, shall be mounted to prevent damage or servicing. and be protected from the elements if located out-of-doors. If concealed from § 1918.97 First aid and lifesaving facili- view, enclosures shall be marked to in- ties. (See appendix V of this part). dicate the location of the lifesaving (a) Injury reporting. The employer equipment. shall require each employee to report (e) Life-rings. (1) The employer shall ensure that there is in the vicinity of every work-related injury, regardless each vessel being worked at least one of severity, to the employer. U.S. Coast Guard approved 30-inch (76.2 (b) First aid. A first aid kit shall be cm) life-ring with no less than 90 feet available at or near each vessel being (27.43 m) of line attached, and at least worked. At least one person holding a one portable or permanent ladder that valid first aid certificate, such as is will reach from the top of the apron to issued by the Red Cross or other equiv- the surface of the water. alent organization, shall be available (2) In addition, when working a to render first aid when work is in barge, scow, raft, lighter, log boom, or progress. carfloat alongside a ship, a U.S. Coast (c) First aid kits. First aid kits shall Guard approved 30-inch (76.2 cm) life- be weatherproof and shall contain indi- ring, with no less than 90 feet (27.43 m) vidual sealed packages for each item of line shall be provided either on the that must be kept sterile. The contents floating unit itself or aboard the ship of each kit shall be determined by a in the immediate vicinity of each float- person certified in first aid and cog- ing unit being worked. nizant of the hazards found in marine (f) Communication. Telephone or cargo handling operations. The con- equivalent means of communication tents shall be checked at intervals that shall be readily available at the work- allow prompt replacement of expended site. items. [62 FR 40202, July 25, 1997, as amended at 65 (d) Stretchers. (1) For each vessel FR 40946, June 30, 2000] being worked, at least one Stokes basket stretcher, or its equivalent, shall § 1918.98 Qualifications of machinery be available to be permanently operators and supervisory training. equipped with bridles for attachment (a) Qualification of machinery opera- to the hoisting gear. tors. (1) Only an employee determined

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by the employer to be competent by § 1918.99 Retention of DOT markings, reason of training or experience, and placards and labels. who understands the signs, notices and (a) Any employer who receives a operating instructions and is familiar package of hazardous material that is with the signal code in use, shall be required to be marked, labeled or plac- permitted to operate a crane, winch, or arded in accordance with the U.S. De- other power-operated cargo handling partment of Transportation’s Haz- apparatus, or any power-operated vehi- ardous Materials Regulations (49 CFR cle, or give signals to the operator of parts 171 through 180) shall retain those any hoisting apparatus. However, an markings, labels and placards on the employee being trained and supervised package until the packaging is suffi- by a designated person may operate ciently cleaned of residues and purged such machinery and give signals to op- of vapors to remove any potential haz- erators during training. ards. (2) No employee known to have defec- (b) Any employer who receives a tive uncorrected eyesight or hearing, freight container, rail freight car, or to be suffering from heart disease, motor vehicle, or transport vehicle epilepsy, or similar ailments that may that is required to be marked or plac- suddenly incapacitate the employee, arded in accordance with the Haz- shall be permitted to operate a crane, ardous Materials Regulations shall re- winch or other power-operated cargo tain those markings and placards on handling apparatus or a power-oper- the freight container, rail freight car, ated vehicle. motor vehicle or transport vehicle NOTE TO PARAGRAPH (a)(2): OSHA is defin- until the hazardous materials that re- ing suddenly incapacitating medical ail- quire the marking or placarding are ments consistent with the Americans with sufficiently removed to prevent any po- Disabilities Act (ADA), 42 U.S.C. 12101 (1990). tential hazards. Therefore, employers who act in accordance (c) Markings, placards and labels with the employment provisions (Title I) of shall be maintained in a manner that the ADA (42 U.S.C. 12111–12117), the regula- ensures that they are readily visible. tions implementing Title I (29 CFR Part (d) For non-bulk packages that will 1630), and the Technical Assistance Manual for Title I issued by the Equal Employment not be reshipped, the provisions of the Opportunity Commission (Publication num- section are met if a label or other ac- ber: EEOC-M1A), will be considered as being ceptable marking is affixed in accord- in compliance with this paragraph. ance with OSHA’s Hazard Communica- tion Standard (29 CFR 1910.1200). (b) Supervisory accident prevention pro- (e) For the purposes of this section, ficiency. (1) By July 16, 1999, each im- the term ‘‘hazardous material’’ has the mediate supervisor of a cargo handling same definition as in the Hazardous operation of more than five persons Materials Regulations (49 CFR parts shall satisfactorily complete a course 171 through 180). in accident prevention. (2) Each employee newly assigned to § 1918.100 Emergency action plans. supervisory duties after that date shall (a) Scope and application. This section be required to meet the provisions of requires all employers to develop and this paragraph within 90 days of such implement an emergency action plan. 14 assignment. The emergency action plan shall be in (3) The accident prevention course writing (except as provided in the last shall consist of instruction suited to sentence of paragraph (e)(3) of this sec- 13 the particular operations involved. tion) and shall cover those designated [62 FR 40202, July 25, 1997, as amended at 65 actions employers and employees must FR 40946, June 30, 2000] nation; applicable regulations; and accident 13 The following are recommended topics: investigations. Safety responsibility and authority; ele- 14 When an employer directs his employees ments of accidents prevention; attitudes, to respond to an emergency that is beyond leadership and motivation; hazards of the scope of the Emergency Action Plan, a longshoring, including peculiar local cir- plan developed in accordance with cumstances; hazard identification and elimi- § 1910.120(q) of this chapter shall apply.

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take to ensure employee safety from plan orally to employees and need not fire and other emergencies. maintain a written plan. (b) Elements. The following elements, [62 FR 40202, July 25, 1997, as amended at 65 at a minimum, shall be included in the FR 40946, June 30, 2000] plan: (1) Emergency escape procedures and Subpart J—Personal Protective emergency escape route assignments; (2) Procedures to be followed by em- Equipment ployees who remain to operate critical § 1918.101 Eye and face protection. operations before they evacuate; (3) Procedures to account for all em- (a) The employer shall ensure that: ployees after emergency evacuation (1)(i) Employers must ensure that has been completed; each employee uses appropriate eye (4) Rescue and medical duties for and/or face protection when the em- those employees who are to perform ployee is exposed to an eye or face haz- them; ard, and that protective eye and face (5) The preferred means of reporting devices comply with any of the fol- fires and other emergencies; and lowing consensus standards: (6) Names or regular job titles of per- (A) ANSI Z87.1–2003, ‘‘American Na- sons or departments that can be con- tional Standard Practice for Occupa- tacted for further information or expla- tional and Educational Eye and Face nation of duties under the plan. Protection,’’ which is incorporated by reference in § 1918.3; (c) Alarm system. The employer shall establish an employee alarm system (B) ANSI Z87.1–1989 (R1998), ‘‘Amer- that provides warning for necessary ican National Standard Practice for emergency action or for reaction time Occupational and Educational Eye and for safe escape of employees from the Face Protection,’’ which is incor- workplace or the immediate work area, porated by reference in § 1918.3; or or both. (C) ANSI Z87.1–1989, ‘‘American Na- (d) Evacuation. The employer shall tional Standard Practice for Occupa- establish the types of evacuation to be tional and Educational Eye and Face used in emergency circumstances. Protection,’’ which is incorporated by reference in § 1918.3. (e) Training. (1) Before implementing the emergency action plan, the em- (ii) Protective eye and face protec- ployer shall designate and train a suffi- tion devices that the employer dem- cient number of persons to assist in the onstrates are at least as effective as safe and orderly emergency evacuation protective eye and face protection de- of employees. vices that are constructed in accord- (2) The employer shall review the ance with one of the above consensus plan with each employee covered by standards will be deemed to be in com- the plan at the following times: pliance with the requirements of this section. (i) Initially when the plan is developed; (2) For an employee wearing corrective glasses, eye protection equipment (ii) Whenever the employee’s respon- required by paragraph (a)(1) of this sec- sibilities or designated actions under tion shall be of the type that can be the plan change; and worn over glasses. Prescription-ground (iii) Whenever the plan is changed. safety lenses may be substituted if (3) The employer shall review with they provide equivalent protection. each employee upon initial assignment (b) Eye protection shall be main- those parts of the plan that the em- tained in good condition. ployee must know to protect the employee in the event of an emergency. (c) Used eye protection shall be The written plan shall be kept at the cleaned and disinfected before issuance workplace and made available for em- to another employee. ployee review. Employers with 10 or [62 FR 40202, July 25, 1997, as amended at 74 fewer employees may communicate the FR 46361, Sept. 9, 2009]

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§ 1918.102 Respiratory protection. (ii) ANSI Z41–1999, ‘‘American Na- tional Standard for Personal Protec- (See § 1918.1(b)(8)). tion—Protective Footwear,’’ which is [65 FR 40946, June 30, 2000] incorporated by reference in § 1918.3; or (iii) ANSI Z41–1991, ‘‘American Na- § 1918.103 Head protection. tional Standard for Personal Protec- (a) The employer shall ensure that tion—Protective Footwear,’’ which is each affected employee wears a protec- incorporated by reference in § 1918.3. tive helmet when working in areas (2) Protective footwear that the em- where there is a potential for injury to ployer demonstrates is at least as ef- the head from falling objects. fective as protective footwear that is (b)(1) The employer must ensure that constructed in accordance with one of head protection complies with any of the above consensus standards will be the following consensus standards: deemed to be in compliance with the (i) ANSI Z89.1–2003, ‘‘American Na- requirements of this section. tional Standard for Industrial Head Protection,’’ which is incorporated by [62 FR 40202, July 25, 1997, as amended at 74 FR 46361, Sept. 9, 2009] reference in § 1918.3; (ii) ANSI Z89.1–1997, ‘‘American Na- § 1918.105 Other protective measures. tional Standard for Industrial Head Protection,’’ which is incorporated by (a) Protective clothing. (1) The em- reference in § 1918.3; or ployer shall provide and shall require (iii) ANSI Z89.1–1986, ‘‘American Na- the wearing of special protective cloth- tional Standard for Personnel Protec- ing for each employee engaged in work tion—Protective Headwear for Indus- where protective clothing is necessary. trial Workers—Requirements,’’ which (2) When necessary, protective cloth- is incorporated by reference in § 1918.3. ing shall be cleaned and disinfected be- (2) Head protection devices that the fore reissuance. employer demonstrates are at least as (b) Personal flotation devices (PFDs). effective as head protection devices (1) The employer shall provide and that are constructed in accordance shall require the wearing of PFDs for with one of the above consensus stand- each employee engaged in work in ards will be deemed to be in compli- which the employee might fall into the ance with the requirements of this sec- water. tion. (2) PFDs (life preservers, life jackets, (c) Previously worn protective hats or work vests) worn by each affected shall be cleaned and disinfected before employee must be United States Coast issuance by the employer to another Guard (USCG) approved pursuant to 46 employee. CFR part 160 (Type I, II, III, or V PFD) and marked for use as a work vest, for [62 FR 40202, July 25, 1997, as amended at 74 commercial use, or for use on vessels. FR 46361, Sept. 9, 2009] (3) Personal flotation devices shall be § 1918.104 Foot protection. maintained in safe condition and shall be considered unserviceable when dam- (a) The employer shall ensure that aged in a manner that affects buoyancy each affected employee wears protec- or fastening capability. tive footwear when working in areas where there is a danger of foot injuries [62 FR 40202, July 25, 1997, as amended at 65 due to falling or rolling objects or ob- FR 40946, June 30, 2000] jects piercing the sole. (b)(1) The employer must ensure that § 1918.106 Payment for protective protective footwear complies with any equipment. of the following consensus standards: (a) Except as provided by paragraphs (i) ASTM F–2412–2005, ‘‘Standard Test (b) through (f) of this section, the pro- Methods for Foot Protection,’’ and tective equipment, including personal ASTM F–2413–2005, ‘‘Standard Speci- protective equipment (PPE), used to fication for Performance Requirements comply with this part, shall be pro- for Protective Footwear,’’ which are vided by the employer at no cost to incorporated by reference in § 1918.3; employees.

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(b) The employer is not required to guage in this appendix is taken directly from pay for non-specialty safety-toe protec- the recommended ILO document. tive footwear (including steel-toe shoes Form No. 1 or steel-toe boots) and non-specialty prescription safety eyewear, provided IDENTITY OF NATIONAL AUTHORITY OR COM- that the employer permits such items PETENT ORGANIZATION REGISTER OF SHIPS’ to be worn off the job-site. LIFTING APPLIANCES AND CARGO HANDLING GEAR (c) When the employer provides metatarsal guards and allows the em- Name of Ship llllllllllllllll ployee, at his or her request, to use Official Number lllllllllllllll shoes or boots with built-in metatarsal Call Sign llllllllllllllllll protection, the employer is not re- Port of Registry lllllllllllllll quired to reimburse the employee for Name of Owner lllllllllllllll the shoes or boots. Register Number llllllllllllll (d) The employer is not required to Date of Issue llllllllllllllll pay for: (1) Everyday clothing, such as long- Issued by llllllllllllllllll sleeve shirts, long pants, street shoes, Signature and Stamp llllllllllll and normal work boots; or NOTE: This register is the standard inter- (2) Ordinary clothing, skin creams, or national form as recommended by the Inter- other items, used solely for protection national Labour Office in accordance with from weather, such as winter coats, the ILO Convention No. 152. jackets, gloves, parkas, rubber boots, GENERAL hats, raincoats, ordinary sunglasses, The tests, examinations and inspections and sunscreen. indicated in this register are based on the re- (e) The employer must pay for requirements of ILO Convention 152 and Rec- placement PPE, except when the em- ommendation 160. They are intended to en- ployee has lost or intentionally dam- sure that ships having lifting appliances are aged the PPE. initially certified by a competent person, (f) Where an employee provides ade- and to establish periodically that they con- quate protective equipment he or she tinue to be in safe working order to the satisfaction of a competent person acceptable owns, the employer may allow the em- to a competent authority. A Register of lift- ployee to use it and is not required to ing appliances and items of loose gear shall reimburse the employee for that equip- be kept in a form prescribed by the com- ment. The employer shall not require petent authority, account being taken of an employee to provide or pay for his this model recommended by the Inter- or her own PPE, unless the PPE is ex- national Labour Office. This Register and re- cepted by paragraphs (b) through (e). lated certificates shall be kept available to any person authorized by the competent au- (g) This section shall become effec- thority. The Register and certificates for tive on February 13, 2008. Employers gear currently aboard the ship shall be pre- must implement the PPE payment reserved for at least five years after the date of quirements no later than May 15, 2008. the last entry. NOTE TO § 1918.106: When the provisions of INSTRUCTION another OSHA standard specify whether or not the employer must pay for specific 1. Initial Examination and Certification equipment, the payment provisions of that standard shall prevail. 1.1. Every lifting appliance shall be certified by a competent person before being [72 FR 64429, Nov. 15, 2007] taken into use for the first time to ensure that it is of good design and construction APPENDIX I TO PART 1918—CARGO GEAR and of adequate strength for the purpose for REGISTER AND CERTIFICATES (NON- which it is intended. MANDATORY) 1.2. Before being taken into use for the first time, a competent person shall super- NOTE: This appendix is non-mandatory and vise and witness testing, and shall thor- provides guidance to part 1918 to assist em- oughly examine every lifting appliance. ployers and employees in complying with the 1.3. Every item of loose gear shall, before requirements of this standard, as well as to being taken into use for the first time, shall provide other helpful information. Nothing be tested, thoroughly examined and certified in this appendix adds or detracts from any of by a competent person, in accordance with the requirements of this standard. The lan- national law or regulations.

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1.4. Upon satisfactory completion of the amination are to be recorded by the com- procedures indicated above, the competent petent person in part I of the Register. person shall complete and issue the Register of lifting appliances and attach the appro- 3. Inspections priate certificates. An entry shall be made in 3.1. Regular visual inspections of every part I of the Register. item of loose gear shall be carried out by a 1.5. A rigging plan showing the arrange- responsible person before use. A record of ment of lifting appliances shall be provided. these regular inspections is to be entered in In the case of derricks and derrick cranes, part II of the Register, but entries need only the rigging should show at least the fol- be made when the inspection has indicated a lowing information: defect in the item. (a) The position of guys; (b) The resultant force on blocks, guys, 4. Certificates wire ropes and booms; 4.1. The certification forms to be used in (c) The position of blocks; conjunction with this Register (Form No. 1) (d) The identification mark of individual are as follows: items; and (Form No. 2)—Certificate of test and thor- (e) Arrangements and working range of ough examination of lifting appliance. union purchase. (Form No. 2(U))—Certificate of test and thorough examination of derricks used in 2. Periodic Examination and Re-testing union purchase. 2.1. All lifting appliances and every item of (Form No. 3)—Certificate of test and thor- loose gear shall be thoroughly examined by a ough examination of loose gear. competent person at least once in every (Form No. 4)—Certificate of test and thor- twelve months. The particulars of these ough examination of wire rope. thorough examinations shall be entered in part I of the Register. DEFINITIONS 2.2. Re-testing and thorough examination (a) The term ‘‘competent authority’’ of all lifting appliances and every item of means a minister, government department, loose gear is to be carried out: or other authority empowered to issue regu- (a) after any substantial alteration or re- lations, orders or other instructions having newal, or after repair to any stress bearing the force of law. part, and (b) The term ‘‘competent person’’ means a (b) in the case of lifting appliances, at person appointed by the master of the ship least once in every five years. or the owner of the gear to be responsible for 2.3. The retesting referred to in paragraph the performance of inspections and who has 2.2(a) may be omitted provided the part sufficient knowledge and experience to un- which has been renewed or repaired is sub- dertake such inspections. jected by separate test, to the same stress as (c) The term ‘‘thorough examination’’ would be imposed on it if it had been tested means a detailed visual examination by a in-situ during the testing of the lifting appli- competent person, supplemented if necessary ance. by other suitable means or measures in order 2.4. The thorough examinations and tests to arrive at a reliable conclusion as to the referred to in paragraph 2.2. are to be entered safety of the lifting appliance or item of in part I of the Register. loose gear examined. 2.5. No new item of loose gear shall be (d) The term ‘‘lifting appliance’’ covers all manufactured of wrought iron. Heat treat- stationary or mobile cargo handling appli- ment of any existing wrought iron compo- ances used on board ship for suspending, nents should be carried out to the satisfac- raising or lowering loads or moving them tion of the competent person. No heat treat- from one position to another while sus- ment should be applied to any item of loose pended or supported. gear unless the treatment is in accordance (e) The term ‘‘loose gear’’ covers any gear with the manufacturer’s instruction; and to by means of which a load can be attached to the satisfaction of the competent person. a lifting appliance, but which does not form Any heat treatment and the associated ex- an integral part of the appliance or load.

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THE FOLLOWING ARE SAMPLE FORMS OF CERTIFICATES AS RECOMMENDED BY THE ILO [Part I—Thorough Examination of Lifting Appliances and Loose Gear]

I certify that on the date to which I have appended Situation and description of my signature, the gear lifting appliances and loose shown in col. (1) was gear (with distinguishing Certificate Examination performed thoroughly examined and Remarks (to be dated and numbers or marks, if any) Nos. (see note 2) no defects affecting its signed) which have been thor- (2) (3) safe working condition (5) oughly examined. (See were found other than note 1) those shown in col. (5) (1) (date and signature) (4)

......

NOTE 1: If all the lifting appliances are thoroughly examined on the same date it will be sufficient to enter in Col. (1) ‘‘All lifting appliances and loose gear’’. If not, the parts that have been thoroughly examined on the dates stated must be clearly indicated. NOTE 2: The thorough examinations to be indicated in Col. (3) include: (a) Initial. (b) 12 monthly. (c) 5 yearly. (d) Repair/Damage. (e) Other thorough examinations. [Part II—Regular Inspections of Loose Gear]

Situation and description of loose gear (with distinguishing numbers or marks, if Signature and date of the responsible any) that has been inspected. person carrying out the inspection Remarks (to be dated and signed) (See note 1)

NOTE 1: All loose gear should be inspected before use. However, entries need only be made when the inspection discloses a defect.

Form No. 2 Official Number lllllllllllllll Call Sign Identity of National Authority or Competent Or- llllllllllllllllll ganization Certificate of Test and Thorough Port of Registry lllllllllllllll Examination of Lifting Appliances Name of Owner lllllllllllllll Name of Ship llllllllllllllll Certificate No. lllllllllllllll

Situation and description of lifting appliances (with distin- Safe working load at angle or guishing numbers or marks, if Angle to the horizontal or radius Test load (tonnes) radius shown in col. 2 any) which have been tested at which test load applied (3) (tonnes) and thoroughly examined (2) (4) (1)

Name and address of the firm or competent Place: llllllllllllllllllll person who witnessed testing and carried out Signature: llllllllllllllllll thorough examination. I certify that on the date to which I have NOTE: This certificate is the standard appended my signature, the gear shown in international form as recommended by the Col. (1) was tested and thoroughly examined International Labor Office in accordance and no defects or permanent deformation with ILO Convention No. 152. was found and that the safe working load is as shown. Date: llllllllllllllllllll

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Reverse of Form No. 2 safe working load, it will be sufficient to lift the greatest possible load, but in general this INSTRUCTIONS should not be less than 10 percent in excess 1. Every lifting appliance shall be tested of the safe working load. with a test load which shall exceed the Safe 4. As a general rule, tests should be carried Working Load (SWL) as follows: out using test loads, and no exception should be allowed in the case of initial tests. In the SWL Test load case of repairs/replacement or when the periodic examination calls for re-test, consider- Up to 20 tonnes ...... 25 percent in excess. ation may be given to the use of spring or 20 to 50 tonnes ...... 5 tonnes in excess. hydraulic balances provided the SWL of the Over 50 tonnes ...... 10 percent in excess. lifting appliance does not exceed 15 tonnes. Where a spring or hydraulic balance is used, 2. In the case of derrick systems, the test it shall be calibrated and accurate to within load shall be lifted with the ship’s normal #2 percent and the indicator should remain tackle with the derrick at the minimum constant for five minutes. angle to the horizontal for which the derrick 4.1. If the test weights are not used, this is system was designed (generally 15 degrees), to be indicated in Col. (3). or at such greater angle as may be agreed. 5. The expression ‘‘tonne’’ shall mean a The angle at which the test was made should tonne of 1000 kg. be stated in the certificate. 6. The terms ‘‘competent person’’, ‘‘thor- 2.1. The SWL shown is applicable to swing- ough examination’’, and ‘‘lifting appliance’’ ing derrick systems only. When derricks are are defined in Form No. 1. used in union purchase, the SWL (U) is to be shown on Form 2 (U). NOTE: For recommendations on test proce- 2.2. In the case of heavy derricks, care dures reference may be made to the ILO doc- should be taken to ensure that the appro- ument ‘‘Safety and Health in Dock Work’’. priate stays are correctly rigged. Form No. 2(U) 3. In the case of cranes, the test load is to be hoisted and luffed at slow speed. Gantry IDENTITY OF NATIONAL AUTHORITY OR COM- and traveling cranes together with their PETENT ORGANIZATION CERTIFICATE OF TEST trolleys, where appropriate, are to be tra- AND THOROUGH EXAMINATION OF DERRICKS versed and traveled over the full length of USED IN UNION PURCHASE their track. 3.1. In the case of variable load-radius Name of Ship llllllllllllllll cranes, the tests are generally to be carried Official Number lllllllllllllll out with the appropriate test load at max- Call Sign llllllllllllllllll imum, minimum and intermediate radii. Port of Registry 3.2. In the case of hydraulic cranes where lllllllllllllll limitations of pressure make it impossible to Name of Owner lllllllllllllll lift a test load 25 percent in excess of the Certificate No. lllllllllllllll

Situation and description of derricks used in Union Purchase Max. height of triangle plate Safe working load, SWL (with distinguishing numbers or above hatch coaming (m) or Test load (tonnes) when operating in union marks) which have been tested max. angle between runners (3) purchase (tonnes) and thoroughly examined (2) (4) (1)

Position of outboard preventer guy attach- llllllllllllllllllllllll ments: llllllllllllllllllllllll (a) forward/aft * of mast—(m) and I certify that on the date to which I have (b) from ship’s centerline—(m) appended my signature, the gear shown in Position of inboard preventer guy attach- Col. (1) was tested and thoroughly examined ments: and no defects or permanent deformation (a) forward/aft * of mast—(m) and was found and that the safe working load is (b) from ship’s centerline—(m) as shown. * Delete as appropriate. Date: llllllllllllllllllll Name and address of the firm or competent Signature: llllllllllllllllll person who witnessed testing and carried out thorough examination Place: llllllllllllllllllll

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NOTE: This certificate is the standard gles must not exceed the values shown on international form as recommended by the the rigging plan. International Labour Office in accordance 3. Tests should be carried out using test with ILO Convention No. 152. loads. 4. The expression ‘‘tonne’’ shall mean a Reverse Form No. 2 (U) tonne of 1000 kg. 5. The terms ‘‘competent person’’, ‘‘thor- INSTRUCTIONS ough examination’’ and ‘‘lifting appliance’’ 1. Before being taken into use, the derricks are defined in Form No. 1. rigged in Union Purchase shall be tested NOTE: For recommendations on test proce- with a test load which shall exceed the Safe dures, reference may be made to the ILO doc- Working Load (SWL (U)) as follows: ument ‘‘Safety and Health in Dock Work’’. Form 3 SWL Test load IDENTITY OF NATIONAL AUTHORITY OR COM- Up to 20 tonnes ...... 25 percent in excess. PETENT ORGANIZATION CERTIFICATE OF TEST 20 to 50 tonnes ...... 5 tonnes in excess. AND HOROUGH XAMINATION OF OOSE Over 50 tonnes ...... 10 percent in excess. T E L GEAR 2. Tests are to be carried out at the ap- Name of Ship llllllllllllllll proved maximum height of the triangle plate Official Number lllllllllllllll above the hatch coaming or at the angle be- Call Sign llllllllllllllllll tween the cargo runners and with the derrick booms in their working positions, to Port of Registry lllllllllllllll prove the strength of deck eye plates and the Name of Owner lllllllllllllll Union Purchase system. These heights or an- Certificate No. lllllllllllllll

Description Safe work Distinguishing number or mark of loose Number Date of test Test load load (SWL) gear tested (tonnes) (tonnes)

Name and address of makers or suppliers: International Labour Office in accordance Name and address of the firm or competent with ILO Convention No. 152. person who witnessed testing and carried out thorough examination. Reverse Form No. 3 I certify that the above items of loose gear were tested and thoroughly examined and no INSTRUCTIONS defects affecting their SWL were found. 1. Every item of loose gear is to be tested Date: llllllllllllllllllll and thoroughly examined before being put Place: llllllllllllllllllll into use for the first time and after any substantial alteration or repair to any part lia- Signature: llllllllllllllllll ble to affect its safety. The test loads to be NOTE: This certificate is the standard applied shall be in accordance with the fol- international form as recommended by the lowing table:

Item Test load (tonnes)

Single sheave blocks (See Note 1) ...... 4 × SWL Multi sheave blocks (See Note 2): SWL < 25 tonnes ...... 2 × SWL 25 tonnes < SWL ≤ 160 tonnes ...... (0.933 × SWL) + 27 SWL > 160 tonnes ...... 1.1 × SWL Chains, hooks, rings, shackles, swivels, etc.: SWL < 25 tonnes ...... 2 × SWL SWL > 25 tonnes ...... (1.22 × SWL) + 20 Lifting beams, spreaders, frames and similar devices: SWL ≤ 10 tonnes ...... 2 × SWL 10 tonnes < SWL ≤ 160 tonnes ...... (1.04 × SWL) + 9.6 SWL > 160 tonnes ...... 1.1 × SWL

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NOTE: 1. The SWL for a single sheave Form No. 4 block, including single sheave blocks with beckets, is to be taken as one-half of the re- IDENTITY OF NATIONAL AUTHORITY OR COM- sultant load on the head fitting. PETENT ORGANIZATION CERTIFICATE OF TEST 2. The SWL of a multi-sheave block is to be AND THOROUGH EXAMINATION OF WIRE taken as the resultant load on the head fit- ROPE ting. 3. This form may also be used for the cer- Name of Ship llllllllllllllll tification of interchangeable components of Official Number lifting appliances. lllllllllllllll 4. The expression ‘‘ton’’ shall mean a ton of Call Sign llllllllllllllllll 1,000 kg. Port of Registry lllllllllllllll 5. The terms ‘‘competent person’’, ‘‘thorough examination’’ and ‘‘loose gear’’ are de- Name of Owner lllllllllllllll fined in Form No. 1. Certificate No. lllllllllllllll NOTE: For recommendations on test procedures reference may be made to the ILO document ‘‘Safety and Health in Dock Work’’.

Name and address of maker or supplier

Nominal diameter of rope (mm) Number of strands Number of wires per strand Core Lay Quality of wire (N/mm2) Date of test of sample Load at which sample broke (tonnes) Safe working load of rope (tonnes) Intended use

Name and address of the firm or competent International Labour Office in accordance person who witnessed testing and carried out with ILO Convention No. 152. thorough examination. Reverse Form No. 4 I certify that the above particulars are correct, and that the rope was tested and thor- INSTRUCTIONS oughly examined and no defects affecting its SWL were found. 1. Wire rope shall be tested by sample, a piece being tested to destruction. Date: llllllllllllllllllll 2. The test procedure should be in accord- Place: llllllllllllllllllll ance with an International or recognized Na- tional standard. Signature: llllllllllllllllll 3. The SWL of the rope is to be determined NOTE: This certificate is the standard by dividing the load at which the sample international form as recommended by the broke, by a co-efficient of utilization, determined as follows:

Item Coefficient

Wire rope forming part of a sling: SWL of the sling ...... 5 SWL < 10 tonnes ...... 10 5

10 tonnes < SWL ≤ 160 tonnes ...... (8.85 × SWL) + 1910 SWL > 160 tonnes ...... 3 Wire rope as integral part of a lifting appliance: SWL of lifting appliance ...... 10 4

SWL ≤ 160 tonnes ...... (8.85 × SWL) + 1910 SWL > 160 tonnes ...... 3

These coefficients should be adopted unless 4. The expression ‘‘tonne’’ shall mean a other requirements are specified by a Na- tonne of 1000 kg. tional Authority.

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5. The terms ‘‘competent person’’, ‘‘thor- NOTE: For recommendations on test proce- ough examination’’ and ‘‘lifting appliance’’ dures reference may be made to the ILO doc- are defined in Form No. 1. ument ‘‘Safety and Health in Dock Work’’.

APPENDIX II TO PART 1918—TABLES FOR SELECTED MISCELLANEOUS AUXILIARY GEAR (MANDATORY)

NOTE: This appendix is mandatory and is to be used in the appropriate sections of part 1918 when certificates or the manufacturers’ use recommendations are not available.

TABLE 1—WIRE ROPE CLIPS

Minimum number of clips Minimum spacing Improved plow steel, rope (Inches (cm)) Other (Inches (cm)) Drop forged material

1⁄2 or less (1.3) ...... 3 4 3 (7.6) 5⁄8 (1.6) ...... 3 4 33⁄4 (9.5) 3⁄4 (1.9) ...... 4 5 41⁄2 (11.4) 7⁄8 (2.2) ...... 4 5 51⁄4 (13.3) 1 (2.5) ...... 5 6 6 (15.2) 11⁄8 (2.9) ...... 6 6 63⁄4 (17.1) 11⁄4 (3.2) ...... 6 7 71⁄2 (19.1) 13⁄8 (3.5) ...... 7 7 81⁄4 (21.0) 11⁄2 (3.8) ...... 7 8 9 (22.9)

TABLE 2—NATURAL FIBER ROPE AND ROPE SLINGS—LOAD CAPACITY IN POUNDS (LBS.) SAFETY FACTOR=5—EYE AND EYE SLING—BASKET HITCH [Angle of rope to horizontal—90 deg. 60 deg. 45 deg. 30 deg.]

Angle of rope to vertical Rope diameter nominal Vertical hitch Choker hitch inch 0 deg. 30 deg. 45 deg. 60 deg.

1⁄2 ...... 550 250 1,100 900 750 550 9⁄16 ...... 700 350 1,400 1,200 1,000 700 5⁄8 ...... 900 450 1,800 1,500 1,200 900 3⁄4 ...... 1,100 550 2,200 1,900 1,500 1,100 13⁄16 ...... 1,300 650 2,600 2,300 1,800 1,300 7⁄8 ...... 1,500 750 3,100 2,700 2,200 1,500 1 ...... 1,800 900 3,600 3,100 2,600 1,800 11⁄16 ...... 2,100 1,100 4,200 3,600 3,000 2,100 11⁄8 ...... 2,400 1,200 4,800 4,200 3,400 2,400 11⁄4 ...... 2,700 1,400 5,400 4,700 3,800 2,700 15⁄16 ...... 3,000 1,500 6,000 5,200 4,300 3,000 11⁄2 ...... 3,700 1,850 7,400 6,400 5,200 3,700 15⁄8 ...... 4,500 2,300 9,000 7,800 6,400 4,500 13⁄4 ...... 5,300 2,700 10,500 9,200 7,500 5,300 2 ...... 6,200 3,100 12,500 10,500 8,800 6,200 21⁄8 ...... 7,200 3,600 14,500 12,500 10,000 7,200 21⁄4 ...... 8,200 4,100 16,500 14,000 11,500 8,200 21⁄2 ...... 9,300 4,700 18,500 16,000 13,000 9,300 25⁄8 ...... 10,500 5,200 21,000 18,000 14,500 10,500

Endless Sling

1⁄2 ...... 950 500 1,900 1,700 1,400 950 9⁄16 ...... 1,200 600 2,500 2,200 1,800 1,200 5⁄8 ...... 1,600 800 3,200 2,700 2,200 1,600 3⁄4 ...... 2,000 950 3,900 3,400 2,800 2,000 13⁄16 ...... 2,300 1,200 4,700 4,100 3,300 2,300 7⁄8 ...... 2,800 1,400 5,600 4,800 3,900 2,800 1 ...... 3,200 1,600 6,500 5,600 4,600 3,200 11⁄16 ...... 3,800 1,900 7,600 6,600 5,400 3,800 11⁄8 ...... 4,300 2,200 8,600 7,500 6,100 4,300 11⁄4 ...... 4,900 2,400 9,700 8,400 6,900 4,900 15⁄16 ...... 5,400 2,700 11,000 9,400 7,700 5,400 11⁄2 ...... 6,700 3,300 13,500 11,500 9,400 6,700 15⁄8 ...... 8,100 4,100 16,000 14,000 11,500 8,100 13⁄4 ...... 9,500 4,800 19,000 16,500 13,500 9,500 2 ...... 11,000 5,600 22,500 19,500 16,000 11,000 21⁄8 ...... 13,000 6,500 26,000 22,500 18,500 13,000

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TABLE 2—NATURAL FIBER ROPE AND ROPE SLINGS—LOAD CAPACITY IN POUNDS (LBS.) SAFETY FACTOR=5—EYE AND EYE SLING—BASKET HITCH—Continued [Angle of rope to horizontal—90 deg. 60 deg. 45 deg. 30 deg.]

Angle of rope to vertical Rope diameter nominal Vertical hitch Choker hitch inch 0 deg. 30 deg. 45 deg. 60 deg.

21⁄4 ...... 15,000 7,400 29,500 25,500 21,000 15,000 21⁄2 ...... 16,500 8,400 33,500 29,000 23,500 16,500 25⁄8 ...... 18,500 9,500 37,000 32,500 26,500 18,500

TABLE 3A

Polypropylene Rope and Rope Slings

Load Capacity in Pounds (lbs.) Safety Factor=6

Eye and Eye Sling

Basket Hitch Angle of rope to horizontal

Angle of rope to vertical Rope diameter nominal in. Vertical Choker hitch hitch 0 deg. 30 deg. 45 deg. 60 deg.

1⁄2 ...... 650 350 1,300 1,200 950 650 9⁄16 ...... 800 400 1,600 1,400 1,100 800 5⁄8 ...... 1,000 500 2,000 1,700 1,400 1,000 3⁄4 ...... 1,300 700 2,700 2,300 1,900 1,300 13⁄16 ...... 1,600 800 2,600 2,300 2,200 1,600 7⁄8 ...... 1,800 900 3,100 2,700 2,600 1,800 1 ...... 2,200 1,100 3,600 3,100 3,100 2,200 11⁄16 ...... 2,500 1,300 4,200 3,600 3,600 2,500 11⁄8 ...... 2,900 1,500 4,800 4,200 4,100 2,900 11⁄4 ...... 3,300 1,700 6,700 5,800 4,700 3,300 15⁄16 ...... 3,700 1,900 7,400 6,400 5,300 3,700 11⁄2 ...... 4,700 2,400 9,400 8,100 6,700 4,700 15⁄8 ...... 5,700 2,900 11,500 9,900 8,100 5,700 13⁄4 ...... 6,800 3,400 13,500 12,000 9,600 6,800 2 ...... 8,200 4,100 16,500 14,500 11,500 8,200 21⁄8 ...... 9,700 4,800 19,500 16,500 13,500 9,700 21⁄4 ...... 11,000 5,500 22,000 19,000 15,500 11,000 21⁄2 ...... 12,500 6,300 25,500 22,000 18,000 12,500 25⁄8 ...... 14,500 7,100 28,500 24,500 20,000 14,500

TABLE 3B

Polypropylene Rope and Rope Slings

Load Capacity in Pounds (lbs.) Safety Factor = 6 Endless Sling

Basket Hitch

Angle of rope to horizontal 90 deg. 60 deg. 45 deg. 30 deg.

Angle of rope to vertical Rope diameter nominal in. Vertical Choker hitch hitch 0 deg. 30 deg. 45 deg. 60 deg.

1⁄2 ...... 1,200 600 2,400 2,100 1,700 1,200 9⁄16 ...... 1,500 750 2,900 2,500 2,100 1,500 5⁄8 ...... 1,800 900 3,500 3,100 2,500 1,800 3⁄4 ...... 2,400 1,200 4,900 4,200 3,400 2,400 13⁄16 ...... 2,800 1,400 5,600 4,900 4,000 2,800

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Angle of rope to vertical Rope diameter nominal in. Vertical Choker hitch hitch 0 deg. 30 deg. 45 deg. 60 deg.

7⁄8 ...... 3,300 1,600 6,600 5,700 4,600 3,300 1 ...... 4,000 2,000 8,000 6,900 5,600 4,000 11⁄16 ...... 4,600 2,300 9,100 7,900 6,500 4,600 11⁄8 ...... 5,200 2,600 10,500 9,000 7,400 5,200 11⁄4 ...... 6,000 3,000 12,000 10,500 8,500 6,000 15⁄16 ...... 6,700 3,400 13,500 11,500 9,500 6,700 11⁄2 ...... 8,500 4,200 17,000 14,500 12,000 8,500 15⁄8 ...... 10,500 5,100 20,500 18,000 14,500 10,500 13⁄4 ...... 12,500 6,100 24,500 21,000 17,500 12,500 2 ...... 15,000 7,400 29,500 25,500 21,000 15,000 21⁄8 ...... 17,500 8,700 35,500 30,100 24,500 17,500 21⁄4 ...... 19,500 9,900 39,500 34,000 28,000 19,500 21⁄2 ...... 23,000 11,500 45,500 39,500 32,500 23,000 25⁄8 ...... 25,500 13,000 51,500 44,500 36,500 25,500

TABLE 4A—RATED LOAD FOR GRADE 80 ALLOY STEEL CHAIN SLINGS1 (CHAIN PER NACM)

Single leg sling-90 Rated load double leg sling horizontal angle (note 2) deg. to horizontal Chain size nominal loading 60 deg. 45 deg. 30 deg. Double at 60 deg. Double at 45 deg. Double at 30 deg. inch mm lb kg lb kg lb kg lb kg

1⁄4 ...... 7 3,500 1,570 6,100 2,700 4,900 2,200 3,500 1,590 3⁄8 ...... 10 7,100 3,200 12,300 5,500 10,000 4,500 7,100 3,200 1⁄2 ...... 13 12,000 5,400 20,800 9,400 17,000 7,600 1,200 5,400 5⁄8 ...... 16 18,100 8,200 31,300 14,200 25,600 11,600 18,100 8,200 3⁄4 ...... 20 28,300 12,800 49,000 22,300 40,000 18,200 28,300 12,900 7⁄8 ...... 22 34,200 15,500 59,200 27,200 48,400 22,200 34,200 15,700 1 ...... 26 47,700 21,600 82,600 37,900 67,400 31,000 47,700 21,900 11⁄4 ...... 32 72,300 32,800 125,200 56,800 102,200 46,400 72,300 32,800

NOTES: (1) Other grades of proof tested steel chain include Proof Coil (Grade 28), Hi-Test (grade 43 Chain, and Transport (grade 70) Chain. These grades are not recommended for overhead lifting and therefore are not covered by this standard. (2) Rating of multi-leg slings adjusted for angle of loading between the inclined leg and the horizontal plane of the load.

TABLE 4B—MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE WEAR AT ANY POINT OF LINK

Nominal chain or coupling link size Maximum allowable wear of cross-sectional inch mm diameter, in.

1⁄4 ...... 7 0.037 3⁄8 ...... 10 0.052 1⁄2 ...... 13 0.060 5⁄8 ...... 16 0.084 3⁄4 ...... 20 0.105 7⁄8 ...... 22 0.116 1 ...... 26 0.137 11⁄4 ...... 32 0.169

NOTE: For other sizes, consult chain or sling manufacturer.

TABLE 5—SAFE WORKING LOADS FOR SHACKLES [In tons of 2,000 pounds]

Material size Pin diameter Safe working load in 2,000 lb Inches (cm) Inches (cm) tons

1⁄2 ...... (1.3) 5⁄8 (1.6) 1.4 5⁄8 ...... (1.6) 3⁄4 (1.9) 2.2 3⁄4 ...... (1.9) 7⁄8 (2.2) 3.2 7⁄8 ...... (2.2) 1 (2.5) 4.3 1 ...... (2.5) 11⁄8 (2.9) 5.6 11⁄8 ...... (2.9) 11⁄4 (3.2) 6.7 11⁄4 ...... (3.2) 13⁄8 (3.5) 8.2 13⁄8 ...... (3.5) 11⁄2 (3.8) 10.0 11⁄2 ...... (3.8) 15⁄8 (4.1) 11.9 13⁄4 ...... (4.4) 2 (5.1) 16.2

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TABLE 5—SAFE WORKING LOADS FOR SHACKLES—Continued [In tons of 2,000 pounds]

Material size Pin diameter Safe working load in 2,000 lb Inches (cm) Inches (cm) tons

2 ...... (5.1) 21⁄4 (5.7) 21.2

WIRE ROPE TABLE—RATE LOADS FOR SINGLE LEG SLINGS 6×19 OR 6×37 CLASSIFICATION IMPROVED PLOW STEEL GRADE ROPE WITH FIBER CORE (FC) [Rated loads [note 1], tons (2,000 lb)]

Vertical Choker Rope diameter, inch HT MS S HT, MS&S

1⁄4 ...... 0 .49 0.51 0 .55 0 .38 5⁄16 ...... 0 .78 0 .79 0 .85 0 .6 3⁄8 ...... 1 .1 1 .1 1 .2 0 .85 7⁄16 ...... 1 .4 1 .5 1 .7 1 .2 1⁄2 ...... 1 .8 2 .0 2 .1 1 .5 9⁄16 ...... 2 .3 2 .5 2 .7 1 .9 5⁄8 ...... 2 .8 3 .1 3 .3 2 .3 3⁄4 ...... 3 .9 4 .4 4 .8 3 .3 7⁄8 ...... 5 .2 6 .0 6 .4 4 .5 1 ...... 6 .7 7 .7 4 .8 5 .9 11⁄8 ...... 8.4 9.5 11 7 .4 11⁄4 ...... 10 12 13 9 .0 13⁄8 ...... 12 14 15 11 11⁄2 ...... 15 17 18 13 15⁄8 ...... 17 19 21 15 13⁄4 ...... 20 22 25 17 2 ...... 26 29 32 22 HT=Hand Tucked Splice. For Hidden Tuck Splice (IWRC), use vales in HT (FC) columns. MS=Mechanical Splice. S=Poured Socket or Swaged Socket. NOTE: (1) These values are based on slings being vertical. If they are not vertical, the rated load shall be reduced. If two or more slings are used, the minimum horizontal angle between the slings shall also be considered.

WIRE ROPE TABLE—RATED LOADS FOR SINGLE LEG SLINGS 6×19 OR 6×37 CLASSIFICATION EXTRA IMPROVED PLOW STEEL GRADE ROPE WITH INDEPENDENT WIRE ROPE CORE (IWRC) [Rated loads [note 1] , tons (2,000 lb)]

Vertical Choker Vertical basket [Note (2)] [Note (3)] Rope diameter, inch HT MS S HT, MS&S HT MS&S

1⁄4 ...... 0 .53 0.59 0 .59 0 .31 1 .1 1 .1 5⁄16 ...... 0 .82 0 .87 0 .92 0 .64 1.6 1.7 3⁄8 ...... 1 .2 1 .2 1 .3 0 .92 2.3 2.5 7⁄16 ...... 1 .5 1 .7 1 .8 1 .2 3 .1 3 .4 1⁄2 ...... 2 .0 2 .2 2 .3 1 .6 4 .0 4 .4 9⁄16 ...... 2 .5 2 .8 2 .9 2 .0 1 .9 5 .5 5⁄8 ...... 3 .0 3 .4 3 .6 2 .6 6 .0 6 .8 3⁄4 ...... 4 .2 4 .9 5 .1 3 .6 8 .4 9 .7 7⁄8 ...... 5 .5 6 .6 6 .9 4 .8 11 13 1 ...... 7 .2 8 .5 9 .0 6 .3 14 17 11⁄8 ...... 9.0 10 11 7 .9 18 20 11⁄4 ...... 11 13 14 9 .7 22 26 13⁄8 ...... 13 15 17 12 27 31 11⁄2 ...... 16 18 20 14 32 37 15⁄8 ...... 18 21 23 16 37 43 13⁄4 ...... 21 25 27 19 43 49 2 ...... 28 32 34 24 55 64 HT=Hand tucked Splice For Hidden Tuck Splice (IWRC), use values in HT columns of Table 3. MS=Mechanical Splice. S=Poured Socket or Swaged Socket. NOTES: (1) These values are based on slings being vertical. If they are not vertical, the rated load shall be reduced. If they are not vertical, the rated load shall be reduced. If two or more slings are used, the minimum horizontal angle between the slings shall also be considered. (2) These values only apply when the D/d ratio is 15 or greater.

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(3) These values only apply when the D/d ratio is 25 or greater. D=Diameter or curvature around which the body of the sling is bent. d=Diameter of rope.

WIRE ROPE TABLE-RATED LOADS FOR SINGLE LEG SLINGS 6×19 OR 6×37 CLASSIFICATION EXTRA IMPROVED PLOW STEEL GRADE ROPE WITH INDEPENDENT WIRE ROPE CORE (IWRC) [Rated loads [note 1], tons (2,000 lb)]

Vertical basket Vertical Choker [note (2)] Rope diameter MS S MS&S MS&S

1⁄4 ...... 0 .65 0.68 0 .48 1 .3 5⁄16 ...... 1 .0 1 .1 .074 2 .0 3⁄8 ...... 1 .4 1 .5 1 .1 2 .9 7⁄16 ...... 1 .9 2 .0 1 .4 3 .9 1⁄2 ...... 2 .5 2 .7 1 .9 5 .1 9⁄16 ...... 3 .2 3 .4 2 .4 6 .4 5⁄8 ...... 3 .9 4 .1 2 .9 7 .8 3⁄4 ...... 5 .6 5 .9 4 .1 11 7⁄8 ...... 7 .6 8 .0 5 .6 15 1 ...... 9 .8 10 7 .2 20 11⁄8 ...... 12 13 9 .1 24 11⁄4 ...... 15 16 11 30 13⁄8 ...... 18 19 13 36 11⁄2 ...... 21 23 16 42 15⁄8 ...... 24 26 18 49 13⁄4 ...... 28 31 21 57 2 ...... 37 40 28 73 HT=Hand tucked Splice For Hidden Tuck Splice (IWRC), use values in HT columns of Table 3. MS=Mechanical Splice. S=Poured Socket or Swaged Socket. NOTE: (1) These values are based on slings being vertical. If they are not vertical, the rated load shall be reduced. If they are not vertical, the rated load shall be reduced. If two or more slings are used, the minimum horizontal angle between the slings shall also be considered. (2) These values only apply when the D/d ratio is 25 or greater.

[62 FR 40202, July 25, 1997, as amended at 65 FR 40947, June 30, 2000]

APPENDIX III TO PART 1918—THE ME- guy(s) and preventer(s) approaches the CHANICS OF CONVENTIONAL CARGO vertical, in supporting the boom(s) head, the GEAR (NON-MANDATORY) total stress in the guy(s) increases rapidly due to the increased vertical force that is NOTE: This appendix is non-mandatory and generated in the guy(s) in order to counter- provides an explanation of the mechanics in act any particular horizontal or lateral force the correct spotting of cargo handling gear. exerted on the boom(s) head. The appreciable Although the most prevalent method of vertical forces that are generated in this cargo handling is accomplished through the process are transmitted, in substantial part, use of modern shoreside container gantry to the boom(s) and topping lift(s), causing cranes, there are occasions when break-bulk proportionate compressive stresses in the cargo is handled with conventional ship’s boom(s) and tension stresses in the topping cargo gear. This appendix provides a ref- lift(s). erence for those unfamiliar with such cargo In general, guys and preventers must be lo- gear. cated so that enough vertical resistance is Sections 1918.52, 1918.53, and 1918.54 all ad- developed so as to prohibit the boom(s) from dress the subject of rigging and operating jackknifing as cargo passes across the deck. vessel’s cargo handling gear. It is important Special care must be exercised in the proper to understand that under the Burton System placement of guys and preventers associated of cargo handling (conventional gear con- with the Burton or yard boom. Preventers, sisting of two cargo derricks with married when used, must parallel as closely as pos- falls), the midships or up-and-down boom sible the guys that they support. Guys and should be spotted as close to the fore and aft preventers must not be attached to the same centerline of the hatch as operationally pos- fitting. sible. Such spotting of the up-and-down While under a load, the cargo falls (run- boom will allow the most effective leads for ning rigging) must not be permitted to chafe the guy(s) and preventer(s) to safely support on any standing or other running gear. Spe- the lateral stresses generated in the boom(s) cial attention must be paid to ensure that by the married falls. As the lead of the cargo runners work freely through the heel

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block, without chafing the cheek of the interfere with the movement of the cargo block. Also, bobbing chains and heel block runners. preventers must be attached so as to not

APPENDIX IV TO PART 1918—SPECIAL CARGO GEAR AND CONTAINER SPREADER TEST REQUIREMENTS (MANDATORY) [SEE § 1918.61 (f), (g), (h)]

Type gear Test requirement Tested by Proof test

A. All Special Cargo Handling Gear Purchased or Manufactured on or After January 21, 1998

1. Safe Working Load— Prior to initial use ...... OSHA accredited agency Up to 20 short 125% SWL. greater than 5 short tons only. tons. (10,000 lbs./4.5 metric tons). Prior to reuse after struc- From 20 to 50 5 short tons in ex- tural damage repair. short tons. cess of SWL. Every four years after ini- OSHA accredited agency Over 50 short tons 110% SWL. tial proof load test. or designated person. 2. Safe Working Load—5 Prior to initial use ...... OSHA accredited agency 125% SWL. short tons or less. or designated person. Prior to reuse after structural damage repair. 3. Intermodal container Prior to initial use ...... OSHA accredited agency 125% SWL. spreaders not part of ves- only. sel’s cargo handling gear. Prior to reuse after structural damage repair. Every four years after ini- OSHA accredited agency tial proof load test. or designated person.

B. All Special Cargo Handling Gear in Use Prior to January 21, 1998 and Proof Load Tested Prior to Initial Use (See Note Below)

1. Safe Working Load— Every four years starting OSHA accredited agency Up to 20 short 125% SWL. greater than 5 short tons on January 21, 1998. or designated person. tons. (10,000 lbs./4540 kg.). Prior to reuse after struc- OSHA accredited agency From 20 to 50 5 short tons in ex- tural damage repair. short tons. cess of SWL. Over 50 short tons 110% SWL. 2. Safe Working Load—5 Prior to reuse after struc- OSHA accredited agency 125% SWL. short tons or less. tural damage repair. or designated person. 3. Intermodal container Every four years starting OSHA accredited agency 125% SWL. spreaders not part of ves- on January 21, 1998. or designated person. sel’s cargo handling gear. Prior to reuse after struc- OSHA accredited agency. tural damage repair.

NOTE TO APPENDIX IV: Special stevedoring APPENDIX V TO PART 1918—BASIC ELE- gear in use prior to January 21, 1998 was cov- MENTS OF A FIRST AID TRAINING ered by § 1918.61(b), in effect prior to January PROGRAM (NON-MANDATORY) 21, 1998. (See 29 CFR Parts 1911 to 1925 revised as of July 1, 1997). The assumption is made NOTE: This appendix is non-mandatory and that gear in use prior to January 21, 1998, has provides guidelines for small businesses, in- already been proof load tested, although not stitutions teaching first aid, and the recipi- necessarily by an accredited agency. How- ents of first aid training. ever, if the employer cannot certify that such gear was proof load tested under GENERAL PROGRAM ELEMENTS § 1918.61(b), in effect prior to January 21, 1998, A. Teaching Methods (See 29 CFR Parts 1911 to 1925 revised as of July 1, 1997), than it must be proof load test- 1. Trainees should develop ‘‘hands on’’ ed in accordance with § 1918.61 in effect on skills through the use of manikins and train- January 21, 1998, (See 29 CFR Parts 1911 to ee partners during their training. 1925 revised as of July 1, 1998.) 2. Trainees should be exposed to acute injury and illness settings as well as the appro- [65 FR 40950, June 30, 2000] priate response to those settings through the use of visual aids, such as video tape and slides.

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3. Training should include a course work- 4. Performing choking assessments and ap- book which discusses first aid principles and propriate first aid interventions. responses to settings that require interven- 5. Resuscitating the drowning victim. tions. 4. Training duration should allow enough E. Basic First Aid Intervention time for particular emphasis on situations Trainees should receive instruction in the likely to be encountered in particular workplaces. principles and performance of: 5. An emphasis on quick response to first 1. Bandaging of the head, chest, shoulder, aid situations should be incorporated arm, leg, wrist, elbow, foot, ankle, fingers, throughout the program. toes, and knee. 2. Splinting of the arm, elbow, clavicle, fin- B. Principles of Responding to a Health gers, hand, forearm, ribs, hip, femur, lower Emergency leg, ankle, knee, foot, and toes. The training program should include in- 3. Moving and rescuing victims including struction in: one and two person lifts, ankle and shoulder 1. Injury and acute illness as a health prob- pulls, and the blanket pull. lem. F. Universal Precautions 2. Interactions with the local emergency medical services system. Trainees have the Trainees should be provided with adequate responsibility for maintaining a current list instruction on the need for and use of uni- of emergency telephone numbers (police, versal precautions. This should include: fire, ambulance, poison control) easily acces- 1. The meaning of universal precautions, sible to all employees. which body fluids are considered potentially 3. The principles of triage. infectious, and which are regarded as haz- 4. The legal aspects of providing first aid ardous. services. 2. The value of universal precautions for C. Methods of Surveying the Scene and the infectious diseases such as AIDS and hepa- Victim(s) titis B. 3. A copy of OSHA’s standard for occupa- The training program should include in- tional exposure to bloodborne pathogens or struction in: information on how to obtain a copy. 1. The assessment of scenes that require 4. The necessity for keeping gloves and first aid services including: other protective equipment readily available a. general scene safety. and the appropriate use of them. b. likely event sequence. c. rapid estimate of the number of persons 5. The appropriate tagging and disposal of injured. any sharp item or instrument requiring spe- d. identification of others able to help at cial disposal measures such as blood soaked the scene. material. 2. Performing a primary survey of each vic- 6. The appropriate management of blood tim including airway, breathing, and circula- spills. tion assessments as well as the presence of any bleeding. G. First Aid Supplies 3. The techniques and principles of taking The first aid provider should be responsible a victim’s history at the scene of an emer- for the type, amount, and maintenance of gency. first aid supplies needed for their particular 4. Performing a secondary survey of the worksite(s). These supplies need to be stored victim including assessments of vital signs, in a convenient area available for emergency skin appearance, head and neck, eye, chest, access. abdomen, back, extremities, and medical alert symbols. H. Trainee Assessments D. Basic Adult Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Assessment of successful completion of the (CPR) first aid training program should include in- structor observation of acquired skills and Basic adult CPR training should be in- written performance assessments. First aid cluded in the program. Retesting should skills and knowledge should be reviewed occur every year. The training program every three years. should include instruction in: 1. Establishing and maintaining adult air- I. Program Update way patency. 2. Performing adult breathing resuscita- The training program should be periodi- tion. cally reviewed with current first aid tech- 3. Performing adult circulatory resuscita- niques and knowledge. Outdated material tion. should be replaced or removed.

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SPECIFIC PROGRAM ELEMENTS 5. Temperature Extremes A. Type of Injury Training Instruction in the principles and first aid intervention of: 1. Shock a. exposure to cold including frostbite and Instruction in the principles and first aid hypothermia. intervention in: b. exposure to heat including heat cramps, a. shock due to injury. heat exhaustion, and heat stroke. b. shock due to allergic reactions. c. the appropriate assessment and first aid 6. Musculoskeletal Injuries treatment of a victim who has fainted. The training program should include in- 2. Bleeding struction in the principles and first aid intervention in: a. the types of bleeding including arterial, a. open fractures, closed fractures, and venous, capillary, external, and internal. b. the principles and performance of bleed- splinting. ing control interventions including direct b. dislocations, especially the methods of pressure, pressure points, elevation, and joint dislocations of the upper extremity. pressure bandaging. The importance of differentiating disloca- c. the assessment and approach to wounds tions from fractures. including abrasions, incisions, lacerations, c. joint sprains. punctures, avulsions, amputations, and d. muscle strains, contusions, and cramps. crush injuries. e. head, neck, back, and spinal injuries. d. the principles of wound care including infection precautions, wounds requiring 7. Bites and Stings medical attention, and the need for tetanus prophylaxis. Instruction in the principles and first aid intervention in: 3. Poisoning a. human and animal (especially dog and Instruction in the principles and first aid snake) bites. intervention of: b. bites and stings from insects (spiders, a. alkali, acid and systemic poisons. In ad- ticks, scorpions, hornets and wasps). Inter- dition, all trainees should know how and ventions should include responses to when to contact the local Poison Control anaphylactic shock; other allergic mani- Center. festations; rabies and tetanus prophylaxis. b. inhaled poisons including carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, smoke, and chemical 8. Medical Emergencies fumes, vapors and gases as well as the impor- Instruction in the principles and first aid tance of assessing the toxic potential of the intervention of: environment to the rescuer and the need for a. heart attacks respirators. Trainees should be instructed in the acute b. strokes effect of chemicals utilized in their plants, c. asthma attacks the location of chemical inventories, mate- d. diabetic emergencies including diabetic rial safety data sheets (MSDS’s), chemical coma, insulin shock, hyperglycemia, and emergency information, and antidote sup- hypoglycemia. plies. e. seizures including tonic-clonic and ab- c. topical poisons including poison ivy, poi- sence seizures. Importance of not putting son sumac, poison oak, and insecticides. gags in mouth. d. drugs of abuse including alcohol, nar- f. pregnancy including the appropriate care cotics such as heroin and cocaine, tranquil- of any abdominal injury or vaginal bleeding. izers, and amphetamines. 9. Confined Spaces 4. Burns a. the danger of entering a confined space Instruction in the principles and first aid intervention of: to administer first aid without having the a. assessing the severity of the burn in- appropriate respiratory protection. cluding first degree, second degree, and third b. if first aid personnel will be required to degree burns. assist evacuations from confined spaces, ad- b. differentiating between the types of ditional training will be needed. third degree burns (thermal, electrical, and chemical) and their specific interventions. B. Site of Injury Training Particular attention should be focused upon Instruction in the principles and first aid chemical burns, and the use of specific intervention of injuries to the following chemicals in the workplace which may cause sites: them.

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1. Head and Neck tance of preventing inhalation of blood and a. including skull fractures, concussions, teeth. and mental status assessments with par- 5. Chest ticular attention to temporary loss of con- sciousness and the need for referral to a phy- a. rib fractures, flail chest, and penetrating sician. wounds. b. including the appropriate approach to the management of the individual who has 6. Abdomen suffered a potential neck injury or fracture. a. blunt injuries, penetrating injuries, and 2. Eye protruding organs.

a. foreign bodies, corneal abrasions and 7. Hand, Finger, and Foot Injuries lacerations. b. chemical burns and the importance of a. finger/toe nail hematoma, lacerations, flushing out the eye. splinters, finger nail avulsion, ring removal, c. the importance of not applying anti- and foreign bodies. biotics without physician supervision. b. the importance of identifying amputa- tion care hospitals in the area. When an am- 3. Nose putation occurs, appropriate handling of am- a. nose injuries and nose bleeds. putated fingers, hands, and feet during the immediate transportation of the victim and 4. Mouth and Teeth body part to the hospital. a. oral injuries, lip and tongue injuries, and broken and removed teeth. The impor-

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EDITORIAL NOTE: This listing is provided for informational purposes only. It is compiled and kept up-to-date by the Department of Labor. This index is updated as of July 1, 2006.

Subject term Section No. Subject term Section No.

Access, Means: (see Gangways and Removal From Service ...... 62(h)(3)(iii), (iv) Ladders, Jacob’s). Repairs ...... 62(h)(4) Barges ...... 26 Safe Working Load ...... 62(h)(1) Drafts, Suspended ...... 21(a) Shortened ...... 62(h)(6) Illumination ...... 92 Chutes ...... 63(a), (b), (c), (d) River Towboats ...... 26(b) Clamps, Beam or Frame ...... 84(d) Vessels ...... 21(a), (b), (c) Coaming Clearances: Appendices: Intermediate Decks ...... 41(b) Basic Elements of a First Aid 1918, App. V Not Applicable ...... 41(d) Training Program Drafts. Not Required ...... 41(b)(1) Cargo Gear Register and Certifi- 1918, App. I Weather Decks ...... 41(a) cates. Coaming Rollers, Secured ...... 52(e) Special Cargo Gear and Container 1918, App. IV Containerized Cargo: Test Requirements. Capacity ...... 85(c) Tables for Selected Miscellaneous 1918, App. II Container Top Safety ...... 85(j) Auxiliary Gear. Fall Protection ...... 85(j) The Mechanics of Conventional 1918, App. III Handling ...... 85(b), (f) Cargo Gear. Inspection ...... 85(d)(1) Atmospheres: Non-vertical Lifting ...... 85(f)(1)(i) Carbon Monoxide ...... 94(a) Permanent Markings ...... 85(a) Conditions ...... 93, .94 Weighing ...... 85(b) (3), (4), (7) Dusts ...... 94(e) Weighing, Exemptions ...... 85(b) (5), (6) Fumigants ...... 94(b), (c), (d) Conveyors, Powered: Fish ...... 94(f) Controls ...... 64 (a), (c), (d), (h) Hazardous ...... 93 Approved Equipment ...... 64(c) Bales, Handling ...... 81(e) Guarding ...... 64(b) Barges: Power Cables ...... 64(e) Access ...... 26(a), (b), (c) Cranes: Decks ...... 37(b) Afloat, Guarding Swing Radius ...... 55(c)(1) Definition ...... 2 Certification, Afloat ...... 11(a) Mooring ...... 26(d) Counterweights ...... 66(a)(8) Moving by Booms ...... 84(e) Hoisting Employees ...... 66(c) Open Hatches ...... 35 Illumination ...... 92(a) Walking ...... 37(a) Load Indicating Devices ...... 66(f) Beams, Hatch (Strongbacks): Limit Switches ...... 55(c)(2) Placement ...... 31(d) Overloading Prohibited ...... 66(a)(4) Roller ...... 43(f) Radius Indicators ...... 66(a)(6) Secured ...... 31(b), Rating Charts ...... 66(a)(3) .43(e) Side Stress on Boom ...... 66(b)(3)(i) Stowage ...... 43(b), (c), (d) Vessel’s Permanent Equipment .... .55 Booms: Visible Defects ...... 66(b)(3)(ii) Moving Barges or Cars ...... 84(e) Cups, Sanitary Drinking ...... 95(b) Placement ...... 54(c) Deck Loads: Topping or Lowering ...... 54(f)(1), (2) Clearance ...... 54(g) Bridge Plates ...... 25(a) General ...... 34 Bridles: Handlines ...... 41(a) Beam and Pontoon ...... 42 Safe Passage ...... 33(a), (b) Flush End Pallets ...... 62(k)(4) Definitions: Gangways ...... 22(g) Barge ...... 2 Handling Cargo ...... 81(b) Bulling ...... 2 Buckets (Tubs, Hand-Loaded) ...... 82(b) Danger Zone ...... 2 Bulk Cargo Moving Vehicles ...... 65(d) Designated Person ...... 2 Bulling: Dockboards ...... 2 Definition ...... 2 Employee ...... 2 Leads ...... 84 (a), (b) Employer ...... 2 Railway Cars ...... 84(e) Enclosed Space ...... 2 Car Plates: (see Bridge Plates) Fall Hazard ...... 2 Carbon Monoxide ...... 94(a), Fumigant ...... 2 .1(b)(9)(iii) Gangway ...... 2 Cargo Hooks ...... 52(f) Hatch Beam, or Strongback ...... 2 Case Hooks ...... 62(j)(3), Hazardous Cargo ...... 2 .81(d) Intermodal Container ...... 2 Chains: Longshoring Operations ...... 2 Annealed ...... 62(h)(5)(i) Mississippi River System ...... 2 Inspection ...... 62(h)(3)(i), (ii) Public Vessel ...... 2 Knots ...... 62(h)(6) Ramp ...... 2 Proof Tests ...... 62(h)(4) Related Employments ...... 2

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Subject term Section No. Subject term Section No.

River Towboat ...... 2 Supporting Bridles ...... 22(g) Small Trimming Hatch ...... 2 Trimming ...... 22(c) Vessel ...... 2 Turntables ...... 22(b) Vessel’s Cargo Handling Gear ...... 2 Walking Surfaces ...... 22(i), .91(a), (b) Derricks: Garbage ...... 95(d) Certification, Afloat ...... 11(a), .66(a)(1) Gear Certification: Defects, Visible ...... 66(b)(3)(ii) Coast Guard Inspected Vessels ... .11(b), (c) Ratings ...... 66 (a), (3), (4), (5) Vessel’s Cargo Gear ...... 11 Vessel’s Cargo Gear ...... 51, .52, .53, .54 Foreign Vessels ...... 11 (a), (d) Drafts: Materials Handling Devices ...... 61, .66 (a)(1) Access Means ...... 21(a) Public Vessels ...... 11(b) Building ...... 82(a), (b) Regulations ...... 11(a) Double Slings ...... 81(c) Special Stevedoring: Safely Slung ...... 81(a) Gear ...... 61(f) Visibility ...... 81(i) Procedures ...... 61(e) Drinking Water ...... 95(b) Gear, Other than Ship: Duckboards, Cleated ...... 22(d) Blocks, Snatch ...... 84 (b), (c) Dunnage: Bridles ...... 62(k)(4), .81(b) Clear of Work Area ...... 91(a) Chains ...... 62(h) Nails ...... 91(f), (1), (2) Clamps, Beam or Frame ...... 84(d) Placement on Deck ...... 91(c) Hooks ...... 62(j) Racked Against Sweat Battens ...... 91(d) Hooks, Case ...... 62(j)(3), .81(d) Slinging ...... 81(c) Hooks, Plate ...... 62(j)(4) Stowage Clearance ...... 91(e) Inspection ...... 61(a) Dusts: Manila or Natural Fiber Ropes ...... 62(c) Grain ...... 94(e) Marking Weight ...... 61(c) Protection ...... 94(e), Pallets ...... 62(k) .102 Shackles ...... 62(i) Sandblasting ...... 96(d) Stevedore Gear ...... 61(f) Edge, Unguarded ...... 32(b), .85(l) Synthetic Fiber Ropes ...... 62(d) Emergency Action Plan: Wire Ropes ...... 62(b) Alarm System ...... 100(c) Wire Rope Clips ...... 62(b)(5) Elements ...... 100(b) Wire Rope, Rejection Criteria ...... 62(b)(3) Evacuation ...... 100(d) Wire Rope Limitations ...... 62(b) Scope and Application ...... 100(a) Gear, Ship Cargo Handling: Training ...... 100(e) Cargo Hooks ...... 52(f) Eye Protection: Certification ...... 11 Cleaned, Disinfected ...... 101(c) Coaming Rollers ...... 52(e) Corrective Spectacles ...... 101(a)(2) Falls ...... 52(c) Maintenance ...... 101(b) Heel Blocks ...... 52(d) Required ...... 101(a) Preventers ...... 52(a), .54(d) Specifications ...... 101(a)(1) Safe Working Loads ...... 51(a) Falls (Runners): Stoppers, Chain ...... 52(b) (1), (2) Chafing ...... 54(e) Stoppers, Clamp ...... 52(b)(3) Drum Winding ...... 52(c)(4) Unsafe ...... 51(b) Eyes ...... 52(c)(3) Wire Rope Limitations ...... 51 (c), (d) Secured ...... 52(c)(1) Gravity Rollers ...... 63 Winch Drum Turns ...... 52(c)(2) Grounding ...... 68 Fall Hazard: Guys: Edge of Cargo ...... 32(b) Placement ...... 54(a), (b) Container Top ...... 85(j)(1)(iii) Preventers ...... 54(d) Definition ...... 2 Securing ...... 54(d)(1) Elevators ...... 87(d) Handling Cargo: First Aid: Bales ...... 81(e) Certificate ...... 97(b) Barricades ...... 87(d) Contents ...... 97(c) Breaking Down ...... 83(b) First Aid Kit ...... 97 (b), (c) Bridles ...... 81(b) Foot Protection ...... 104 Bulling ...... 84(a) Fumigation: Cargo Elevators ...... 87 Other Cargo ...... 94(d) Drafts, Building ...... 82 Grain ...... 94(b) Drafts, Safely Slung ...... 81(a) Tobacco ...... 94(c) Hazardous Cargo ...... 89 Gangways: Hoisting ...... 81 Coast Guard Inspection ...... 22(j) Load Limits ...... 85(c), .86(b), (g), Definition ...... 2 .87(a) Duckboards ...... 22(d) Log Operations ...... 88 General Requirements ...... 21 Lumber ...... 81(c) Illumination ...... 21(c), .92 Personnel ...... 83(c), .86(m), .87(c) Loads Overhead ...... 21(a) Pipes ...... 81(c) Nets ...... 22(e) Reefers ...... 83(c) Obstructions ...... 22(h) Ro-Ro ...... 86 Railing ...... 22(b) Securing ...... 83(a) Stanchions ...... 22(b) Speed Limits ...... 86(j) Substitutes ...... 22(a) Tag Lines ...... 81(h)

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Subject term Section No. Subject term Section No.

Traffic Control ...... 86 (a), (c) Heel Blocks ...... 52(d)(1) Trimming ...... 83(c) Preventer Guys: Handrails: Securing ...... 54(d) Barges ...... 37(a) Strength ...... 52(a)(1) Deck Loads ...... 41(a) Tails ...... 52(a)(1) Intermediate Decks ...... 41(c) Rails, Weather Deck ...... 36 Hatch Covering: Ramps ...... 25(b), .26 (a), (b) Intermediate Decks ...... 31(a), (e) .86(c), (d) Partially Opened ...... 43(a)(2) Reefer Compartments, Securing ...... 83(c) Securing ...... 43(f)(2), (g) Respiratory Protection ...... 102 Weather Decks ...... 43(a) Rigging Gear: Hatch Covers: Boom Placement ...... 54(c) Damaged or Poorly Fitting ...... 31(c) Falls, Chafing ...... 54(e) Hinged or Folding ...... 43(g) Guy Placement ...... 54 (a), (b), (d) Hydraulic ...... 41(d) Preventer Securing ...... 54(d) Mechanical ...... 41(d) Runners: (see Falls (Runners)). Missing ...... 31(c) Shackles: Placement ...... 31(d) Safe Working Loads ...... 62(i)(1) Repairs ...... 31(c) Used Aloft ...... 62(i)(2) Stowage ...... 43(a)(1), (2), (d) Other Decks ...... 34 Pontoons ...... 43(a)(1), (e) Slippery Conditions ...... 91(b) Hatch, Protection around Open Hatch .35 Snatch Blocks: Hazard Communication ...... 1(b)(4), .90 Fairleads ...... 84(b) Hazardous Cargo: Use ...... 84(c) Definition ...... 2 Splash Boards ...... 95(d) Handling ...... 89 Steps, Bulwark ...... 21(b) Head Protection ...... 103 Stowed Cargo, Temporary Landing .32 Housekeeping ...... 91 Platform. Ice ...... 91(g) Stretchers ...... 97(d) Illumination ...... 92 Strongback: (see Beams, Hatch Inspection: (Strongback)). Chains ...... 62(h)(3) Tag Lines ...... 81(h) Hooks ...... 62(j) (1), (2) Temporary Landing Surfaces ...... 32(a) Special Stevedoring Gear ...... 61(f) Tents ...... 43(j) Knots, Wire Rope ...... 62(b)(6) Toggles, Bridle ...... 42(b) Knots, Chains ...... 62(h)(6) Tools: Ladders, Cargo Spaces: Portable Electric ...... 69(b) Alternatives ...... 24(d) Unsafe ...... 69(a) General ...... 24(a) Tripping Hazards ...... 91(a) Rung Clearance ...... 24 (d), (f), (g), (h) Trucks, Lift ...... 65 (a), (b), (c), (e), Unsafe ...... 24(b) (f), (g), (h) Ladders, Jacob’s: Ventilation ...... 93, .94 Acceptable ...... 23(a) Ventilation, Portable: Barge or Towboat ...... 23(c) Carbon Monoxide ...... 94(a)(1) In Lieu of Gangways ...... 22(a) Grounding ...... 94(a)(3) In Lieu of Fixed Hold Ladders ...... 24(c) Guarding Blowers ...... 94(a)(2) Suspension ...... 23(b) Vessel: Ladders, Straight, Portable: Coast Guard Inspected ...... 11(b) (c) Barge or Towboat ...... 26(b) Definition ...... 2 In Lieu of Fixed Hold Ladders ...... 24(c), (d) Public, Definition ...... 2 In Lieu of Gangways ...... 22(a) Public, Exemptions ...... 11(b) Secured ...... 24(j)(1), (2) Water, Drinking ...... 95(b) Ladders, to Water ...... 97(e) Walkways: Life-ring ...... 97(e) Barges or River Towboats ...... 26(b) Lights, Open Flame Prohibited ...... 92(e) Barges ...... 37(a) Nails, Protruding ...... 91(f) Decks ...... 43(c) Nets: Gangways ...... 22(f) Gangways ...... 22(e) Winches, General: Night Tents ...... 43(j) Brakes ...... 53(i) Notifying Ship’s Officers ...... 67 Changing Gears ...... 53(d) Operators, Machinery ...... 98 Control points ...... 53(j) Overboard Discharges ...... 95(d) Controls Secured ...... 53(k) Personal Protective Equipment: Defects ...... 53(e) Drowning Protection ...... 105(b) Drivers, Seats and Shelters ...... 53(f) Eye Protection ...... 101 Escaping Steam ...... 53(e) Foot Protection ...... 104 Extension Levers ...... 53(g) Head Protection ...... 103 Extension Control Levers ...... 53(h) Protective Clothing ...... 105(a) Gear Shift Locking ...... 53(c) Respiratory Protection ...... 102 Guarding ...... 53(a) Pontoons: (see Hatch Covers). Improper Control Lever Operation .53(b) Lifting ...... 42(c) Unattended ...... 53(k) Secured ...... 43(e) Wire Rope Clips: Stowage ...... 43 (a), (b), (c) Prohibited ...... 52(c)(3), .62(b)(7) Preventer: Use ...... 62(b)(5) Coaming Rollers ...... 52(e)

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PART 1919—GEAR CERTIFICATION 1919.30 Examinations subsequent to unit tests. 1919.31 Proof tests—loose gear. Subpart A—General Provisions 1919.32 Specially designed blocks and com- Sec. ponents. 1919.33 Proof tests—wire rope. 1919.1 Purpose and scope. 1919.34 Proof tests after repairs or alter- 1919.2 Definition of terms. ations. 1919.35 Order of tests. Subpart B—Procedure Governing 1919.36 Heat treatment. Accreditation 1919.37 Competent persons. 1919.3 Application for accreditation. 1919.4 Action upon application. Subpart F—Accreditation To Certificate 1919.5 Duration and renewal of accredita- Shore-Based Equipment tion. 1919.50 Eligibility for accreditation to cer- 1919.6 Criteria governing accreditation to tificate shore-based material handling certificate vessels’ cargo gear. devices covered by § 1917.50 of this chap- 1919.7 Voluntary amendment or termi- ter, safety and health regulations for ma- nation of accreditation. rine terminals. 1919.8 Suspension or revocation of accredi- 1919.51 Provisions respecting application for tation. accreditation, action upon the applica- 1919.9 Reconsideration and review. tion, and related matters.

Subpart C—Duties of Persons Accredited Subpart G—Duties of Persons Accredited To Certificate Vessels’ Cargo Gear To Certificate Shore-Based Material 1919.10 General duties; exemptions. Handling Devices 1919.11 Recordkeeping and related proce- 1919.60 General duties, exemptions. dures concerning records in custody of accredited persons. Subpart H—Certification of Shore-Based 1919.12 Recordkeeping and related proce- Material Handling Devices dures concerning records in custody of the vessel. 1919.70 General provisions. 1919.71 Unit proof test and examination of Subpart D—Certification of Vessels’ Cargo cranes. Gear 1919.72 Annual examination of cranes. 1919.73 Unit proof test and examination of 1919.13 General. derricks. 1919.14 Initial tests of cargo gear and tests 1919.74 Annual examination of derricks. after alterations, renewals or repairs. 1919.75 Determination of crane or derrick 1919.15 Periodic tests, examinations and in- safe working loads and limitations in ab- spections. sence of manufacturer’s data. 1919.16 Heat treatment. 1919.76 Safe working load reduction. 1919.17 Exemptions from heat treatment. 1919.77 Safe working load increase. 1919.18 Grace periods. 1919.78 Nondestructive examinations. 1919.19 Gear requiring welding. 1919.79 Wire rope. 1919.20 Damaged components. 1919.80 Heat treatment. 1919.21 Marking and posting of safe working 1919.81 Examination of bulk cargo loading loads. or discharging spouts or suckers. 1919.22 Requirements governing braking de- 1919.90 Documentation. vices and power sources. AUTHORITY: Sec. 41, Longshore and Harbor 1919.23 Means of derrick attachment. Workers’ Compensation Act (33 U.S.C. 941); 1919.24 Limitations on use of wire rope. Secs. 4, 6, 8, Occupational Safety and Health 1919.25 Limitations on use of chains. Act of 1970 (29 U.S.C. 653, 655, 657); Secretary Subpart E—Certification of Vessels: Tests of Labor’s Order No. 12–71 (36 FR 8754), 8–76 (41 FR 25059), 9–83 (48 FR 35736) or 1–90 (55 FR and Proof Loads; Heat Treatment; 9033), as applicable; 29 CFR part 1911. Competent Persons EFFECTIVE DATE NOTE: At 76 FR 33610, June 1919.26 Visual inspection before tests. 8, 2011, the authority citation was revised, ef- 1919.27 Unit proof tests—winches, derricks fective July 8, 2011. For the convenience of and gear accessory thereto. the user, the added and revised text is set 1919.28 Unit proof tests—cranes and gear ac- forth as follows: cessory thereto. AUTHORITY: 33 U.S.C. 941; 29 U.S.C. 653, 655, 1919.29 Limitations on safe working loads 657); Secretary of Labor’s Order No. 12–71 (36 and proof loads. FR 8754), 8–76 (41 FR 25059), 9–83 (48 FR 35736),

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