The Processing of Non-Native Word Prosodic Cues a Cross-Linguistic Study
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The processing of non-native word prosodic cues A cross-linguistic study Published by LOT phone: +31 20 525 2461 Kloveniersburgwal 48 1012 CX Amsterdam e-mail: [email protected] The Netherlands http://www.lotschool.nl ISBN: 978-94-6093-366-0 DOI: https://dx.medra.org/10.48273/LOT0556 NUR: 616 Copyright © 2021: Shuangshuang Hu. All rights reserved. The processing of non-native word prosodic cues A cross-linguistic study De verwerking van niet-native prosodische woord-cues: Een cross-linguïstisch onderzoek (met een samenvatting in het Nederlands) Proefschrift ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor aan de Universiteit Utrecht op gezag van de rector magnificus, prof.dr. H.R.B.M. Kummeling, ingevolge het besluit van het college voor promoties in het openbaar te verdedigen op donderdag 7 januari 2021 des ochtends te 10.30 uur door Shuangshuang Hu geboren op 22 oktober 1988 te Shanghai, China Promotor: Prof. dr. R.W.J. Kager Copromotor: Dr. A. Chen This dissertation was partly accomplished with financial support from the China Scholarship Council (CSC). CONTENTS Acknowledgements..................................................................................................... i Chapter 1 Introduction ............................................................................................... 1 1.2 Perception of non-native WPCs at the acoustic level ................................... 3 1.2.1 Perception of non-native pitch contrasts at the acoustic level ........... 4 1.2.1.1 Perception of non-native pitch contrasts at the acoustic level by Mandarin listeners ......................................................................... 4 1.2.1.2 Perception of non-native pitch contrasts at the acoustic level by Japanese listeners ........................................................................... 7 1.2.1.3 Perception of non-native pitch contrasts at the acoustic level by Dutch listeners ............................................................................. 10 1.2.1.4 Summary ............................................................................... 11 1.2.2 Perception of non-native positional marking at the acoustic level ... 12 1.2.2.1 Perception of non-native positional marking at the acoustic level by Mandarin listeners ............................................................... 13 1.2.2.2 Perception of non-native positional marking at the acoustic level by Japanese listeners ................................................................ 16 1.2.2.3 Perception of non-native positional marking at the acoustic level by Dutch listeners..................................................................... 17 1.2.2.4 Summary ............................................................................... 18 1.2.3 Summary of perception of non-native WPCs at the acoustic level .. 18 1.3 Perception of non-native WPCs at the phonological level.......................... 19 1.3.1 Perception of non-native pitch contrasts at the phonological level .. 20 1.3.2 Perception of non-native positional marking at the phonological level .......................................................................................................... 21 1.3.3 Summary .......................................................................................... 22 1.4 Processing of non-native WPCs at the lexical level ................................... 23 1.4.1 Processing of non-native pitch contrasts at the lexical level ............ 23 1.4.2 Processing of non-native positional marking at the lexical level ..... 26 1.4.3 Summary .......................................................................................... 30 1.5 Research gaps, research aim and methods .................................................. 30 1.6 Dissertation outline and research questions ................................................ 31 Chapter 2 Perception of non-native WPCs at the acoustic level ............................... 35 2.1 Introduction ................................................................................................ 35 2.2 Method ........................................................................................................ 40 2.2.1 Participants ...................................................................................... 41 2.2.2 Stimuli ............................................................................................. 41 2.2.2.1 Experiment 1: Perception of non-native pitch contrasts in monosyllables ................................................................................... 42 2.2.2.2 Experiment 2: Perception of non-native pitch contrasts in trisyllables ......................................................................................... 43 2.2.2.3 Experiment 3: Perception of non-native positional tones in trisyllables ......................................................................................... 45 2.2.3 Procedure ......................................................................................... 46 2.3 Results and discussion ................................................................................ 46 2.3.1 Experiment 1: Perception of non-native pitch contrasts in monosyllables ........................................................................................... 46 2.3.1.1 Perceptual performance across language groups .................. 46 2.3.1.2 Summary ............................................................................... 48 2.3.2 Experiment 2: Perception of non-native pitch contrasts in trisyllables .................................................................................................................. 49 2.3.2.1 Perceptual performance across language groups .................. 49 2.3.2.2 Summary ............................................................................... 52 2.3.3 Experiment 3: Perception of non-native positional tones ................ 53 2.3.3.1 Performance across language groups .................................... 53 2.3.3.2 Summary ............................................................................... 57 2.4 General discussion ...................................................................................... 57 2.4.1 Perception of non-native pitch contrasts in monosyllables .............. 58 2.4.2 Perception of non-native pitch contrasts in trisyllables ................... 61 2.4.3 Perception of non-native positional tones in trisyllables ................. 64 2.5 Conclusion .................................................................................................. 65 Chapter 3 Processing of non-native WPCs at the phonological level ....................... 67 3.1 Introduction ................................................................................................ 67 3.2 Method ........................................................................................................ 72 3.2.1 Subject ............................................................................................. 72 3.2.2 Materials and design ........................................................................ 73 3.2.3 Procedure ......................................................................................... 76 3.3 Results & Discussion .................................................................................. 77 3.3.1 Practice ............................................................................................ 77 3.3.2 Overall performance among language groups ................................. 79 3.3.2.1 Results................................................................................... 79 3.3.2.2 Summary ............................................................................... 82 3.3.3 Performance of each language group ............................................... 83 3.3.3.1 Results of Dutch listeners‟ performance ............................... 83 3.3.3.2 Results of Mandarin listeners‟ performance ......................... 84 3.3.3.3 Results of Japanese listeners‟ performance........................... 85 3.3.3.4 Summary ............................................................................... 86 3.4 General discussion ...................................................................................... 87 3.4.1 Overall performance across language groups .................................. 87 3.4.2 Language-specific perceptual patterns ............................................. 88 3.4.3 Influence of position on perception of non-native pitch contrasts phonologically .......................................................................................... 92 3.5 Conclusion .................................................................................................. 95 Chapter 4 Processing of non-native WPCs in word-learning ................................... 97 4.1 Introduction ................................................................................................ 97 4.2. Method ..................................................................................................... 104 4.2.1 Subject ........................................................................................... 104 4.2.2 Stimuli ........................................................................................... 104 4.2.3 Procedure ....................................................................................... 106 4.3 Results and discussion .............................................................................. 109 4.3.1 Performance across groups