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State of Art in Robotics and Embedded Systems: Bangladesh Perspective

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State of Art in Robotics and Embedded Systems: Bangladesh Perspective Journal of Automation and Control Engineering Vol. 4, No. 1, February 2016 State of Art in Robotics and Embedded Systems: Bangladesh Perspective Md. Khalilur Rhaman, Sabbir Ahmed Khan, and Shifur Rahman Shakil BRAC University, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, 66 Mohakhali, Dhaka-1212, Bangladesh Email: {khalilur, khan.sabbir, shifur.rahman}@bracu.ac.bd Abstract—The Embedded Systems are everywhere and the progress, problems and prospects of robotics and everyone is very curious about robots and their autonomous embedded system in our country. Our research includes activities. These two topics are very integrated with each deep analysis about the robotics and embedded research other. This discussion focuses on robotics: their evolution, developing in Bangladesh, problems that are facing to applications, recent development and their future. The meet with commercial demand as well as international reconciliation day is coming where very high performance robot will work and communicate with human with the help standard and finally the necessity of R&D sectors to cope of their sensory and human-machine interaction capacity. up future industrial collaboration in order to reduce our This article surveys the current state of art in robotics and emerging unemployment ratio. After discussing the embedded systems. Some innovative researches are whole scenario this research also concludes some identified in robotics and embedded systems with their important applications of robotics and embedded system architecture, communication, motor action, sensors and from our country’s perspective which is very crucial for intelligent control system. Considering the latest trend and engineers to find their future goal. Finally, we believe this innovations in the world we will highlight the importance research is going to be a ground breaking initiative to and uses of robotic applications in developing countries like bring revolution for our engineers (especially computer Bangladesh. Since these researches are highly integrated with natural science, engineering application and also with and electrical engineers) to decline traditional job mindset renewable energy, we conclude our survey by identifying and fetch R&D sectors in corporate with industrial several additional open research issues in Robotics and development. embedded systems. II. EVALUATION OF AGRICULTURAL ROBOTS Index Terms—autonomous, rescue robots, Agrobots Nowadays robotics and automation systems extensively applied agricultural sector. Several I. INTRODUCTION motivations are behind the investment to incorporate robotics in agricultural sectors like decreasing labor Engineers and researchers of developing countries like forces, saving time and cope up with the high product Bangladesh are working hard to pull up their countries demand. Apart from those, increasing food quality, living standard. Technical innovation can be seen production security and finally reducing end product cost everywhere including self-educated technicians to highly are also vital parameters for automation revolution in educated academic researchers. Unfortunately, those agriculture. Moreover, farmers are getting exemption researches and innovations are hardy effecting on our from extensive physical effort. In fact, those social and humanitarian developments due to the lack of phenomenons are especially considerable and important opportunity and ability of commercialization. Hence, for developing countries like Bangladesh. Mostly used many of our vital projects are not converting to the agricultural robots in developing countries are: mowing industrial products and they are not using for the socio- grass, spraying pesticides and monitoring crops. This economic development. research represents a review on some common robotic From nano chip to satellite operation, from industrial technology that is used in agriculture sector of work to our daily use, all the way we are integrated with Bangladesh and also other developing countries. the embedded system. In fact, nowadays most of the From several decades researches has been performed industries and corporate offices of our country are to develop robots for using in agriculture sector. Cherry, looking for smart systems for automation where budget tomatoes, cucumbers, mushrooms, and other fruits are and funding is not a big issue for them. But only because harvesting using different types of robots in different of poor R&D, we are lagging behind to cope up with countries [1]. Moreover, in horticulture, robots have been demand. We believe, this is the high time for electrical introduced to harvest citrus and apples. In dairy farming, and computer engineers to target this embedded and milking robots are currently commonplace in the robotic system market for self-employment. In this Netherlands [2] whereas Bangladesh and other research, our team has put an extreme effort to investigate developing countries are still following conventional procedure. Example of Advance automated engineering is Manuscript received October 20, 2014; revised December 18, 2014. Japanese ‘‘plant factory,’’ where vegetables are grown ©2016 Journal of Automation and Control Engineering 59 doi: 10.12720/joace.4.1.59-64 Journal of Automation and Control Engineering Vol. 4, No. 1, February 2016 hydroponically under artificial lighting [3]. Nowadays, and weighing, and the produce is free of any blemish, Bangladesh, India, China, Thailand, Japan and others disease, or insect damage. The automation level in plant agricultural based countries are using rice cutter and other factories is so high that over time. They may become crop cutter machine in order to manage their cultivations. completely autonomous production facilities. Considering Computers and robots are used to control the process Agriculture aspect we have divided the scopes of robotics from out planting seedlings, to root cutting, packaging, according to the Fig. 1. Figure 1. Various sections of implementation of robotic system in agricultural sector Several advance robotic system has already been picking that currently employs thousands of migrant developed in order to fulfill the demand of agricultural workers each season [6]. By developing this technology sectors. In fact, those robots are making agricultural Bangladesh can be benefited in summer season when lots sectors more productive. Here we are going to give some of labor and cost are invested order to collect the fruits. examples of advance robots which can be incorporated in ‘HortiBot’ robots are used in the hilly areas where our agricultural sectors: The cost of UAVs has fallen cultivation is too much complicated and expensive [7]. rapidly due to the rapid growth of technology. Private This kind of robots can be used in hilly areas in corporations and universities all over the world are Bangladesh such as Chittagong where lots of crops are working on various types of UAVs to perform tasks harvesting in mountain. High-tech tools for weeding that which were previously done with enormous expense. The at a later stage can be implemented are tools like laser, ‘Yamaha RMAX Helicopter’ is one of the most micro spraying and mechanical devices. innovative and commercially available UAV in the world University graduates are conducting researches to right now [4]. This robot can be used to precision in develop agrobots. A class of undergraduates at the pesticide and fertilizer delivery purpose. In addition, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) has created ‘Casmobot’, an advance robot was developed by the a set of robots that can water, harvest and pollinate cherry tomato plants. Carnegie Mellon University’s Field University of Southern Denmark (during 2007-2009) as Robotics Center is testing an automated utility cart part of Plant Nurturing Robotics. In fact, ‘Casmobot’ is a equipped with laser range- finders to find its way through contraction for Computer Assisted Slope Mowing Robot a Pennsylvania apple orchard, towing sensors that track [5]. In recent years many universities in Bangladesh tried the progress of the crop. to concentrate about developing UAV resulting numbers BRAC University Robotics Research lab has of UAV project in national and international seminar and developed Smart Irrigation and Soil Component Test conference. From, early 1980 researchers were working which is shown in Fig. 2. The aim of the projects is to on developing the principle of fruit picking robots. In fact, make an embedded system which will provide all the these principles have disclosed the door of new necessary information needed for the production of approaches to the harvesting of crops. However, to various crops in an efficient way making the whole develop the fruit picking robotics technology in a notable process automatic, cost effective, eco-friendly and level, contributions from high-tech industry, agricultural attaining all other environmental concern. It will also provide the amount of soil nutrients and following to that commodity groups and farm equipment manufacturers measurement, an apps database will help to find out the must be hunted. Vision Robotics, a San Diego company, amount of fertilizer to be used in particular field. A soil is working on a pair of robots that would trundle through moisture sensor with low-cost was modeled, simulated orchards plucking oranges, apples or other fruit from the and tested for achieving accurate and reliable trees. In a few years, troops of these machines could measurements. A high-performance pH probe is perform the tedious
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