Adopted Version

Dartmoor National Park Authority Local Development Framework Core Strategy Development Plan Document 2006 - 2026

June 2008 National Park Authority Local Development Framework Core Strategy Development Plan Document 2006 -2026 Adopted Version June 2008 Contents

Part 1 Introduction ...... 2 Background ...... 2 Contents What is a Core Strategy?...... 3 The characteristics of spatial planning...... 4 How the Core Strategy was prepared ...... 5

Part 2 Sustainable development and National Park purposes ...... 8 Sustainable development ...... 8 National Park purposes and sustainable development...... 9 The National Park’s special qualities...... 9 Sustainability Appraisal and Strategic Environmental Assessment ...... 10 Sustainability Objectives ...... 11 Community Strategies ...... 12 Community Strategy Themes ...... 12 Core Strategy sustainable development policy ...... 13 Policy COR1 ...... 13

Part 3 A spatial vision for Dartmoor National Park and core strategic aims ...... 16 Introduction ...... 16 A spatial portrait of Dartmoor National Park ...... 16 Issues, problems and challenges for the Core Strategy ...... 18 A spatial vision for Dartmoor National Park ...... 19 The vision for the National Park’s larger settlements...... 20 Core Strategic Aims ...... 22

Part 4 Settlement pattern in Dartmoor National Park...... 26 Settlement strategy - background ...... 26 National strategy ...... 26 Regional strategy ...... 27 The strategy for Dartmoor ...... 27 Policy COR2 ...... 29

Part 5 Key spatial development themes in Dartmoor National Park ...... 32 5.1 Introduction ...... 32 Environment and heritage 5.2 National Park landscape...... 33 Policy COR3 ...... 35 5.3 Dartmoor’s built environment ...... 36 Design and sustainable development ...... 36 Policy COR4 ...... 37 The historic built environment ...... 37 Policy COR5 ...... 38 5.4 Archaeology ...... 39 Policy COR6 ...... 39 5.5 Biodiversity and geological conservation ...... 40 Policy COR7 ...... 41 Dartmoor National Park Authority Local Development Framework: Core Strategy Development Plan Document 2006 - 2026 Adopted Version June 2008 5.6 Climate change ...... 42 Energy efficiency and sustainable buildings...... 42 Policy COR8 ...... 43 Flooding - protection and prevention ...... 43

Policy COR9 ...... 44 Contents Renewable energy ...... 44 Policy COR10 ...... 44 5.7 Tranquillity ...... 45 Dartmoor National Park’s special qualities ...... 45 Policy COR11 ...... 45 Social well-being 5.8 Sustainable communities ...... 46 Infrastructure, community facilities and public services ...... 47 Policy COR12 ...... 47 Accessibility and design ...... 47 Policy COR13 ...... 48 Infrastructure for new development ...... 48 Policy COR14 ...... 48 5.9 Affordable housing for local needs ...... 49 Population and age structure ...... 49 Residential development ...... 50 Meeting housing need ...... 52 Housing affordability and accessibility ...... 52 Location and type of housing provision ...... 53 Policy COR15 ...... 55 5.10 Social inclusion ...... 56 Policy COR16 ...... 57 5.11 Health and well-being ...... 58 Policy COR17 ...... 59 Economy & transport 5.12 Sustainable economic growth including tourism...... 60 Policy COR18 ...... 61 Tourism ...... 62 Policy COR19 ...... 62 Agricultural diversification...... 62 Policy COR20 ...... 62 5.13 Transport ...... 63 Development and the highway network ...... 63 Dartmoor National Park Traffic Management Strategy ...... 63 The strategic road network ...... 63 Local highway network ...... 64 Managing transport demand ...... 64 Alternatives to private transport...... 64 Policy COR21 ...... 65

(cont) Dartmoor National Park Authority Local Development Framework: Core Strategy Development Plan Document 2006 - 2026 Adopted Version June 2008 Prudent use of resources 5.14 Minerals development ...... 66 Policy COR 22 ...... 67 5.15 Waste...... 68

Contents Policy COR23 ...... 68 5.16 Water resources ...... 69 Policy COR24 ...... 69

Part 6 Monitoring ...... 72 6.1 Monitoring for sustainable development...... 72 Table 6: Monitoring - objectives and indicators...... 73

Part 7 Key diagram ...... 89

Annex 1 Regulation 13(5) Statement ...... 76 Policies of the Dartmoor National Park Local Plan: First Review 1995-2011 to be superseded by policies of the Core Strategy DPD

Annex 2 Glossary of Terms ...... 83

Dartmoor National Park Authority Local Development Framework: Core Strategy Development Plan Document 2006 - 2026 Adopted Version June 2008 Part 1-Introduction Local Development Framework: CoreStrategyDevelopment PlanDocument 2006-2026Adopted Version Dartmoor National ParkAuthority June 2008 1 1 Part 1 Part 1 - Introduction Part 1

Background o Core Strategy o Generic Development Control 1.1 and Site Specific Policies The Planning and Compulsory Purchase o Minerals & Waste Development Policies Act 2004 introduced a new system for development plans in and 1.3 new procedures for their preparation. A Proposals Map will show the extent The old system, comprising regional of all those policies with specific planning guidance at regional level, geographic attributes. The Authority structure plans at county level and also intends to prepare a Supplementary local plans at local authority level, Planning Document (SPD) covering has been replaced. The new system Design Guidance. A Local Development comprises regional spatial strategies Scheme sets out all the LDDs and the (RSSs), produced by regional planning timetable for their preparation. bodies, and local development frameworks (LDFs) produced by 1.4 local planning authorities. A Statement of Community Involvement (SCI) is part of the portfolio of documents forming the LDF. The SCI 1.2 sets out how the National Park Local development frameworks Authority will involve the public in plan comprise a series of planning making and in development control. documents known as Local Development The LDF also includes an Annual Documents (LDDs). Some will be Monitoring Report, which charts Development Plan Documents (DPDs) progress on preparing the LDF and and along with the Regional Spatial shows whether planning policies are Strategy for the South West will effective in achieving their objectives. form the statutory development plan for Dartmoor National Park. 1.5 The development plan provides the In October 2004, the Structure essential framework for making Plan 2001-20161 (DSP) was adopted by decisions on proposals for development the four Structure Plan Authorities2. or change of use. It can also set out It sets out strategic policies for specific proposals for new development development within the County. needed within the National Park. The 2004 Act provides for the Structure The Dartmoor National Park Authority Plan’s policies and proposals to be intends to produce the following DPDs: ‘saved’ for three years. Dartmoor National Park Authority 2 Local Development Framework: Core Strategy Development Plan Document 2006 - 2026 Adopted Version June 2008 The Secretary of State has directed that sustainability in national, regional the Structure Plan policies will be saved and local guidance; for an extended period, until the RSS is o defines Key Sustainability Objectives approved in summer 2008, although and Spatial Planning Aims; Part 1 some policies may need to be saved o provides strategic policies to secure even beyond that time. the environmental, economic and social well-being of the local 1.6 communities in the National Park; The existing Dartmoor National Park o gives spatial expression to the Local Plan First Review 1995-2011 was issues emerging from the adopted in August 2004 and currently provides detailed local planning policies Community Strategies that cover for the National Park. Similarly, this Plan the National Park; o is ‘saved’ under the 2004 Act. Some of includes a Key Diagram showing the policies in the Local Plan have been among other things, strategic replaced by policies in the adopted settlement hierarchy and linkages Core Strategy, with the remaining and key transportation elements. policies replaced by those in the other The document is designed and development plan documents that the Authority intends to produce intended to be read as a whole. (see Annex 1). As with DSP policies, 1.9 the Secretary of State has directed that The Core Strategy must conform to the policies and proposals of the Local national planning policies and guidance, Plan be saved for an extended period. the Regional Planning Guidance for the South West (RPG10, Sep 2001) and the What is a Core Strategy? emerging Regional Spatial Strategy for the South West, and the saved polices 1.7 of the Devon Structure Plan 2001-2016. A core strategy is a development plan It must have regard to the Devon, document that establishes the broad Mid Devon, , Teignbridge aims for spatial development in a and West Devon Community Strategies. local authority area and defines the overarching policies needed to help 1.10 achieve those aims. The spatial The current Dartmoor National Park development aims cover the main land Local Plan was the principal starting point use sectors, such as housing, transport and for the production of this document. tourism along with newer themes such as Scoping work undertaken as part of tranquillity and social exclusion and are the Sustainability Appraisal/Strategic integrated in support of the principal aim Environmental Assessment3 (SA/SEA) of of planning – sustainable development. the Core Strategy looked at the existing Local Plan policies against a wide range 1.8 of sustainability and environmental The Dartmoor National Park Authority’s objectives. That process highlighted Core Strategy is a document setting out some policy areas that needed to be the overall vision and spatial strategy re-examined and also raised new issues for promoting sustainable development that needed to be focused on. in Dartmoor National Park over the 1 DCC (October 2004) Devon to 2016, period 2006 to 2026. It: Explanatory Memorandum and Written Statement o sets out a vision for a ‘Sustainable 2 The Structure Plan Authorities in Devon are Dartmoor National Park’, consistent Devon County Council, Dartmoor National with the statutory purposes and Park Authority, Plymouth City Council and Torbay Council. duty set out in the Environment Act 3 Paragraph 2.10 of this document gives 1995 and the core principles of more information on SA/SEA. Dartmoor National Park Authority Local Development Framework: Core Strategy Development Plan Document 2006 - 2026 Adopted Version 3 June 2008 commitment to delivery; The characteristics of o integrating - an integrated approach which informs, takes account of

Part 1 spatial planning and helps deliver other strategies 1.11 and policy; o The new development plans system is responsive - a flexible approach, designed to embrace a wider definition informed by monitoring, that can of land-use planning than in the past. respond to developments in wider The key characteristics of spatial policy, degree of progress with planning and the new system are: implementation, development o it is concerned with places, how pressures and changes on the they function and how they relate ground; and together; and how good design in o deliverable - focusing on the widest sense can be achieved implementation, setting out delivery o there is a focus on managing change mechanisms, including development to secure the best achievable quality control, and identifying how the plan of life for all in the community will be delivered with and through without squandering scarce resources other organisations with the powers or damaging the environment and resources to make a difference.’ o encouragement for the local planning authority and other The Core Strategy is one of the key agencies to work together and elements in helping to promote these coordinate their activities to achieve aspirations through the planning agreed objectives. framework for sustainable development in the Dartmoor National Park in the 1.12 period to 2026. The following definition is taken from an ODPM4 publication: 1.13 ‘Whilst there is no single definition The Government has set out its of spatial planning, it is possible to objectives for the planning system. 5 identify six principles in relation to Planning Policy Statement (PPS)1 says: local development frameworks. ‘Planning should facilitate and promote Spatial planning can instil an sustainable and inclusive patterns of approach to planmaking that is: urban and rural development by: o o visionary - setting out a clear, making suitable land available for distinctive and realistic vision of development in line with economic, how an area will develop and change; social and environmental objectives o wide-ranging - going beyond a to improve people’s quality of life; o narrow land-use focus to provide a contributing to sustainable economic mechanism for delivering sustainable development; o development objectives by protecting and enhancing the addressing social, environmental natural and historic environment, and economic issues and relating the quality and character of the them to the use of land; countryside, and existing communities; o o participative - based on strengthened ensuring high quality development mechanisms for community through good and inclusive design, involvement to consider the needs, and the efficient use of resources; and issues and aspirations of communities 4 ODPM (2004) Creating Local Development and stakeholders within an area, Frameworks - A Companion Guide to PPS12. to provide a basis for making HMSO [Para 2.3] 5 difficult choices and to build ODPM (2005) Planning Policy Statement (PPS) 1: Delivering Sustainable Development.

Dartmoor National Park Authority 4 Local Development Framework: Core Strategy Development Plan Document 2006 - 2026 Adopted Version June 2008 o ensuring that development supports The Submission Version is the National existing communities and contributes Park Authority’s formal version of the to the creation of safe, sustainable, Core Strategy. It was submitted to the

liveable and mixed communities with Secretary of State in June 2007. It was Part 1 good access to jobs and key services subsequently examined by an inspector for all members of the community.’ appointed by the Planning Inspectorate. Following the public examination, the inspector produced his report in How the Core Strategy February 2008, the conclusions of was prepared which are binding on the Authority.

1.14 The Core Strategy Issues and Options report was published for public consultation in October 2005. A wide-ranging consultation exercise was undertaken based on the approach set out in the Statement of Community Involvement. Fifty organisations and individuals responded to the consultation, and two hundred people attended village consultation days. A Sustainability Appraisal/Strategic Environmental Assessment Report (SA/SEA) was published at the same time.

1.15 The public feedback on the issues and options, the SA/SEA report and a range of other evidence were all considered in preparing the Preferred Options version of the Core Strategy. The Preferred Options document was published for public consultation in mid-September 2006. Over the course of the consultation period, local consultation events were held in 12 towns and villages around the National Park, which attracted in excess of 400 people. Eighty-eight organisations and individuals responded to the consultation round. A SEA/SA report on the preferred options document was also published.

1.16 After consideration of the consultation response and other evidence, including the recommendations of the SEA/SA report, the Authority endorsed the set of core policies and vision statement at its meeting held on 4 May 2007 as the basis for the Submission Version of the Core Strategy.

Dartmoor National Park Authority Local Development Framework: Core Strategy Development Plan Document 2006 - 2026 Adopted Version 5 June 2008 Dartmoor National Park Authority 6 Local Development Framework: Core Strategy Development Plan Document 2006 - 2026 Adopted Version June 2008 National Parkpurposes Part 2-Sustainabledevelopmentand 7 Part 2 Part 2 - Sustainable development and National Park purposes Part 2

Sustainable development o using sound science responsibly o ensuring a strong, healthy and 2.1 just society. A fundamental aim of the Dartmoor National Park Core Strategy is to The strategy also identified four shared ensure that spatial development in priority areas for immediate action: the National Park is sustainable. The Planning and Compulsory Purchase 1) sustainable consumption Act 2004 established sustainable and production development as a principal aim of 2) climate change and energy planning. Section 39 of the Act states: 3) natural resource protection ‘any person or any body which and environmental enhancement exercises any function in relation 4) sustainable communities. to local development documents 2.3 must exercise the function with Planning Policy Statement 1 (see the objective of contributing to paragraph 1.13) sets out overarching the achievement of sustainable national planning policies for the development.’ delivery of sustainable development. The Brundtland Report of 1987 In order to give more guidance on how focused international attention on the local development documents should importance of sustainable development. respond to climate change, a planning In its response, the UK Government policy statement (consultation draft) summarised sustainable development as: on climate change was published in December 2006. Among other things, ‘Ensuring everyone has a better the statement indicates how policy can quality of life without compromising address climate change mitigation and the quality of life of future generations.’ adaptation priorities.

2.2 In its 2005 strategy for sustainable development6, the UK Government defined five principles: o living within environmental limits 6 o Defra (2005) Securing the Future - achieving a sustainable economy UK Government Sustainable Development o promoting good governance Strategy Dartmoor National Park Authority 8 Local Development Framework: Core Strategy Development Plan Document 2006 - 2026 Adopted Version June 2008 National Park purposes and 2.6 Under the 1995 Act, the National Park sustainable development Authority has to prepare a Management

Plan, which is the single most important Part 2 2.4 document for the National Park. The Two statutory purposes of National Defra Review of the English National Park Park designation were set out in the Authorities (July 2002) stated in National Parks and Access to the recommendation 19: Countryside Act 1949. The purposes were amended by the Environment ii) the National Park Management Plan Act 1995 to the following: should be given renewed importance in Government policy advice – providing to conserve and enhance the natural the long term policy framework for beauty, wildlife and cultural heritage action to further Park purposes. (of the National Parks); and The Management Plan is the overarching to promote opportunities for the strategic document for the National Park, understanding and enjoyment of co-ordinating and integrating other plans, the special qualities (of the National strategies and actions. It indicates how Parks) by the public. National Park purposes and the associated The 1995 Act also states that, in pursuing duty will be delivered through sustainable National Park purposes, National Park development. The Management Plan is Authorities have a duty: a plan for the National Park and not just the National Park Authority; it is for all to seek to foster the economic and those people and organisations that have social well-being of local communities influence over the future of the National (within the National Park) by working Park. At the same time that this Core closely with the agencies and local Strategy had been in preparation, work on authorities responsible for these matters. a review of the 2001 Management Plan had The integration of the two National Park also been in hand. Opportunities were purposes and the socio-economic duty taken to consider the Core Strategy within ensures that sustainability principles the emerging ambitions of the Management must underpin the work of the National Plan. In particular, this Strategy has Park Authorities. embodied the vision statement that has been developed for the Management Plan 2.5 Review. It also attempts to reflect the land National Parks have been confirmed by the use implications of the themes set out in Government as having the highest status the Review, such as climate change, social of protection in relation to landscape and inclusion and the need to encourage a scenic beauty and the statutory purposes living and working landscape. help ensure their continued protection. Section 62 of the Environment Act 1995 amended the 1949 legislation and placed The National Park’s special a general statutory duty on all relevant qualities authorities7 requiring them to have regard to National Park purposes. This ensures 2.7 that relevant authorities take account of The second National Park purpose, as these purposes when coming to decisions amended by the Environment Act 1995, is: or carrying out their activities relating to or affecting land within the National ‘to promote opportunities for the Parks. It acknowledges that the fulfilment understanding and enjoyment of of protected area purposes rests not the special qualities (of the National only with the National Park authorities Parks) by the public’. but also relies on effective collaborative 7 Any Minister of the Crown, any public body, working to deliver National Park purposes any statutory undertaker, or any person and achieve sustainable development. holding public office Dartmoor National Park Authority Local Development Framework: Core Strategy Development Plan Document 2006 - 2026 Adopted Version 9 June 2008 As part of the process of preparing the of the Park; or Dartmoor National Park Management 3. foster the social or economic well- Plan 2007-2012, a wide ranging public being of the communities within the

Part 2 consultation was undertaken, which led Park provided that such development to these special qualities being identified: is compatible with the pursuit of National Park purposes. o Dartmoor’s imposing bulk Particular care will also be taken o extensive and open moorland to ensure that no development is o the granite bedrock of the high permitted outside Dartmoor or central plateaux Exmoor National Parks which would o granite as the dominant building material damage their natural beauty, character o a metamorphic aureole around the and special qualities or otherwise edge of the granite mass prejudice the achievement of National o weather - often harsh and unforgiving Park purposes. o strong rural communities o traditional farming practices 2.9 o the catchment area for most of the Devon Structure Plan policy CO2 and rivers of Devon predecessor policies in earlier Structure o a unique assemblage of wildlife Plans have been crucial in establishing o one of the most important collections the overall principles for development of archaeological landscapes in within Dartmoor National Park. Western Europe To ensure the continuity of these o an area where it is possible to find well-established and widely accepted absolute peace principles, the South West Regional o a timeless and unspoilt place Assembly (SWRA) has included a o an inspirational landscape. policy (ENV3) in the draft Regional Spatial Strategy. These special qualities command wide support and they set out clearly those Sustainability Appraisal tangible and intangible assets that the National Park Authority should help people and Strategic Environmental understand and enjoy and which planning Assessment should aim to conserve and enhance. 2.10 2.8 All development plan documents are now Reflecting the purposes and duty, the subject to Sustainability Appraisal (SA), Devon Structure Plan contains a core which incorporates the requirements of strategic policy against which the Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) acceptability of development within the under EU Directive 2001/42/EC. This is to Dartmoor National Park will be judged: determine to what extent the aims, objectives, policies or proposals provide Devon Structure Plan Policy CO2 for sustainable development and whether In Dartmoor National Park, the they will have any adverse effects on conservation and enhancement of the environmental interests. A set of natural beauty, wildlife and cultural sustainability objectives has been defined heritage will be given priority over other to assist with the SA assessment. Those considerations in the determination of objectives, which are set out below, were development proposals. Development will formulated through joint working with only be provided for where it would: partners and stakeholders at the scoping 1. conserve and enhance the natural stage of the SA programme. They seek to beauty, wildlife and cultural heritage formulate the principles for sustainable of the Park; or development within a Dartmoor National 2. promote the understanding and Park context and they will be used to set enjoyment of the special qualities the scope of the policies in this Strategy. Dartmoor National Park Authority 10 Local Development Framework: Core Strategy Development Plan Document 2006 - 2026 Adopted Version June 2008 Sustainability Objectives

1 Landscape and environment 9 Waste Part 2 To protect the special qualities and natural To reduce the amount of waste beauty of the Dartmoor National Park. generated within the National Park and to minimise the environmental effects of waste disposal. 2 Sustainable management of flood risk To manage flood risks sustainably, recognising the role of land use in 10 Sustainable transport reducing flood risks. To reduce traffic congestion and noise, and improve safety, health and air quality by reducing the need to travel, 3 Biodiversity especially by car. To conserve, protect and enhance the habitats and aquatic and terrestrial biodiversity. 11 Economy To promote sustainable economic growth, 4 Built environment particularly of key business sectors, and to To enhance the attractiveness and utilise employment land and premises local distinctiveness of the built effectively and efficiently. environment by raising the quality of design and sustainable construction. 12 Education and employment To enable all residents to share in growing 5 Historic environment prosperity by improving access to training, To conserve, protect and enhance sites, education and job opportunities. areas and buildings and landmarks of archaeological, historic, cultural and/ 13 Housing or architectural interest. To ensure that all of the National Park’s residents have access to good quality, affordable housing. 6 Land resources To concentrate and diversify development by optimising the use of previously 14 Community health, safety developed land, infrastructure, and well-being under-used land and vacant properties. To safeguard and improve community health, safety and well-being.

7 Sustainable resource use To reduce the consumption 15 Village centres of non-renewable sources of energy, water and minerals. To strengthen the role of village centres to reduce the amount that people need to travel. 8 Water quality To protect and 16 Inclusiveness and participation improve water quality. To take account of the needs of all sectors of the community in the planning and design of new development.

Dartmoor National Park Authority Local Development Framework: Core Strategy Development Plan Document 2006 - 2026 Adopted Version 11 June 2008 Community Strategies Community development: o building community identity; 2.11 o assisting social inclusion;

Part 2 One of the aims of the new development o providing good public and plans system is to embody the land use community buildings. components of the community strategies prepared by local strategic partnerships. Healthy living: Community strategies were established o improving access to healthcare under the Local Government Act 2000, and social care; which required local authorities (but not o building caring communities; National Park Authorities) to draw up o reducing isolation. a community strategy ‘for promoting or improving the economic, social and Learning and skills: environmental well-being of their area o delivering good quality and contributing to the achievement of educational resources; sustainable development in the United o improving life chances, the scope Kingdom’8. The Local Government for cultural activities and lifelong White Paper Strong and Prosperous Communities (DCLG, October 2006) learning. looks to reshaped ‘Sustainable Community Strategies’ as crucial in Leisure and recreation: o creating sustainable development at the providing good public open spaces, local level. The following themes have leisure and recreational opportunities. come from the Devon County, South Hams, Teignbridge, West Devon and Protecting and enhancing the Mid Devon Community Strategies and environment: are shared by them: o encouraging clean, green and safe homes and businesses.

Community Strategy Themes Meeting people’s needs: o improving facilities for young people; Access and transport: o investing in children and young o improving travel choices; people. o providing for day-to-day living needs without the necessity for Safer places to live: private transport; o improving community safety; o developing community transport; o reducing litter and vandalism. o improving traffic management, car parking provision and road safety. Community support: o supporting voluntary and Business and employment: community organisations; o promoting business and o encouraging volunteering. employment opportunities; o encouraging sustainable wealth Homes for all: creation; o providing for the needs of young o supporting existing businesses; people and the elderly; o retaining expanding local businesses. o improving the supply of affordable housing; Communications: o building homes for the future. o providing better communication and information systems; o improving access to internet resources. 8 Part 1, Section 4 Local Government Act 2000 Dartmoor National Park Authority 12 Local Development Framework: Core Strategy Development Plan Document 2006 - 2026 Adopted Version June 2008 2.12 Core Strategy sustainable The following sustainable development policy combines national, regional and development policy local objectives and priorities in order Part 2 to guide development in Dartmoor Policy COR1 National Park. It will underpin the In order to ensure that development whole LDF, and sets out fundamental within the Dartmoor National Park is criteria that will be used to assess undertaken in a sustainable manner, all development proposals that the following considerations should come forward. be taken into account:

a) the need to make efficient use of land and infrastructure; b) the conservation of scarce resources and the reduction of waste; c) the promotion of the health, safety, economic and social well-being and access to services opportunities of the local population; d) support for the socio-economic vitality of the National Park; e) the conservation of the quality and quantity of natural resources including water, air, soils, geodiversity and biodiversity; f) allowance for the natural drainage of surface water; g) the provision of high quality design and construction; h) respect for and enhancement of the character, quality and tranquillity of local landscapes and the wider countryside; i) the need to sustain the local distinctiveness, character, townscape, and the setting of settlements; j) the need to conserve or enhance important historic and cultural features; k) the provision of essential services to the public; l) the accessibility by the public via public transport, cycle or foot to destinations in daily life; m) the avoidance of new development and a reduction in vulnerability of redevelopment carried out within medium to high risk flood zones.

Dartmoor National Park Authority Local Development Framework: Core Strategy Development Plan Document 2006 - 2026 Adopted Version 13 June 2008 Part 2

Dartmoor National Park Authority 14 Local Development Framework: Core Strategy Development Plan Document 2006 - 2026 Adopted Version June 2008 Park andcorestrategicaims Part 3-AspatialvisionforDartmoorNational 15 Part 3 Part 3 - A spatial vision for Dartmoor National Park and core strategic aims Part 3

Introduction River valleys with oak woodland are a dominant feature. Half of the National 3.1 Park is land over 300m elevation, and This chapter sets out key characteristics levels of rainfall are much higher than of Dartmoor National Park. It highlights in the surrounding countryside. Large areas of blanket bogs on the moor feed those issues that the Core Strategy the principal Dartmoor rivers - the East should seek to address and puts forward and West Okement, Taw, Teign, Dart, a vision of Dartmoor to give motivation Avon, Yealm, Erme, and Plym. Bogs are to the strategic approach. important as water and carbon stores. Dartmoor has historically provided A spatial portrait of the water for drinking and industrial uses Dartmoor National Park and still supplies local service networks via a number of reservoirs. 3.2 Quarrying takes place to the north of Covering an area of 368 square miles the National Park, at Meldon, providing (953 square km), Dartmoor National rail ballast mainly, and to the south-east Park is the largest semi-natural upland near Ashburton to supply limestone area in the south of England and is aggregate. Smaller quarries provide a dominant feature in the Devon building and decorative stone. The area landscape. It is a unique and special of land with permission for minerals landscape offering experiences and working currently extends to 174ha. qualities that are valued by local people and visitors alike. Sheep and cattle rearing forms the core of Dartmoor’s farming industry; arable The dominant character of Dartmoor production is very limited. The small derives from the semi-natural open area scale and upland type of farming on of grass, heath and gorse moorland lying Dartmoor means that agricultural on its granite core and covering around incomes are constrained. Diversification, half of the entire area of the National into such areas as farm tourism and local Park. Conifer plantations also cover food initiatives, has played a part in large areas and along with other raising farm incomes. The ESA scheme woodland means that around 10% of and now environmental stewardship the total National Park area is under tree schemes are helping to focus investment cover. Inbye farmland forms a mantle of on the biodiversity and cultural heritage small fields set around the high moor. components of the farmed landscape.

Dartmoor National Park Authority 16 Local Development Framework: Core Strategy Development Plan Document 2006 - 2026 Adopted Version June 2008 Dartmoor is important for its unique and The 2001 Census showed a total rich wildlife. Its location, geomorphology population of 33,552 in 13,750 and a lack of intensive farming practices households. Most people live in the have combined to provide a wide range towns and villages, but there are only Part 3 of habitats of international, national, two towns more than 3,000 in population regional and local importance, with an - Ashburton and . Other exceptional diversity of species. Special places such as , Horrabridge, Areas of Conservation cover 25,400ha , , of the National Park. There are also Yelverton and have between 42 Sites of Special Scientific Interest, 1,000 and 2,500 residents. There are extending to 26,188ha, and four however many other villages with active National Nature Reserves. communities even with population levels below 1,000. Compared with Devon Dartmoor also has a rich archaeological County as a whole, there are fewer and historic heritage; with a timeline people in the younger age groups (0-44) of human activity extending back 10,000 with proportionately more in the higher years. There are above ground remains age ranges (45+). Although farming is dating back to the late Neolithic and still a vital part of the economy, culture early Bronze Age; the National Park and environment of Dartmoor it contains the largest concentration of contributes only around 3% to the Bronze Age remains in the United gross added value generated within the Kingdom. While there are over 17,500 National Park. However, it is vital in items on the Historic Environment helping to sustain the landscape qualities Record, only 1,206 are afforded of the National Park. The biggest sectors protection as Scheduled Ancient in the economy are real estate and Monuments. Industrial activity of the professional services, retail and wholesale medieval and later periods (tin working, distribution, and hotels and catering. stone cutting and peat cutting) and The rate of self employment is high medieval farming remains are also well compared with Devon and the south represented. Most towns and villages west region, reflecting numbers in were established in medieval times and employment in agriculture and the many still display evidence from that professional and service businesses. period in their buildings and layout. Unemployment rates are consistently Twenty-two towns and villages in lower than UK and Devon rates. Dartmoor have Conservation Areas. Although unemployment is low, There are 2,734 listed buildings, 58 being Dartmoor does suffer from other at Grade I and 192 buildings at Grade II*. problems - seven (three-quarters) of the wards falling within the National Dartmoor provides a wealth of Park are in the most deprived 25% in the opportunities for outdoor recreation and ability to access housing and services. it was in part because of those Relatively low levels of public transport opportunities that that Dartmoor was and a correspondingly high dependence designated as a National Park in 1951. on private transport exacerbate the There are 723km of public rights of way problems associated with access to and 50,000ha of land open to the public. services. High house prices combined Military training on Dartmoor means with relatively low household incomes that public access must be denied to mean that access to accommodation is up to 9,487 ha of moor at times when difficult for many people. live firing is programmed. Many millions of visitors come to the National Park every year, some as day visitors and others staying overnight and spending by visitors is an important part of the local economy. Dartmoor National Park Authority Local Development Framework: Core Strategy Development Plan Document 2006 - 2026 Adopted Version 17 June 2008 Issues, problems and o Nature conservation and cultural heritage challenges for the Core The challenge will be to conserve Part 3 Strategy and enhance the cultural heritage, biodiversity and geodiversity of the 3.3 National Park in the face of increasing The SA/SEA scoping report raised a demand for new development and in number of issues that the Core Strategy other places a lack of investment. should seek to address. Those issues were confirmed in the consultation Social issues work undertaken in preparing this o Sustainable communities document and they are set out below: A key objective will be maintaining balanced, rural communities in Environment issues remote rural locations. A principal o Climate change concern will be sustaining and The Strategy will need to address improving the level and range of ways in which vehicle journeys can social and community services, be reduced and energy used more affordable housing for local needs efficiently. Policy should promote and employment opportunities to the most appropriate ways of enable the towns and villages to thrive. mitigating and adapting to climate change while conserving the o Affordable housing for local needs National Park’s special qualities. The gap between house prices and Renewable energy generation will what people can afford has widened have an important part to play, considerably over recent years. but not if the effect is to damage Accessibility of housing has decreased Dartmoor’s special qualities. and this has been exacerbated by a slow growth in the provision of o Tranquillity social rented and other affordable There are many activities that housing. Particular groups such as impinge on the tranquillity of the National Park - increasing air traffic, young people, single parent families higher levels of traffic on the trunk and those on average local wages roads, military training and there are are hit harder than others. other factors, such as light pollution, that can also detract from the o Social exclusion National Park’s special qualities. Poor access to transport either through low car ownership or poor o Land management access to public transport mean that The Core Strategy will need to the remoteness of much of Dartmoor enable the land based economy remains a real problem for many to grow and develop in ways that people. Some communities are will conserve and enhance the disadvantaged due to a lack of environment and special qualities of community services and facilities the National Park. Farming is still a which intensifies isolation. major force in helping to sustain the character of moorland and the o Health and well being inbye land. Like other rural areas, Dartmoor has an ageing population and trends indicate that life expectancy will rise. The demand for health and care facilities will increase along with that

Dartmoor National Park Authority 18 Local Development Framework: Core Strategy Development Plan Document 2006 - 2026 Adopted Version June 2008 for housing that can accommodate Prudent use of resources issues or be adapted to meet the needs of o Resource use the elderly. A healthy and safe living Lifestyle and consumption trends

environment is essential, through have generally resulted in increased Part 3 good building design, public safety demands on energy and material considerations, prevention of flood resources. Many of these factors are risk and pollution, noise reduction outside the influence of the Authority; measures, and the provision of good others can be realigned in the public recreational and open space. direction of sustainability. There is generally a heightening of public Economic issues awareness of these issues and a o Sustainable economic growth readiness to moderate lifestyles One of the key issues is the in response. Planning however encouragement of a sustainable and can have a direct role in waste diverse economic base for Dartmoor, minimisation and recycling, energy which is sensitive to environmental efficiency and conservation through needs, and the aspirations of local the use of locally produced communities. The scale of economic renewable energy, reducing new demands and capacity of settlements mineral consumption and the to absorb further development are promotion of the re-use of materials. important considerations. A spatial vision for the o Transport Dartmoor National Park Low population density, the rural nature of most of the National Park 3.4 and scattered settlements make it The vision for the Core Strategy is based difficult to achieve a sustainable on the vision for the Dartmoor National transport system. Increasing reliance Park Management Plan 2007-2012, on private transport is making its reflecting the strong linkages that exist presence felt in intensifying between management of the National congestion and traffic circulation Park’s resources and the way in which problems, air pollution, road those resources are conserved and safety concerns and the quality of developed. It embodies the essential qualities of Dartmoor - a high quality community life. Innovative techniques and distinctive landscape, much visited, will be needed to reduce vehicular with a thriving local and working movements and deliver alternatives, community. Aspirations for the National such as cycle paths, better footpath Park’s Local Centres are also defined to networks, traffic management and aid the more detailed planning of those community transport schemes. communities and their rural hinterlands. o Tourism The ancient Dartmoor landscape of Key areas of sensitivity are associated deep valleys and rock-crested hills, with tourism and recreational long-established hill farms and the buried remains of Bronze Age pressures relating to traffic congestion, settlements form a major component animal welfare, and the lack of of the National Park’s special qualities. alternatives to private transport. From the blanket bogs and valley mires However, tourism is an important to the high moors, woodland and component of the local economy. enclosed fields: Dartmoor National Park Ways must be sought to reduce remains a unique and varied landscape, adverse impacts and to devise ways with habitats of international importance, in which tourism can be harnessed to an extraordinary range of wildlife boost the special qualities of Dartmoor. and wide expanses of wildness. Dartmoor National Park Authority Local Development Framework: Core Strategy Development Plan Document 2006 - 2026 Adopted Version 19 June 2008 At the same time it is a place where It has retained its medieval street people live, work and play, with layout and has a fine range of historic consequent competing demands on buildings. Today Ashburton is a thriving

Part 3 resources. Farming and tourism need small town and District Centre offering to be encouraged and balanced, both a good range of services and a vibrant to manage the landscape and to enable town centre with a selection of shops, it to be enjoyed. The conservation of cafes and pubs. the ancient fabric of the towns, villages and farmsteads remains a high priority, Ashburton’s vision looks to: as does the protection of the moor from o sustain the vibrant local service creeping urbanisation, such as light economy pollution and highway infrastructure. o A modest degree of expansion is enhance opportunities for business desirable in the larger settlements, and commercial development to accommodate new employment o improve parking and traffic and to provide housing for a thriving management in the town centre local population. A responsible use of o provide a wider range of natural resources and a commitment to accommodation opportunities to generating energy in sustainable ways meet the needs of local people must be fostered in order to minimise o damage not only to Dartmoor but to conserve the town’s distinctive the wider environment. character and heritage as a Stannary town. Crucial to the future is the relationship between the local communities and Buckfastleigh the National Park itself. Both the 3.5.2 working economy and the National The settlement is a historic woollen mill Park’s cultural identity are vested in town on the southern boundary of the the local people. They provide the National Park. More recently, investment continuity, support and living heritage has been made in improving traffic that make each place much more than management, highway enhancement a mere location on a map. This vision and improving the condition of the for Dartmoor National Park is therefore existing building stock resulting in an one of balance, in which both stability attractive and accessible District Centre. and change are beneficial to local people and visitors alike, and the Buckfastleigh’s vision looks to: special qualities of Dartmoor are o preserved for future generations sustain and improve the range of as well as for those who visit and local shops and services for the live in the National Park today. community and the tourist economy o provide opportunities for high The vision for the National quality housing development Park’s larger settlements o conserve the town’s distinctive heritage as a mill town. 3.5 The following sections set out vision Chagford statements for the National Park’s 3.5.3 Local Centres. A traditional moorland centre and, like Ashburton, an ancient stannary town. Ashburton There is an abundance of fine granite 3.5.1 buildings, with examples from the An ancient stannary town since 1285, medieval period to the 19th century. historically its prosperity was based on It boasts a wide and interesting range tin mining and the woollen industry. of shops. Dartmoor National Park Authority 20 Local Development Framework: Core Strategy Development Plan Document 2006 - 2026 Adopted Version June 2008 Chagford’s vision looks to: Princetown o sustain the vibrant local service 3.5.6 economy and enhance the tourist One of the highest settlements on th th economy Dartmoor, in the late 18 /early 19 Part 3 o provide a wider range of century it was transformed into a model accommodation opportunities to farming community and prison town meet the needs of local people by Thomas Tyrwhitt. The economy and community is now less focused on the o improve access, parking provision prison; tourism and visitor services play and traffic circulation a much larger role. o conserve the town’s distinctive character and heritage as a Princetown’s vision looks to: Stannary town. o provide opportunities for high quality housing development Horrabridge o sustain and improve the range 3.5.4 of local shops and services A small town on the west of Dartmoor o enhance opportunities for business with its historic core centred on a Grade and commercial development I listed bridge across the River Walkham. including the tourist economy Its original industry was associated with o improve the character and quality cloth mills and copper and tin mining. of the built environment The town’s modern housing lies in sharp o improve community facilities contrast to the modest buildings that o conserve the historic fabric of form the historic core. the settlement. Horrabridge’s vision looks to: o sustain and improve the range South Brent of local shops and services 3.5.7 o resolve problems arising from South Brent developed in medieval historic mining activity times, hosting a market and fair. o improve the character and quality While some industrial activity, linked of the built environment. to cloth mills, supported its economy, its main work was linked with its role Moretonhampstead as a staging post on the Exeter- 3.5.5 Plymouth turnpike road. The village The town’s history dates back some offers a wide range of community thirteen centuries. There are many fine services and facilities. and interesting buildings, including granite almshouses. The town has South Brent’s vision looks to: o grown in recent years and offers a wide sustain and improve the range range of local services and facilities, of local shops and services including recreational opportunities. o enhance opportunities for business and commercial development Moretonhampstead’s vision looks to: o conserve the quality of the built o provide a wider range of environment accommodation opportunities to o improve traffic management. meet the needs of local people o sustain and improve the range Yelverton of local shops and services 3.5.8 o improve access, parking provision Yelverton became popular with visitors and traffic circulation and as a healthy location for new o enhance opportunities for business housing from the 1890s onwards. and commercial development Its position on the south west edge of including the tourist economy. the National Park offers easy access

Dartmoor National Park Authority Local Development Framework: Core Strategy Development Plan Document 2006 - 2026 Adopted Version 21 June 2008 from Plymouth and and makes it a good touring base.

Part 3 Yelverton’s vision looks to: o sustain the vibrant local service economy o provide a wider range of accommodation opportunities to meet the needs of local people o manage recreational demand to benefit the settlement and visitors. Core Strategic Aims

3.6 Clearly expressed spatial planning aims help translate the spatial vision into a set of development ambitions for the National Park. As part of the process of undertaking the Strategic Environmental Assessment of the Core Strategy, the planning aims of the adopted Local Plan were reappraised. Those aims were also considered during the first consultation stage on the Core Strategy. The public response indicated that the original planning aims adopted a positive approach and showed a clear link with National Park purposes and duty in relation to development in each sector. The aims opposite are restated for the Core Strategy as Core Strategic Aims.

Dartmoor National Park Authority 22 Local Development Framework: Core Strategy Development Plan Document 2006 - 2026 Adopted Version June 2008 Landscape Evolution To conserve and enhance Dartmoor as a living, working, evolving landscape that continues to offer special qualities of peace and quiet, remoteness,

solitude, unspoilt natural beauty, wide open spaces, wildness and wildlife habitats, Part 3 the freedom to roam, and archaeological qualities/sense of history. Nature Conservation To base all policies and proposals upon maintaining or enhancing the characteristic biodiversity and geodiversity of the National Park and its contribution to national, European and global diversity. Historic Landscapes To protect the integrity of Dartmoor as a historic landscape by conserving, protecting and enhancing sites, areas, buildings and features of archaeological, historic, cultural or architectural interest. Built Environment To ensure that development and land and water management conserves or enhances the character of Dartmoor’s built environment and is provided to the highest practical quality standards.

Recreation Use To assist everyone to enjoy the special qualities of Dartmoor in ways that do not harm the National Park environment, local communities, and the enjoyment and rights of others. Tourism To ensure that tourism development in the National Park is based upon the special qualities of Dartmoor and benefits its environment and economy.

Farming To assist in sustaining viable farming and forestry systems as a vital element in the local economy particularly in ways that further the purposes of National Park designation. Employment To assist in the provision of local employment and business opportunities, particularly in the Local Centres, and in the diversification of the rural economy in ways that are beneficial to the National Park and its community. Housing Actively to encourage and promote affordable housing to meet the needs of local communities, in the Local Centres and Rural Settlements, whilst resisting residential development where it would be damaging to National Park purposes. Local Services and Facilities To assist in the provision of local services and facilities in such a way as to promote community welfare without harm to the local environment and to retain existing services and facilities wherever feasible. Traffic and Transport To facilitate better access to local facilities, to reduce the need to travel, especially by car, and provide for visitor access in ways which are least damaging to the environment and local interests. Major Development To resist major development proposals, unless there is a proven overriding national need and no reasonable alternative ways of meeting that need outside the National Park.

Dartmoor National Park Authority Local Development Framework: Core Strategy Development Plan Document 2006 - 2026 Adopted Version 23 June 2008 Dartmoor National Park Authority 24 Local Development Framework: Core Strategy Development Plan Document 2006 - 2026 Adopted Version June 2008 National Park Part 4-SettlementpatterninDartmoor 25 Part 4 Part 4 - Settlement pattern in Dartmoor National Park Part 4

Getmapping

Settlement strategy - Outstanding Natural Beauty) have the highest status of landscape protection in background relation to landscape and scenic beauty. Aerial photograph of Buckfastleigh © The policy statement makes it clear that 4.1 the National Park purposes should be The principles of sustainable given great weight in planning policies development require a wide-ranging and development control decisions. view to be taken of proposed development. The environmental Those objectives are reflected in the qualities, characteristics and strategic National Parks and nationally distinctiveness of localities are protected landscape policies of the considered along with an assessment County Structure Plan (policy CO2) of the beneficial and adverse effects and the draft Regional Spatial Strategy that the proposed development would (policy ENV3). have on promoting a self-sufficient community. The aim is to improve the 4.3 welfare of people that live or work in Major development in National Parks - the National Park and improve the development that raises issues of visitor experience without damaging national significance - is also addressed Dartmoor’s special qualities. by PPS7. Government advice is that major development in National Parks National strategy should only be permitted in exceptional circumstances and should be subject to 4.2 the most rigorous examination. Proposals The Government's objectives for rural must be demonstrated to be in the public areas set out in Planning Policy interest before being allowed to proceed. Statement (PPS) 79 are to raise the In assessing the merits of proposals, the quality of life and the environment, to following factors are to be considered: promote more sustainable patterns of development, to improve the economic 1 the need for the development, performance of the rural areas, and including in terms of any national to promote a sustainable, diverse considerations, and the impact of and adaptable agricultural industry. permitting or refusing it on the PPS7 also sets the national policy local economy; framework for development within 9 the National Parks; it recognises that ODPM (now DCLG) (2004) Planning Policy Statement (PPS) 7 Sustainable Development these areas (along with Areas of in Rural Areas

Dartmoor National Park Authority 26 Local Development Framework: Core Strategy Development Plan Document 2006 - 2026 Adopted Version June 2008 2 the cost of, and scope for, developing It reflects current government guidance, elsewhere outside the designated conforms to the saved policies of the area, or meeting the need for it in Devon Structure Plan, the policies of

some other way; and the emerging RSS, and has regard to the Part 4 3 any detrimental effect on the community strategies and other relevant environment, the landscape and strategies that apply to Dartmoor. recreational opportunities, and the extent to which that could 4.7 be moderated. The main emphasis for development within the Dartmoor National Park is Regional strategy to provide for the social and economic well-being of Dartmoor’s communities 4.4 where this conforms with National Park The interim regional spatial strategy is purposes. To help protect the special the Regional Planning Guidance for the qualities of the National Park, the South West, published in September 2001. countryside outside settlements should The development strategy set out in that be safeguarded from development that document sees development in the South is not essential. West region primarily taking place in the principal urban areas, with a range of 4.8 smaller designated settlements offering Within the National Park, there are a potential for sustainable balanced growth number of larger settlements which offer at a sub-regional level. In the wider rural a range of services and a choice of shops areas, the strategy sees the designation of and can act as service centres for their local service centres, with other towns and immediate localities and a wider rural villages only providing for local needs. hinterland. The settlements concerned are: Ashburton, Buckfastleigh, Chagford, 4.5 Horrabridge, Moretonhampstead, The draft RSS formulates the approach to Princetown, South Brent and Yelverton. be adopted in considering development It is felt that these settlements effectively in the smaller towns and villages of the perform the role of Local Centres as set region. It accepts that in order for the out in the Devon Structure Plan, that is, rural communities to thrive, small amounts acting as a focus for essential facilities of development may be appropriate, for rural communities, including especially economic development. affordable housing for local needs, It recognises, however, that the scale small scale employment and other local and nature of development needs to be services, being well related to public managed more carefully than has been transport and highway networks, and the case over the last 20 years to ensure other designated centres. that the most sustainable approach is adopted. It stresses that housing should 4.9 only be permitted where it relates to Smaller settlements, such as Christow, clearly identified local needs or where Cornwood and , have much of it is necessary to support local the social and economic infrastructure employment provision. that is needed to make communities sustainable. Recent Government advice The strategy for Dartmoor on housing10 stresses that growth in small rural settlements should be distributed in 4.6 ways that support informal social support The settlement pattern proposed for networks, assists people to live near their Dartmoor is based on a planned approach work and benefit from key services and to development and constraint that encourage environmental benefits. works towards the objective of 10 DCLG (November 2006) Planning Policy sustainable development. Statement (PPS) 3 Housing

Dartmoor National Park Authority Local Development Framework: Core Strategy Development Plan Document 2006 - 2026 Adopted Version 27 June 2008 4.10 local housing or employment needs of The cohesion and self-containment of the parish will be more appropriately smaller communities can be improved by met in less constrained rural settlements,

Part 4 well planned development. Other advice either within the same parish or in an on development in rural areas11 notes adjacent parish. The capacity and that local planning authorities should ability of each recognised settlement to make provision for some limited accommodate local needs development development in, or next to, rural and the aspirations of individual settlements that are not designated as communities will be assessed in more local service centres, in order to meet detail through the Generic Development local business and community needs Control and Site Specific Policies DPD, and to maintain community vitality. which will be prepared in line with the Local Development Scheme. 4.11 The draft RSS recognises that 4.13 strengthening the self containment of There are strong social, functional, the smaller towns and villages depends cultural and economic linkages that exist on small-scale economic activity and between communities in the National improvement of the range of services Park and those outside. The National they offer, with housing provision based Park is sandwiched between three on identified local needs. The scope for principal urban areas - Exeter, Plymouth this type of small scale development is and Torbay - which provide a wide range most likely to be associated with the of services, facilities and employment need to promote traditional agricultural opportunities enjoyed by National Park livelihoods, to assist in the development residents. (Teignbridge of small home and farm based District) is a well-serviced Sub Regional enterprises, to deliver local services Centre, lying to the south-east of the and facilities, and provide small amounts National Park. It still functions as an of affordable housing for local needs. active market town for the farming community of south-east Dartmoor.

4.12 4.14 The small and scattered nature of many There are three Area Centres - of Dartmoor’s settlements and the need (South Hams District), Tavistock for all development to be at a scale (West Devon Borough) and and quality to reflect National Park (West Devon Borough) - lying on the purposes means that the level of such boundary of the National Park on the development in the Rural Settlements south, west and north sides respectively. is likely to be extremely limited and The Area Centres offer a wide range in some cases may consist of three of services and facilities not available dwellings or less to meet the affordable in the National Park’s Local Centres. housing needs of the parish. Hence, (Teignbridge District) this Strategy defines a second tier of is a Local Centre just outside the smaller Rural Settlements where limited eastern boundary of the National Park, development would in principle be serving those Dartmoor communities acceptable to support the needs of these lying in its hinterland. individual settlements and their parishes. Nonetheless, it is recognised that some 4.15 of the identified rural settlements are The linkages referred to above are vital very small and there will also be levels of and there is a high degree of cohesion environmental, infrastructure, resources and connection between communities and community constraint that varies inside Dartmoor and outside Dartmoor. from settlement to settlement. In some cases, the level and nature of these 11 ODPM (2004) PPS7 Sustainable Development constraints may be such that any specific in Rural Areas. Dartmoor National Park Authority 28 Local Development Framework: Core Strategy Development Plan Document 2006 - 2026 Adopted Version June 2008 Much of the comparison shopping o provide scope for maintaining opportunities, higher educational and improving employment provision, health and medical facilities opportunities and commercial and jobs needed by Dartmoor residents activity consistent with local Part 4 are available in the higher order business needs and settlements. Conversely, recreational environmental capacity; and leisure opportunities and primary o ensure that a range of local industry and service industry employment services are maintained and are provided within Dartmoor. Some of where possible enhanced; Dartmoor’s Local Centres, particularly Ashburton, Buckfastleigh, South Brent (ii) a range of smaller settlements and Yelverton, act as important service defined as Rural Settlements where centres for local areas extending outside small scale development essentially the National Park. These linkages mean serving identified needs arising from that there must be a readiness on the within a settlement and its parish part of local planning and housing will be acceptable in principle: authorities, stakeholders and o Government and public agencies to o consider how housing, infrastructure Bittaford o and services provision could best serve Bridford o the interests of these interdependent Buckfast o areas, always bearing in mind the Cheriton Bishop (Cheriton Cross) o statutory and environmental constraints Christow o that apply to the National Park. Cornwood o Dean/Dean Prior Policy COR2 o Dousland Spatial development within the o Dartmoor National Park is based o Dunsford on the following principles: o Hennock (i) a range of larger settlements o defined as Local Centres where o appropriate development intended o Liverton to serve the needs of the settlement o and its rural hinterland will be o acceptable in principle: o o Ashburton o Mary Tavy o Buckfastleigh o Meavy o Chagford o o Horrabridge o North o Moretonhampstead o o Princetown o o South Brent o Scorriton o Yelverton o o In these settlements the priorities o for spatial development will be to: o South Zeal o provide scope for meeting local o housing needs, with at least 60% o Throwleigh of the projected new housing o guideline provision, shown in the o Regional Spatial Strategy of 50 o Widecombe-in-the-Moor dwellings per year being located in these settlements; Dartmoor National Park Authority Local Development Framework: Core Strategy Development Plan Document 2006 - 2026 Adopted Version 29 June 2008 In these settlements the priorities With all development within the for spatial development will be to: National Park, the re-use of previously o provide for small scale housing developed land will be a priority where

Part 4 development to meet identified this is compatible with other planning local needs for affordable housing; considerations. o provide for small scale development to sustain local Where settlements are located near enterprises and facilitate the boundary of the Dartmoor National business growth; Park, the Authority will work closely o provide for small scale with adjoining planning and housing development to provide new authorities to ensure an integrated local services or safeguard approach to development needs. existing local services.

(iii)Outside the Local Centres and Rural Settlements of the National Park, development will be acceptable in principle if it: a) is necessary to meet the proven needs of farming, including farm diversification and forestry, and other enterprises with an essential requirement to locate in the open countryside; or b) is for the provision of utility or service infrastructure; or c) would sustain buildings or structures that contribute to the distinctive landscape or special qualities of the Dartmoor National Park, where those assets would otherwise be at risk and where development can be accomplished without adversely affecting the qualities of those buildings or structures; or d) is small scale development for the growth of existing businesses; or e) is householder and domestic related development; or f) is development needed to promote National Park purposes.

Dartmoor National Park Authority 30 Local Development Framework: Core Strategy Development Plan Document 2006 - 2026 Adopted Version June 2008 in DartmoorNationalPark Part 5-Keyspatialdevelopmentthemes 31 Part 5 Part 5 - Key spatial development themes in Dartmoor National Park Part 5 5.1 Introduction

Introduction Social well-being themes o Infrastructure, community facilities 5.1.1 and public services Spatial development themes were o Housing for local needs identified through SA/SEA scoping o Social inclusion exercises and in workshops with key o Health and well-being partners and stakeholders. The themes also reflect those topics that are Economic and transport themes assuming a higher profile in planning o Sustainable economic growth for sustainable communities, such as o Tourism social cohesion, climate change and o sustainable resource use. They also Agricultural diversification o support the ambitions that underpin the Transport Dartmoor National Park Management Plan 2007-2012. The SA/SEA baseline Prudent use of resources themes study provided much of the underlying o Minerals development evidence base. In the following o Waste sections, the key spatial development o Water resources. themes for Dartmoor National Park are set out and spatial development aims and strategic policies are proposed to help further the aims of sustainable development.

Environment and heritage themes o National Park landscape o Dartmoor’s built environment (including design and sustainable development and the historic built environment) o Archaeology o Biodiversity and geological conservation o Climate change o Tranquillity

Dartmoor National Park Authority 32 Local Development Framework: Core Strategy Development Plan Document 2006 - 2026 Adopted Version June 2008 Environment and Heritage

Sustainability objectives 5.2 National Park landscape Part 5 Landscape and environment 5.2.1 To protect the special qualities Dartmoor’s exceptional landscape and and natural beauty of the Dartmoor its special qualities were the principal National Park. reasons for designating Dartmoor as Biodiversity a National Park in 1951. Dartmoor is To conserve, protect and enhance a living and working landscape as the habitats and aquatic and well as being a much visited one. terrestrial biodiversity. Its character is the result of action Historic environment and interaction of natural and human factors over thousands of years. To conserve, protect and enhance sites, Continuing to manage and enhance areas and buildings and landmarks of the National Park while at the same archaeological, historic, cultural and/ time fulfilling wider agendas - rural or architectural interest. regeneration, healthy living agendas, Built environment biodiversity action planning, etc. - To enhance the attractiveness and is a challenge for all those with a stake local distinctiveness of the built in Dartmoor. It is the role of this strategy environment by raising the quality to positively assist in the process. of design and sustainable construction. 5.2.2 Core Strategic Aim - Landscape Evolution In 1996 the former Countryside To conserve and enhance Dartmoor as a Commission and English Nature, living, working, evolving landscape that with support from English Heritage, continues to offer special qualities of

produced ‘The Character of England’ Environment and Heritage: 5.2 National Park Landscape peace and quiet, remoteness, solitude, map. England was divided into a unspoilt natural beauty, wide open number of Joint Character Areas (JCAs), spaces, wildness and wildlife habitats, providing a picture of the differences the freedom to roam, and archaeological in landscape character at the national qualities/sense of history. scale and enabling landscape change Core Strategic Aim - Nature Conservation to be monitored. An updated map was To base all policies and proposals upon produced in January 2006. Dartmoor maintaining or enhancing the characteristic comprises one JCA and a summary biodiversity and geodiversity of the is attached to the map that reads: National Park and its contribution to Dartmoor is a large, wild, high national, European and global diversity. moorland landscape that rises dramatically out off the lowlands of Core Strategic Aim - Historic Landscapes south-west Devon, where it overlooks To protect the integrity of Dartmoor the rolling ridges of the Culm to the as a historic landscape by conserving, north and the sheltered, settled lands protecting and enhancing sites, areas, of South Devon to the south. Only a buildings and features of archaeological, tiny fraction (less than 1%) of the historic, cultural or architectural interest. Character Area is urban and 11% is woodland. Almost all of the Character Core Strategic Aim - Built Environment Area is Less Favoured Area (96%) To ensure that development and land and National Park (97%) and 46% is and water management conserves or Environmentally Sensitive Area (ESA). enhances the character of Dartmoor’s A large proportion of the area (39%) built environment and is provided to the is common land, which has implications highest practical quality standards. for its management.

Dartmoor National Park Authority Local Development Framework: Core Strategy Development Plan Document 2006 - 2026 Adopted Version 33 June 2008 Dartmoor is underlain by a large The large mass of granite rock, forming granite batholith with an aureole the moorland core is the largest in of metamorphic rocks including tin, England. Moorland forms a unique

Part 5 copper and china clay bearing deposits. wildlife habitat recognised for its Two sub-units: high moor; enclosed ecological value by the designation landscapes around the eastern, southern of most of the open moorland as and western edges of Dartmoor. Sites of Special Scientific Interest. The open moorland contains a wealth 5.2.3 of archaeological sites and landscapes, English Heritage’s Historic Land dating from around 5,000 years ago to Characterisation (HLC) programme the present day; the national importance goes beyond individual buildings, of many is reflected in their designation planned landscapes and archaeological as scheduled monuments. As part of sites to establish an over-arching view the Vision for Moorland Dartmoor (see below), areas of exceptional of the whole historic landscape. The archaeological landscape importance programme enables a better appreciation have been designated as Premier of separate places and elements. It also Archaeological Landscapes and these offers an overall understanding of areas will be managed principally for the whole landscape, increasing the their archaeological value rather than appreciation that what is commonly their ecological value. regarded as ‘natural’ landscape is the product of centuries of human action. 5.2.6 The NPA has prepared the Section 3 5.2.4 Conservation Map required by the In 2002, a study was published12, which Wildlife and Countryside (Amendment) took a more in-depth look at Devon’s Act 1985. The map shows areas of moor, landscape. The study was intended heath and woodland ‘… whose natural to assist in developing landscape beauty it is, in the opinion of the

Environment and Heritage: 5.2 National Park Landscape strategies and to act as a reference Authority, particularly important to point in monitoring landscape change. conserve’. Most of the moor and heath Dartmoor was divided into two zones within the National Park lies within the - (a) Dartmoor - enclosed, and (b) Section 3 Conservation Map boundary. Dartmoor - high moor. This zonation, Much of it is protected under the EC whilst being simplistic, highlights the Habitats Directive as Special Areas of overall character of Dartmoor, with the Conservation (SAC) (See section 5.5.1). elevated, open moorland core being The upland oakwoods of the National surrounded by a patchwork of small Park are also of international importance fields and valleys. Development over and some form part of the South the enclosed zone is fairly scattered, Dartmoor Woods SAC. They are typically of individual farmsteads, important for wildlife and five are often constructed of granite. Villages statutorily protected as National Nature are often located in valleys, with some Reserves. Ancient woodland sites are such as Shaugh Prior and Holne in more irreplaceable - the interactions between prominent locations on hillsides. plants, animals, soils, climate and people New development will take place are unique and have developed over predominantly in the enclosed zone hundreds of years. There is an extensive and care will be needed to preserve the network of ancient woodland in Dartmoor and as these ecosystems qualities of this distinctive landscape. cannot be re-created it is essential that this habitat be protected from 5.2.5 inappropriate development. The high moor forms the heart of 12 the National Park covering around Devon County Council (2002) The Devon Landscape - an Appraisal of Devon’s Landscape a half of the entire area - 46,000ha at the Beginning of the 21st Century. out of a total area of 953 sq km. Devon Books. Dartmoor National Park Authority 34 Local Development Framework: Core Strategy Development Plan Document 2006 - 2026 Adopted Version June 2008 It is important that these environmental Policy COR3 resources are fully protected from Development will conserve and enhance damaging development - to support the characteristic landscapes and

National Park purposes and fulfill their features that contribute to Dartmoor’s Part 5 roles as part of the coherent network special environmental qualities and in of Europe-wide protected sites making an assessment of development (‘Natura 2000’). particular regard will be had to: o underlying geology and 5.2.7 watercourses, river corridors The statutory agencies with direct and wetlands; responsibility for Dartmoor’s o environment have combined to moor and heath; o prepare A Vision for Moorland woodlands, trees and orchards; o Dartmoor in 2030: wildlife habitats; o field boundaries; The Vision is for Dartmoor’s o settlements, roads and lanes; moorland to remain the largest open o historic and archaeological space in southern England; for its landscapes, features and artefacts; rich archaeological remains to be and protected and its wonderful wildlife o vernacular and other historic to be conserved and enhanced. buildings and traditional The landscape and associated man-made features. ecological and cultural resources will be managed by farming systems that not only provide environmental benefits but also maintain the farming communities so essential for Dartmoor’s future. Environment and Heritage: 5.2 National Park Landscape Working towards this vision will require land management and planning skills. Preventing development which is isolated or sporadic, or that reduces the feeling of openness will be essential. Strong policies to protect and conserve wildlife and cultural heritage will be needed along with the support and encouragement of a farming industry that is sympathetic to, and supportive of, the vision.

Dartmoor National Park Authority Local Development Framework: Core Strategy Development Plan Document 2006 - 2026 Adopted Version 35 June 2008 5.3 Dartmoor’s built More detailed design considerations such as building orientation, building form environment and materials influence resource

Part 5 sustainability. Functional aspects such as 5.3.1 density of development, land-use mixes Dartmoor’s built environment has a and movement patterns fall within the number of well-defined vernacular ambit of design policy as does the safety traditions reflecting historical building of the public realm. Design plays a vital methods, local availability of materials role in guiding the form and setting of and economic, social and climatic new development to assist in reducing influences. These traditional buildings crime and disorder. add texture to the historic built environment of the National Park and 5.3.3 contribute greatly to its special qualities. Buildings and spaces must be designed The character and distinctiveness of the to a high standard to ensure that they built heritage of the National Park contribute positively to the local depends greatly on these influences. distinctiveness of the National Park’s Other inputs such as the variety of settlements, its special qualities and architectural styles that are present, the quality of life of local residents. settlement patterns, and street detailing They must be of the appropriate scale, also play a role. New construction design, detailing and materials for their should have regard to these traditions location and have regard to the design and influences whilst contributing to principles set out in the Supplementary the conservation and enhancement of Planning Document (SPD) on design, the National Park’s built environment. to be produced by the Authority. CABE13 has set out the following Design and sustainable development aspects of development that design 5.3.2 policy should address: Good, well informed design is a vital element in achieving sustainable o layout and the relationship to development. Government guidance in the structure and grain of the Environment and Heritage: 5.3 Dartmoor’s built environment Environment and Heritage: 5.3 Dartmoor’s PPS1 stresses that good design should local environment contribute positively to making places o better for people and that design which density and mix of the development is inappropriate in its context, or which o its scale in terms of height and mass fails to take the opportunities available o the details of its appearance and for improving the character and quality the materials that are used of an area and the way it functions, o the character of the landscape. should not be accepted. The Core Strategy sets out the overall approach The use of good quality materials for to spatial design to ensure that design construction will help ensure that new policy addresses social and sustainability buildings or conversions or alterations as well as visual and functional of existing buildings make a positive aspirations. Good quality places that contribution to the local built reinforce local character and environment and will remain fit distinctiveness should work well, look for their roles in the long term. good and help support a viable local Buildings should also make efficient economy. They can also enable people use of energy and embody measures to adopt healthier lifestyles, for example, that can reduce the demand for water. by providing more opportunities for walking or cycling. Good design can 13 Commission for Architecture and the help promote inclusive access, which is Built Environment (CABE) (June 2005) a vital part of achieving social equality. Making design policy work: how to deliver good design through your local development framework.

Dartmoor National Park Authority 36 Local Development Framework: Core Strategy Development Plan Document 2006 - 2026 Adopted Version June 2008 The Department for Environment, Food Towns such as Ashburton, Chagford and Rural Affairs (Defra) has published and Moretonhampstead continue in a Climate Change Strategic Framework this role today. which highlights the importance of the Part 5 move to zero carbon development, 5.3.5 underpinned by ‘a planning framework The historic buildings of Dartmoor are that will support the move to zero for the most part in the vernacular carbon through the way development is tradition, constructed from locally located, designed and planned, including derived materials (granite, cob, slate, the greater use of renewable energy’. thatch) and in locally distinctive styles. Special consideration will need to be The earliest surviving examples are given to how adapted or refurbished probably from the 14th century. historic buildings can be made energy There are 2,734 listed buildings efficient without damaging their character. and structures within Dartmoor. These buildings are protected by law Policy COR4 by virtue of their historic or architectural Development proposals will be merit. However, there are still some expected to conform to the following buildings of similar quality, which design principles: have not yet received this protection. a) demonstrating a scale and layout It is important that their individual appropriate to the site and its qualities and contribution to local surroundings, conserving or enhancing distinctiveness are protected. A rolling the quality and distinctiveness of quinquennial Buildings at Risk Survey keeps under review all those listed the built environment and local buildings at risk; currently there are landscape character; 105 on the register. There are also b) using external materials appropriate good unspoilt examples of more recent to the local environment; structures not constructed of local c) making the best sustainable use of materials but which are locally the site, including the re-use and distinctive. Functional buildings such refurbishment of existing buildings; as concrete bus and motor garages, d) providing an attractive, functional, corrugated iron stores and inter-war built environment Environment and Heritage: 5.3 Dartmoor’s accessible, and energy and water bungalows contribute to the overall mix efficient development; and variety of the built environment. e) creating places that deter crime. Such structures could be considered for inclusion in a register of locally The historic built environment important buildings should such a 5.3.4 register be established. The character of Dartmoor owes much to its historic built heritage and this heritage 5.3.6 is a finite resource. The characteristic There are 22 Conservation Areas within settlement pattern of Dartmoor, Dartmoor, designated because of their comprising scattered farmsteads and special architectural or historic interest. settlements, is ancient with its roots Under the Planning (Listed Buildings dating back to the second millennium BC. and Conservation Areas) Act 1990, The main towns are generally strategically they are defined as ‘areas of special sited on the moorland fringe. The larger architectural or historic interest the settlements - such as Ashburton, Chagford character or appearance of which and South Brent - were developed in it is desirable to preserve or enhance’. medieval times and still show features (e.g. burgage plots) dating back to that period. These towns supported markets and fairs and they served the role of service centres for the surrounding rural areas.

Dartmoor National Park Authority Local Development Framework: Core Strategy Development Plan Document 2006 - 2026 Adopted Version 37 June 2008 The Conservation Areas are in: 5.3.8 o Ashburton A Government White Paper has been o Buckfastleigh published setting out proposals for a

Part 5 o Chagford unified approach to heritage protection. o Crockernwell A new single system for national o Drewsteignton designation is proposed, incorporating o Dunsford historic buildings, archaeological sites, parks and gardens and battlefield sites. o Horrabridge The register will be called ‘The Register o Lustleigh of Historic Buildings and Sites of o Lydford England’, and all the entries will be o Manaton known as ‘historic assets’, each with o Meavy an individual ‘historic asset record’. o Moretonhampstead The current separate systems of Listed o Murchington Building Consent and Scheduled o North Bovey Monument Consent will be replaced by o North Brentor a single ‘heritage asset consent’ (HAC). o Princetown Local planning authorities will be o South Brent responsible for determining HACs. o South Tawton Conservation Area consent will be o South Zeal abolished and merged with planning o Sticklepath permission. o Throwleigh o Widecombe-in-the-Moor Policy COR5 The character, appearance, historic plan The Authority has undertaken a round forms, settlement patterns, integrity, of Conservation Area Appraisals to local distinctiveness and cultural assess the particular qualities and needs associations that contribute to the of each one. These appraisals will act as special qualities and settings of the tools in defining the character of the historic built environment and historic areas and as an aid in considering parks and gardens should be conserved Environment and Heritage: 5.3 Dartmoor’s built environment Environment and Heritage: 5.3 Dartmoor’s development proposals. Management and enhanced. plans are being prepared for each conservation area to inform and encourage good practices to conserve their character and appearance.

5.3.7 A register of parks and gardens of special historic interest is maintained by English Heritage and a local register is kept by the Devon Gardens Trust. Although there are no specific additional statutory controls resulting from inclusion on the register, Government guidance (PPG15, Planning and the Historic Environment 1994) indicates that local authorities must have regard to the protection of these sites in preparing plans and determining planning applications. Currently, only one garden, at Castle Drogo, is on the statutory register but others are under consideration. Dartmoor National Park Authority 38 Local Development Framework: Core Strategy Development Plan Document 2006 - 2026 Adopted Version June 2008 5.4 Archaeology These landscapes are considered to be of international importance, ranking 5.4.1 among the finest archaeological

Archaeological remains are finite landscapes in Europe. PPG15 (Planning Part 5 and easily damaged or destroyed. and the Historic Environment, The resource is irreplaceable and non- paragraph 2.26) states that local renewable and sites above and below planning authorities should take ground remain susceptible to loss and account of the historical dimension of damage. Only a small number of the landscape as a whole rather than archaeological sites are protected as concentrate on selected areas. Plans Scheduled Ancient Monuments; the should protect the most important majority of sites have no statutory components and encourage protection. There are 17,500 items on development that is consistent with the National Park Historic Environment maintaining overall historic character. Record with only 1,206 afforded protection as Scheduled Ancient Policy COR6 Monuments. Archaeological sites and Development will not have an adverse remains that are of local significance impact on the integrity or setting of a are an integral part of the total story Scheduled Ancient Monument or other and are often linked to the protected sites or remains considered to be of sites and remains. The Authority will national archaeological importance. consult English Heritage on proposals Locally important archaeological sites likely to affect statutory sites and will also be protected. monuments; and it will seek to protect Environment and Heritage: 5.4 Archaeology non-statutory sites.

5.4.2 The desirability of protecting an archaeological site and its setting will be a material consideration in determining a planning application. If there is sufficient evidence that archaeological remains may exist on a site, the Authority will request applicants to commission an evaluation and submit a report prior to determination of a planning application. If it is not possible to preserve non- statutory remains in situ, archaeological investigation and recording may be an acceptable alternative. In that event, the Authority will use a planning condition or legal agreement to ensure that satisfactory action takes place prior to development.

5.4.3 Dartmoor is remarkable not only for the number of sites and features that survive, it also contains extensive, complex and integrated archaeological landscapes that illustrate the ways in which people have lived and worked over time. During the development of the Vision for Moorland Dartmoor (see paragraphs 5.2.5 & 5.2.7), fourteen Premier Archaeological Landscapes were identified.

Dartmoor National Park Authority Local Development Framework: Core Strategy Development Plan Document 2006 - 2026 Adopted Version 39 June 2008 5.5 Biodiversity and The international importance of the National Park for biodiversity is geological conservation reflected in Action for Wildlife:

Part 5 Dartmoor Biodiversity Action Plan 5.5.1 (BAP), published in February 2001. The conservation and enhancement of The BAP covers species and habitats wildlife is a specific requirement of the of international, national and local first National Park purpose of designation. importance. The Plan will contribute Dartmoor is internationally recognised directly to European diversity targets for its unique and rich wildlife heritage. as well as local targets by implementing Almost 27% of the National Park a series of species and habitat action is defined as a Special Area of plans. Seven habitat action plans and Conservation (SAC) under the Habitats 13 individual species action plans are Directive (92/43/EEC) covering many set out in the BAP covering key habitats habitats and species that are rare or and species. The potential effects of threatened in Europe. The protection development on habitats or species and management of SACs are achieved listed as priorities in the UK Action by a combination of the Habitats Plan the Dartmoor BAP are material Regulations14 and s28 of the Wildlife planning considerations. LDF policies and Countryside Act 1981, as amended should provide protection against by the Countryside and Rights of Way adverse effects of development. Act 2000. There are also 42 Sites The BAP action plans are monitored of Special Scientific Interest (SSSIs) and a five year review of the Plan covering 28,774 ha, four of those has just been completed. sites are National Nature Reserves. These represent a selection of the best 5.5.3 examples of wildlife habitats, geological Some species have special protection features and landforms in England and under UK law and the Habitats form part of a strategic national Regulations 1994. This is usually because network. The National Nature Reserves of their vulnerable conservation status. are valuable for research and education All wild birds are protected along and also offer recreational opportunities. with a wide range of other plants Most of the open moorland of the and animals and there is specific National Park is defined as SSSI, legislation for the protection of and the majority of it is also a SAC. badgers. The presence of a protected The geological and geomorphological species and the extent to which it importance of the National Park is very may be affected by development is Environment and Heritage: 5.5 Biodiversity geological conservation high with many natural rocky outcrops an important planning consideration. and artificial exposures in mines and Where there is a reasonable likelihood quarries. Sites have been identified that a protected species may be present under the Geological Conservation and affected by a proposal, a survey Review, which are accepted as being will need to be undertaken to provide of national interest and they should the evidence needed to allow a be treated as of SSSI status. determination to be made.

5.5.2 5.5.4 The UK Biodiversity Action Plan15 Ancient woodland is a valuable biodiversity was produced in 1994. Its goal is resource and contributes greatly to to ‘conserve and enhance biological the character of the National Park. diversity within the UK and to contribute to the conservation of 14 The Conservation (Natural Habitats &c.) global diversity through all Regulations 1994. S.I. 1994/2716 appropriate mechanisms’. 15 Biodiversity The UK Action Plan, 1994, Cm 2428

Dartmoor National Park Authority 40 Local Development Framework: Core Strategy Development Plan Document 2006 - 2026 Adopted Version June 2008 Covering 2,750ha, these woods make Policy COR7 up 27% of all Dartmoor woodlands. Development proposals will protect, Once ancient woodland has been lost maintain or enhance the biodiversity it cannot be recreated. Likewise, very and geodiversity interests of the Part 5 old (‘veteran’) trees in hedgerows and Dartmoor National Park. Opportunities isolated locations are also valuable will be sought to restore or re-create for biodiversity and as components of habitats or enhance the linkages the landscape. Sites of regional and between them. local importance for biodiversity and geological interest can play a valuable role in helping to meet national targets. They can also provide other benefits such as landscape interest and opportunities for education.

5.5.5 In order to maintain or enhance the characteristic biodiversity of the National Park additional evidence in the form of ecological surveys may be needed to enable planning proposals to be determined. This will be particularly important where there is a reasonable likelihood that a development proposal could affect priority or key habitats or species in the UK Biodiversity Action Plan and the Action for Wildlife: Dartmoor Biodiversity Action Plan, or a SSSI or County Wildlife Site, regionally important geological site, or ancient woodland and veteran trees. Planning conditions or obligations can be used to introduce beneficial biodiversity or geodiversity features or mitigate adverse effects.

5.5.6 The South West Nature Map identifies Environment and Heritage: 5.5 Biodiversity geological conservation the best areas in the south west region to conserve, create and connect wildlife habitats at landscape scale. The Nature Map can be viewed and downloaded at: http://www.swenvo.org.uk/nature_map/ nature_map.asp

In Dartmoor National Park, the following Strategic Nature Areas have been selected: o principal river network o upland heath o neutral grassland o purple moor grass and rush pasture o woodland.

Dartmoor National Park Authority Local Development Framework: Core Strategy Development Plan Document 2006 - 2026 Adopted Version 41 June 2008 5.6 Climate change by details of the measures to be taken to promote energy efficiency, including provision for onsite renewable Sustainability objectives Part 5 energy generation to off-set the total Sustainable resource use carbon emissions of the development. To reduce the consumption of Any external equipment must be non-renewable sources of energy, integrated with the design of the building and not cause unacceptable water and minerals. harm to the amenity of the Sustainable management of flood risk surroundings. Care will be needed To manage flood risks sustainably, to ensure that renewable energy recognising the role of land use in installations or energy efficiency reducing flood risks. measures applied to historic buildings have regard to the quality of the Energy efficiency and sustainable buildings and their local significance. buildings With rapidly increasing prices for 5.6.1 energy, there is a much greater focus Buildings emit a third of the UK’s on energy conservation and sustainable greenhouse gases. Industry and energy generation. transport emissions make up the bulk of the remainder. The Government has 5.6.3 set a target that envisages a cut of 60% Climate change has introduced a degree in carbon emissions by 2050 with real of urgency into the consideration of the progress by 2020. Planning has a major issues of water use, drainage and flood Environment and Heritage: 5.6 Climate change role to play in ensuring that necessary risk. Development techniques that development is undertaken in ways reduce the risk of flooding, maximise that are environmentally friendly and infiltration and do not impede natural play their part in helping to achieve drainage patterns should be the norm. national goals. Development must be undertaken in ways that reduce to a 5.6.4 minimum the production of greenhouse Climate change will continue to have gases during construction and when an impact on Dartmoor. The aim must buildings are in use. Part L of the be to sustain biodiversity, facilitating Building Regulations has been amended adaptation to climate change through to require improved levels of energy the extension of natural networks and efficiency and in December 2006 the improved management of existing areas Code for Sustainable Homes (CSH) was of high biodiversity value. Some of published, which assesses and scores these habitats and species play an new development against a range of important role in mitigating the effects sustainability measures. A consultation of climate change. Trees capture and document16 published at the same time store atmospheric carbon. as the CSH proposed a framework for 16 DCLG (December 2006) Building a making the Code’s energy and carbon Greener Future: Towards Zero Carbon aspects mandatory by April 2008. Development The Government’s commitment17 17 HMG (December 2006) Chancellor’s is that all new homes built from 2016 Pre-Budget Statement 18 will be carbon neutral in ongoing For dwellings: 10 or more houses to be constructed (or if the number is not given, the energy consumption. area is more than 0.5ha). For all other uses: where the floor space will be 1,000sq.m or 5.6.2 more (or site is 1ha or more). The Authority will promote energy The area of a site is that directly involved efficiency in all new development. in some aspect of the development. Floorspace is defined as the sum of the floor 18 A proposal for major development area within the building. (Source: ODPM will be expected to be accompanied Housing and Planning Statistic Unit)

Dartmoor National Park Authority 42 Local Development Framework: Core Strategy Development Plan Document 2006 - 2026 Adopted Version June 2008 Peat deposits also have an important This includes the cumulative effect of part to play in storing large amounts incremental run-off from a number of of greenhouse gases. The extent and developments. A detailed independent continuity of these areas on Dartmoor flood risk assessment will be needed prior Part 5 will be maintained and protected to the determination of any application from damage. where it is considered that further information is needed to adequately assess Policy COR8 on or off-site flood risk or its mitigation. Development should ensure that natural resources are used in efficient 5.6.6 and sustainable ways. This will include Planning Policy Statement (PPS) 2519 the following aims: notes that ‘positive planning has an (i) achieving the highest practicable important role in helping deliver energy efficiency by addressing sustainable development and applying such factors as location, orientation, the Government’s policy on flood risk layout, design and high standards management’. Local planning authorities of insulation; are expected to prepare strategies to (ii) realising the potential for the help deliver sustainable development by: generation of on-site renewable o appraising risk - principally through energy, unless impracticable because the preparation of Strategic Flood of technical or environmental reasons. Risk Assessments o Major development will be expected managing risk - by framing and applying policies to avoid flood

to provide on-site renewable energy Environment and Heritage: 5.6 Climate change generation equipment to off-set at risk to people and property o least 20% of the predicted carbon reducing risk - safeguarding land emissions of the development; required for flood management (iii) incorporating sustainable drainage purposes and by reducing flood risk and water conservation systems; to and from new development (iv) having no adverse effects on through location, layout and design o drainage patterns or flood adopting a partnership approach - storage capacity; working effectively with the Environment Agency and other (v) minimising waste and facilitating relevant authorities and stakeholders. recycling; Strategic Flood Risk Assessment (SFRA) (vi) providing opportunities for the has been carried out in the National Park. beneficial management of strategic The SFRA will define the ‘strategic drivers’ nature areas and other habitats and that indicate when it is desirable to species to promote adaptation to apply the exceptions test in PPS25. climate change and to sustain their Evidence from the SFRA will assist in the contribution to the mitigation of preparation of the Generic Development climate change. Control and Site Specific Policies DPD. The Environment Agency is preparing Flooding - protection and prevention Catchment Flood Management Plans 5.6.5 (CFMPs) and these will provide more The Authority will act to prevent information on the sustainable development, including the management of flood risk at a catchment redevelopment of existing sites, in level. CFMPs for South Devon and locations that would be at risk of Tamar catchments have been completed. flooding or where it would increase the level of flooding elsewhere by reducing 19 DCLG (December 2006) Planning Policy the storage capacity of floodplains or Statement 25 Development and Flood Risk would impede the flow of flood water. (PPS25) HMSO. Section 14.

Dartmoor National Park Authority Local Development Framework: Core Strategy Development Plan Document 2006 - 2026 Adopted Version 43 June 2008 Policy COR9 acceptable and are able to be employed in Through application of the sequential a wide range of locations. Water power test, development will not be located has played a big part in providing energy where it would be at risk of flooding or Part 5 for a wide variety of uses on Dartmoor, where it would lead to increased flood such as tin ore crushing, corn grinding, risk in other places. In exceptional sawing timber and electricity generation. circumstances, development which does not satisfy the sequential test will be The Authority encourages investigation permitted in flood risk areas when: of ways in which this sustainable energy (i) there is sufficient benefit, and there resource can be sympathetically exploited. are no suitable locations of lower Small scale hydro-generators are flood risk; and also available, and there are many (ii) it can be shown that appropriate opportunities in the National Park flood protection and resistance for such plant to be brought into use. measures can be incorporated; and Photovoltaic panels provide another (iii)a sustainable drainage system, way in which natural energy can be designed to a high standard, converted to forms suitable for domestic can be secured through conditions. uses. The increasing power and efficiency Renewable energy of modern energy generation plant means 5.6.7 that there is often ‘spare’ energy which One significant way of reducing the can be sold to local supply networks. amount of carbon dioxide gas released These contributions, whilst small, will to the atmosphere is to promote the help in some way to achieve the regional generation and use of renewable target for renewable energy production. The woodland of the National Park is

Environment and Heritage: 5.6 Climate change energy. This cuts down the amount of greenhouse gases being produced. another resource that is becoming more As an area of high ground in the region, important in terms of energy supply. the Dartmoor National Park is well The added bonus is that higher demand placed to assist in the achievement for wood fuel leads to greater input to of the regional target for renewable woodland management. Whilst wood energy generation. The target for burning releases carbon dioxide, it is the South West region to 2010 from carbon neutral and modern wood chip all sources is 563-673Mw representing boilers are very efficient. With all energy the energy needs of 623,250 homes20. generation proposals, development should The figure for Devon is 151Mw (155,750 not result in adverse effects on the natural homes). However, the extent to which beauty, wildlife or cultural heritage of the potential of the National Park the National Park or its special qualities. for renewable energy generation can be exploited is limited by the special Policy COR10 landscape characteristics of the area. Small-scale renewable energy schemes Protection of the special qualities of will be considered favourably, subject to the National Park means that wind there being no over-riding environmental farms, large scale hydro-generation and amenity considerations. Large scale plant or biomass energy systems renewable energy schemes which would would generally not be appropriate. compromise the objectives of National Park designation will not be supported. 5.6.8 Where there are other renewable Small scale generation (micro-generation) energy schemes in operation in the of renewable energy to supply the needs area, the cumulative effect of additional of individual properties or a small development will be an important factor community should normally be to be taken into consideration. acceptable, subject to environmental impacts. Small scale wind turbines and 20 Revision 2010 Establishing County/Sub-Regional other types of wind generator are now Targets for Renewable Electricity Development very efficient and environmentally to 2010 (June 2004) GOSW/SWRA

Dartmoor National Park Authority 44 Local Development Framework: Core Strategy Development Plan Document 2006 - 2026 Adopted Version June 2008 5.7 Tranquillity In a world which is becoming increasingly noisy and complex, the sense of peace and tranquillity, sought Sustainability objectives after by so many, is becoming rarer. Part 5 Landscape and environment Wildness, tranquillity and dark night skies To protect the special qualities are fragile resources easily diminished. and natural beauty of the Dartmoor National Park. 5.7.3 The social benefits which flow from a Dartmoor National Park’s special qualities beautiful and tranquil landscape are 5.7.1 considerable, and so are the economic The appreciation of landscape is benefits. Tourism revenue forms a composed of a wide range of visual, major component of the Dartmoor ecological, and cultural elements. economy. These benefits must be One of those components is the sense balanced against any adverse effects of tranquillity, which for many people on the National Park’s special qualities. is not just absence of noise but There are other factors that impinge a mix of experiences of natural and on Dartmoor’s tranquillity - road traffic semi-natural habitats, natural sounds noise, aircraft noise (domestic and and varied landscape elements. military flights), military training, Dartmoor is experienced as a ‘wild’ light pollution to name just a few. landscape, one with national and Thoughtful management, planning Environment and Heritage: 5.7 Tranquillity internationally important qualities. and investment in appropriate It provides physical and spiritual mitigation measures should be applied relaxation for large numbers of people; to help conserve and enhance the residents and visitors still find peace, wildlife, natural beauty and cultural solitude and enjoyment in harmony heritage of the National Park and with the landscape and with each other. to sustain its special qualities. The wildness and peace of the open moor with extensive dark night skies Policy COR11 help give Dartmoor its unique The Authority will seek to sustain qualities as a place of inspiration and Dartmoor as a place that continues to refreshment. National mapping of offer a sense of tranquillity to residents, tranquillity undertaken by CPRE21 in those who work in the National Park 2006 shows that Dartmoor National Park is the single largest unbroken area and those who visit it. of tranquillity in southern England.

5.7.2 The special qualities of Dartmoor that are defined in the National Park Management Plan in great measure focus on different aspects of tranquillity. Those ‘tranquillity’ qualities are: o peace and quiet o remoteness o solitude o unspoilt natural beauty o wide open spaces.

21 Campaign to Protect Rural England (CPRE) (October 2006) Saving tranquil places. How to protect and promote a vital asset.

Dartmoor National Park Authority Local Development Framework: Core Strategy Development Plan Document 2006 - 2026 Adopted Version 45 June 2008 Social Well-Being 5.8 Sustainable

Part 5 Sustainability objectives Community health, safety and well-being communities To safeguard and improve community health, safety and well-being. 5.8.1 Village Centres The Government has proposed a set To strengthen the role of the classified of characteristic features of sustainable settlements to reduce the amount that communities. These features are not people need to travel. definitive; communities are diverse Inclusiveness and participation and there can be no one template To take account of the needs of all that suits all. However, the following sectors of the community in the planning characteristics command wide support: and design of new development. o active, inclusive and safe - fair, tolerant and cohesive with a strong local culture and other Core Strategic Aim - shared community activities Local Services and Facilities o well run - with effective and To assist in the provision of local inclusive participation, services and facilities in such a way as representation and leadership to promote community welfare without o environmentally sensitive - providing harm to the local environment and to places for people to live that are Social Well-Being: 5.8 Sustainable communities Social Well-Being: retain existing services and facilities wherever feasible. considerate of the environment o well designed and built - featuring Core Strategic Aim - Housing quality built and natural environment Actively to encourage and promote o well connected - with good transport affordable housing to meet the services and communication linking needs of local communities, in the people to jobs, schools, health and Local Centres and Rural Settlements, other services whilst resisting residential development o thriving - with a flourishing and where it would be damaging to diverse local economy National Park purposes. o well served - with public, private, Core Strategic Aim - Employment community and voluntary services To assist in the provision of local that are appropriate to people’s employment and business needs and accessible to all opportunities, particularly in the o fair for everyone - including those Local Centres, and in the diversification in other communities, now and in of the rural economy in ways that the future. are beneficial to the National Park and its community. These characteristics are as applicable to the small towns and villages of Dartmoor as they are to larger urban centres. They also reflect the themes coming from the community strategies that cover the National Park. (See section 2.11)

Dartmoor National Park Authority 46 Local Development Framework: Core Strategy Development Plan Document 2006 - 2026 Adopted Version June 2008 Infrastructure, community facilities unsuitable premises and had become and public services unviable. A local landowner agreed 5.8.2 to put forward a site and funding

Within Dartmoor, the dispersed was secured for a new purpose built Part 5 settlement pattern shows strong facility with disabled access, which also functional linkages between towns and included a small café to help support villages and the communities living in turnover. At Hennock, a small village their rural hinterlands. The settlements struggling to maintain its shop, P.O. and on the periphery of the National Park, pub, the shop and P.O. were relocated such as Ashburton and Yelverton, located into part of the public house, using a in close proximity to the major road separate entrance, thereby allowing each network, look towards the cities and service to support the other and providing larger towns around the National Park. a community IT facility as a bonus. However, they still continue to function as important service centres for their Policy COR12 local communities and the surrounding The Authority will seek to sustain area. The gateway towns, such as Bovey and improve the range and quality of Tracey, Ivybridge and Tavistock offer community services and facilities that wide ranges of services and community are essential to the vitality of Dartmoor’s facilities that help provide for the needs local communities. of Dartmoor’s communities. Accessibility and design 5.8.3 5.8.4 In order to sustain the well-being of the

People with disabilities or special needs 5.8 Sustainable communities Social Well-Being: communities in Dartmoor’s settlements should not be disadvantaged by reduced and within the deeper rural areas, it is access to facilities and services such as important to support and encourage shopping, transport, leisure, parking and the retention and improvement of employment. These needs should be community facilities and services with borne in mind in the planning and design important local roles. While Dartmoor of all development, especially where it is could not be expected to provide the to serve or will be used by the public. entire range of social and community opportunities that people expect, the 5.8.5 more that can be provided locally will Proposals to develop land or change the add considerably to the sustainability use of buildings provide an opportunity of the National Park communities. to create a more accessible environment. Loss of local shops and other services For example, wider pavements, dropped will lower community sustainability kerbs, textured surfacing, correcting and these effects are felt more keenly adverse cambers, and disabled parking in the smaller villages. While it is provision formed part of the work difficult to continue to offer services to enhance the centre of Ashburton; where patronage levels are low and at Becky Falls a new footbridge over the costs relatively high, every effort should River Bovey was designed to be easy to use be made to investigate how services by wheelchair bound people. Reasonable could be sustained before decisions on adjustments to the physical features of changes of use are made. Even where development can make it more amenable services are lost there is scope to to wheelchair users, other people with maintain provision through innovative disabilities or mobility problems, and those or alternative means, such as mobile with young children. Amendments to services, home deliveries or community the procedures for submitting planning shops. For example, the Authority applications mean that from June 2006, supported the provision of a new village design and access statements must be shop and café in Holne, to replace a submitted with all applications except former shop that was located in householder applications. Dartmoor National Park Authority Local Development Framework: Core Strategy Development Plan Document 2006 - 2026 Adopted Version 47 June 2008 The statements will address access and design matters, including the provision for disabled access and use. Part 5 Policy COR13 Development proposals should, by virtue of their location and physical features, meet the highest standards of accessibility and design.

Infrastructure for new development 5.8.6 New development intended to meet the needs of the communities within the National Park will itself put extra demands on existing infrastructure, such as schools, recreational facilities and highways. All new development should make an appropriate provision to offset the additional pressures it has created so that the quality of life of local people is maintained or enhanced.

Policy COR14 Social Well-Being: 5.8 Sustainable communities Social Well-Being: Development proposals will only be approved where adequate infrastructure, public transport, services and facilities are in place or available or where acceptable arrangements are in place to provide for any shortfall.

Dartmoor National Park Authority 48 Local Development Framework: Core Strategy Development Plan Document 2006 - 2026 Adopted Version June 2008 5.9 Affordable housing 5.9.2 The age structure of the National Park for local needs population is similar to that of the

County as a whole, but with slightly Part 5 Sustainability objectives fewer young adults. (See Table 2) Housing Future demographic trends in the National To ensure that all of the National Park’s Park are expected to reflect those of the residents have access to good quality South West region and Devon County, affordable housing. with higher proportions of people in the higher age groups. Figures for the County Core Strategic Aim - Housing show the percentage of those people over Actively to encourage and promote retirement age rising steadily from 21.0% affordable housing to meet the needs of in 2001 to 23.2% in 2011, to 27.2% in local communities, in the Local Centres 2021. This change will have implications and Rural Settlements, whilst resisting for the types of housing needed, for residential development where it would instance, more sheltered accommodation. A gradual reduction in household size is be damaging to National Park purposes. also likely to increase housing demand Population and age structure - in 1991 there were 2.33 persons per 5.9.1 household; this had fallen to 2.29 persons The 2001 Census showed that there per household in 2001. Assuming the were 33,550 residents in the Dartmoor population grows in accordance with the National Park, a 3.9% increase on the projections in Table 1 and there is a linear population in 1991. The population reduction in household size down to projections for the National Park are 2.23 in 2016, there would be a need to indicated in Table 1, below: accommodate 753 new households in the National Park between 2001 and 2016.

Table 1: Population projections to 2021 - Dartmoor National Park Social Well-Being: 5.9 Affordable housing for local needs 5.9 Affordable Social Well-Being:

Year 2004 2005 2006 2011 2016 2021

Population 33,853 34,054 34,224 34,624 35,230 35,299

Increase on 2001 figure +0.9% +1.5% +2.0% +3.2% +5.0% +5.2% Source: DCC CIS [Data based on parish populations adjusted to the Registrar General’s mid-year estimates.]

Table 2: Age structure - Dartmoor National Park and Devon County - 2001

Age Range Dartmoor National Park Devon County

0-4 4.8 4.9

5-15 13.9 13.2

16-29 11.7 14.7

30-44 20.2 19.7

45-retirement 29.4 26.6

retirement-84 17.2 18.0

85+ 2.8 3.0 Source: 2001 Census - Office for National Statistics (ONS)

Dartmoor National Park Authority Local Development Framework: Core Strategy Development Plan Document 2006 - 2026 Adopted Version 49 June 2008 Residential development Figure 1 indicates a potential overshoot 5.9.3 of around 80 units. However, the actual The Government’s key housing policy rates of housing provision will be

Part 5 goal is to ensure that everyone has the influenced by levels of identified local opportunity of living in a decent home, housing need over the period, the which they can afford, in a community responsiveness of housing delivery mechanisms in catering for it and where they want to live22. The specific environmentally acceptable sites outcomes that the planning system is coming forward. expected to deliver are: o high quality housing that is well- 5.9.5 designed and built to a high standard Table 3 shows that of the 449 new o a mix of housing, both market and dwellings build since April 2001, 28% affordable, particularly in terms of were affordable dwellings to meet the tenure and price, to support a wide needs of local people unable to afford variety of households in all areas, open market housing. There are even both urban and rural lower levels of affordable dwellings among the houses under construction o a sufficient quantity of housing at March 2006 and unimplemented taking into account need and demand permissions for dwellings. RPG10 and seeking to improve choice Regional Planning Guidance for the o housing developments in suitable South West (now the interim RSS) looked locations, which offer a good range to the provision of around 30-50% of all of community facilities and with residential development being affordable good access to jobs, key services housing for local needs. The draft RSS and infrastructure states that local planning authorities o a flexible, responsive supply of land should routinely require more than – managed in a way that makes 30% housing provided annually to be affordable but recognises that 60% or efficient and effective use of land, Social Well-Being: 5.9 Affordable housing for local needs 5.9 Affordable Social Well-Being: greater may be appropriate in areas of including re-use of previously- greatest need. It is clear that extra effort developed land, where appropriate. will be needed to reach that figure, including a shift in established policies. 5.9.4 The Devon Structure Plan anticipates 5.9.6 that the application of Local Plan policies The pattern of residential development within the National Park will result in in Dartmoor in the recent past shows a about 900 dwellings within the period concentration of development in the 2001-2016. This is equivalent to an larger settlements. (See Figure 2, opposite.) annual development rate of 60 units per The residential development that has year intended to meet local social and taken place outside the classified economic needs only and not to provide settlements has, for the most part, for general open market demand. resulted from the provision of farm The draft Regional Spatial Strategy gives workers’ dwellings or from the conversion an estimated strictly local needs housing of existing buildings (e.g. redundant hotels provision for the Dartmoor National Park and barns) in the smaller hamlets or in the of 50 units per year between 2006 and open countryside. 2026. The housing trajectory (Figure 1, opposite) shows the actual and estimated rates of provision compared with the indicative Devon Structure Plan and draft Regional Spatial Strategy figures.

22 DCLG (November 2006) Planning Policy Statement (PPS) 3. Housing Paragraphs 8 & 9.

Dartmoor National Park Authority 50 Local Development Framework: Core Strategy Development Plan Document 2006 - 2026 Adopted Version June 2008 Figure 1: Dartmoor National Park Housing Trajectory 2001-2026 Part 5

Table 3: Housing provision - Dartmoor National Park (March 2006)

Dwellings provision within the Dartmoor National Park

Dwellings built in period April 2001 - March 2006 449 (126 of these being affordable dwellings for local needs)

Dwellings under construction at March 2006 229 Social Well-Being: 5.9 Affordable housing for local needs 5.9 Affordable Social Well-Being: Unimplemented extant planning permissions at March 2006 301 (31 of these being affordable dwellings for local needs)

Total provision at March 2006 979

Devon Structure Plan indicative provision from April 2001 to March 2016 900

Source: DNPA planning records

Figure 2: Approvals given for dwellings by location April 2001 - March 2006

Source: DNPA planning records

Dartmoor National Park Authority Local Development Framework: Core Strategy Development Plan Document 2006 - 2026 Adopted Version 51 June 2008 Meeting housing need 5.9.9 5.9.7 Annex B of PPS3 provides definitions of In view of the limited opportunities ‘affordable housing’, those definitions

Part 5 to cater for new housing development in are set out in Annex 2: Glossary of Terms. ways that do not harm the National Park The Dartmoor National Park Local Plan: environment, it is essential that great First Review offers scope for the care is applied to ensure that where development of a specific model of new housing development is permitted intermediate affordable housing, in the future it will provide the right in which a local occupancy tie is attached mix of housing types, sizes and tenures to size-restricted properties along with to meet the needs of the National Park’s a requirement that rent or sale prices communities. Open market properties should be deflated by 25% in relation form the bulk of the property market to the market price of the property on Dartmoor and there is strong market with the occupancy condition attached. demand for properties in the National Registered social landlords provide Park. This has fuelled the increases in the shared ownership/equity type properties local property market. In particular, smaller within Dartmoor National Park but the properties have become increasingly Authority seeks to restrict staircasing to unaffordable for local people even on ownership of 80% of the equity. It is average incomes. At the same time, access essential that affordable housing remains to social rented and intermediate housing affordable and available to people in is limited. Hence, this strategy proposes perpetuity and that secure arrangements a strong priority for the provision of are in place to achieve this. affordable housing for local needs in the National Park. 5.9.10 The housing needs of key or essential 5.9.8 workers fall within the definition of local The National Park contains four separate housing needs. The accommodation housing authorities, which provide the needs of gypsies and travellers are also

Social Well-Being: 5.9 Affordable housing for local needs 5.9 Affordable Social Well-Being: National Park Authority with valuable recognised as local housing needs and advice on the nature and extent of local a survey has been carried out in Devon housing need. Data provided by the to assess the level of need. There are constituent housing authorities in the other more specific accommodation National Park in 2006 suggested an unmet needs relating to the more vulnerable need of 230 units. An assessment for the members of society - such as the elderly, Plymouth Housing Market Area (HMA), the homeless, young people and which includes those parts of West Devon learning disabled. and South Hams inside the National Park, was published in November 2006. Housing affordability and accessibility An assessment for the Exeter and Torbay 5.9.11 Housing Market Area, which includes the As elsewhere in the country, house rest of the National Park, was published prices on Dartmoor continue to rise in the summer of 2007. The assessments rapidly. Average house prices on provide additional information on the Dartmoor have grown at around 12.8% level and nature of local housing need. per annum since 1995. The growth in The Plymouth HMA concluded that England and Wales has been slightly affordable housing need across the sub lower at 11.3% per annum. This higher region is between 1.4 and 2.4 times the rate of increase has resulted in the amount of average provision proposed Dartmoor average house price now in the draft RSS. The main conclusions being greater than the national average of the Plymouth HMA in so far as they - £220,659 in the National Park compared relate to the National Park are contained to £190,760 in England and Wales (2004). in paragraphs 5.9.12 and 5.9.13. Table 4 shows the comparative costs of a range of house types. Dartmoor National Park Authority 52 Local Development Framework: Core Strategy Development Plan Document 2006 - 2026 Adopted Version June 2008 Table 4: Average prices of houses 2005 - Dartmoor, England & Wales

Dartmoor England & Wales Part 5

Detached £315,719 £299,378

Semi-Detached £201,973 £176,030

Terraced £167,551 £152,977

Flat/Maisonette* £122,402 £150,692

* Figures based on a small number of properties Source: Land Registry

Work done for the Plymouth HMA o providing a mix of house types, but shows that the stock of small units, particularly small units, is needed in flats, maisonettes and terraced houses both market and social sectors, but in the West Devon/ South Hams part for those seeking affordable housing of Dartmoor is very low, at 24 % of all the focus is on two or three stock. This figure is only just over half bedroom accommodation the national level of 45%. o 90% of newly forming households 5.9.12 are unable to purchase the cheapest The Plymouth HMA looked at incomes two bedroom terraced home o and access to housing. For existing the small private rented sector is households living in the DNP part of impacted by holiday lettings o the Plymouth HMA, 14.6% had incomes affordable housing targets as high below £10,000. The total proportion as those suggested in the draft RSS earning below the average UK household (60% or greater) for areas of

income (£27,500) was 57.9%. In newly greatest need could be justified housing for local needs 5.9 Affordable Social Well-Being: forming households, 47.4% had incomes o low site thresholds are needed if below £10,000 meaning that social there is to be any real contribution rented housing would be the only option. from the market sector to delivering The cheapest entry level property across affordable housing. the study area requires an income of £25,300, and with 67.1% of newly Location and type of housing provision forming households having incomes 5.9.14 of less than £20,000, their ability to The conclusions of the Housing Market access the local market is very limited. Assessments along with the views of the Access to rental property was also local housing authorities will advise on the nature of the housing that will best examined and it was found that flats meet local needs. Parish based housing required an income of £16,200 (one bed) needs surveys carried out in conjunction to £29,300 (two bed) in south Dartmoor. with the appropriate local housing A two bed terraced property in Dartmoor authority and/or rural housing enabler north would require an income of at least will continue to be important in £24,200, and income of up to £36,200 providing further detailed information would be needed to rent a three bed at the local level across the National terraced house. Park. The Authority will regard up to date surveys of the Local Centres as 5.9.13 priorities in advising the preparation The Plymouth HMA pointed to of the Generic Development Control some strategic housing issues for the and Site Specific Policies DPD. National Park which should be addressed:

Dartmoor National Park Authority Local Development Framework: Core Strategy Development Plan Document 2006 - 2026 Adopted Version 53 June 2008 5.9.15 National guidance23 makes it clear that Because of the environmental constraints local planning authorities in rural areas that apply across the National Park, it may adopt a rural exception site policy

Part 5 will not be possible to cater for all locally solely for the provision of affordable arising housing demand or indeed need. housing for local needs. The Authority There is clear evidence through the has used an exception policy for a Plymouth HMA that there is a large number of years, which has provided unmet need for affordable housing a steady flow of affordable units and across the sub region. The housing will continue to use such a policy. policy in the LDF should be focused on providing for affordable housing to 5.9.18 meet needs from within the National The appropriate conversion or Park from those unable to access subdivision of suitable buildings housing on the open market. As a will continue to provide a mechanism result, new opportunities for open for the provision of new dwellings. market housing development will be The use of previously developed land limited and will be restricted to the Local where this is appropriate and available Centres, where it will help in the delivery is favoured. However, the Authority of affordable housing for local needs. will adopt a cautionary approach to ensure that local amenity is not 5.9.16 adversely affected by the subdivision In targeting provision toward meeting of gardens and that no harm is local needs for affordable housing, caused to the historic, archaeological, the Authority recognises that there biodiversity or geological conservation will need to be a balance in provision qualities of brownfield sites. The between social rented and intermediate Authority is conscious that brownfield housing. Overall it is anticipated that a sites in built-up areas have the potential high proportion of affordable housing to provide wildlife corridor links or can provided will be social rented. Such be turned into natural green areas and

Social Well-Being: 5.9 Affordable housing for local needs 5.9 Affordable Social Well-Being: housing will be available to a greater they may also provide an opportunity proportion of people who have housing to grant access to open space within needs and who cannot access open built up areas. They may also in the market housing. It is expected that interests of an individual community around 70% of affordable housing will be better used to meet a need for a be social rented provided by registered community facility or business use social landlords with the remainder rather than to provide housing. being intermediate. However, the Authority recognises that the nature of the local need will differ between settlements and there should be flexibility to vary the relative proportions of social/intermediate housing on a site by site basis with the benefit of advice from the local housing authority.

5.9.17 New housing should be located on appropriate sites principally within and adjoining the Local Centres and to a lesser extent the Rural Settlements. The Local Centres are expected to accommodate at least 60% of all new housing development during 23 DCLG (November 2006) Planning Policy the period of this Strategy. Statement (PPS) 3. Housing Dartmoor National Park Authority 54 Local Development Framework: Core Strategy Development Plan Document 2006 - 2026 Adopted Version June 2008 Policy COR15 Outside Local Centres and Rural The Authority will work with the local Settlements, housing development housing authorities to provide for the will be restricted to that serving the housing needs of communities within the proven needs of agriculture and forestry Part 5 Dartmoor National Park, with a strong or other essential rural businesses, priority for the provision of affordable or through the appropriate conversion housing to meet identified local needs. of rural buildings to meet identified local needs for affordable housing. The rate, number, type and location of houses provided during the period of this Strategy will be dictated by the extent and nature of local need identified by the local housing authority, housing market assessments and parish housing needs surveys, and by the ability of each community to absorb development satisfactorily without harm to the local environment. It will have regard to the levels of development anticipated in the emerging Regional Spatial Strategy (50 per year between 2006 and 2026), which is an estimate of provision against local needs only.

Housing development will be targeted at providing affordable housing for local needs within and adjoining the Local Centres and Rural Settlements. Around 70% of this development should be social rented housing provided by housing for local needs 5.9 Affordable Social Well-Being: registered social landlords with the balance being intermediate housing, though the precise split will be determined on a site by site basis. A rural exception site policy will be used where that is the best option. The provision of open market housing will be restricted to sites within Local Centres in circumstances where its provision will facilitate affordable housing on previously developed land or where it will be provided through building conversion/sub-division or where such development will facilitate significant environmental or community benefits. The proportion of affordable housing in such developments will be not less than 50%. However, in exceptional circumstances, the proportion of affordable housing required may be varied where this is necessary to enable development of significant environmental or community benefit to proceed.

Dartmoor National Park Authority Local Development Framework: Core Strategy Development Plan Document 2006 - 2026 Adopted Version 55 June 2008 5.10 Social inclusion provision for the specific needs of those groups. Within the Dartmoor National Park, only 3.25% of the resident

Part 5 Sustainability objectives population is composed of the black Inclusiveness and participation and minority ethnic groups or other To take account of the needs of all non-British national groups. Those with long term health problems, refugees, sectors of the community in the planning gypsy and traveller groups, and young and design of new development. people leaving care are also likely to Community health, safety and well-being feel excluded from a range of social To safeguard and improve community opportunities. There are other groups health, safety and well-being. that whilst being higher in number still experience a lack of provision for needs, 5.10.1 for example the physically disabled People expect to be treated fairly and and those suffering long term illness, to be able to participate fully in society. teenagers, the very old or those Social exclusion occurs where individuals with no access to private transport. are prevented from participating in any The needs of disabled people for access of the key economic, social and political to social and community facilities and activities of the society in which they access to the countryside will need to Social Well-Being: 5.10 Social inclusion Social Well-Being: live. It occurs when people face a be addressed in very specific ways. combination of linked problems such as unemployment, low incomes, poor 5.10.4 skills, poor quality housing, poor health, The draft RSS expects local development high crime rates and family breakdown. documents to set clear objectives and determine priorities to address equality 5.10.2 and diversity issues and to promote Although the Dartmoor National Park the diversity of communities as a key appears to be a relatively wealthy area regional asset. For this strategy, the with low levels of unemployment, there social exclusion objectives are: are certain external factors which operate o the development and refinement on different groups of people within the of an evidence base relating to National Park resulting in social exclusion. social exclusion In the Government’s Indices of Multiple o Deprivation (2004), 78% of the ‘super overcoming those deficiencies in output areas’ (a geographical division provision that are capable of being reflecting wards or combinations of addressed through the spatial wards) in the National Park were in the planning process most deprived quartile in the ‘barriers o improving access to services, facilities to housing and services’ domain. and opportunities through a mix of Within the National Park, high house conventional and innovative measures. prices, a limited supply of social housing and a poor public transport network Priorities will focus on provision for means that it is difficult for many people needs associated with the elderly and to afford appropriate housing and younger (specifically, teenager) age gain access to services and facilities. groups, people suffering from mental The extra costs this imposes on or physical disability, and those needs households has a more adverse effect originating with black and minority on those on low incomes. ethnic groups and traveller and gypsy communities. It is particularly important 5.10.3 to obtain reliable data on such ‘hard to Social exclusion may come about reach’ groups in order to know more because of small numbers in particular clearly what is needed and how it social or ethnic groups with lack of might be supplied. Dartmoor National Park Authority 56 Local Development Framework: Core Strategy Development Plan Document 2006 - 2026 Adopted Version June 2008 Research has been undertaken on the Policy COR16 needs of gypsies and traveller groups in In drafting spatial development and Devon. The survey indicated a need for transport policies for the Dartmoor

226 pitches across the county by 2011. National Park, the Authority will seek Part 5 The National Park was not specifically to ensure that those policies take into identified to provide any sites. account the needs of and effect on minority or vulnerable groups and those with special 5.10.5 needs. The Authority will work with other The socio-economic ‘object of duty’ partners and stakeholders to ensure that of the National Park authorities is to social inclusion is addressed effectively ‘seek to foster the economic and social within the Dartmoor National Park wellbeing of local communities’ within the National Park. This duty is to be including support for and promotion of undertaken through cooperation and appropriate development schemes and partnership with the appropriate community and neighbourhood initiatives. agencies. In seeking to reduce levels of social exclusion through spatial planning, the Authority will depend strongly on information and assistance from other bodies, in particular the Social Well-Being: 5.10 Social inclusion Social Well-Being: local strategic partnerships, the Primary Care Trusts, the Community Council of Devon and the Councils for Voluntary Service. A wide range of voluntary community and social enterprise initiatives are active in the National Park. The Authority will work in partnership with those bodies to ensure the greatest benefits for Dartmoor’s local communities. Through joint working with the local housing authority, extra accommodation for homeless young people has been facilitated at South Brent, and work with the Children and Young People’s Service and local associations has enabled new facilities for young people to be provided at Buckfastleigh, Moretonhampstead and Princetown.

Dartmoor National Park Authority Local Development Framework: Core Strategy Development Plan Document 2006 - 2026 Adopted Version 57 June 2008 5.11 Health and well-being The Authority has a statutory duty to promote the public’s understanding and enjoyment of the National Park’s

Part 5 Sustainability objectives special qualities. Community health, safety and well-being To safeguard and improve community 5.11.3 health, safety and well-being. Households have varying needs at different stages in life. For families with young children, child care facilities, 5.11.1 good access to schools and safe opportunities for play and recreation Spatial planning has an important are needed. Other families will be role to play in helping to provide looking for good opportunities for communities with the facilities needed outdoor recreation activities or social for healthy, safe and satisfying life styles. and cultural pursuits. At the other end The community strategies that cover of peoples’ lives, the services necessary the Dartmoor National Park set out to sustain own home living, good access the expectations that local people arrangements for those with special have in the areas of: needs, and opportunities for sheltered o healthy living and access housing, residential and nursing homes to healthcare will become increasingly important. o caring communities and the 5.11.4 reduction of isolation Social Well-Being: 5.11 Health and well-being Social Well-Being: Helping local communities to improve o leisure and recreation their health and well being requires o achieving even safer places to live, a good evidence base of what is promoting community safety needed, effective responses and o the reduction of litter and vandalism good cooperation between the public, o the reduction of waste and pollution. private, voluntary and community sectors. Partnership working can help 5.11.2 deliver the wide range of local services The National Park is well placed to and resources that communities need provide for a wide range of activities, to maintain their sustainability. including walking, riding and cycling, Voluntary bodies, such as recreational that can help in enabling people to trusts, sports associations, and village achieve physical and mental well-being. hall committees, provide many of Dartmoor has over 50,000 hectares of the services, facilities and amenities open countryside and 450 miles (730 km) enjoyed by local communities. Many of public rights of way, with many other public, private and statutory bodies opportunities for cyclists on designated are also important contributors to the cycle tracks, byways and bridleways. promotion of healthy, safe and well- Advice is available to help and served communities. The Authority has encourage those persons who are worked with a number of communities disabled, less mobile or who have young to help provide new or redesigned children, to relax and enjoy the peace village halls, offering a wider range and quiet of the Dartmoor countryside. of services and facilities than the The woodland resources of the National traditional village hall. There is also Park offer many opportunities for a range of voluntary community the public to visit and enjoy quiet development groups across Dartmoor, recreation. The establishment of new such as the Moretonhampstead native woodland can feature within Partnership Committee and the wider 'green infrastructure' frameworks High Moorland Community Action that increase the amenity and Group at Princetown. recreational opportunity in local areas.

Dartmoor National Park Authority 58 Local Development Framework: Core Strategy Development Plan Document 2006 - 2026 Adopted Version June 2008 The Authority works in partnership with Central government will support this these and others to help new community LAA process by relaxing some of its rules facilities become established. There are and regulations concerning funding and various bodies, such as the Community performance targets. The Government Part 5 Council of Devon and the Councils for intends to introduce new area based Voluntary Service, which can advise LAA grants in 2008. These will no and help strengthen the services that longer be focused on specific funding the voluntary and community sector for specific targets but will provide area can provide. based LAA grant to address all the targets agreed with central government 5.11.5 Providing for the health and well-being Policy COR17 of communities covers a wide range of The Authority will work in partnership initiatives; for example, the provision with local communities, local of traffic calming schemes, support for authorities, public agencies and community health facilities, and the private, voluntary and community development of neighbourhood play bodies to sustain and enhance those areas for children all fall within this theme. Local initiatives, such as parish local services, facilities and resources plans and village appraisals, can help needed for safe, satisfying and healthy identify what is needed. The review life styles. of the community strategies by local strategic partnerships will also highlight

the concerns of local communities. 5.11 Health and well-being Social Well-Being: The environmental health services of local councils are key partners, providing advice on food, housing standards, health and safety, air quality, noise and other environmental issues. These services play an important role in improving the health and quality of life of individuals and communities and, along with NHS primary care trusts, in reducing health inequalities. In a sustainable community, people should feel safe and secure. The prevention of crime and the enhancement of community safety are now explicit planning objectives (see policy COR1(c) and section 5.3.2).

5.11.6 Local Area Agreements (LAAs) are a new element in the Government’s policy for improving local services. At their heart, LAAs aim to: o secure local solutions to local issues; o join up public services; o simplify government funding streams. LAAs will allow local authorities and their partners, through the LSPs, to tackle local priorities and deliver local services through the pooling and aligning of funding from central government. Dartmoor National Park Authority Local Development Framework: Core Strategy Development Plan Document 2006 - 2026 Adopted Version 59 June 2008 Economy and transport

5.12.2

Part 5 Sustainability objectives Although the National Park is a rural Sustainable transport area, the largest contribution to the To reduce traffic congestion and noise, local economy flows from property and improve safety, health and air quality development and management, by reducing the need to travel, especially professional and technical services and by car. retail and wholesale distribution - 40% Economy of Gross Value Added (GVA) in 2004. To promote sustainable economic growth, Hotels and catering provided around particularly of key business sectors, and to 9%, and agriculture and forestry utilise employment land and premises around 3.2% of total GVA24 (see Table effectively and efficiently. 5, opposite). There is some evidence that the creative industries are becoming more of an economic force, with strong growth in the visual 5.12 Sustainable economic arts and audio-visual domains25. growth including tourism Information and communications technology (ICT) is also becoming more important in business, helped Core Strategic Aim - Employment by the increasingly ready access to To assist in the provision of local broadband services in the National Park. employment and business opportunities, Another report notes the economic particularly in the Local Centres, and in the potential of the renewable energy diversification of the rural economy in sector26. Companies developing ways that are beneficial to the National renewable energy schemes are generally Park and its community. small (1-5 employees) and provide highly skilled jobs. The industry could Core Strategic Aim - Tourism be contributing £325-440m to the South To ensure that tourism development West's economy by 2020. There is a in the National Park is based upon growing body of skills and expertise the special qualities of Dartmoor and in this field within the National Park. benefits its environment and economy.

Core Strategic Aim - Farming To assist in sustaining viable farming and forestry systems as a vital element in the

Economy and transport: 5.12 Sustainable economic growth including tourism local economy particularly in ways that further the purposes of National Park designation.

5.12.1 In order to maintain the economic health of communities within Dartmoor in the most sustainable way, employment 24 Dartmoor National Park Authority. Economic Model of the Dartmoor National development should generally take place Park. Data for 2004. within or adjoining the Local Centres 25 DCC, Torbay Council, Arts Council England or Rural Settlements. However, some South West (2006) Building Creative Success. employment development that has The state of the creatives industry in Devon an essential need to be located in and Torbay 2005. 26 Regen SW (Nov 2005) The Economic suitable places in the countryside will Contribution of the Renewable Energy help support the local economy. Sector to the South West

Dartmoor National Park Authority 60 Local Development Framework: Core Strategy Development Plan Document 2006 - 2026 Adopted Version June 2008 Table 5: Sector outputs based on Gross Value Added - 2004 data

Sector DNP share of output Devon share National share of output of output Part 5

Agriculture & forestry 3.2% 2.0% 0.9%

Construction 14.9% 9.8% 6.5%

Distribution 15.2% 15.6% 12.4%

Hotels & catering 8.9% 8.2% 3.3%

Real estate/other business 25.0% 20.9% 24.6%

Source: DNPA, Devon CC, ONS

5.12.3 In Local Centres and the Rural Proposals for light industry, office and Settlements, the following types crafts development (Use Class B1) can of local employment and business generally be accommodated within the development are appropriate: built up areas of the National Park. The (i) provision for the controlled residential aspect of live-work units will expansion and development of be considered in accordance with policy existing businesses; COR15. Proposals for new general (ii) support for small scale development industrial uses (Use Class B2) in residential needed to facilitate the areas will not be acceptable. Such uses establishment of office, light can be very detrimental to the amenity of a residential area. Warehousing and industrial, service and creative storage (Use Class B8) is also regarded as industries and home-based a use that would need special justification enterprises, including live-work units. to be accepted within Dartmoor. Such premises are likely to be large with Outside the classified settlements, high numbers of vehicle movements. local employment and business opportunities will be sustained by: 5.12.4 (a) support for small scale development Proposals for the improvement or needed to facilitate the growth expansion of existing general industrial of small office and home-based premises will be viewed favourably where they would improve employment enterprises; opportunities and environmental (b) provision for the small scale Economy and transport: 5.12 Sustainable economic growth including tourism conditions. Such improvements could expansion and development of include reduction of visual intrusion and existing businesses and sites; pollution (e.g. noise, air and water quality), (c) support for development to assist traffic management measures, improved the agricultural and forestry sectors access, servicing and parking provision. and other rural enterprises with strong links to the cultural heritage Policy COR18 of Dartmoor; Local employment and business (d) support for farm diversification opportunities will be sustained by initiatives; the provision of new employment (e) support for appropriate sustainable sites within and adjoining the Local tourism and small scale recreation Centres where there is evidence that enterprises that are based on the demand cannot be met by existing intrinsic qualities of the Dartmoor or permitted sites. National Park.

Dartmoor National Park Authority Local Development Framework: Core Strategy Development Plan Document 2006 - 2026 Adopted Version 61 June 2008 In all cases, full consideration should be its distinctive landscape and natural given to the use of existing buildings, beauty, its cultural heritage and history, particularly traditional buildings. its biodiversity – making use of the

Part 5 The presumption will be that existing opportunities that the National Park employment sites and premises will offers for quiet, informal, open air be retained for economic uses and recreation. proposals for the redevelopment of existing employment sites and premises Agricultural diversification for non-employment uses will be 5.12.6 carefully assessed to ensure that the Farming is the principal land use in the needs of business and industry in the Dartmoor National Park and is vital to National Park would not be harmed sustain its special qualities. Forestry also plays a part in maintaining features by such change of use. that add variety, colour and texture to the landscape. The rural economy is Tourism undergoing change and with increasing 5.12.5 pressure on agricultural incomes, It is not easy to derive figures for the farm diversification and environmental contribution of the tourism industry to management schemes can help provide the National Park economy; however, the resources that are needed to sustain the economic model of the Dartmoor farm enterprises. The main aim of National Park shows that in 2004 hotels diversification proposals should be to and catering generated around 9% supplement the core farming enterprise of the total gross value added by and not to supplant it. Such enterprises economic activity in the National Park. can themselves help support National The tourism industry is a major Park purposes. Within these parameters, component of the economy of planning policy should be generally Dartmoor and vital to the socio- supportive of well-conceived farm economic well being of the National diversification projects that are Park. It also assists in the promotion consistent in scale with their rural of opportunities for the public to enjoy location. In order to protect the and understand the National Park’s quality and distinctiveness of the special qualities. ‘Green tourism’ is local landscape and to discourage increasing in importance, introducing uncoordinated development in rural more sustainable approaches to the areas, the piecemeal stripping of assets provision of basic services, public access from farms without regard for the and the type of tourism venture. overall viability of farm holdings is Sustainable tourism in simple terms is discouraged. about ‘meeting the needs of visitors,

Economy and transport: 5.12 Sustainable economic growth including tourism the tourism industry and communities, Policy COR20 whilst safeguarding, conserving and The principal aim of farm diversification enhancing the special qualities of an area now and in the future’ (Dartmoor proposals should maintain the core Charter for Sustainable Tourism). agricultural business whilst conserving However, tourism development must or enhancing the wildlife, natural not be at the expense of the special beauty or cultural heritage of the qualities of the National Park - it is National Park or contributing to the those very qualities that draw so many public’s enjoyment and understanding people to Dartmoor in the first place. of its special qualities. Existing buildings should be re-used where possible. Policy COR19 Proposals for tourism development should be based on and respect the special qualities of the National Park –

Dartmoor National Park Authority 62 Local Development Framework: Core Strategy Development Plan Document 2006 - 2026 Adopted Version June 2008 5.13 Transport o managing the route network to ensure that traffic uses the most appropriate routes and unnecessary

Sustainability objectives Part 5 traffic is removed Sustainable transport o promoting public transport and To reduce traffic congestion and noise, and improve safety, health and air encouraging cycling o quality by reducing the need to travel, integrating the needs of the especially by car. less mobile.

The Strategy made it clear that any traffic management works should be Core Strategic Aim - Traffic and Transport carried out in ways that maintained To facilitate better access to local and where possible enhanced the facilities, to reduce the need to travel, National Park environment. especially by car, and provide for visitor access in ways which are least 5.13.3 damaging to the environment and The Traffic Management Strategy has local interests. recently been updated by the Authority, Devon County Council as the local Development and the highway network highway authority, and the Highways Economy and transport: 5.13 Transport 5.13.1 Agency. It concluded that the essential Through its effect on development aims of the Strategy remain valid. pattern, planning can help reduce the The Strategy sought to identify priority need to travel, reduce the length of areas for further action over the journeys and make it safer and easier period of the Devon Local Transport for people to make use of public Plan 2006-2011 (DLTP). The main transport, cycling and walking. priorities incorporated into the Recognition of the wider role of DLTP are: transport in providing access to services o minimising the impact of should underpin a National Park-wide visitor traffic coordinated approach. The transport o encouraging visitors to use network in the Dartmoor National alternatives to the private car Park should meet the access needs o improving public transport of local communities and businesses o improving cycling opportunities in ways that are environmentally o reducing the impact of heavy sustainable and safe for its users. goods vehicles Small changes to the network will take o further improving road safety place, to remedy existing deficiencies and driver awareness and provide for future development o and changing patterns of use. improving access for the less mobile o improving design standards for Dartmoor National Park Traffic road schemes. Management Strategy The National Park Authority, the County 5.13.2 Council as highway authority, and the The Dartmoor National Park Authority, Highways Agency will work together Devon County Council and the Highways closely to implement the priorities and Agency produced a Traffic Management specific actions identified in the updated Strategy for the National Park in 1994. Traffic Management Strategy. Its essential elements were: The strategic road network o reinforcing the National Park 5.13.4 identity as a special and The Dartmoor National Park is encircled different place by important links in the county’s o promoting road safety strategic road network. Dartmoor National Park Authority Local Development Framework: Core Strategy Development Plan Document 2006 - 2026 Adopted Version 63 June 2008 To the south of the National Park runs sustainable travel choices and to ensure the A38 trunk road (Devon Expressway). that development takes place where This road forms part of the Trans- travel choice exists. Attractive, safe

Part 5 European Network (TENS). The A30 and convenient pedestrian and cycle trunk road skirts the northern boundary networks have an important role to play. of the National Park - this road has been Extension of public transport and advocated for inclusion in TENS. increase in frequencies also has a role, The A386 national route runs through but is not easy to achieve in rural areas. the western part of the National Park, There are many other initiatives all of linking Plymouth to Tavistock, and which can help reduce the dependency beyond. It is important that on private vehicle use. Car clubs and car development, including proposals for share schemes are now operating; there new access, should not adversely affect are special services tailored to the needs the traffic handling capacity or safety of visitors; school and education travel characteristics of these routes. Proposals planning is highly managed and there are for new or improved roadside service better and more accessible public areas within the National Park will be transport information systems. The assessed using the major development management and control of off-street in National Parks test set out in PPS7 parking also has a role to play along with (see section 4.3). Proposals adjacent to other traffic management initiatives such Economy and transport: 5.13 Transport but outside the National Park boundary as residential and business travel plans. will be subject to the appropriate policy A transport assessment will be needed for in the Regional Spatial Strategy. major development to consider the most effective ways of achieving sustainable Local highway network transport objectives. 5.13.5 The local highway network is important 5.13.7 for the day to day access requirements However, for most people living or of people and communities in the working in a remote rural area, there is National Park and for recreation and a very limited travel choice and use of tourism. The Traffic Management a private vehicle is generally a necessity. Strategy sets out the Dartmoor route Good access and parking play important network along with a coach route roles in maintaining vital and viable network, to help manage local, town centres. The Authority will seek cross moor and recreational traffic. to manage the demand for good access In considering the route network and off-street parking provision without and development proposals affecting causing unacceptable harm to the quality it, the emphasis will be on safety of the built or natural environment. improvements (including measures to Any new development should also be reduce collisions involving livestock), of an appropriate type and scale so the reduction of pollution and initiatives that it can be safely serviced by the to reduce the adverse environmental existing road network and does not cause effects of traffic. additional hazards or lead to unsustainable increases in local traffic levels. Managing transport demand 5.13.6 Alternatives to private transport A range of measures are available 5.13.8 to encourage a reduction in demand Walking and cycling are to be for travel and the use of the car. encouraged because they are an One of the most effective is to promote inexpensive, healthy, flexible and the local services and facilities that environmentally-friendly means of travel would otherwise require a car journey. over short distances. Opportunities for Another is to promote and coordinate using disused routes (e.g. old railway measures to improve the range of tracks) for these forms of travel provision

Dartmoor National Park Authority 64 Local Development Framework: Core Strategy Development Plan Document 2006 - 2026 Adopted Version June 2008 should be maximised. The Authority will encourage the provision of safe pedestrian and cycle routes and adequate cycle parking in towns and Part 5 larger villages, at major public buildings and at education, tourism and leisure facilities. Opportunities should also be taken to provide the resources and infrastructure to support public transport services. Facilities such as bus shelters or parking bays may be necessary to help promote greater uptake of public transport. Green travel plans or support for car share schemes etc. may be appropriate for certain types of development.

Policy COR21 Development should be located so as

to facilitate access to local services and Economy and transport: 5.13 Transport reduce the need to travel, especially by car, providing for and promoting choice in transport modes. Development proposals should: (i) not conflict with the standard, capacity and function of local roads as defined in the Dartmoor Route Network; (ii) not have a detrimental impact on road safety or the existing capacity of the highway network such that congestion is created or increased, thereby placing responsibility on the highway authority to make improvements; (iii)provide sufficient parking and turning space; (iv)provide dedicated footways for pedestrians and, wherever possible, links to existing and proposed networks of footpaths and cycleways; (v) assist in the provision of infrastructure, facilities and resources needed to support public transport services and other community transport initiatives.

All major development proposals should be accompanied by a Transport Assessment.

Dartmoor National Park Authority Local Development Framework: Core Strategy Development Plan Document 2006 - 2026 Adopted Version 65 June 2008 Prudent Use of Resources 5.14 Minerals development the Dartmoor National Park (Meldon Part 5 & Linhay) that have extensive long term Sustainability objectives reserves that will continue to contribute to sub-regional supply. These finite Sustainable resource use resources should be safeguarded To reduce the consumption of from sterilisation by other forms of non-renewable sources of energy, development and Mineral Safeguarding water and minerals. Areas (MSAs) will be defined in the Minerals and Waste Development Core Strategic Aim - Major Development DPD to ensure that the future supply To resist major development proposals, of mineral resources is considered unless there is a proven overriding adequately and effectively in land national need and no reasonable use planning decisions. There is no alternative ways of meeting that presumption that any areas within need outside the National Park. MSAs will ultimately be acceptable for minerals extraction. The two large 5.14.1 quarries in Dartmoor - Linhay and The Devon Structure Plan contains a Meldon - are important components in policy to control minerals development the local economies of Ashburton and in the National Parks and Areas of Okehampton and the surrounding areas. Outstanding Natural Beauty: The smaller quarries also contribute to the range of employment opportunities Policy MN3 in their own localities. Minerals Development in National Parks and Areas of Outstanding 5.14.3 Prudent Use of Resources: 5.14 Minerals development Natural Beauty The Structure Plan policy is reflected in the principal minerals policy in the Proposals for minerals development Dartmoor National Park Minerals Local within Dartmoor National Park and Plan. The Minerals Local Plan provides the Areas of Outstanding Natural scope for small scale quarrying of Beauty will be subject to the most local building stone. This provision can rigorous examination, and will only make a valuable contribution to the be approved where development maintenance of the character and can be demonstrated to be in the quality of the National Park’s built public interest and where there is environment. With all minerals an overriding national need for development, restoration and aftercare development which cannot reasonably are important considerations and will be met in some other way. form a vital part of any permission that is granted. The core strategic minerals 5.14.2 policy, which reflects the emerging RSS The draft Regional Spatial Strategy approach, is as follows: (Submission draft, April 2006) recognises that mineral planning authorities, mineral operators and other agencies should avoid workings/extraction in or affecting National Parks except in exceptional circumstances where it can be demonstrated that the mineral cannot be sourced from another location outside the designated areas. There are, however, existing significant aggregate mineral operations within

Dartmoor National Park Authority 66 Local Development Framework: Core Strategy Development Plan Document 2006 - 2026 Adopted Version June 2008 Policy COR22 Major mineral development will not be allowed unless, after rigorous

examination, it can be demonstrated Part 5 that there is a national need which cannot reasonably be met in any other way, and which is sufficient to override the potential damage to the natural beauty, wildlife, cultural heritage or quiet enjoyment of the National Park.

Other mineral development will be carefully assessed, with great weight being given in decisions to the conservation of the landscape and the countryside, the conservation of wildlife and cultural heritage and the need to avoid adverse impacts on recreational opportunities.

Small scale quarrying of traditional building stone will be granted in locations where this would not be damaging to the landscape, archaeological, ecological or geological interests, or to the amenity of local residents and where the local road

network is adequate to cope with Prudent Use of Resources: 5.14 Minerals development the traffic generated by or associated with the proposed development.

Dartmoor National Park Authority Local Development Framework: Core Strategy Development Plan Document 2006 - 2026 Adopted Version 67 June 2008 5.15 Waste o ensuring that the design and layout of new development supports sustainable waste management. Sustainability objectives Part 5 Waste 5.15.3 To reduce the amount of waste The draft RSS (paragraph 7.4.8) states: generated within the National Park The provision of waste facilities and to minimise the environmental should generally avoid protected effects of waste disposal. landscapes such as National Parks and Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty. Some proposals to meet local needs 5.15.1 may be appropriate, such as providing All proposals for waste development small scale recycling centres or on-farm will be assessed against the principles of composting facilities. Enhancement of sustainable development. In particular, environmental assets should be development should not divert waste considered within proposals, including from more sustainable forms of provision for appropriate restoration management and, where practicable, after-use with good design to mitigate development should incorporate the visual and other environmental impacts Prudent Use of Resources: 5.15 Waste means to recover recyclable and of both built facilities and landfill sites. compostable materials. Waste management facilities should make Within the Dartmoor National Park, provision to deal with their end such facilities could include places for products, byproducts and waste at the making compost, on-farm and as small highest level of the waste hierarchy: community operations, and sorting 1) reduction (most effective) facilities for recyclable items. 2) re-use 3) recycling and composting Policy COR23 4) energy recovery Proposals for the management of 5) disposal (least effective) waste arising from within the Dartmoor It is in the best interests of everyone National Park, including that generated to reduce the levels of waste that is by new development, will be produced, and especially to reduce considered in accordance with the waste that is environmentally damaging, waste hierarchy. Wherever possible, hazardous or difficult to manage. waste should be managed on the site where it arises. No waste disposal sites 5.15.2 will be permitted unless there are PPS1027 sets national objectives for significant environmental benefits waste planning, which include: for the Dartmoor National Park to o helping to deliver sustainable be derived from their provision. development by promoting waste management at the highest possible level of the waste hierarchy o encouraging communities to take greater responsibility for waste management o helping to secure waste management in ways that do not harm human health or the environment

27 Planning Policy Statement (PPS) 10 Planning for Sustainable Waste Management (July 2005) DCLG Dartmoor National Park Authority 68 Local Development Framework: Core Strategy Development Plan Document 2006 - 2026 Adopted Version June 2008 5.16 Water resources Protection from depletion and pollution 5.16.1 Dartmoor makes a great contribution Part 5 to the supply of clean fresh water for public use. The reservoirs on the moor form a major part of the supply network for south Devon and the quality of groundwater and river waters are of vital importance. Careful management of water catchment areas is necessary to ensure that their abilities to capture and store rainfall and supply water are not compromised. The Environment Agency prepares Catchment Abstraction Management Strategies for these areas. New development should not add to the problems of water depletion by making unsustainable abstraction demands on sources of supply, such as rivers, streams and leats or cause pollution of these resources.

Policy COR24 Development will not be permitted Resources Prudent Use of Resources: 5.16 Water if it would risk harm to the quality and yield of water resources, including abstraction sites, groundwater, rivers, streams and still waters.

Dartmoor National Park Authority Local Development Framework: Core Strategy Development Plan Document 2006 - 2026 Adopted Version 69 June 2008 Dartmoor National Park Authority 70 Local Development Framework: Core Strategy Development Plan Document 2006 - 2026 Adopted Version June 2008 Part 6-Monitoring 71 Part 6 Part 6 - Monitoring Part 6 Monitoring

Monitoring for sustainable Sustainability objectives development The objectives are the outcomes that 6.1 the LDF should be seeking to achieve The Authority will carry out regular in relation to the various aspects of monitoring of key sustainability sustainable development. indicators to ensure that the Core Strategy is successfully managing Indicators: change in the National Park and that The indicators are the yardsticks used implementation of the strategy is to measure success in meeting the leading to sustainable development. sustainability objectives. In some cases This will become a part of the LDF’s the data for the indicator is readily Annual Monitoring Report. Other available. In other cases the data may indicators - Government defined not be available for the current appraisal national core output indicators and but it may be possible to put monitoring locally defined contextual indicators programmes in place for the duration - will be monitored and published in of the LDF to assess progress against the Annual Monitoring Report. the indicator and feed into subsequent reviews of the LDF. 6.2 Table 6 shows the resulting proposed framework for monitoring the Core Strategy DPD, based on sustainability objectives that originated with work done on the SA/SEA of the Strategy.

Dartmoor National Park Authority 72 Local Development Framework: Core Strategy Development Plan Document 2006 - 2026 Adopted Version June 2008 Table 6: Monitoring - objectives and indicators

SA Objective Suggested Indicators Part 6

o

1: Landscape and environment Change in Countryside Quality based on the Monitoring To protect the special qualities and natural beauty Countryside Quality Counts data (JCA150) used to of the Dartmoor National Park inform condition of Countryside Character Areas (Target: Change to be within band ‘largely consistent Implementation bodies: DNPA, Natural England, Defra, with landscape character’.) MOD, Forestry Commission & Forest Enterprise, o Woodland Trust, landowners, Dartmoor Commoners, Change in area classified as ‘tranquil’ (CPRE surveys) English Heritage, Duchy of Cornwall, National Trust (Targets: (i) No further loss in the area identified as tranquil through CPRE (2006) mapping. (ii) No loss in the extent of dark night skies as identified through CPRE mapping of satellite imagery)

2. To manage flood risk sustainably o Percentage of properties at risk of flooding To manage flood risks sustainably, recognising (from a 1% storm), and over a given period of the role of land use in reducing flood risks time the percentage change of numbers at risk (Target: A significant reduction in the number of Implementation bodies: Environment Agency, DNPA, properties at risk of flooding over the plan period) development industry, District & Borough Councils o Number of planning permissions granted contrary to Environment Agency advice on flood risk grounds (Target: No permissions granted contrary to EA advice on flood risk grounds) o Number of new dwellings permitted on sites within flood risk zone 3 (Target: Reduction to zero over the plan period)

3. Biodiversity o Change in population of selected BAP species - To conserve, protect and enhance the habitats southern damselfly, marsh fritillary, Vigur’s and aquatic and terrestrial biodiversity eyebright o Implementation bodies: DNPA, Natural England, Change in areas designated for their intrinsic Dartmoor Biodiversity Partnership, Environment Agency, environmental value, including sites of Devon Wildlife Trust, landowners international, national, regional, sub-regional or local significance (Target: No net loss of areas of intrinsic environmental value) o Percentage (by area) of SSSIs in favourable or unfavourable recovering condition (Target: 95% by 2010)

4. Built environment o Use of local building material in new To enhance the attractiveness and local developments distinctiveness of the built environment by raising o Availability of specialist advice: the quality of design and sustainable construction (i) at pre-application stage Implementation bodies: DNPA, English Heritage, (ii) at design stage development industry (iii) on the historic built environment. (Target: To sustain provision of these services by the Authority)

5. Historic environment o Number and percentage of Listed Buildings To protect and enhance sites, areas and buildings indicated as “At Risk” by English Heritage and landmarks of archaeological, historic, cultural and number / percentage rescued and/or architectural interest (Target: 97% of Listed Buildings at non-risk status) Implementation bodies: DNPA, English Heritage, Devon Gardens Trust, National Trust, landowners

(cont.)

Dartmoor National Park Authority Local Development Framework: Core Strategy Development Plan Document 2006 - 2026 Adopted Version 73 June 2008 Table 6: Monitoring - objectives and indicators (cont.)

SA Objective Suggested Indicators Part 6 6. Land resources o Total area of housing development completed To concentrate and diversify development by on previously developed land (PDL), and as a Monitoring optimising the use of previously developed land, proportion of the total area developed infrastructure, under-used land and vacant properties (Target: To consistently exceed the RSS overall figure of 50% for housing development on PDL) Implementation bodies: DNPA, development industry, o landowners Loss of high grade agricultural land to development (Target: No loss of this type of land over the plan period) o Proportion of new dwellings completed at: less than 30, 30-50, and greater than 50 dwellings per ha

7. Sustainable resource use o Number of permissions granted for micro- To reduce the consumption of non-renewable renewable energy by type sources of energy, water and minerals (Target: 60% of new build development incorporating micro-renewable energy generation) Implementation bodies: DNPA, development industry, o Environment Agency, South West Water, quarry operators, Number of minerals permissions and percentage District & Borough Councils, renewable energy providers with restoration proposals o Area (ha) given planning consent with associated sustainable urban drainage schemes (SUDS) o Percentage of dwellings built per year compliant with the Code for Sustainable Homes levels 3,4,5 & 6

8. Water quality o Percentage of monitored DNP river length achieving To protect and improve water quality ‘good’ or above water quality rating (chemical and Implementation bodies: DNPA, Environment Agency, biological General Quality Assessments GQA) (Targets: Relevant Environment Agency grades) South West Water, landowners, development industry

9. Waste o Percentage of waste arising within constituent To reduce the amount of waste generated districts and proportion recycled within the National Park and to minimise the o Number of community or local authority environmental effects of waste disposal recycling points in DNP Implementation bodies: DNPA, development industry, Waste Management Authorities, materials recycling operators

10. Sustainable transport o Extent of the Rights of Way Network in an To reduce traffic congestion and noise, acceptable condition and improve safety, health and air quality by o Number of Air Quality Management Areas reducing the need to travel, especially by car within DNP, and number within 10km Implementation bodies: DNPA, Highway Authorities, Highways Agency, public transport providers, DCC Transport Co-ordination Centre

11. Economy o Annual percentage change of Dartmoor’s To promote sustainable economic growth, particularly total Gross Value Added of key business sectors, and to utilise employment o Loss of employment sites (ha) land and premises effectively and efficiently o No. of planning approvals for new businesses, Implementation bodies: DNPA, business sector, local including farm diversification and net area retailers, Enterprise South Devon, Business Link, (ha)/floorspace (sq m) developed SW Regional Development Agency, Dartmoor Partnership Ltd, West Devon Business Information Point

(cont.)

Dartmoor National Park Authority 74 Local Development Framework: Core Strategy Development Plan Document 2006 - 2026 Adopted Version June 2008 Table 6: Monitoring - objectives and indicators (cont.)

Suggested Indicators Part 6 12. Education and employment o Proportion of DNP Wards in lowest quartile To enable all residents to share in growing of Index of Multiple Deprivation measures prosperity by improving access to training, of education, skills and training Monitoring education and job opportunities o Average household incomes/earnings o Implementation bodies: Learning & Skills Council, Proportion of the population of working age universities & higher education colleges, Local Education that are economically active Authority, Department for Work & Pensions, o Unemployment rate in the DNP business sector (Target: DNP unemployment rate consistently below Devon County and SW Region rates)

13. Housing o Location of new housing development To ensure that all of the National Park’s residents (Target: At least 60% of all new residential have access to a good quality, affordable housing development to be in the Local Centres) o The proportion and tenure of affordable Implementation bodies: DNPA, registered social landlords, development industry, dwellings approved and constructed Communities England, local housing authorities, (Targets: (i) Majority of all dwellings permitted Community Council of Devon (Rural Housing Enablers) to be affordable housing for local needs. (ii) 70% of affordable housing for local needs permitted to be social rented) o Total number of completed dwellings of: (a) 1 bedroom (b) 2 bedrooms (c) 3 bedrooms (d) 4+ bedrooms o Affordability - Ratio of average house prices to average households income/earnings

14. Community health, safety and well-being o Proportion of DNP wards in the lowest quartile To safeguard and improve community health, of Index of Multiple Deprivation measures of safety and well-being health deprivation and disability Implementation bodies: Devon County Council, town & parish councils, NHS, Devon Primary Care Trust & other health care providers, Devon & Cornwall Constabulary, Devon Fire & Rescue, recreation & leisure industry, Sports England

15. Village Centres o Proportion of Dartmoor wards in lowest quartile To strengthen the role of village centres to reduce of Index of Multiple Deprivation Access to the amount that people need to travel Housing & Services domain o Net annual change in (i) primary Implementation bodies: DNPA, local retailers & business sector, development industry, town & parish councils, services/facilities, and (ii) secondary District & Borough Councils services/facilities in classified settlements (Target: No net loss of services/facilities in classified settlements)

16. Inclusiveness and participation o Response rate of specific consultation bodies to To take account of the needs of all sectors of the LDF pre-submission public participation rounds community in the planning and design of new o Percentage of classified settlements recently development or currently engaged in preparing village Implementation bodies: Development industry, DNPA, appraisals, village design statements or Devon County Council, District & Borough Councils, parish plans town & parish councils

Dartmoor National Park Authority Local Development Framework: Core Strategy Development Plan Document 2006 - 2026 Adopted Version 75 June 2008 Annex 1: Regulation 13(5) Statement Policies of the Dartmoor National Park Local Plan: First Review 1995-2011 to be superseded by policies of the Core Strategy DPD Local Plan Policy title Determination Relevant CS policies Annex 1 policy (This list is indicative only)

GP1 Sustainable development Replace by Core Strategy DPD COR1 principles (Note: policy COR1 is the underpinning sustainable development policy and will be applicable to most development proposals)

GP2 General development control Replace by Core Strategy DPD COR1

Regulation 13(5) Statement criteria

GP3 Needs of disabled and Replace by Core Strategy DPD COR13 less mobile people

GP4 Infrastructure for development Replace by Core Strategy DPD COR14

SET1 Strategic settlement hierarchy Replace by Core Strategy DPD COR2

HS1 Housing development Replace by Core Strategy DPD COR15 within Local Centres & Selected Rural Settlements

HS2 Affordable housing for local Replace by Core Strategy DPD COR15 needs - Exceptions policy

HS3 Density of residential Replace by Core Strategy DPD COR4 development

HS4 Housing outside Local Centres Replace by Core Strategy DPD COR15 & Selected Rural Settlements

HS5 Removal of agricultural Save until replaced by Generic occupancy & rural business Development Control & Site occupancy conditions Specific Policies DPD

HS6 Self-contained ancillary Replace by Core Strategy DPD COR4, COR15 accommodation

HS7 Replacement dwellings outside Save until replaced by Generic Local Centres & Selected Rural Development Control & Site Settlements Specific Policies DPD

HS8 Siting of residential caravans Save until replaced by Generic Development Control & Site Specific Policies DPD

HS9 Extensions to dwellings Replace by Core Strategy DPD COR4

HS10 Change of use of holiday Replace by Core Strategy DPD COR2, COR15 accommodation to full time use

Dartmoor National Park Authority 76 Local Development Framework: Core Strategy Development Plan Document 2006 - 2026 Adopted Version June 2008 Local Plan Policy title Determination Relevant CS policies policy (This list is indicative only)

HS11 Development of residential Replace by Core Strategy DPD COR2, COR15

and nursing homes Annex 1

LE1 Employment development in Replace by Core Strategy DPD COR18 Local Centre/Selected Rural Settlement

LE2 Employment development Replace by Core Strategy DPD COR18 outside Local Centre/Selected Rural Settlement

LE3 Change of use of employment Replace by Core Strategy DPD COR18 Regulation 13(5) Statement sites

FD1 Farm diversification Replace by Core Strategy DPD COR20

FD2 Agricultural, forestry or other Save until replaced by Generic rural enterprise related Development Control & Site development: general Specific Policies DPD

FD3 Horse related development Save until replaced by Generic Development Control & Site Specific Policies DPD

CS1 Community services and facilities: Replace by Core Strategy DPD COR2, COR12 general principles

CS2 Loss of community facilities and Save until replaced by Generic services Development Control & Site Specific Policies DPD

CS3 Provision of offices for Replace by Core Strategy DPD COR2, COR4, COR18 professional or financial services

CS4 Provision of local recreation and Replace by Core Strategy DPD COR12, COR17 sports facilities

UT1 Quality of surface and Replace by Core Strategy DPD COR8, COR24 groundwater

UT2 Guarding against flood risk Replace by Core Strategy DPD COR9

UT3 Sustainable management of Replace by Core Strategy DPD COR8, COR24 surface waters

UT4 Waste water disposal in built up Save until replaced by Generic areas Development Control & Site Specific Policies DPD

UT5 Overhead electricity & telephone Replace by Core Strategy DPD COR3, COR4 cables

Dartmoor National Park Authority Local Development Framework: Core Strategy Development Plan Document 2006 - 2026 Adopted Version 77 June 2008 Local Plan Policy title Determination Relevant CS policies policy (This list is indicative only)

UT6 Telecommunications developmentSave until replaced by Generic

Annex 1 Development Control & Site Specific Policies DPD

UT7 Renewable energy schemes Replace by Core Strategy DPD COR8, COR10

UT8 Hazardous development Save until replaced by Generic Development Control & Site Specific Policies DPD

UT9 Development on contaminated Save until replaced by Generic Regulation 13(5) Statement land Development Control & Site Specific Policies DPD

TF1 Development and the functional Replace by Core Strategy DPD COR21 route network, road safety and traffic generation

TF2 New accesses onto the public Save until replaced by Generic highway Development Control & Site Specific Policies DPD

TF3 Provision of car parks Save until replaced by Generic Development Control & Site Specific Policies DPD

TF4 Parking provision for new Save until replaced by Generic development: non-residential Development Control & Site Specific Policies DPD

TF5 Off-street parking provision for Save until replaced by Generic new development: residential Development Control & Site Specific Policies DPD

TF6 Development affecting a public Save until replaced by Generic right of way Development Control & Site Specific Policies DPD

TF7 Highway schemes - environmentalReplace by Core Strategy DPD COR21 & safety factors

TF8 Alternative modes of transport Replace by Core Strategy DPD COR21

AD1 Signs and advertisements – Save until replaced by Generic general considerations Development Control & Site Specific Policies DPD

AD2 On-site signing Save until replaced by Generic Development Control & Site Specific Policies DPD

Dartmoor National Park Authority 78 Local Development Framework: Core Strategy Development Plan Document 2006 - 2026 Adopted Version June 2008 Local Plan Policy title Determination Relevant CS policies policy (This list is indicative only)

AD3 Advance signing Save until replaced by Generic

Development Control & Site Annex 1 Specific Policies DPD

AD4 Comprehensive signing scheme Save until replaced by Generic Development Control & Site Specific Policies DPD

ML1 Development affecting moor and Replace by Core Strategy DPD COR3, COR7 heath

WL1 Development affecting woodland Replace by Core Strategy DPD COR3, COR7 Regulation 13(5) Statement of conservation importance

WL2 Development affecting other Replace by Core Strategy DPD COR3, COR7 woodland, tree groups and individual trees

FL1 Protection of the Replace by Core Strategy DPD COR3 character/conservation interest of farmland landscapes

FL2 Protection of orchards of Replace by Core Strategy DPD COR3 landscape importance

NC1 Habitats and sites of internationalReplace by Core Strategy DPD COR7 ecological/geological importance

NC2 Habitats and sites of internationalReplace by Core Strategy DPD COR7 ecological/geological importance

NC3 Habitats and sites of internationalReplace by Core Strategy DPD COR7 ecological/geological importance

NC4 Habitat enhancement/mitigation Replace by Core Strategy DPD COR7 of ecological losses

NC5 Protection of key BAP habitats Replace by Core Strategy DPD COR7 and species

NC6 Protection of important plant Replace by Core Strategy DPD COR7 and animal species

AH1 Protection of scheduled Replace by Core Strategy DPD COR6 and nationally important archaeological remains

AH2 Protection of locally important Replace by Core Strategy DPD COR6 archaeological remains

AH3 Mitigation of damage to Replace by Core Strategy DPD COR6 archaeological features and recording

Dartmoor National Park Authority Local Development Framework: Core Strategy Development Plan Document 2006 - 2026 Adopted Version 79 June 2008 Local Plan Policy title Determination Relevant CS policies policy (This list is indicative only)

AH4 Protection of artefacts of Save until replaced by Generic

Annex 1 archaeological importance Development Control & Site Specific Policies DPD

AH5 Pre-development archaeological Save until replaced by Generic evaluation Development Control & Site Specific Policies DPD

BL1 Quality of the built environment Replace by Core Strategy DPD COR3, COR4, COR5 – general considerations

BL2 Character and appearance of Replace by Core Strategy DPD COR3, COR4, COR5 Regulation 13(5) Statement settlements

BL3 Quality of the street scene Replace by Core Strategy DPD COR4

BL4 Development in or affecting a Save until replaced by Generic conservation area Development Control & Site Specific Policies DPD

BL5 Demolition of listed buildings Save until replaced by Generic Development Control & Site Specific Policies DPD

BL6 Change of use, extension and Save until replaced by Generic alteration of listed buildings Development Control & Site Specific Policies DPD

BL7 Development affecting non-listed Replace by Core Strategy DPD COR3, COR4, COR5 buildings of architectural or historical merit

BL8 Non-residential change of use Replace by Core Strategy DPD COR2, COR3, COR4 of traditional buildings in the countryside

BL9 Residential change of use of Replace by Core Strategy DPD COR2, COR3, traditional buildings in the COR4, COR15 countryside

BL11 Protection of historic parks Replace by Core Strategy DPD COR5 and gardens

RC1 Recreational development Save until replaced by Generic Development Control & Site Specific Policies DPD

RC2 Protection of public rights of way Replace by Core Strategy DPD COR17, COR21

RC3 Development involving disused Save until replaced by Generic railway tracks Development Control & Site Specific Policies DPD

Dartmoor National Park Authority 80 Local Development Framework: Core Strategy Development Plan Document 2006 - 2026 Adopted Version June 2008 Local Plan Policy title Determination Relevant CS policies policy (This list is indicative only)

TM1 Visitor attractions – general Replace by Core Strategy DPD COR3, COR4, COR19 Annex 1

TM2 Hotel and guesthouse Replace by Core Strategy DPD COR2, COR4, COR19 development

TM3 Holiday accommodation - new Save until replaced by Generic and replacement units Development Control & Site Specific Policies DPD

TM4 Static holiday caravan sites Save until replaced by Generic Development Control & Site Specific Policies DPD Regulation 13(5) Statement

TM5 New touring caravan sites & Save until replaced by Generic improvement of existing sites Development Control & Site Specific Policies DPD

TM6 Tents and motor caravan sites Save until replaced by Generic Development Control & Site Specific Policies DPD

TM7 Protecting environmental quality Replace by Core Strategy DPD COR19 and community interests of the National Park

MD1 Major development proposals Save until replaced by Generic Development Control & Site Specific Policies DPD

MD2 Development involving military Save until replaced by Generic uses Development Control & Site Specific Policies DPD

ASH1 Development involving drainage Save until replaced by Generic into the Balland Stream, Development Control & Site Ashburton Specific Policies DPD

BCK1 Extension of Mardle Way Car Save until replaced by Generic Park, Buckfastleigh Development Control & Site Specific Policies DPD

MTV1 Site for new primary school for Save until replaced by Generic Mary Tavy Development Control & Site Specific Policies DPD

MTV2 Sites for mixed use development Save until replaced by Generic in the centre of Mary Tavy Development Control & Site Specific Policies DPD

MOR1 Site for mixed use development, Policy deleted. Court Street, Moretonhampstead Development has commenced

MOR2 Site for new primary school, Policy deleted. Moretonhampstead Development has commenced

Dartmoor National Park Authority Local Development Framework: Core Strategy Development Plan Document 2006 - 2026 Adopted Version 81 June 2008 Local Plan Policy title Determination Relevant CS policies policy (This list is indicative only)

MOR3 Road link between Betton Way Save until replaced by Generic

Annex 1 and Chagford Cross, Development Control & Site Moretonhampstead Specific Policies DPD

SBR1 Site for new station, South Brent Save until replaced by Generic Development Control & Site Specific Policies DPD

SBR2 Site for new car park, South BrentSave until replaced by Generic Development Control & Site Specific Policies DPD Regulation 13(5) Statement SZL1 Protection of historic features in Save until replaced by Generic the South Zeal conservation area Development Control & Site Specific Policies DPD

YEL1 Protection of the character and Save until replaced by Generic appearance of the original core Development Control & Site of Yelverton Specific Policies DPD

M1 New mineral working, or Replace by Core Strategy DPD COR22 extensions, or waste tipping - strategic policy

M2 Proposals to mitigate the adverse Save until replaced by environmental effects of mineral Minerals and Waste DPD working

M3 Small scale quarrying of Replace by Core Strategy DPD COR22 traditional stone

M4 New mineral working, or Save until replaced by Minerals extensions, or waste tipping - and Waste DPD detailed criteria

M5 Recycling or reuse of mineral Save until replaced by Minerals waste and Waste DPD

M6 Development within mineral Save until replaced by Minerals consultation areas and Waste DPD

M7 Exploratory drilling Save until replaced by Minerals and Waste DPD

W1 Waste disposal Replace by Core Strategy DPD COR23

W2 Recycling facilities Replace by Core Strategy DPD COR23

Dartmoor National Park Authority 82 Local Development Framework: Core Strategy Development Plan Document 2006 - 2026 Adopted Version June 2008 Annex 2: Glossary of terms Intermediate affordable housing is: ‘Housing at prices and rents above those of social rent, but below market The Act price or rents, and which meet the The Planning and Compulsory Purchase

criteria set out above. These can include Annex 2 Act 2004. shared equity products (eg HomeBuy), Adopted proposals map other low cost homes for sale and The adopted proposals map expresses intermediate rent.’ geographically the adopted development Glossary of Terms plan polices of the local development The definition does not exclude homes framework, including any saved policies. provided by private sector bodies or The map must be revised as each new provided without grant funding. development plan document is adopted. Where such homes meet the definition The map should identify areas of protection above, they may be considered, for and indicate the areas to which detailed planning purposes, as affordable policies apply. The current proposals map housing. Whereas, those homes that is that prepared for the Dartmoor National do not meet the definition, for example, Park Local Plan: First Review 1995-2011, ‘low cost market’ housing, may not with the addition of the recently be considered, for planning purposes, designated Meavy Conservation Area. as affordable housing.

Adoption Agricultural dwelling Final confirmation of a Development Plan A dwelling subject to a condition or Document or other local development legal agreement that it shall be document as having statutory status by occupied by someone who is employed, a local planning authority. or was last employed, in agricultural, forestry or other appropriate rural Affordable housing employment. (The following definition is taken from Annex B of PPS3 ‘Housing’) Annual Monitoring Report (AMR) ‘Affordable housing includes social rented The Annual Monitoring Report provides and intermediate housing, provided to an assessment of the implementation specified eligible households whose needs of the local development scheme and are not met by the market. Affordable the extent to which policies in local housing should: development documents are being o Meet the needs of eligible households successfully implemented. The report including availability at a cost low enough for them to afford, determined with regard is part of the local development to local incomes and local house prices. framework and is submitted to o Include provision for the home to remain at an the Government at the end of each affordable price for future eligible households calendar year. or, if these restrictions are lifted, for the subsidy to be recycled for alternative affordable housing provision.’ Brownfield land See Previously developed land. Social rented housing is: ‘Rented housing owned and managed Catchment Flood Management Plan by local authorities and registered social (CFMP) landlords, for which guideline target This is a plan, prepared by the rents are determined through the national rent regime. It may also include Environment Agency, that sets out rented housing owned or managed the factors that contribute to flood by other persons and provided under risk, such as how land is used, and equivalent rental arrangements to the recommends the best ways of managing above, as agreed with the local authority the risk of flooding within the or with the Housing Corporation as a catchment over the long term. condition of grant.’ Dartmoor National Park Authority Local Development Framework: Core Strategy Development Plan Document 2006 - 2026 Adopted Version 83 June 2008 Community Strategy (CS) & Sustainable It should be comprised of: Community Strategy (SCS) o a spatial vision and strategic objectives Under the Local Government Act 2000, for the area; o a spatial strategy; local authorities must prepare community o a monitoring and implementation

Annex 2 strategies, with the aim of improving the framework with clear objectives for delivery. social, environmental and economic wellbeing of their areas. Community A core strategy must be kept up to date strategies aim to co-ordinate the actions of and, once adopted, all other development local public, private, voluntary and Glossary of Terms plan documents must be in conformity community sectors. Following the 2006 with it. Local Government White Paper, community strategies have been reshaped into Dartmoor National Park Management Plan ‘sustainable community strategies’ (SCS), This is the strategic plan for the which set out ways to address difficult National Park, required under Section cross-cutting issues such as the economic 66 of the Environment Act 1995. future of an area, social exclusion and It formulates the policy and guides climate change. A SCS should establish management and decision making long-term goals and set short-term over a five year period. It is a plan for priorities for action through the Local Area the National Park as a whole and not Agreements. For the purposes of the 2000 just the National Park Authority. The Act, the Dartmoor National Park is not a current plan was adopted in December local authority, so does not prepare a 2007 and covers the period 2007-2012. community strategy for the National Park. However, the Authority is a member of the Design and access statement (DAS) local strategic partnerships that produce A DAS is a report accompanying and the district and borough-wide community supporting (but not part of) a planning strategies for South Hams District, application to illustrate the process Teignbridge District and West Devon that led to the development proposal, Borough. The Authority is also a member and to explain and justify the proposal of the Devon Strategic Partnership that in a structured way. Statements should produces the Community Strategy for explain the design principles and Devon. The Mid Devon Community Strategy concepts that have informed the applies to a small part of the National Park development and how access issues that lies in Cheriton Bishop Parish. have been dealt with. A DAS must accompany planning applications for Conservation Areas all outline and many full planning Areas of special architectural or historic permissions and they are also required interest, the character, appearance or for applications for listed building setting of which it is desirable to preserve consent. or enhance. There are 22 Conservation Areas within Dartmoor National Park, Development covering the settlements of Ashburton, The legal definition of development is: Buckfastleigh, Chagford, Crockernwell, ‘the carrying out of building, mining, Drewsteignton, Dunsford, Horrabridge, engineering or other operations in, on, Lustleigh, Lydford, Manaton, Meavy, under or over land, and the making Moretonhampstead, Murchington, North of any material change in the use of Bovey, North Brentor, Princetown, South buildings or other land’ (Section 55 Brent, South Tawton, South Zeal, Sticklepath, of the 1990 Act). This covers most Throwleigh and Widecombe-in-the-Moor. construction activities and changes of use. See also: General Permitted Core Strategy Development Order (GPDO). A core strategy sets out the key elements of the planning framework for a local planning area. Dartmoor National Park Authority 84 Local Development Framework: Core Strategy Development Plan Document 2006 - 2026 Adopted Version June 2008 Development plan document (DPD) Housing market areas (HMAs) Development plan documents are Geographical areas defined by household spatial planning documents that are demand and preferences for housing. independently examined, and, together They reflect the key functional linkages

with the Regional Spatial Strategy (RSS), between places where people live and Annex 2 they form the statutory development work and define the areas for assessing plan for the local planning area. housing needs at sub-regional levels. Individual development plan documents Dartmoor National Park falls into two or parts of a document can be reviewed HMAs - the Plymouth HMA and the Glossary of Terms independently from other DPDs. Exeter & Torbay HMA. The programme for preparing DPDs is set out in the local development scheme. Housing need DPDs must be in conformity with the The quantity of housing required for Regional Spatial Strategy. households who are unable to access suitable housing without financial assistance. General Permitted Development Order (GPDO) Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) The Town and Country Planning (General An index reported at super output area Permitted Development) Order 1995 level made up of the following indicators: grants rights (known as permitted housing, geographical access to services; development rights) to carry out certain health deprivation and disability; limited forms of development without education; skills and training; income and the need to make an application for employment. Reports have been published planning permission. to cover the years 2000, 2004 and 2007.

Greenhouse gases Joint Character Areas (JCAs) Greenhouse gases are those that England has been divided into areas with contribute to the 'greenhouse effect', similar landscape character, called Joint trapping heat from the sun in the earth's Character Areas. A map of 159 Joint atmosphere. Carbon dioxide is the main Character Areas covers the whole of greenhouse gas, but there are a number England. The map provides a picture of of others including methane, nitrous the differences in landscape character at oxide and water vapour. the national scale and it is accompanied by character descriptions of each JCA showing Gross value added (GVA) the influences which determine the Gross value added is the difference character of the landscape. The JCAs are between output and intermediate a widely recognised national spatial consumption for any given sector/industry. framework, used for a range of applications That is, the difference between the value such as the targeting of Defra's of goods and services produced and the Environmental Stewardship schemes and cost of raw materials and other inputs the Countryside Quality Counts project. which are used up in production. Key Diagram Historic land characterisation (HLC) This is a diagrammatic representation English Heritage’s Historic Landscape of a local planning authority’s spatial Characterisation programme seeks to strategy as set out in a core strategy. establish an over-arching view of the whole historic landscape. It focuses on aspects of Listed building the landscapes that have not always been A building included in the ‘List of Buildings regarded as archaeological and considers of Special Architectural or Historic Interest’ components of the landscape that are compiled by the Department for Culture, ‘natural’ but nevertheless the product Media and Sport. Listed buildings are of centuries of human action, such as classified as Grade 1, Grade 2*, and Grade 2. hedgerows, woodland, ponds and There are 2,734 listed buildings in Dartmoor modified watercourses. National Park, including 58 Grade 1 buildings. Dartmoor National Park Authority Local Development Framework: Core Strategy Development Plan Document 2006 - 2026 Adopted Version 85 June 2008 Local area agreements (LAAs) Major development LAAs are voluntary, three-year agreements The Department for Communities and between central government, local Local Government uses the following authorities and other partners, which definition for monitoring purposes: o for dwellings: 10 or more houses to be

Annex 2 seek to deliver national outcomes in a way that reflects local priorities. constructed (or if the number is not given, the area is more than 0.5ha). o for all other uses: where the floorspace will Local development documents (LDDs) be 1000sq m or more (or site is 1ha or more). This is the collective term in the Act The area of a site is that directly involved in Glossary of Terms for development plan documents, some aspect of the development. Floorspace supplementary planning documents, is defined as the sum of the floor area within the building. the statement of community involvement and the annual monitoring report. There is reference to ‘major Together, these documents deliver development’ in PPS7 (Sustainable the spatial planning strategy for the Development in Rural Areas) and local planning authority. tests to determine the exceptional circumstances within which this form Local development framework (LDF) of development will be permitted in This is the name for the portfolio of National Parks are set out. This type local development documents set of major development relates to large out in the local development scheme. scale works for national needs, e.g. trunk It includes development plan documents, road schemes, power stations, reservoirs. supplementary planning documents, statement of community involvement, Market housing and annual monitoring report. Private housing for rent or for sale, where the price is set in the open market. Local development scheme (LDS) This is a public statement of the local Parish plan planning authority’s programme for A document (and a process) that enables producing local development documents. a local community to consider and Progress against the milestones set out articulate its needs and raise issues of in the LDS is reported in the Annual concern. An action plan is subsequently Monitoring Report. prepared that can be used to inform and endorse a range of tasks in the social, Local Strategic Partnership (LSP) economic, environmental and resource These are partnerships of stakeholders fields. Similar documents, such as village who develop ways of involving local appraisals and village design statements, people in shaping the future of their also fall within this initiative. neighbourhood in how services are provided. They are multi-agency groups Planning policy guidance (PPG) which aim to bring together locally These are notes issued by central the public, private, community and Government setting out national land voluntary sectors, and they produce use policies for England on a range of the community strategy for the local planning topics. These documents are authority area. gradually being replaced by Planning Policy Statements. Local Transport Plan (LTP) A five year integrated transport strategy, Planning policy statement (PPS) prepared by county councils and unitary In England, documents produced and authorities in partnership with local published by the Government setting communities. The plan includes the out national policy objectives for the programme of local transport schemes planning system. National policies must and targets for the five year period. be reflected in the more detailed policies prepared at regional and local levels.

Dartmoor National Park Authority 86 Local Development Framework: Core Strategy Development Plan Document 2006 - 2026 Adopted Version June 2008 These documents are gradually replacing regional and sub-regional strategies earlier documents known as Planning and programmes. Policy Guidance. Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI)

Previously developed (brownfield) An area that has been notified as being Annex 2 land (PDL) of special interest under the Wildlife Land which is or was occupied by a and Countryside Act 1981. These sites permanent structure, including the represent the country’s very best wildlife and geological sites and form part of curtilage of the developed land and any Glossary of Terms associated fixed surface infrastructure. a strategic national network. Within The definition includes defence buildings, Dartmoor, many of these sites are also but excludes: internationally important for their o land that is or has been occupied by wildlife, and are designated as Special agricultural or forestry buildings. Areas of Conservation (SACs). Four o land that has been developed for minerals SSSIs in Dartmoor are also National extraction or waste disposal by landfill purposes where provision for restoration has been made Nature Reserves. through development control procedures. o land in built-up areas such as parks, recreation South West Nature Map grounds and allotments, which, although it This is a broad-scale, strategic vision may feature paths, pavilions and other for change that offers a spatially based buildings, has not been previously developed. o land that was previously-developed but where means of identifying where biodiversity the remains of the permanent structure or enhancement should be delivered in the fixed surface structure have blended into the future, using existing areas of wildlife landscape in the process of time (to the extent value as a starting point. The Map that it can reasonably be considered as part of the natural surroundings). identifies landscape scale blocks of There is no presumption that specific wildlife habitats, known as previously-developed land is suitable Strategic Nature Areas. for housing development. Special Area of Conservation (SAC) Regional Development Agency (RDA) Special Areas of Conservation (SACs) A non-departmental public body set are strictly protected, high quality up to promote economic development conservation sites designated under within a region. The South West of the EC Habitats Directive covering many England Regional Development Agency is habitats and species that are rare or the local body and it has prepared threatened in Europe. There are three the Regional Economic Strategy. SACs within and bordering Dartmoor National Park, covering around 27% Regional Planning Body (RPB) of the total National Park area. The body that prepares the Regional Spatial Strategy for a region. The South Strategic Environmental Assessment West Regional Assembly is the Regional (SEA) Planning Body for the South West. An environmental assessment of certain plans and programmes, including those Regional Spatial Strategy (RSS) relating to spatial planning, required This is a plan that provides the broad under European Directive 2001/42/EC. development strategy for a region for 15 Article 1 of the Directive states that the to 20 years. It sets out a framework to objective of SEA is ‘to provide for a high address the spatial planning implications level of protection of the environment concerning social, economic, environmental and to contribute to the integration of and resource issues in the region. environmental considerations into the The RSS, including a Regional Transport preparation and adoption of plans and Strategy, provides a spatial framework programmes with a view to promoting to help prepare local development sustainable development’. documents, local transport plans and Dartmoor National Park Authority Local Development Framework: Core Strategy Development Plan Document 2006 - 2026 Adopted Version 87 June 2008 Sustainability appraisal of local Supplementary Planning Document development documents is undertaken (SPD) in such a way as to comply with the These documents provide SEA Directive. supplementary information for the

Annex 2 policies in development plan documents. Strategic Flood Risk Assessment (SFRA) They do not form part of the This is an overview of flood risk from Development Plan and are not all sources within a local planning area. independently examined. It provides general guidance to all those Glossary of Terms who have an interest in the use and Sustainability appraisal (SA) development of land and can assist A form of assessment that considers in the appraisal and determination of the social, economic and environmental planning applications and other land effects of policies and proposals use proposals. It assesses the risks and which fully incorporates the of all forms of flooding to and from requirements of the SEA Directive. development, taking climate change into account, and informs the application Sustainable development of the sequential approach. Development that aims to ensure a better quality of life for everyone, Strategic Nature Area (SNA) now and for generations to come. Landscape scale blocks of land, A widely used definition (Brundtland identified on the South West Nature Report, 1987) is: "development that Map, which represent the best areas meets the needs of the present without in the South West to maintain and compromising the ability of future expand wildlife habitats through generations to meet their own needs." their management, restoration and/or In 2005, the Government defined five re-creation principles for sustainable development: o living within environmental limits Spatial planning o achieving a sustainable economy o promoting good governance Spatial planning goes beyond traditional o using sound science responsibly land use planning to bring together o ensuring a strong, healthy and policies for developing and using land just society. with other policies and programmes which influence the nature of places Sustainable drainage systems (SUDS) and how they can function. It covers The term covers the whole range of policies that can affect land use but sustainable approaches to surface water which are not capable of being drainage management including: delivered solely or mainly through o source control measures including rainwater granting planning permission and which recycling and drainage; o may be put into practice in other ways. infiltration devices to allow water to soak into the ground; However, only those policies that can be o filter strips and swales (vegetated features put into practice by granting planning that hold and drain water downhill permission can form the basis for mimicking natural drainage patterns); decisions taken under the Act. o filter drains and porous pavements to allow rainwater and run-off to infiltrate into permeable material below ground and Super output area (SOA) provide storage if needed; and A unit of geography, equivalent to a o basins and ponds to hold excess water after ward or group of wards (1,000-3,000 rain and allow controlled discharge that population), designed to improve the avoids flooding. reporting of small area statistics in England and Wales.

Dartmoor National Park Authority 88 Local Development Framework: Core Strategy Development Plan Document 2006 - 2026 Adopted Version June 2008 Part 7 - Key Diagram Part 7

Dartmoor National Park Authority Local Development Framework: Core Strategy Development Plan Document 2006 - 2026 Adopted Version 89 June 2008 Dartmoor National Park Authority, Parke, Bovey Tracey, Newton Abbot, Devon TQ13 9JQ Tel: (01626) 832093 Fax: (01626) 834684 E-mail: [email protected] Web site: www.dartmoor-npa.gov.uk If you would like this document in large print, other formats or another language, please contact us. We will do our best to help.

ISBN 978 0905981588

Cover image: Ashburton © DNPA