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General Geology and Phosphate Deposits 1 of Conception Del Oro District, Zacatecas Mexico

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General Geology and Phosphate Deposits 1 of Conception Del Oro District, Zacatecas Mexico General Geology and Phosphate Deposits 1 of Conception del Oro District, Zacatecas Mexico GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 1037-A Prepared in cooperation with the Institute Nacional para la Investigacion de Recur sos Miner ales, under the auspices of the Technical Cooperation Administration of the Department of State and the Foreign Operations Administration General Geology and Phosphate Deposits of Conception del Oro District, Zacatecas Mexico By CLEAVES L. ROGERS, ZOLTAN DE CSERNA, EUGENIC TAVERA, and SALVADOR ULLOA GEOLOGIC INVESTIGATIONS IN THE AMERICAN REPUBLICS GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 1037-A Prepared in cooperation with the Institute Nacional para la Investigacion de Recur sos Miner ales, under the auspices of the Technical Cooperation Administration of the Department of State and the Foreign Operations Administration UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1956 A UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Douglas McKay, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Thomas B. Nolan, Director For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office Washington 25, D. C. CONTENTS Page Abstract _________________________________________________________ 1 Introduction. _____________________________________________________ 2 Purpose and scope of the investigation___________________________ 2 Geographic features of the area,_________________________________ 2 History of the district__________________________________________ 5 Earlier work in the area,_ _ _____________________________________ 6 Fieldwork and acknowledgments_____________________________ 7 Sedimentary rocks _________________________________________________ 8 Basement rocks _______________________________________________ 11 Jurassic system,_______________________________________________ 11 Zuloaga limestone_____________________________ .___________ 13 La Caja formation.__________________ ______________________ 15 Unit A______ ______________________________ 17 Unit B____ _____________________________________ 18 Unit C____________________________________________ 20 Unit D____ __________________________________ 21 Paleoecology_ _________________________________________ 23 Cretaceous system,______________________________________ 24 Taraises formation,_________________________________________ 24 Cupido limestone.___________________________________________ 25 La Pena formation._________________________________________ 25 Cuesta del Cura limestone-_____________ ___________________ 26 Indidura formation,_______________________________________ 28 Caracol formation ____________________________________________ 30 Parras shale_ _______________________________________________ 32 Tertiary system _________________________________________________ 33 Mazapil conglomerate______________________________________ 33 Quaternary system,_____________________________________________ 34 Lake beds and conglomerate-_______________________________ 34 Alluvium.________________________________________________ 35 Igneous and metamorphic rocks _____________________________________ 35 Tertiary intrusive rocks ________________________________________ 35 Granodiorite and diorite_____________________________________ 35 Concepciou del Oro and Providencia stocks.______________ 35 Nochebuena stock_______ ______________________________ 37 San Feliciano phacolith(?) ______________________________ 38 Hornblende-pyroxene andesite and associated aplite____________ 39 Dacite porphyry_________________________________________ 41 Andesite _________________________________________________ 43 Rhyolite__ ______________________________________________ 43 Contact metamorphism and mineralization _______________________ 44 ^ Concepcion del Oro and Providencia stocks___________________ 44 iVochebuena stock _________________________________________ 46 San .Feliciano phacolith(?) __________________________________ 47 in IV CONTENTS Igneous and metamorphic rocks Continued Page Tertiary extrusive rocks_ _______________________________________ 47 Agglomerate (?) ____________________________________________ 48 Rhyolite flows_______________________________________ ______ 50 Basalt flows_____--_____________-___---_-_---__-__________ 50 Structural geology __________________________________ 51 Folds___..--__-_-_-----_______ ________ ______________ 51 Faulting______________________________________________________ 52 Major structural units __________________________________________ 53 Canutillo anticline._____________________________ 53 La Caja anticline,_________________________________________ 55 Santa Rosa anticline,________________________________ 59 Santa Rita anticline. __ ___-_________________________________ 61 Geologic history.___________________________________________________ 62 Phosphate deposits_________________________________________________ 67 The phosphate mineral (fluorapatite)_________-__--_________"______ 67 Lithology, petrography, and chemical composition.-_______________ 70 Calcareous phosphorite.____________________________________ 70 Cherty calcareous phosphorite___________-__-________________ 74 Phosphatic cherty limestone________________________________ 76 Phosphatic calcareous chert_____ _____________ 79 Phosphatic limestone.________---____-____-_-_-_--__________ 80 Phosphatic calcareous siltstone______________________________ 82 Phosphatic rocks adjacent to phosphatic member______________ 82 Origin__ _____________________________ 83 Reserves ______________________________________________________ 87 Possible utilization of phosphate rock_ ___________________________ 89 Phosphate industry in Mexico____ ___---_-_____---__-________________ 92 Bibliography __ ____________________________________________________ 94 Metric equivalents,________________________________ 98 Index____________________________________________________________ 99 ILLUSTRATIONS PLATE 1. Geologic map and structure sections of the Concepcion del Oro district, Zacatecas_________-_-_______-_-__-_-___ In pocket 2. Map showing sample localities, columnar sections, analytical data, and reserves of phosphate rock ________________ In pocket Page FICURB 1. Index map of Mexico showing location of area studied ______ 3 2. Aerial view, looking westward, of northern part of area mapped._________ ___________________________________ 4 3. Correlation of Burckhardt's stratigraphic units and those of the present writers____________________________________ 9 4. Correlation of Jurassic and Cretaceous formations of north- central and eastern Mexico ____________________________ 10 5. Age determinations of index fossils of the Upper Jurassic Ci " -* ' Mexico, according to Burckhardt and Iinlay_____________ 12 6. Flat-lying Zuloaga limestone in the western part of the Sierra de La Caja_________________________________ _________ 13 CONTENTS V ' Page FIGURE 7. View of the north flank of the Sierra de Santa Rita, showing La Caja formation____________________________________ 16 8. View of a typical contact between^the^La Caja and Taraises formations_______ _______________ ___________ 17 9. View showing typical lithology of unit D of the La Caja formation.__________________________ 22 11). Cuesta del Cura limestone, showing wavy bedding and chert__ 27 1L. View showing lower beds of the Iiididura formation, north flank of the Sierra de Santa Rosa_______________________ 29 12. View of the Caracol formation, south flank of the Sierra de Canutillo________________________________ 30 13. View of the Parras shale near village of Bonanza.__________ 32 14. View of the dacite intrusive body of Las Parroquias, Sierra de Santa Rosa__________________________________________ 41 15. View showing crumpled, metamorphosed Cuesta del Cura limestone,___________________________________________ 46 16. Aerial view, looking westward, of the Sierra de Santa Rosa_ _ 49 17. View of the scarp formed along Canutillo fault north of Novillo,s_ _ ___________________________________________ 54 18. View of Cerro de La Campana, with Concepci6n del Oro in foreground, showing Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous strata__ 56 19. Longitudinal sections showing differences in thickness of the La Caja formation in the Sierra de Santa Rosa___________ 64 20. Exposure of phosphatic unit of La Caja formation in Canon de La Canela, Sierra de Santa Rosa_ ___________________ 70 21. Photomicrograph of calcareous phosphorite.____ __________ 72 22. Photomicrograph of calcareous phosphorite ________________ 72 23. Photomicrograph of calcareous phosphorite, under crossed nicols ______________-__________---_-____--_- 73 24. Photomicrograph of cherty calcareous phosphorite__________ 75 25. Photomicrograph of phosphatic cherty limestone. __________ 76 26. Photomicrograph of phosphatic calcareous chert____________ 79 27. Photomicrograph of phosphatic limestone. _________________ 81 TABLES TABLE 1. Chemical analyses of rock samples from the La Caja formation, Puerto Blanco, Sierra de Santa Rosa____________________-_ 19 2. Modal composition of granodiorite_________________________ 36 3. Modal composition of representative specimens of diorite______ 38 4. Partial chemical analyses of two samples of wollastonite from the Sierra de La Caja___________________________________ 47 5. Results of spectrographic analyses of 30 samples of phosphate rock from the Concepci6n del Oro district _________________ 69 6. Partial chemical analyses of five samples of calcareous phos­ phorite from the Sierra de Santa Rosa____________________ 74 v. _ 7. Partial chemical analyses of phosphatic rock from the Sierra de Santa Rosa___________________________________________
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