DOCSLIB.ORG

Making and Maintaining Metropolises

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Making and Maintaining Metropolises MAKING AND MAINTAINING METROPOLISES: ENTREPRENEURIAL MUNICIPALISM IN TURKEY by Sude Bahar Beltan A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Political Science University of Toronto © Copyright by Sude Bahar Beltan 2018 Making and Maintaining Metropolises: Entrepreneurial Municipalism in Turkey Sude Bahar Beltan Doctor of Philosophy Department of Political Science University of Toronto 2018 Abstract This dissertation explores the implications of the public administration and local governance reforms that took place in Turkey in the mid-2000s with a comparative focus on three major metropolitan cities: İstanbul, İzmir, and Diyarbakır. Engaging with the literatures on state rescaling and urban entrepreneurialism, the author analyzes how reforms transformed municipalities into entrepreneurial organizations primarily concerned with territorial competitiveness of their jurisdictions while the central state repositioned itself as a critical actor in urban policy-making. The dissertation research is guided by three critical aspects of urban governance in Turkey: the changing dynamics of intergovernmental relations (national/local and metropolitan/district), the institutional transformation of municipalities (New Public Management restructuring), and emergent urban policies (city branding initiatives, urban transformation projects, and social services). The author argues that variations across three cities indicate how intergovernmental relations imbued with party politics and the local political context are critical in conditioning the scope and content of entrepreneurial action. The author proposes that studies of neoliberal urbanism, which analytically prioritize the political economy perspective, should put cities back into their national context to capture the political and institutional embeddedness of contemporary neoliberal urban governance. ii Acknowledgments It takes a great deal of hard work, patience, and perseverance to complete a Ph.D. In this journey, writing my dissertation was probably the most challenging task. But although it is a lonely job, I was never alone. I was able to do it because of all the exceptional people in my life. I want to start by thanking Edward Schatz for believing in me and my project, and continuing to act as my supervisor even after my dissertation took an “urban” turn. From the beginning, he made it a priority in his busy schedule to read my proto-chapters, chapters, and full drafts, providing substantive and quick feedback. His expertise and analytical approach improved the comparative aspect of this dissertation tremendously. I am grateful for his support and guidance in this journey. I also want to thank my committee members, Richard Stren and Theresa Enright, whose brilliance and expertise in urban politics elevated my analysis exponentially. Richard read my drafts very closely, challenged my arguments only to hone them, took time to patiently edit my writing, and met with me in person several times to discuss and helped me strategize next steps. Theresa played a remarkable role in my engagement with the literature and situating of focus. Her pointed comments and suggestions helped me uncover what it was that I was arguing. I want to thank my internal examiner, Paul Kingston, for taking the time to read my dissertation, his genuine interest in my project, and his constructive comments, which were critical in bringing this dissertation to its next step. I want to thank Patrick Le Galès for agreeing to be my external examiner; his engagement with the content of my dissertation and his excellent comments and constructive criticisms will be instrumental in revising this work for future publication. And I thank Colette Stoeber for her brilliant editorial work; I could not have asked for a better copy editor. My special thanks go to Joseph Carens for being my mentor and my anchor in this journey. He helped restore my faith in my project and encouraged me to complete it after coming back from maternity leave. Leaving aside his brilliance, his humanity and the genuine care and interest he showed me played an essential role in my success. This dissertation would not have been possible without the people I interviewed during my fieldwork in İstanbul, İzmir, and Diyarbakır. I appreciate the time and sincerity of my interviewees, who shared their experiences and the visions and dreams they have for their cities. I am grateful to Azize Yılmaz for being my guide in Diyarbakır on my first-ever visit to the city and connecting me to several interviewees. I also thank Ayşe Sipahioğlu for introducing me to Azize. I thank Yılmaz Gönen in Izmir who played a key role in my interview with the metropolitan mayor. It was Carolynn Branton who navigated me through the administrative stages and hurdles of the Ph.D. program with utmost empathy, calmness, and reassurance. She makes the Department of Political Science a better place. I also want to thank Louis Tentsos for his support in the days leading to the defense. I had the pleasure to work with great people in my time at the University of Toronto. I am especially thankful to Beverly Lewis at the Faculty of Arts and Science; Norma Dotto and Terri Winchester at the Department of Political Science at UTM; and the Trinity College community. I thank my students in POL346 at UTM who made my last year of Ph.D. a much more meaningful one. iii I want to thank my friends in Turkey and Canada who encouraged and supported me in various ways: Ali Arvas, Begüm Uzun, Daniella Levy-Pinto, Dragana Bodružić, Elinor Bray-Collins, Filiz Tutku Aydın, Gizem Pınar Ünveren, Lilian Abou-Tabickh, Lindsey Shorser, Mehtap Kural, Olga Kesarchuk, Serdar Tekin, Süheyla Nil Mustafa, and Zeynep Başkurt. I am grateful for their friendship and cherish the times we spent together. Özlem Aslan has been more than just a friend I have had since my undergraduate years. She became my confidant, sounding board, mentor, and a sister I trust. She closely read chapters in this dissertation, helped me to better organize my ideas, calmed me down before my deadlines, babysat my daughter so that I could write, and helped me solve my everyday problems with utmost empathy, sincerity, and charm. My heartfelt thanks to her for being by my side in this journey. I am blessed in this life to have a family like mine. Words cannot express my gratitude to my parents, Suzan and Mehmet Beltan, my sisters, Arzu and Nihal, and my niece Fulya who have believed in me, supported me, cheered on me, and loved me unconditionally. My parents always believed in the power of education, and perhaps because their own schooling was cut short because of circumstances and responsibilities, they made sure we never had to give up on our right to education. Annecim ve babacım, ben ikinizin yerine de okumuş oldum. My father has been my role model with his work ethic and sense of duty. My mother has been a constant source of inspiration with her strength, unwavering hopefulness, and dedication. She also showed me how you can never retire from being a mother when she took care of my daughter in Turkey and Canada so that I could finish writing the dissertation. I am happy that she was by my side when I completed it all. My sister Arzu always knew how to cheer me up with her infectious laugh and uplifting praise. My sister Nihal, who has the biggest heart of anyone I know, supported me in so many caring ways: from sending gifts to emailing me municipal news and websites and helping me with her outstanding computer skills. I am looking forward to sharing the convocation ceremony with her— just as we shared my first reading festival in grade one. Fulya, the best niece an aunt can ever ask for: I am especially grateful for her support in the summer of 2017. Her presence and calmness made the finishing stages more bearable. This Ph.D. was not just an educational episode in my life. My coming to Canada brought two special people into my life. I want to thank my husband, Mohamed Masoud, for being such a loving father to our daughter and his continuous support even from the other side of the continent. His motivation and love pushed me to the finish line. And to my daughter Saranur, the light of my life, I owe you the biggest thanks. You were so understanding and so helpful for a toddler when I went to the library to write for long hours. Being your mother is the best thing that ever happened to me. You are the reason I now have this degree—because you inspire me to be a better version of myself. I love you. I dedicate this dissertation to all my family. iv Table of Contents List of Tables and Maps vi List of Acronyms vii List of Appendices viii Chapter One – Introduction 1 Chapter Two – Restructuring Local Governance in Turkey 38 Chapter Three – İstanbul, The “National Champion” of Cities 100 Chapter Four – İzmir, The Lagged or Obstructed Metropolis? 143 Chapter Five – Diyarbakır, The Politicized Metropolis 188 Chapter Six – Conclusion 227 Bibliography 260 Appendices 273 v List of Tables and Maps Table 1 – Urban Entrepreneurialism Map 1 – İstanbul Province in Turkey Map 2 – İstanbul Metropolitan Municipality and District Municipalities Map 3 – İzmir Province in Turkey Map 4 – İzmir Metropolitan Municipality and District Municipalities Map 5 – Diyarbakır Province in Turkey Map 6 – Diyarbakır Metropolitan Municipality and District Municipalities vi List of Acronyms AKP – Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi (Justice and Development Party) ANAP – Anavatan Partisi (Motherland Party) BDP –Barış
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Public Restrictions on Transfer of Agricultural Lands in Turkey
    Public restrictions on transfer of agricultural lands in Turkey Okan YILDIZ and Yakup Emre CORUHLU, Turkey Key words: agricultural land, public restriction, heritage, land division SUMMARY Heritage policies accepting the concept of equal sharing was implemented in Turkey for many years. This policies has led to the fragmentation of agricultural land over time and led to higher costs and decrease productivity in agricultural enterprises. Therefore, Soil Protection and Land Use Law entered into force in order to prevent fragmentation of agricultural lands. According to the law; division, sale and transfer of the agricultural lands are restricted brought various conditions. These conditions affecting ownership rights are considered as "public restriction". The restrictions arising from the law are not directly represented on the land registry. Because of this feature, it can also be called as “hidden restrictions”. As a consequence of the increasing importance of agricultural land in the world over the next century, the restrictions on the acquisition and use of the ownership rights in agricultural lands are inevitable. In Turkey, the transfering of ownership in agricultural lands is restricted within the framework of these policies. The general framework of these policies is as follows: Minimum parcel sizes are defined. The concept of economic integrity assessment has been introduced for agricultural lands in fragmented structures. Thus, the agricultural lands that forms the economic integrity has been tried to be preserved as a whole. With another innovation, transfering of agricultural lands via inheritance has been turned into an inheritance obligation. In this respect, the competent heirs are given priority. However, all these restrictions can obtain in social consequences.
    [Show full text]
  • Than Meets the Evil Eye
    MORE THAN MEETS THE EVIL EYE Business Practices and Constraints of SMEs in Turkey Sarah Willis-Ertür Jennie Vader CONTENTS About 4 Credits 5 Executive Summary 6 Introduction 10 Ambiguous Position in the Global Market 12 SME’s Could Decide Turkey’s Future 15 Methodology 16 Participant and Region Selection 18 Challenges and Limitations 19 Stakeholders in the Turkish SME Landscape 20 Findings and Analysis 24 Strategy and Planning 26 Human Capital 30 Financing 38 Competitiveness 48 Conclusion 54 Appendix 1: Interview List 56 Appendix 2: SME Offerings by Major Turkish Banks 58 Appendix 3: Endnotes 62 Appendix 4: Bibliography 64 Acknowledgments 67 2 MORE THAN MEETS THE (EVIL) EYE BUSINESS PRACTICES AND CONSTRAINTS OF SMES IN TURKEY 3 ABOUT CREDITS The Institute IBGC-MasterCard Authors Research Assistants for Business in the Fellowship Sarah Willis-Ertür Jennie Vader Mert Özer Global Context Abid Emre Koruk Since 2009, the Institute for Business in the Sarah Willis-Ertür worked for over four Jennie Vader has a bachelor’s degree Global Context at The Fletcher School and years in Germany and Turkey for private from Colorado College in International MasterCard’s Center for Inclusive Growth sector and nonprofit organizations. She Political Economy and a master’s degree have collaborated to pioneer new models and has a bachelor’s degree from the from The Fletcher School of Law and Advisory Team experiential learning in international business University of Minnesota-Duluth in Diplomacy at Tufts University, where she Faculty Advisor through collaborative research projects. German Studies and International focused on the Design, Monitoring, and The Fletcher School’s Institute for Business Studies.
    [Show full text]
  • Combating Domestic Violence Against Women in Turkey. the Role of Women’S Economic Empowerment Aurélien Dasre, Angela Greulich, Inan Ceren
    Combating domestic violence against women in Turkey. The role of women’s economic empowerment Aurélien Dasre, Angela Greulich, Inan Ceren To cite this version: Aurélien Dasre, Angela Greulich, Inan Ceren. Combating domestic violence against women in Turkey. The role of women’s economic empowerment. 2017. halshs-01660703 HAL Id: halshs-01660703 https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-01660703 Submitted on 14 Dec 2017 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Documents de Travail du Centre d’Economie de la Sorbonne Combating domestic violence against women in Turkey. The role of women’s economic empowerment Aurélien DASRE, Angela GREULICH, Ceren INAN 2017.52 Maison des Sciences Économiques, 106-112 boulevard de L'Hôpital, 75647 Paris Cedex 13 http://centredeconomiesorbonne.univ-paris1.fr/ ISSN : 1955-611X Combating domestic violence against women in Turkey. The role of women’s economic empowerment. Aurélien Dasre1£ Angela Greulich* Ceren Inan¥ Abstract This paper identifies motors and barriers for combatting domestic violence against women in Turkey – a country where modernism and conservatism are in constant interplay. We combine information from the Demographic Health Surveys and the Turkish Domestic Violence Survey and distinguish between controlling behavior, physical and sexual violence.
    [Show full text]
  • Anatomy of a Civil War
    Revised Pages Anatomy of a Civil War Anatomy of a Civil War demonstrates the destructive nature of war, rang- ing from the physical destruction to a range of psychosocial problems to the detrimental effects on the environment. Despite such horrific aspects of war, evidence suggests that civil war is likely to generate multilayered outcomes. To examine the transformative aspects of civil war, Mehmet Gurses draws on an original survey conducted in Turkey, where a Kurdish armed group, the Kurdistan Workers’ Party (PKK), has been waging an intermittent insurgency for Kurdish self- rule since 1984. Findings from a probability sample of 2,100 individuals randomly selected from three major Kurdish- populated provinces in the eastern part of Turkey, coupled with insights from face-to- face in- depth inter- views with dozens of individuals affected by violence, provide evidence for the multifaceted nature of exposure to violence during civil war. Just as the destructive nature of war manifests itself in various forms and shapes, wartime experiences can engender positive attitudes toward women, create a culture of political activism, and develop secular values at the individual level. Nonetheless, changes in gender relations and the rise of a secular political culture appear to be primarily shaped by wartime experiences interacting with insurgent ideology. Mehmet Gurses is Associate Professor of Political Science at Florida Atlantic University. Revised Pages Revised Pages ANATOMY OF A CIVIL WAR Sociopolitical Impacts of the Kurdish Conflict in Turkey Mehmet Gurses University of Michigan Press Ann Arbor Revised Pages Copyright © 2018 by Mehmet Gurses All rights reserved This book may not be reproduced, in whole or in part, including illustrations, in any form (beyond that copying permitted by Sections 107 and 108 of the U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Refugees, Xenophobia, and Domestic Conflict: Evidence from a Survey Experiment in Turkey
    Anna Getmansky, Tolga Sınmazdemir and Thomas Zeitzoff Refugees, xenophobia, and domestic conflict: evidence from a survey experiment in Turkey Article (Accepted version) (Refereed) Original citation: Getmansky, Anna and Sınmazdemir, Tolga and Zeitzoff, Thomas (2018) Refugees, xenophobia, and domestic conflict: evidence from a survey experiment in Turkey. Journal of Peace Research, 55 (4). pp. 491-507. ISSN 0022-3433 DOI: 10.1177/0022343317748719 © 2018 the Author(s) This version available at: http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/89173/ Available in LSE Research Online: July 2018 LSE has developed LSE Research Online so that users may access research output of the School. Copyright © and Moral Rights for the papers on this site are retained by the individual authors and/or other copyright owners. Users may download and/or print one copy of any article(s) in LSE Research Online to facilitate their private study or for non-commercial research. You may not engage in further distribution of the material or use it for any profit-making activities or any commercial gain. You may freely distribute the URL (http://eprints.lse.ac.uk) of the LSE Research Online website. This document is the author’s final accepted version of the journal article. There may be differences between this version and the published version. You are advised to consult the publisher’s version if you wish to cite from it. Refugees, Xenophobia, and Domestic Conflict: Evidence from a Survey Experiment in Turkey Anna Getmansky ([email protected]) University of Essex Department
    [Show full text]
  • Syria/Turkey: Is the Largest Displacement Over Such a Short Time Span Since the Start of the War
    ACAPS Briefing Note: Displacement of Syrian Kurdish refugees into Sanliurfa province, Turkey Briefing Note – 23 September 2014 On 19 September, Turkey reopened parts of its border with Syria, and as of 22 September, 130,000 Syrian refugees had crossed into Turkey’s Sanliurfa province. This Syria/Turkey: is the largest displacement over such a short time span since the start of the war. Displacement of Syrian Kurdish Large concentrations of refugees are in Suruc and also in Dikmetas. Numbers are refugees into Sanliurfa province, Turkey expected to continue to rise in the coming days. Turkey already sustains more than 1.3 million Syrian refugees and this latest influx outstretches local capacities, particularly since the number of refugees outside of camps Need for international Not required Low Moderate Significant Urgent continues to rise in Turkey. On 22 September the US and a coalition of allies began assistance X flying air strikes on IS targets in Syria. Insignificant Minor Moderate Significant Major Expected impact X Key Findings Crisis Overview Anticipated The number of Syrian Kurdish refugees arriving in Sanliurfa scope and Affected groups Key figures Percentage province is likely to continue to rise, with an influx of 60,000 more scale refugees expected to arrive in the coming days. Early Resident population in Sanliurfa 1,762,075* assessments indicate that refugees are arriving with few or no belongings. Previous Syrian refugees in Sanliurfa (as of 5 September) Priorities for 181,044* 10.3% Food humanitarian Shelter Newly displaced Syrian refugees intervention Access to safe drinking water, hygiene and sanitation (as of 22 September) 130,000* Non-food items, including clothing, blankets and mattresses Total refugees Health including medicines, medical supplies and (as of 22 September) 311,044* 15% psychosocial support.
    [Show full text]
  • 3. Regression Discontinuity Design and Close Elections
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by UCL Discovery Regression Discontinuity diagnostics reveal statistical anomalies in Turkish elections Ozan Aksoy1,2,#a* 1 UCL Institute of Education, University College London, UK. 2 Nuffield College, Oxford, UK. #a Current address: Department of Quantitative Social Science, UCL Institute of Education, University College London, 20 Bedford Way, London WC1H 0AL. * Corresponding author, e-mail: [email protected] Abstract Using Regression Discontinuity diagnostics we document a number of statistical anomalies in the 2004 Turkish mayoral elections. The governing party that controls the parliament is much more likely to win close races than lose. Moreover, compared to close governing party losses, there is a sharp drop in turnout and contending party votes in close governing party wins. Finally, the parties that disproportionately lose very close races are exclusively ideological competitors of the governing party. Among the potential mechanisms that may create those anomalies, electoral manipulation seems to a plausible explanation. Those anomalies show that the outcomes of very close popular elections can be non-random and that the assumption of the continuity of the expected potential outcomes at the threshold could be violated. We discuss implications of our findings for Regression Discontinuity Designs and for understanding the consolidation of the right-wing electorate in Turkey during the last decade. Acknowledgments We thank Francesco Billari, Nan Dirk de Graaf, Raymond Duch, Andy Eggers, Diego Gambetta, Akitaka Matsuo, Werner Raub, Jeroen Weesie, and Sinan Yildirim for helpful discussions and for their comments on earlier drafts.
    [Show full text]
  • Country Report: Turkey
    Country Report: Turkey 2017 Update Acknowledgements & Methodology The original report and first update were researched and drafted by Refugee Rights Turkey and edited by ECRE. The 2017 update was researched and drafted by an independent consultant and edited by ECRE. This report draws on desk research, field visits and information collected from the Directorate-General for Migration Management (DGMM), UNHCR Turkey, civil society organisations and legal practitioners in Istanbul, Izmir, Ankara, Muğla, Batman, Adana, Hatay, Mersin, Van and Gaziantep. Access to official information on the situation of persons under international or temporary protection in Turkey remains limited to date. Information requests to different authorities were submitted for the purpose of this report but not all have been met with responses. The information in this report is up-to-date as of 31 December 2017, unless otherwise stated. The Asylum Information Database (AIDA) The Asylum Information Database (AIDA) is coordinated by the European Council on Refugees and Exiles (ECRE). It aims to provide up-to date information on asylum practice in 23 countries. This includes 20 EU Member States (AT, BE, BG, CY, DE, ES, FR, GR, HR, HU, IE, IT, MT, NL, PL, PT, RO, SE, SI, UK) and 3 non-EU countries (Serbia, Switzerland, Turkey) which is accessible to researchers, advocates, legal practitioners and the general public through the dedicated website www.asylumineurope.org. The database also seeks to promote the implementation and transposition of EU asylum legislation reflecting the highest possible standards of protection in line with international refugee and human rights law and based on best practice.
    [Show full text]
  • New Turkey” Narrative and Public Policy Change in Turkey1
    THE “NEW TURKEY” NARRATIVE AND PUBLIC POLICY CHANGE IN TURKEY1 Dr. Fethi Ufuk OZISIK* Introduction AKP and the Evolution of Its Rule since 2002’s Legislative Elections The Justice and Development Party (“Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi”), abbreviated JDP in English and AK PARTİ or AKP in Turkish, is a social conservative political party in Turkey. It has developed from the tradition of Islamism, but has officially abandoned this ideology in favor of "conservative democracy" (Duran, 2008; Akdogan, 2006). The party is the largest in Turkey, with 312 members of parliament. Its leader, Ahmet Davutoglu, is Prime Minister, while former party leader Recep Tayyip Erdogan is President of Republic since 2014. Founded in 2001 by members of a number of existing conservative parties, the party has won three general election victories in 2002, 2007 and 2011, winning 34.3%, 46.6% and 49.8% respectively. Having almost won a two-thirds majority of the 550 parliamentary seats in 2002, the party won 341 seats in 2007 and 327 in 2011. The party currently forms a third- term majority government since 18 November 2002, having had their electoral success mirrored locally in the municipal elections of 2004, 2009 and 2014. Shortly after formation, the AKP portrayed itself as a pro-Western and pro- American2 party in the Turkish political spectrum that advocates a liberal market economy including Turkish membership in the European Union3. The party has been described as a “broad right-wing coalition of Islamist, reformist Islamists, conservatives, nationalists, centre- right, and pro-business groups.” (Soner, 2014). The party has for a long time been supported by the Cemaat Movement of exiled Islamic cleric Fethullah Gulen, whose influence in the judiciary has helped to weaken the opposition against the AKP.
    [Show full text]
  • The Unpaid Health Bill – How Coal Power Plants in Turkey Make Us Sick
    THE UNPAID HEALTH BILL How coal power plants in Turkey make us sick Health and Environment Alliance (HEAL) A report from the Health and Environment Alliance A report from the Health and Environment Alliance (HEAL) About the report Preface: Dr. Bayazıt İlhan, Turkish Medical Association Massive investment in coal power plants is Testimonies: Cebrail Şimşek, MD, President planned in Turkey. This report produced by the Turkish Occupational Medicine Society (İMUD), Prof. Dr. Ali Health and Environment Alliance (HEAL) aims to Osman Karababa, President, Doctors for the Environment provide an overview of the scientific evidence Turkey, Filiz Koşar, MD, President, Turkish Respiratory of how air pollution impacts health and how Society (TRS), Assoc. Prof. Haluk C. Çalışır emissions from coal power plants in Turkey are Chair of Air Pollution Working Group, Turkish Thoracic Society, Prof. Dr. Türkan Günay, President, Turkish Society of Public implicated in this. It estimates that air pollution Health Specialists (HASUDER) from the 19 coal-fired power plants that were in operation in 2012 caused health costs of up to 3.6 HEAL would like to thank particularly the Turkish Medical billion EUR a year. A quadrupling of coal power Association for providing the preface to this report, as well capacity as planned, some 80 new coal power as to the health advocates and health professionals, public health experts who provided their testimonies for this plants, would lead to skyrocketing health costs publication. We thank Lauri Myllyvyrta from Greenpeace for current and future generations. The report International for his assistance for data and methodological includes testimonies from leading health and questions.
    [Show full text]
  • Religious Radicalism After the Arab Uprisings JON B
    Religious Religious Radicalism after the Arab Uprisings JON B. ALTERMAN, EDITOR Radicalism The Arab uprisings of 2011 created unexpected opportunities for religious radicals. Although many inside and outside the region initially saw the uprisings as liberal triumphs, illiberal forces have benefitted after the Arab disproportionately. In Tunisia, formally marginalized jihadi-salafi groups appealed for mainstream support, and in Egypt, the Muslim Brotherhood triumphed in Jon B. Alterman Uprisings elections. Even in Saudi Arabia, not known for either lively politics or for Jon B. Alterman political entrepreneurship, a surprising array of forces praised the rise of “Islamic democracy” under a Muslim Brotherhood banner. Yet, at the same time, the Arab uprisings reinforced regional governments’ advantages. The chaos engulfing parts of the region convinced some citizens that they were better off with the governments they had, and many governments successfully employed old and new tools of repression to reinforce the status quo. Religious Radicalism after the Arab Uprisings In the Middle East, conflicts that many thought were coming to an end Religious Radicalism after the Arab Uprisings will continue, as will the dynamism and innovation that have emerged among radical and opposition groups. To face the current threats, governments will need to use many of their existing tools skillfully, but they will also need to judge what tools will no longer work, and what new tools they have at their disposal. The stakes could not be higher. 1616 Rhode Island Avenue NW Washington, DC 20036 t. 202.887.0200 | f. 202.775.3199 www.csis.org EDITOR Jon B. Alterman Religious Radicalism after the Arab Uprisings Religious Radicalism after the Arab Uprisings Editor Jon B.
    [Show full text]
  • Education of Syrian Refugee Children Managing the Crisis in Turkey, Lebanon, and Jordan
    Education of Syrian Refugee Children Managing the Crisis in Turkey, Lebanon, and Jordan Shelly Culbertson, Louay Constant C O R P O R A T I O N For more information on this publication, visit www.rand.org/t/RR859 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available for this publication. ISBN: 978-0-8330-9239-7 Published by the RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, Calif. © Copyright 2015 RAND Corporation R® is a registered trademark. Cover image: Syrian children in a school in Jordan (Shelly Culbertson). Limited Print and Electronic Distribution Rights This document and trademark(s) contained herein are protected by law. This representation of RAND intellectual property is provided for noncommercial use only. Unauthorized posting of this publication online is prohibited. Permission is given to duplicate this document for personal use only, as long as it is unaltered and complete. Permission is required from RAND to reproduce, or reuse in another form, any of its research documents for commercial use. For information on reprint and linking permissions, please visit www.rand.org/pubs/permissions.html. The RAND Corporation is a research organization that develops solutions to public policy challenges to help make communities throughout the world safer and more secure, healthier and more prosperous. RAND is nonprofit, nonpartisan, and committed to the public interest. RAND’s publications do not necessarily reflect the opinions of its research clients and sponsors. Support RAND Make a tax-deductible charitable contribution at www.rand.org/giving/contribute www.rand.org Preface The Syrian civil war has displaced half of Syria’s population, with civilians fleeing internally or to other countries.
    [Show full text]