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Yellowstone Grizzly Bear Investigations 2015

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Yellowstone Grizzly Bear Investigations 2015 Yellowstone Grizzly Bear Investigations 2015 Annual Report of the Interagency Grizzly Bear Study Team The research described in this report complied with current laws of the United States of America, was conducted in accordance with animal care and use guidelines, and was approved by Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees of the respective member agencies. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S., State, or Tribal Governments. Data contained in this report are preliminary and subject to change. Please obtain permission prior to citation. To give credit to authors, please cite the section within this report as a chapter in a book. Below is an example: Bjornlie, D. D., and M. A. Haroldson. 2016. Grizzly bear use of insect aggregation sites. Pages 51–55 in F. T. van Manen, M. A. Haroldson, and B. E. Karabensh, editors. Yellowstone grizzly bear investigations: annual report of the Interagency Grizzly Bear Study Team, 2015. U.S. Geological Survey, Bozeman, Montana, USA Cover photo courtesy of Jake Davis (RevealedInNature.com) YELLOWSTONE GRIZZLY BEAR INVESTIGATIONS Annual Report of the Interagency Grizzly Bear Study Team 2015 U.S. Geological Survey Wyoming Game and Fish Department National Park Service U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks U.S. Forest Service Idaho Department of Fish and Game Eastern Shoshone and Northern Arapaho Tribal Fish and Game Department Edited by Frank T. van Manen, Mark A. Haroldson, and Bryn E. Karabensh U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey 2016 IGBST Partner Websites Interagency Grizzly Bear Study Team (USGS): http://www.usgs.gov/norock/igbst Grizzly Bear Recovery (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service): https://www.fws.gov/mountain-prairie/es/grizzlyBear.php Yellowstone and Grand Teton National Parks (National Park Service): http://www.nps.gov/yell/planyourvisit/bearsafety.htm http://www.nps.gov/grte/planyourvisit/bearsafety.htm Wyoming Game and Fish Department: https://wgfd.wyo.gov/Wildlife-in-Wyoming/More-Wildlife/Large-Carnivore/Grizzly-Bear-Management Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks: http://fwp.mt.gov/fishAndWildlife/livingWithWildlife/grizzlyBears/default.html Idaho Fish and Game: http://fishandgame.idaho.gov/public/wildlife/?getPage=248 Table of Contents Introduction ............................................................................................................................................................ 1 This Report ........................................................................................................................................................................ 1 Forty Years of Grizzly Bear Recovery .............................................................................................................................. 1 Population and Habitat Monitoring ................................................................................................................................... 2 History and Purpose of the IGBST ................................................................................................................................... 3 Previous Research ............................................................................................................................................................. 3 Acknowledgments ............................................................................................................................................................. 3 Bear Monitoring and Population Trend ................................................................................................................. 5 Marked Animals ................................................................................................................................................................ 5 Estimating Number of Females with Cubs ..................................................................................................................... 13 Occupancy of Bear Management Units (BMU) by Females with Young ...................................................................... 24 Observation Flights ......................................................................................................................................................... 25 Telemetry Location Flights ............................................................................................................................................. 28 Documented Grizzly Bear Mortalities in the GYE and Estimated Percent Mortality for the Demographic Monitoring Area .............................................................................................................................................................. 29 Monitoring of Grizzly Bear Foods ....................................................................................................................... 38 Spring Ungulate Availability and Use by Grizzly Bears in Yellowstone National Park. ............................................... 38 Spawning Cutthroat Trout Availability and Use by Grizzly Bears in Yellowstone National Park ................................ 44 Grizzly Bear Use of Insect Aggregation Sites ................................................................................................................ 51 Whitebark Pine Cone Production .................................................................................................................................... 56 Habitat Monitoring............................................................................................................................................... 59 Grand Teton National Park Recreational Use ................................................................................................................. 59 Yellowstone National Park Recreational Use ................................................................................................................. 60 Trends in elk hunter numbers within the Grizzly Bear Recovery Zone plus the 10-mile perimeter area ....................... 63 Human-Grizzly Bear Conflicts in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem .............................................................. 65 Human-Grizzly Bear Conflicts in Grand Teton National Park ....................................................................................... 65 Human-Grizzly Bear Conflicts in Yellowstone National Park ...................................................................................... 66 Human-Grizzly Bear Conflicts in Idaho ........................................................................................................................ 71 Human-Grizzly Bear Conflicts in Montana ................................................................................................................... 73 Human-Grizzly Bear Conflicts in Wyoming ................................................................................................................. 79 Human-Grizzly Bear Conflicts on the Wind River Reservation .................................................................................... 86 Human-Grizzly Bear Interactions in Yellowstone National Park .................................................................................. 87 Visitor Compliance with Bear Spray and Hiking Group Size Bear Safety Recommendations in Yellowstone National Park................................................................................................................................................................... 93 Literature Cited .................................................................................................................................................... 94 Appendix A: 2015 Grizzly Bear Annual Habitat Monitoring Report .................................................................. 94 Appendix B: Monitoring Whitebark Pine in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem ............................................. 94 Appendix C: Defining and Assessing Trend using Mark-Resight Estimates ...................................................... 94 Appendix D: 2015 Wyoming Bear Wise Project Updates................................................................................... 94 Appendix E: Grizzly Bear Response to Elk Hunting in Grand Teton National Park .......................................... 94 relatively low (0.2%) over the time period 1985– 2010. Kamath et al. (2015) concluded that the Introduction current effective population size is sufficiently large to avoid substantial accumulation of inbreeding Frank T. van Manen and Mark A. Haroldson, U.S. depression, reducing concerns regarding genetic Geological Survey, Interagency Grizzly Bear Study factors affecting the viability of the population. Team Nevertheless, the historically small effective population size, relatively low diversity, and This Report isolation over many generations suggest the grizzly population could benefit from increased fitness This Annual Report summarizes results of following the restoration of gene flow. With recent grizzly bear (Ursus arctos) monitoring and research records of grizzly bears from the Northern conducted in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem Continental Divide Ecosystem (NCDE) as close as (GYE) by the Interagency Grizzly Bear Study Team 85 km to occupied grizzly bear range in the GYE, (IGBST) during 2015. The report also contains a and with the outer extent of occupied range of both summary of grizzly bear management actions
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