Mantua Humanistic Studies. Volume VI
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
First Capitals of Armenia and Georgia: Armawir and Armazi (Problems of Early Ethnic Associations)
First Capitals of Armenia and Georgia: Armawir and Armazi (Problems of Early Ethnic Associations) Armen Petrosyan Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Yerevan The foundation legends of the first capitals of Armenia and Georgia – Armawir and Armazi – have several common features. A specific cult of the moon god is attested in both cities in the triadic temples along with the supreme thunder god and the sun god. The names of Armawir and Armazi may be associated with the Anatolian Arma- ‘moon (god).’ The Armenian ethnonym (exonym) Armen may also be derived from the same stem. The sacred character of cultic localities is extremely enduring. The cults were changed, but the localities kept their sacred character for millennia. At the transition to a new religious system the new cults were often simply imposed on the old ones (e.g., the old temple was renamed after a new deity, or the new temple was built on the site or near the ruins of the old one). The new deities inherited the characteristics of the old ones, or, one may say, the old cults were simply renamed, which could have been accompanied by some changes of the cult practices. Evidently, in the new system more or less comparable images were chosen to replace the old ones: similarity of functions, rituals, names, concurrence of days of cult, etc (Petrosyan 2006: 4 f.; Petrosyan 2007a: 175).1 On the other hand, in the course of religious changes, old gods often descend to the lower level of epic heroes. Thus, the heroes of the Armenian ethnogonic legends and the epic “Daredevils of Sasun” are derived from ancient local gods: e.g., Sanasar, who obtains the 1For numerous examples of preservation of pre-Urartian and Urartian holy places in medieval Armenia, see, e.g., Hmayakyan and Sanamyan 2001). -
Correlation of the Burushaski Pronominal System with Indo-European and Phonological and Grammatical Evidence for a Genetic Relationship
Correlation of the Burushaski Pronominal System with Indo-European and Phonological and Grammatical Evidence for a Genetic Relationship Ilija Çasule Macquarie University The Burushaski personal and demonstrative pronominal system is correlated in its entirety with Indo-European. This close correlation, together with the extensive grammatical correspondences in the nominal and verbal systems (given as an addendum), advances significantly the hypothesis of the genetic affiliation of Burushaski with Indo-European. The article includes a comprehensive discussion of the Burushaski-Indo-European phonological and lexical correspondences. It proposes that Burushaski is an Indo- European language which at some stage of its development was in contact with an agglutinative system. 1. Introduction 1.1. Brief overview of sources and previous studies Being a language with undetermined genetic affiliation, Burushaski has attracted considerable interest, especially in the last twenty years, but also earlier. There have been many attempts to relate it to languages as diverse as Basque, Nubian, Dravidian, various Caucasic as well as Yeniseian languages, Sino-Tibetan and Sumerian (for a brief overview, see Bashir 2000:1-3). These endeavors have failed mostly because of unsystematic or inconsistent correspondences, incorrect internal reconstruction, excessive semantic latitude and incoherent semantic fields, root etymologizing and especially lack of grammatical and derivational evidence. Burushaski is spoken by around 90,000 people (Berger 1990:567) in the Karakoram area in North-West Pakistan at the junction of three linguistic families — the Indo- European (Indo-Aryan and Iranian), the Sino-Tibetan and the Turkic. Its dialectal differentiation is minor. There are Volume 40, Number 1 & 2, Spring/Summer 2012 60 Ilija Çasule three very closely related dialects: Hunza and Nager with minimal differences, and the Yasin dialect, which exhibits differential traits, but is still mutually intelligible with the former two. -
Coevolution of Languages and Genes Brigitte Pakendorf
Coevolution of languages and genes Brigitte Pakendorf To cite this version: Brigitte Pakendorf. Coevolution of languages and genes. Current Opinion in Genetics and Develop- ment, Elsevier, 2014, 29, pp.39-44. 10.1016/j.gde.2014.07.006. halshs-01178752 HAL Id: halshs-01178752 https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-01178752 Submitted on 16 Jul 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Coevolution of languages and genes [article published as: Pakendorf, Brigitte (2014): Coevolution of languages and genes. Current Opinion in Genetics and Development 29: 39-44; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gde.2014.07.006 ] Brigitte Pakendorf Laboratoire Dynamique du Langage, UMR5596, CNRS & Université Lyon Lumière 2 postal address: ISH-DDL 14 avenue Berthelot 69363 Lyon Cedex 07 FRANCE [email protected] Tel. (office): +33-4-72 72 64 10 Tel. (mobile): +49-1578-779 61 91 Abstract The evolution of languages shares certain characteristics with that of genes, such as the predominantly vertical line of transmission and the retention of traces of past events such as contact. Thus, studies of language phylogenies and their correlations with genetic phylogenies can enrich our understanding of human prehistory, while insights gained from genetic studies of past population contact can help shed light on the processes underlying language contact and change. -
UC Berkeley Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society
UC Berkeley Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society Title Metathesis and Reanalysis in Ket Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5qj2m6j9 Journal Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society, 36(36) ISSN 2377-1666 Author Vajda, Edward Publication Date 2016 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRTY SIXTH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE BERKELEY LINGUISTICS SOCIETY February 6-7, 2010 General Session Special Session Language Isolates and Orphans Parasession Writing Systems and Orthography Editors Nicholas Rolle Jeremy Steffman John Sylak-Glassman Berkeley Linguistics Society Berkeley, CA, USA Berkeley Linguistics Society University of California, Berkeley Department of Linguistics 1203 Dwinelle Hall Berkeley, CA 94720-2650 USA All papers copyright c 2016 by the Berkeley Linguistics Society, Inc. All rights reserved. ISSN: 0363-2946 LCCN: 76-640143 Contents Acknowledgments v Foreword vii Basque Genitive Case and Multiple Checking Xabier Artiagoitia . 1 Language Isolates and Their History, or, What's Weird, Anyway? Lyle Campbell . 16 Putting and Taking Events in Mandarin Chinese Jidong Chen . 32 Orthography Shapes Semantic and Phonological Activation in Reading Hui-Wen Cheng and Catherine L. Caldwell-Harris . 46 Writing in the World and Linguistics Peter T. Daniels . 61 When is Orthography Not Just Orthography? The Case of the Novgorod Birchbark Letters Andrew Dombrowski . 91 Gesture-to-Speech Mismatch in the Construction of Problem Solving Insight J.T.E. Elms . 101 Semantically-Oriented Vowel Reduction in an Amazonian Language Caleb Everett . 116 Universals in the Visual-Kinesthetic Modality: Politeness Marking Features in Japanese Sign Language (JSL) Johnny George . -
On the Origin of Salish, Wakashan, and North
84 International Journal of Modern Anthropology Int. J. Mod. Anthrop. 1 : 1-121 (2008) Available online at www.ata.org.tn Original Synthetic Article On The Origin of Salish, Wakashnan, and North Caucasian Languages Vitaly Shevoroshkin Vitaly Shevoroshkin was born in 1932 in Georgia (then a republic of the USSR). In the years 1951-1974 he lived in Moscow USSR, where he has graduated from the Dept. of Philology of the Moscow University in 1956. When working as a researcher in the USSR Academy of Sciences (1966-1973), he defended two dissertations on linguistics (1964 and 1966). Since 1974, he lives in the USA where he is Professor of Linguistics at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor. He has published and edited 20 books and wrote over 500 papers on linguistics. He is mostly interested in the problems of distant genetic relationship between different language families. Department of Linguistics, University of Michigan , USA ; E. mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT The following paper represents a comparison between the most stable words in two language unities: 1) Salish-Wakashan (North America) and 2) Lezghian group of the North Caucasian family (North Caucasus). This comparison shows that any word/root from the list of basic words in Salish and/or Wakashan precisely matches the appropriate word/root of Lezghian as well as its proto-form in North Caucasian. Such close similarity clearly shows that the Salish-Wakashan languages of North America are related to the North Caucasian languages. We may add that the North Caucasian languages are older, and phonetically more complex, than Salish-Wakashan languages. -
Northeast Caucasian Languages and the Ainu-Minoan Stock
2 CAES Vol. 7, № 1 (February 2021) Northeast Caucasian languages and the Ainu-Minoan stock Alexander Akulov independent scholar; Saint Petersburg, Russia; e-mail: [email protected] Abstract The hypothesis that Northwest and Northeast Caucasian languages are related was proposed by S. A. Starostin, however, the methodology used by Starostin (comparison of the so-called basic vocabulary) cannot resolve the question of whether the compared languages are related. The only tool that can detect the relatedness of certain languages is the comparison of grammar. Previously it was proved that the Northwest Caucasian family is a part of the Ainu- Minoan stock. In this paper the question of whether Northeast Caucasian languages are related to the Ainu-Minoan stock is resolved by Verb Grammar Correlation Index (VGCI): Tabasaran is compared with Kabardian. If the value of VGCI is about 0.4 or more then compared languages are related. VGCI of Tabasaran and Kabardian is 0.39, so they belong to the same family, and due to the transitivity of relatedness Northeast Caucasian languages belong to the Ainu-Minoan stock. Keywords: Northwest Caucasian languages; Northeast Caucasian languages; Caucasian languages; Tabasaran language; Kabardian language; Verb Grammar Correlation Index 1. Introduction The hypothesis that Northwest and Northeast Caucasian languages are related was proposed by S. A. Starostin (see for instance: Starostin 1984). Starostin also supposed that Northwest Caucasian languages are related to Hattic and Northeast Caucasian are related to Hurro- Urartian. The relatedness of Northwest Caucasian and Hattic is real (Akulov 2018), while the relatedness of Northeast Caucasian and Hurro-Urartian is pretty doubtful and can be a matter of future research. -
A Dictionary of Linguistics
MID-CENTURY REFERENCE LIBRARY DAGOBERT D. RUNES, Ph.D., General Editor AVAILABLE Dictionary of Ancient History Dictionary of the Arts Dictionary of European History Dictionary of Foreign Words and Phrases Dictionary of Linguistics Dictionary of Mysticism Dictionary of Mythology Dictionary of Philosophy Dictionary of Psychoanalysis Dictionary of Science and Technology Dictionary of Sociology Dictionary of Word Origins Dictionary of World Literature Encyclopedia of Aberrations Encyclopedia of the Arts Encyclopedia of Atomic Energy Encyclopedia of Criminology Encyclopedia of Literature Encyclopedia of Psychology Encyclopedia of Religion Encyclopedia of Substitutes and Synthetics Encyclopedia of Vocational Guidance Illustrated Technical Dictionary Labor Dictionary Liberal Arts Dictionary Military and Naval Dictionary New Dictionary of American History New Dictionary of Psychology Protestant Dictionary Slavonic Encyclopedia Theatre Dictionary Tobacco Dictionary FORTHCOMING Beethoven Encyclopedia Dictionary of American Folklore Dictionary of American Grammar and Usage Dictionary of American Literature Dictionary of American Maxims Dictionary of American Proverbs Dictionary of American Superstitions Dictionary of American Synonyms Dictionary of Anthropology Dictionary of Arts and Crafts Dictionary of Asiatic History Dictionary of Astronomy Dictionary of Child Guidance Dictionary of Christian Antiquity Dictionary of Discoveries and Inventions Dictionary of Etiquette Dictionary of Forgotten Words Dictionary of French Literature Dictionary of Geography -
Chapter 45. Transeurasian As a Continuum of Diffusion /Draft of January 13, 2018/ Edward Vajda
Chapter 45. Transeurasian as a Continuum of Diffusion /Draft of January 13, 2018/ Edward Vajda Abstract. Intermingling of Turkic, Mongolic, and Tungusic speakers over many centuries left multiple overlapping layers of contact-induced language change in their wake. While the dynamics of pastoralist mobility spread linguistic traits far and wide, it remains unresolved whether contact alone (together with coincidental resemblance) can account for all of the shared features in the families traditionally grouped as “Altaic”, or whether some homologies represent evidence of deeper common ancestry. Without arguing strongly for or against either possibility, this article considers how typological parallels may have diffused among pastoral Inner Eurasia’s four autochthonous families – Uralic, Turkic, Mongolic, and Tungusic – and also into Yeniseian, Yukaghir, Chukchi-Kamchatkan, Nivkh, Ainu, Koreanic, and Japonic – families and isolates that interacted less pervasively with steppe and forest pastoralists. Keywords: Language contact, substrate, superstrate, Xiongnu, historical-comparative linguistics, diffusion, vowel harmony, language typology 1. Introduction While debate continues unabated over whether Turkic, Mongolic, and Tungusic constitute a genealogical unity either together or as separate branches of a larger family, the study of language contact among Inner Eurasia’s indigenous languages has proven a highly fruitful avenue for historical-linguistic research. A key question in supporting or rejecting the existence of an Altaic, Macro-Altaic, or Transeurasian language family is how to separate contact effects from plausible evidence of deeper genealogical relatedness. Given the mobility of pastoral populations and their tendency to absorb or otherwise interact with neighboring groups, identifying new facts about language contact, borrowing, and diffusion can make a particularly relevant contribution toward resolving issues of genealogical classification in this area of the world. -
Genomic Study of the Ket: a Paleo-Eskimo-Related Ethnic Group with Significant Ancient North Eurasian Ancestry
Genomic study of the Ket: a Paleo-Eskimo-related ethnic group with significant ancient North Eurasian ancestry Pavel Flegontov1,2,3*, Piya Changmai1,§, Anastassiya Zidkova1,§, Maria D. Logacheva2,4, Olga Flegontova3, Mikhail S. Gelfand2,4, Evgeny S. Gerasimov2,4, Ekaterina E. Khrameeva5,2, Olga P. Konovalova4, Tatiana Neretina4, Yuri V. Nikolsky6,11, George Starostin7,8, Vita V. Stepanova5,2, Igor V. Travinsky#, Martin Tříska9, Petr Tříska10, Tatiana V. Tatarinova2,9,12* 1 Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic 2 A.A.Kharkevich Institute for Information Transmission Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation 3 Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budĕjovice, Czech Republic 4 Department of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation 5 Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Skolkovo, Russian Federation 6 Biomedical Cluster, Skolkovo Foundation, Skolkovo, Russian Federation 7 Russian State University for the Humanities, Moscow, Russian Federation 8 Russian Presidential Academy (RANEPA), Moscow, Russian Federation 9 Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA 10 Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal 11 George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA 12 Spatial Science Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA *corresponding authors: P.F., email [email protected]; T.V.T., email [email protected] § the authors contributed equally # retired, former affiliation: Central Siberian National Nature Reserve, Bor, Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russian Federation. Abstract The Kets, an ethnic group in the Yenisei River basin, Russia, are considered the last nomadic hunter-gatherers of Siberia, and Ket language has no transparent affiliation with any language family. -
Part V. Reference Material: Cumulative Bibliography and Indexes
PART V. REFERENCE MATERIAL: CUMULATIVE BIBLIOGRAPHY AND INDEXES CUMULATIVE BIBLIOGRAPHY grabes , Lund: Gleerup . Aaron, David H., 1995, ‘Early rabbinic exegesis on Noah’s son Ham and the so-called ‘‘Hamitic myth’’ ’, Journal of the American Aksu, A.E., Mudie, P.J., Rochon, A., Kaminski, M.A., Abra- Academy of Religion , 63, 4: 721-59. jano, T., & Ya şar, D., 2002, ‘Persistent Holocene out- flow from the Black Sea to the Eastern Mediterranean Abel, F.M., with Mackay, E.J.H., 1923, Hebron - Le Haram el- contradicts Noah’s flood hypothesis’, GSA [Geographic Khalil , Paris: Leroux. Society of America] Today , May 2002, 12, 5: 4-9. Abramova, Z.A., 1997, ‘Mal’ta’, in: Leroi-Gourhan, A., ed., Dic- Akurgal, Ekrem, 1992, ‘L’Art hatti’, in: Otten, Heinrich, tionnaire de la préhistoire , Paris: Presses Universitaires de Ertem, Hayri, Akurgal, Ekrem, & Süel, Aygül, eds, Hit- France, first published 1988, pp. 683-4. tite and other Anatolian and Near Eastern studies in Abu el-Haj, N., 2001, Facts on the ground: Archaeological practice honour of Sedat Alp , Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu and territorial self-fashioning in Israeli society , Chicago: Uni- Basımevi, pp. 1-5. versity of Chicago Press. Albright, William Foxwell, 1932, The excavations of Tell Abusch, T., & van der Toorn, K., 1999, eds, Mesopotamian magic: Beit Mirsim in Palestine , I : The pottery of the first three Textual, historical, and interpretative perspectives , Groningen: campaigns , vol. 12, Annual of the American Schools of Styx. Oriental Research , New Haven CT: American Schools of Oriental Research. Achterberg, Winfried, Best, Jan, Enzler, Kees, Rietveld, Lia, & Woudhuizen, Fred, 2004, The Phaistos disc : A Luwian letter to Albright, William Foxwell, 1934, The vocalisation of the Nestor , Publications of the Henri Frankfort Foundation 13, Egyptian syllabic orthography , American Oriental Se- Amsterdam: Dutch Archaeological and Historical Society. -
BERNARD COMRIE PUBLICATIONS I. Books 1976 Aspect
BERNARD COMRIE PUBLICATIONS I. Books 1976 Aspect: An Introduction to the Study of Verbal Aspect and Related Problems (Cambridge Textbooks in Linguistics). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. x + 142 pp. [Reprinted with corrections 1978, 1981, reprinted 1985, 1987, 1989, 1991, 1993, 1995. Japanese translation: Asupekuto. Tokyo: Mugi Shobo, 227 pp., 1988. Korean translation: Tongsa sang-uy ihay. Korea: Hanshin Publishers, 1998.] 1977 (Bernard Comrie, Norval Smith) Lingua Descriptive Studies: Questionnaire (= Lingua 42.1). Amsterdam: North-Holland. 72 pp. [French translation: Questionnaire structuré pour la description d’une langue. Montréal: Éditions de l’Université du Québec à Montréal, 98 pp., 1987. Reprinted 1982 in International Journal of Dravidian Linguistics 11: 393–458. Chinese translation incorporated in: Liu Danqing (ed.), A Handbook for Grammatical Investigation and Research, Shanghai: Shanghai Educational Publishing House, 2008.] 1978 (Bernard Comrie, Gerald Stone) The Russian Language Since the Revolution. Oxford: Clarendon Press. xii + 258 pp. [For second edition, see Comrie/Stone/Polinsky 1996.] 1981 Language Universals and Linguistic Typology: Syntax and Morphology. Oxford: Blackwell and Chicago: University of Chicago Press. xi + 252 pp. [Reprinted 1983, 1986, 1987. Second revised ed. 1989. Italian translation: Universali del linguaggio e tipologia linguistica. Bologna: Il Mulino, 330 pp., 1983. Spanish translation: Universales del lenguaje y tipología lingüística: sintaxis y morfología. Madrid: Gredos, 375 pp., 1988. Chinese translation: Yuyuan Gongxing He Yuyuan Leixing (Ershi Shiji Wenku). Beijing: Huaxia Chubanshe, 325 pp., 1989. Japanese translation: Gengo Huhensei to Gengo Ruikeiron: Toogoron to Keitairon. Tokyo: Hituzisyoboo, xiv + 301 pp., 1991. Turkish translation: Dil evrensellikleri ve dilbilim tipologisi. Ankara: HECE. 301 pp., 2005. (Bernard Comrie, in collaboration with B.G. -
Predicative Possession in the Novgorod Birch Bark Documents in the Ural-Altaic Context1
SUSA/JSFOu 97, 2019 Chingduang Yurayong (Helsinki) Predicative possession in the Novgorod Birch Bark documents in the Ural-Altaic context1 This paper discusses predicative possessive constructions in the East Slavic languages, with a particular focus on the Old Novgorod Slavic dialect, in connection to the neigh- bouring Ural-Altaic languages. An areal-typological investigation shows that the East Slavic languages prefer the use of a locational possessive (mihi est), while the rest of Slavic and Europe’s Indo-European languages primarily use a have-possessive (habeo). Serving as primary data for this study, the dialect written in the Novgorod Birch Bark documents confirms a preference of the locational possessive over thehave -possessive. The current study also evaluates three hypotheses on the origin of the East Slavic loca- tional possessive, proposed in earlier studies: 1) a Uralic substrate, 2) a Slavic archa- ism and 3) a Northern Eurasian areal pattern. Given the typological survey as well as the empirical and historical comparative investigation, the locational possessive can be considered a preferred areal pattern across Northern Eurasia. Being a part of the macro contact zone of Northern Eurasia, the choice of locational possessive in the East Slavic languages is reinforced by the areal diffusion, especially from the close neighbouring languages, Uralic and Turkic. 1. Introduction This paper deals with 11th–15th-century Novgorod Birch Bark documents, the first of which were found on 26 June 1951 by Nina Fedorovna Akulova, a member of the Russian archaeology research group visiting the site (Nosov, Ribina & Janin 1993: 49; Schaeken 2012: 84). Since then, more documents have been continuously excavated, and the current number of birch bark documents found is ca.