DOCSLIB.ORG

Birds at the Albany Shoreline ALBANY NECK and BULB BIRD SURVEY

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Birds at the Albany Shoreline ALBANY NECK and BULB BIRD SURVEY Birds at the Albany Shoreline ALBANY NECK AND BULB BIRD SURVEY BY CITIZENS FOR EAST SHORE PARKS AND GOLDEN GATE AUDUBON SOCIETY FUNDED BY A GRANT FROM THE CALIFORNIA STATE PARKS FOUNDATION CONDUCTED JULY 2015 D JUNE 2016 The Albany Neck and Bulb jut a mile out into San Francisco Bay from the City of Albany’s spectacular waterfront park. Starting as a landfill in 1963, the Bulb became the first parcel marked for inclusion into a shoreline state park, ultimately McLaughlin Eastshore State Park. Now, the Bulb is designated as a conservation area because of its unique location and abundant vegetation, which provides habitat for a rich diversity of wildlife. The City of Albany and the East Bay Regional Park District are working together to complete the development of the Neck and Bulb as a magnificent park. Albany Neck and Bulb Bird Survey Map South Facing Slope (SFS) of the Neck and Bulb – surveyed 1 from the Shoreline Trail. Every survey started here because it heats up earlier in the morning, stimulating early bird activity. This area was not accessible July – November 2015 due to construction activity. Until the trail opened to the public, the birding teams surveyed the SFS area by looking south (down) from the top of the Neck and listening for bird calls. Top of the Bulb (TOB) – surveyed from the circular trail at 2 the top of the Bulb, plus its several side trails that lead to viewpoints of adjacent portions of the Bulb. North Side of the Bulb (NSOB, not including TOB) – 3 surveyed from the trail that heads north from the TOB down to the shoreline; then east (as far as feasibly possible) along the SFS north shoreline of the Bulb. Top of the Neck (TON) – surveyed by walking east from 4 the east edge of the Bulb to the east end of the Neck. TOB Surveyors identified a lone eucalyptus tree as the boundary line between the east end of the neck and the west end of Albany Plateau. NSOB 2 Bulb 1 3 4 TON Great News! Burrowing Neck Owl sighted on the Albany Plateau conservation area. Albany This bird is threatened with Fleming Beach extinction. North Point Plateau Clockwise from left: Merlin, California towhee nest, Snowy egret, Say’s phoebe, Northern mockingbird About the Bird Survey The Bulb exemplifies the resilience and power of The bird survey was conducted two times each month from July nature as it has evolved from a landfill into today’s 2015 to June 2016. The area vital habitat for an abundance of wildlife. studied consists of the entire Neck and Bulb, the airspace above, and the exposed mudflats adjacent to geographic location that provides Bulb for rest, food, and shelter. the Neck and Bulb. natural beauty and wilderness Here are some examples: adjacent to a dense urban area. As • The House finch is a consistent Each survey began between part of the Pacific Flyway, the Bulb sunrise and one hour after sunrise. Bulb resident. The partially serves as an important refuge for coral-colored males and buffy Every bird team identified the migrating, resident, and wintering number of land birds and the females gather in large social birds. Both non-native and native and vocal flocks. species by sight and sound in each vegetation play a role in furnishing survey area. Water birds and shore habitat upon which the diverse bird • The White-crowned sparrow birds were not tallied unless communities depend. The Bulb is a regular wintering bird that observed on the immediate exemplifies the resilience and depends on the Bulb for shoreline. The survey: power of nature as it has evolved abundant food and shelter, such • Determined which bird from a landfill into today’s vital as seeds and Coyote bush. species are present and how habitat for an abundance of wildlife. • The Say’s phoebe is a popular their abundance varies over a migrant that reliably visits the calendar year. Designated in the Eastshore State Neck. Park General Plan as an upland and • Identified the habitats these • Townsend’s warblers are winter tideland conservation area, the birds use. visitors that depend on the Bulb Albany Bulb also contains wetland as a welcome waypoint between • Increased our understanding of habitats and coastal salt marsh their breeding site as far north as what kinds of feasible habitat vegetation. improvements would likely Alaska and their wintering grounds as far south as Panama. support greater diversity and A Variety of Uses Means abundance of native birds. a Variety of Birds • White-tailed kites depend Approximately ninety bird species on the Bulb as an ideal location A Living Environment were observed at the Neck and where they can rest and survey The Albany Bulb has specific Bulb over the 12-month survey their hunting and nesting attributes that differentiate it period. Birds heavily use this area territories. from other East Bay shoreline across the seasons for breeding, as • The Golden-crowned sparrow lands. A 33-acre area, it features a migration rest stop, for year- is a voracious berry gulper and varied topography, biodiverse round residence, and for wintering. spends winters at the Albany ruderal vegetation, and a Birds depend on the Neck and Bulb. Clockwise from left: Anna’s hummingbird, Townsend’s warbler, Bird survey team member Emilie Strauss, Golden-crowned sparrow Explore All Species Observed community that thrives at the Bulb. at the Neck and Bulb • Minimize construction to create A full list of the species observed, low-impact paths and protect the including the Northern undergrowth and grasses on Mockingbird, a polyglot that which many ground-dwelling perfectly mimics sounds from species depend. motorbikes to ringtones, is online • Ensure that important habitat is at www.eastshorepark.org. Images undisturbed and that the and additional details about the vegetative features that sustain bird survey are also available. the Bulb and Neck’s biodiversity are enhanced. Climate change threatens species Autumn Press, Sally Douglas Arce. including the Townsend’s warbler, • Cultivate and protect the The Bird Survey Team operated White-tailed kite, and Forster’s tern outstanding attributes of the under the guidance of Golden Gate among others found at the Bulb natural beauty of the wild Bulb Audubon Society East Bay and Neck. Read more on the and Neck biological community. Conservation Committee; from left Audubon CA site at bit.ly/1Q6Lore. to right: Steve Granholm, Ellen Special Thanks Barth, Pam Young, Erica Rutherford, A Place for Discovery Contributors: Robert Cheasty, John Colbert, and Emilie Strauss The Albany Neck and Bulb bird Shirley Dean, Patricia Jones, Peter (top right photo). survey documents the tremendous Rauch, Cameron Wilson, Roberta Photographers: Pam Young, birds; diversity of bird species in this Wyn, Pam Young. Robert Lewis, birds; Gregory Pfau, relatively small area along the Print and Design: Conifer Creative, nest; Cameron Wilson, team photo. San Francisco Bay. As the Bulb transitions into the state park, it must remain a refuge that Golden Gate Audubon Society improves and supports this vast www.goldengateaudubon.org wildlife community. Goals: Golden Gate Audubon Society engages people to experience the • Invite park visitors to discover the wonder of birds, translate that wonder into action, and protect native remarkable resilience of the wild bird populations and their habitats. Citizens for East Shore Parks (CESP) www.eastshorepark.org The mission of CESP is to create a necklace of shoreline parks from the Oakland Estuary to the Carquinez Strait. Cover photos from top to bottom: California towhee, Red-tailed hawk, White-tailed kite, Osprey.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Meeting #4 June 19, 2018 San Francisco Estuary Institute (SFEI) 4911 Central Ave, Richmond, CA 94804
    Adapting to Rising Tides Bay Area Regional Working Group: Meeting #4 June 19, 2018 San Francisco Estuary Institute (SFEI) 4911 Central Ave, Richmond, CA 94804 **PowerPoint available online at www.adaptingtorisingtides.org/projects/art-bay-area Welcome and Introduction: Carey Batha • ART Bay Area project recap, project progress to-date, rationale for organizing vulnerability assessments by Operational Landscape Units (OLUs) o Question: What are the gray areas on the OLU map? Carey: These are the OLUs we are not assessing. We are assessing ART Bay Area assets within 13 OLUs (out of 30). You can find a map of these 13 OLUs here and on the final page of these notes. However, we are also addressing certain long linear assets, such as transportation and the bay trail, throughout the region. Presentation on SFEI Operational Landscape Units (OLUs): Julie Beagle • Introduction to OLU development, scientific grounding, and intended uses o Question: What’s a polder? § Answer (Jeremy Lowe, SFEI): A polder is an area of pressurized land below normal tidal level. For example, an island is above tide line. A polder is land that sits lower than the tide line and therefore very vulnerable to flooding. o Question (from online group): Do OLU boundaries consider rivers or drainage divides? § Answer (SFEI): Yes, OLUs are the expression of watersheds at the Baylands. One of the principles for the delineation was to avoid splitting watersheds or tidal sheds. Each OLU represents the receiving end of one or more watersheds. While the OLU itself must be a manageable size (i.e. the Alameda Creek OLU can’t go all the way to Livermore), the analyses included the watershed inputs of water and sediment.
    [Show full text]
  • Albany Beach
    1 San Francisco Bay Area Water Trail Site Description for Albany Beach Location, Ownership, and Management: Albany Beach is located on the Albany shoreline in northwestern Alameda County in the city limits of Albany. The beach is located at the base of the Albany Peninsula, with the Golden Gate Fields racetrack to the east, Buchanan Street and the Albany Mudflats Ecological Reserve/State Marine Park (SMP) to the north, and San Francisco Bay and City of Albany lands to the west. Albany Beach is part of McLaughlin Eastshore State Park and is managed by the East Bay Regional Park District. Contact Name: Takei, Kevin Contact Phone: (510) 544-2321 Contact E-mail: [email protected] Southern beach entrance Albany Beach Northern beach entrance Facility Description: Albany Beach is a launch and destination for paddlers and boardsailors, providing a convenient launching point for exploration of the Eastshore State Park shoreline to the north and south. The beach does not have a ramp, boarding pier, or floating dock, but the beach is suitable for lighter watercraft, such as kayaks, canoes, and stand up paddleboards. Boaters may want to bring "boat wheels" (small boat dolly) to help get their boats and boards from the parking lot to the beach, because some of the parking is quite a distance from the beach. Boardsailing is concentrated in the southern portion of the beach and boardsailors will often use the existing Golden Gate Fields dirt parking area for equipment rigging. The East Bay Regional Parks District and City of Albany provide a variety of shoreside facilities, including an ADA portable restroom, trails, bike racks, and parking.
    [Show full text]
  • City of Albany Homeless Task Force Thursday, December 20, 2012 – 7:00 Pm Albany Senior Center, 846 Masonic Avenue – South Room
    City of Albany Homeless Task Force Thursday, December 20, 2012 – 7:00 pm Albany Senior Center, 846 Masonic Avenue – South Room Meeting Outline ITEMS TIME 1. Adoption of November 15, 2012 Meeting Notes 7:00 – 7:05 PM 2. Guest Speakers: Police Chief Mike McQuiston and Sgt. Chris Willis 7:05 – 7:50 PM 3. Staff Update: EveryOne Home; funding sources; low income housing inventory; 7:50 – 8:05 PM McLaughlin Eastshore State Park Plan (Bulb portion); Dignity Village Evaluation Report 4. Report on framing January City Council report – Members Pipkin, Kleinbub and 8:05 – 8:15 PM Winkelstein 5. Discussion on expanding options to Council 8:15 – 8:35 PM 6. Report on MHSA Advisory Committee – Member Thrush 8:35 – 8:45 PM 7. Research on programs that serve the homeless 8:45 - 8:55 PM 8. Items for the next Agenda: City of Berkeley Public Commons for Everyone 8:55 – 9:00 PM Initiative 9. Adjournment 9:00 PM Attachments: a) November Meeting Notes b) Categories – Ending Brainstorming list c) Urban County 2012 Action Plan d) Inventory of subsidized-rental Housing e) McLaughlin Eastshore State Park Plan (Bulb portion) f) Dignity Village Evaluation Report Next meeting: January 17, 2013 at 7:00 PM City of Albany Homeless Task Force Thursday, November 15, 2012 – 7:00 pm Albany Senior Center, 846 Masonic Avenue – South Room Meeting Notes Members present: Ruth Cashmere, Barbara Chambers, Andrew Franklin, Brian Johns, Lisa Kleinbub, Gordon McCarter, Paul O’Curry, Sharon Pipkin and Julie Ann Winkelstein Staff present: Ann Chaney and Isabelle Leduc 1. Adoption of October 18, 2012 Meeting Notes Motion: Motion was made by Member Winkelstein and seconded by Member O’Curry to accept the October 18, 2012 minutes.
    [Show full text]
  • Board Meeting Packet
    REVISED July 20, 2021 BOARD OF DIRECTORS Board Meeting Packet SPECIAL NOTICE REGARDING PUBLIC PARTICIPATION AT THE EAST BAY REGIONAL PARK DISTRICT BOARD OF DIRECTORS MEETING SCHEDULED FOR TUESDAY, JULY 20, 2021 at 1:00 pm Pursuant to Governor Newsom’s Executive Order No. N-29-20 and the Alameda County Health Officer’s Shelter in Place Orders, the East Bay Regional Park District Headquarters will not be open to the public and the Board of Directors and staff will be participating in the Board meetings via phone/video conferencing. Members of the public can listen and view the meeting in the following way: Via the Park District’s live video stream which can be found at https://youtu.be/e87Tch3yvBk Public comments may be submitted one of three ways: 1. Via email to Yolande Barial Knight, Clerk of the Board, at [email protected]. Email must contain in the subject line public comments – not on the agenda or public comments – agenda item #. It is preferred that these written comments be submitted by Monday, July 19, 2021 at 3:00 pm. 2. Via voicemail at (510) 544-2016. The caller must start the message by stating public comments – not on the agenda or public comments – agenda item # followed by their name and place of residence, followed by their comments. It is preferred that these voicemail comments be submitted by Monday, July 19, 2021 at 3:00 pm. 3. Live via zoom. If you would like to make a live public comment during the meeting this option is available through the virtual meeting platform: *Note: this virtual meeting platform link will let you into the https://zoom.us/j/98698918978 virtual meeting for the purpose of providing a public comment.
    [Show full text]
  • Albany Bulb – Safety Hazard Removal City of Albany May 2008
    Albany Bulb – Safety Hazard Removal City of Albany May 2008 Description: This project will create a safer environment, and increase the usable area of The Bulb through the removal of exposed concrete and rebar that are remnants of this former landfill, and through the removal of noxious weeds, planting of native species, and habitat restoration. The Bulb is a semi-wild area, reserved for hiking, enjoying views, observing birds and animals, and providing opportunities for solitude. It was created early in the 1960’s and filled until 1983. Landfilled material consisted primarily of construction debris and landscape wastes. Municipal wastes and industrial wastes were not allowed. The Albany Bulb is included in the Eastshore State Park Plan, which was adopted in 2002, however the land is still owned by the City of Albany. The ESP Plan designates the Bulb as “Conservation” and contains policies to protect and enhance upland habitat for wildlife. Policies in the ESP Plan that relate to the removal of safety hazards at the Bulb are as follows: A-13 and A-15 Develop and implement a program for the removal of safety hazards associated with construction debris on the surface of the Neck and Bulb (e.g., unstable rubble piles, unsafe structures and protruding rebar). The clean- up program should be designed to minimize disturbance to upland wildlife habitat. Approaches that involve mass grading and wholesale removal of vegetation are not appropriate…Break up large concrete and construction debris to improve appearance, reduce safety hazards, etc. Cost: It is estimated the project would be $250,000 ($8,000/day over 30 working days).
    [Show full text]
  • Final Climate Action and Adaptation Plan
    11-1 CITY OF ALBANY CITY COUNCIL AGENDA STAFF REPORT Agenda Date: December 2, 2019 Reviewed by: NA SUBJECT: Final Climate Action and Adaptation Plan REPORT BY: Elizabeth Carrade, Sustainability Coordinator Claire Griffing, Sustainability & Resilience Manager Jeff Bond, Community Development Director SUMMARY This agenda item introduces the final Climate Action and Adaptation Plan, which prioritizes actions that support low-carbon transportation choices, reduce the use of natural gas in the built environment, discourage carbon-intensive consumption habits, and promote climate adaptation and resilience in order to reach the City of Albany’s long-term climate action goals. STAFF RECOMMENDATION That the City Council adopt Resolution 2019-XX adopting the Climate Action and Adaptation Plan and authorizing staff to begin implementation. CLIMATE ACTION COMMITTEE RECOMMENDATION That the City Council adopt the Climate Action and Adaptation Plan under the condition that the interim target is changed from 60% reductions by 2035 to 70% reductions by 2030. BACKGROUND Through the Albany City Council’s Strategic Vision, the City is committed to fostering a healthy and sustainable urban village by advancing actions that promote climate stability. In 2007, the Council formed a Sustainability Committee (now Climate Action Committee) to advise on greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction strategies. In 2010, the Council adopted a Climate Action Plan (CAP), which outlined a course of action for the City to reduce emissions 25% by 2020. Strategies focused on six sectors: building energy strategies, transportation and land use, waste reduction, green infrastructure, water conservation, and food and agriculture. Through energy and water use improvements, waste reduction efforts, a focus on active transportation, and a new carbon-free default electricity supply from EBCE, the City has successfully decreased communitywide emissions by 33%—exceeding the 2020 goal.
    [Show full text]
  • Albany Climate Change Chapter
    February 14, 2017 Albany Climate Change Chapter Contents Executive Summary ....................................................................................................................................... 3 Climate change will affect Albany, California ........................................................................................... 3 Adaptation can help Albany protect its communities and assets in the face of changing climate conditions.................................................................................................................................................. 4 1. Introduction .......................................................................................................................................... 5 Climate change will affect Albany, California ........................................................................................... 7 2. Climate Hazards Analysis ...................................................................................................................... 8 Inland Flooding ......................................................................................................................................... 9 Climate change may increase flood risks in Albany .............................................................................. 9 Albany will potentially face more frequent, severe floods ................................................................... 9 Few citywide assets are exposed to flood risk ...................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • CESP History.Pdf
    Author’s Note and Acknowledgments When the planners for the new Eastshore State Park proposed that a history of the campaign to create the Eastshore State Park be written, I leapt at the opportunity to do this. As a participant, I realized that any history I wrote would be colored by my own recollections and involvement. Nevertheless, I felt that it was important for others to have some sense of what it was like to be actively involved in a citizens’ movement to create a major public park for the entire Bay area. I also believed it was important and necessary to preserve the memory of many of those who are still involved and to record for posterity the deeds of those who are no longer with us to share their memories. I also wanted to make people aware of the connection between the campaign to create the Eastshore State Park and the Save the Bay campaign, one of most important citizen movements and environmental campaigns in all of the San Francisco Bay area since the end of World War II. This is a history from the point of view of activists in that park campaign. I use the term “park advocates” as a short hand for them. It is not intended to be a definitive history of this campaign. To do that would require much more time and support than I had. It would also require access to the Santa Fe Railroad’s archives, which I suspect would not be opened up to me or to anyone else, for that matter.
    [Show full text]
  • Winter/Spring 2018
    City of Albany recreation & community services Winter/Spring 2018 © richellgen/iStockphoto.com community-building albany-style Danger: broken ice! So you’ve lived on your block quite a while—years, perhaps—and you still don’t know the name of the neighbor across the street? Ending the awkward- ness is a good first step in building community on your block. After all, com- munity starts at home! We dare you: ring the doorbell and introduce yourself. Sounds simple, but it can be intimidating to break the ice—especially if you have nodded hello to a perfect stranger for years. Just do it—you will both feel better. Another ice-breaker: Become a member of your Nextdoor neighborhood (see page 63). Nextdoor is a great way to meet your neighbors and to stay in- formed of neighborhood issues and events, find a lost cat or the best painter in town, or call the nice man down the street by his first name. For more information: how might albany create a stronger, safer, more vibrant community where democracy works at a local level? www.albanyca.org/community Getting to know one’s neighbors is a start. When neighbors interact— whether through block parties, home-garden produce sharing, or book club meetings—connections are formed between people and trust is built. Such social capital can lead to a stronger, safer community, a community where its members have a greater sense of belonging. contents time to bundle-up for spring Winter is the perfect time to be thinking of spring, and—believe it or not—it’s already time to be thinking about summer if you have offspring in Albany .
    [Show full text]
  • New Technique for Identifying Plankton by Color
    ESTUARY SCIENCE • RESTORATION • WATERSHED • POLITICS SPECIES BAY • WATERSHED SCIENCE • RESTORATION San Francisco Estuary Partnership Mokelumne’s Pitch for Wild River Flatlines Dry Times for Valley Refuges New Technique for Identifying Plankton by Color PCB Levels in Small Fish Surprise Scientists Alameda Creek Crawls Toward Fish-Friendly Future Delta Council Finetunes Habitat Protocols NE WS SEPTEMBER 2014 VOL. 23, NO. 3 Plankton Pigments ...... 3 Lavender Invader ....... 4 New Water Atlas ........ 4 Alameda Creek ......... 5 PCBs & Small Fish ...... 6 Valley Refuges .......... 8 Delta Habitats .......... 9 Suspense for Mokelumne 10 Pelican Movie .........11 2 SEPTEMBER 2014 3 ESTUARY NEWS SCIENCE NEW INTERACTIVE MAP Around the Bay DEBUTS FOR FLOODZONE Our Coast, Our Revealing BIRDS CROWD ROCK VISITORS Future (OCOF), & VICE VERSA — Managing a collabora- Alcatraz — once a federal prison, now tive project with Plankton Pigments part of the National Park system—is a many partners delicate balancing act. As an historic site, designed to help Keeping tabs on San Francisco Bay’s fucoxanthin (brown), its cultural resources come first. But planners and land wildlife involves counting plants. That while dinoflagellates the return of colonial seabirds since the use managers means tracking the relative numbers have a lock on peridinin prison closure adds another mandate. prepare for rising and types of the microscopic floating (brown-gold), and cya- Alcatraz hosts San Francisco Bay’s larg- sea levels and plants that feed the Bay. Known as nobacteria alone make est breeding colony of western gulls; its changes in storm phytoplankton, their number includes zeaxanthin (orange). only colonies of Brandt’s cormorants, pe- patterns, has just diatoms, dinoflagellates, cyanobacte- lagic cormorants, and pigeon guillemots; added San Fran- ria, and chromophytes, to name a few.
    [Show full text]
  • A Walk in the Eastshore State Park Meetings
    . 2371 EUNICE STREET, BERKELEY, CA 94708 Dedicated to the preservation and restoration of public paths, steps and walkways in Berkeley for the use and enjoyment of all. Berkeley’s Berkeley Path Wanderers Association is a grassroots volunteer group of community members who have come together to increase public awareness of the City of Berkeley’s pathways. BPWA hopes to accomplish this goal through volunteer-led path walks; identification and accurate mapping of A Newsletter of the Berkeley Path Wanderers Association, Fall 1999 Vol. 2 No. 4 Berkeley’s complete path network; and eventual restoration of paths that have been ATHS blocked or obscured. We hope the final P outcome of the community effort will be the A Walk in the Eastshore State Park preservation and on-going maintenance of all The Bayshore Trail the paths, lanes and steps throughout Berkeley. now extends from the Richmond Marina to Point Isabel. The seg- ment from Point Isabel Meetings south to the Albany Bulb 7-9 pm Live Oak Park Recreation Center is nearing completion. Nov. 18 General Meeting Walking south from Flat Land paths the Albany Bulb, along possible speakers: Susan the privately owned Schwartz & Zasa Swanson waterfront of Golden Gate Fields, you can Jan. 20 Board Meeting enter the new Eastshore Feb. 17 General Meeting State Park south of Gilman. There is Pedestrian Transportations wonderful exploring in the undevel- near a remnant of the marsh at the con- by Christy Camp oped park from Seabreeze Market at fluence of Middle and Cerrito Creeks. University Avenue and Frontage Road, Firm land lay behind the sandy cres- Mar.
    [Show full text]
  • Landscape Phenomena at the Albany Bulb Wasteland Karl Kullmann
    The Garden of Entangled Paths: Landscape Phenomena at the Albany Bulb Wasteland karl kullmann Over four decades, the Albany Bulb in the San Francisco Bay Area, California, Karl Kullmann is Associate Professor, United States of America metamorphosed from a dumpsite to a thicket harbouring College of Environmental Design, a clandestine community. Since the forced decampment of this spontaneous University of California, Berkeley, society, the site has endured as a living ruin that continues to inspire the explorative California, USA. impulses of visitors. While residual structures and decaying scrap-sculptures Email: [email protected] represent the tangible face of the site and its heterotopic past, more nuanced underlying landscape phenomena ground this cultural legacy. In exploring these phenomena, this paper offers a counterpoint to the tendency to engage with wastelands programmatically and pictorially while overlooking the influence of the corporeal landscape. The emergent nature of these phenomena suggests that the KEY WORDS agency of design might circumvent typically fraught interactions with undesigned waste-scapes by assuming characteristics of the gardener. Disorientation Thicket ver several decades, urban wastelands arose as a topic of substantial interest Topography Oto the spatial design fields. This focus is partially a consequence of increased Paths supply, as globalised manufacturing led to the proliferation of de-industrialised and de-urbanised sites in developed economies. From an environmental viewpoint, the ‘closure’ of the global map (Bann, 1983) and shifting perceptions of nature attributed wildness value to sites formerly disregarded as badlands (Rink and Herbst, 2012). The appeal of wastelands also reflects the recognition that many of the sanctioned public realms in suburbanised cities make inadequate contributions to city life (Sennett, 1993, 1996).
    [Show full text]