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Final Edit Thesis An NDN* in TRANS*ition: The Academic-ish Journal of a Trans/Non-Binary Non-Status Mixed-Nation Urban-Nish by Sarah Conroy A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts The Department of Geography and Planning University of Toronto © Copyright by Sarah Conroy, 2017 ii An NDN* in TRANS*ition: The Academic-ish Journal of a Trans/ Non-Binary Non-Status Mixed-Nation Urban-Nish Sarah Conroy Master of Arts in Human Geography The Department of Geography and Planning University of Toronto 2017 Abstract An archive of my journey in coming to understand the metamorphosis of oral traditions and ceremonies in the urban context and its relation to my own mixed-nation, non- status, and non-binary identities. I tentatively apply the practical knowledge from my undergraduate degree in Aboriginal Studies (now known as Indigenous Studies), where the focus of my work was rooted in Anishinaabemowin (Ojibwe language), Aatisoohkaanan (Algonquin legends), Aatisoohkaanak (Algonquin legendary characters), as they applied to my personal experiences and journey as a mixed urban Indigenous gender-queerdo. Of particular interest are topics such as mixedness, kin/ citizen/member/ship, gender, and where and how they intersect with land, the city, and urban Indigenous experiences. Through this I weave together a foundation for a discussion which centers a queer mixed urban Indigenous experience, a foundation of rich soil from which I intend to take root in and grow. iii Acknowledgements To all the beautiful two-leggeds in my life: Jamaias DaCosta, Kaya linky, Joan and Chris, and young Neil yous are the most kind and loving family and I feel so blessed to have you in my life each and everyday. All of my love to Nimaamaa Pion and papa Veilleux, Dad and Patti, my sweet young brother Liam. So much love, gratitude and respect to all of my ABS/CAI/FNH/Ciimaan relations who raised me up from a young mixed up mixed kid; Kihci miikwec to my mentor, teacher, and good friend Alex McKay as well as his wiiciwaakan Virginia Loescher and their whole clan for welcoming and supporting me. Alex McKay was not only an incredible speaker of many community variations of Anishinaabemowin, but a generous mentor who taught me the large majority of what I know - so none of this would be possible without him. Jennifer Murrin who not only held up ABS/CAI during rocky times but who also happens to be my best friend-sibling, Eileen Antone who will always be my role model in life, Grafton Antone with his smile that fills my heart with joy even when I just think of it, Dawn Antone, Jocelyn Antone, and Sakoieta Widrick yous will always be family, Vern Ross who is such a kind, supportive, and brilliant leader in the Two Spirit and academic communities, Jill Carter whose creative spirit and passion for language continues to inspire me, Daniel Heath Justice for all his guidance and for sharing LOTR high tea with me, Erica Neegan for being so kind and always supportive, Lee Maracle for sharing your wisdom with me in the smokers corner, Tyler Pennock who will always be like a big brother to me, Michael White, Nicole Pennak and Kaakaaki for your unwavering love and for sharing in ceremony with me, Shannon Simpson who is literally a life saver/ hero/the most amazing student support worker, Rochelle Allen whose dedication to and skills in Anishinaabemowin are pure fire, and finally a kihci miikwec to Deborah McGregor for believing in me and getting me into grad school and supporting all my breakdowns. Alan Corbiere for giving me the coolest nickname of life, oh, and for being such a generous and insightful nish-hero, the whole NLC family - all my badass language students who showed up for early morning grammar lessons, Bingo, and the occasional rant, Jesse the Youth With The Truth aka Shiihshiipehns - for being such a dope younger relative. Marie Gaudet and Jimmy Dick for being such badass knowledge iv keepers and Elders, and Nokomis Rosepan Logan for being such a beautiful and generous soul and language teacher. Terry Spanish, aanii aanii aanii - hope you have lots of bologna! Pat Ningewance for being a true language warrior! Doug Williams and Christine Smilie who are two really magical beings, Deb Pine and Bun for taking me in and out onto the ice for the best fishing of my life, Christine Smith MacFarland for being so kind and also such a source of inspiration, Ma-Nee Chacaby for teaching me how to cruise for women in Anishinaabemowin and all the mentorship you’ve provided me with over the years. Nicole Tanguay for being such a fantastic auntie/uncle hybrid. Mel Carroll for hiring me at TASSC and getting some seriously amazing work done. Elwood Jimmy for always being so sweet and also writing the best posts on social media. The BI fasting camp crew; Lillianpan Pitawanakwat & Pogo, Gloria Oshkabewisens- McGregor, Amy Desjarlais, my Thursday night NCCT Social crew Denise Booth, Karina, and the CIT boys for always staying solid, Tannis Nielsen for not only being one of my role models and biggest badasses I’ve ever met but also for spamming me with links to super gorgeous and affordable apartments when I got evicted, Sam Mukwa Naveau for being the slickest kid in the big city - may your network and ego continue to flourish and Tash Naveau, thank you for bringing Sam to the big smoke moreover for being such a gentle soul with a brilliant artistic eye. Much love to my brother Markus, you will forever be my chesty bestie. To my all Indigenous and QTPOC role models and sources of great inspiration, love, and pride; Melody McKiver & Erin Marie Konsmo, Ange Loft & alaska b, Billy-Ray Belcourt, Fallon Simard, Jeremy Dutcher, Teddy Syrette, Jeffery McNeil, Monica Forrester, Elizabeth LaPensee, Erika Iserhoff, Wanda Nanibush, Shane Camastro, Krysta Williams and the whole NYSHN crew. Many thanks to the beautiful souls in the Geography planning, my original wolf pack Sonia and Gwen who were a large part of what kept me grounded in such a new and scary universe, David Seitz for taking me under his wing and always sharing in hilarious and insightful conversations about BAMFs, so many thanks to Deb Cowen for all that you’ve done, and for working so hard to keep me in school and not just giving up on me years ago after slowly backing away from the department, Emily Gilbert for always being so open and understanding of my struggle in academia, and Don Boyes for being a seriously cool guy who managed to get me to do math again and make cool GIS maps. v To all the beautiful more-than-humans in my life: robins, red squirrels and grey birds, geese, the sage grouse, all the wood peckers, Thunderbirds, and winged-creatures of all kinds, my cats Coyote and Taco Mimzy KweKwe, Zepperton who will always be in my heart, Tkaronto ahki, Anishinaabewahki, Skaniyatari:o, the bits of remaining forest around Tkaronto, the islands, the spit and the minks who dwell there, the beavers and red-winged blackbirds in High Park, the unloved city pigeons, green bin raccoons, and the subway rats. ᑭᐦᒋ ᒦᑵᐨ ᓃᐊᐍᐣ ᑭᓇᓈᐢᑯᒥᑎᐣ ᐍᓬᐊᓬᐃᐣ ᒪᕒᓰ ᒦᑵᐨ KIHCI MIIKWEC. NIA:WEN. KINANAASKOMITIN. WELALIN. MARSI. MEEGWETCH. vi Table of Contents Abstract ii Acknowledgments iii-v Table of Contents vi Glossary vii-xi Words Before All Else xii-xiv Chapter 1: Introductions p.1 1.1 Thanksgiving p.1 1.2 Land Acknowledgement p.1-2 1.3 My Introduction p.2-3 1.3.1 My Thesis Introduction p.4-9 1.4 The Stories We Tell p.9-13 1.5 Mixed Up Mixedness p.13-17 1.5.1 Journal Entry 1: Who Am I? p.17-20 1.5.2 Journal Entry 2: Where Am I From? p.20-21 Chapter 2: Language and Legends p.21 2.1 Anishinaabemowin p.21-22 2.1.1 Journal Entry 3: What is Ciimaan? p.22-23 2.1.2 Journal Entry 4: Tell Me About Anishinaabemowin p.23-26 2.2 Aatisoohkaanan p.26 2.2.1 The Five Moons of Winter p.26-27 2.2.2 On Legends p.27-28 2.2.3 What I’ve Learned from Alex p.28-31 2.2.4 Journal Entry 5: Learning How to Think p.31-37 2.3 Changes and Transformations p.37-38 2.3.1 Journal Entry 6: Significance of Change p.38-42 Chapter 3: Who is My Kin? p.42 3.1 Journal Entry 7: Anishinaabe Citizenship p.42-48 3.2 Journal Entry 8: The Good Life p.48-51 3.3 Journal Entry 9: Relationship to Land p.51-59 Chapter 4: Transforming Spaces p.59 4.1 Journey to Grad School in Three Parts p.59 4.1.1 Journal Entry 10: What is Geography? p.59-61 4.1.2 Journal Entry 11: Maps and Things p.61-67 4.1.3 Journal Entry 12: Grad School (dis)Honour Song p.67-70 Chapter 5: Transitions and Ceremonies p.71 5.1 Journal Entry 13: Ceremony as Education p.71-75 5.2 Journal Entry 14: Honouring My Dreams p.75-80 5.3 Two Spirit and His/Her/Their Heart p.80 5.3.1 Niizh Manidoowag p.81 5.3.2 Working from ODE‘ p.81-83 5.4 Journal Entry 15: Aabitoose p.84-89 Chapter 6: Where Do I Go From Here? p.89 6.1 Concluding Questions p.89-92 6.2 Concluding Art p.92-103 References p.104-111 vii Glossary 1.1 Anishinaabemowin ᐊᓂᔑᓈᐯᐠ Anishinaabek - The “First people” or “Good people” referred to by non-Anishinaabek as Ojibwe/Ojibwa/Ojibway person, Anishinaabek is the plural form of Anishinaabe meaning Ojibwe person.
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