Fundamentals of Passive Optical LAN Brought to You by the Association for Passive Optical LAN (APOLAN)
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Evolution of Access Network Sharing and Its Role in 5G Networks
applied sciences Review Evolution of Access Network Sharing and Its Role in 5G Networks Nima Afraz * , Frank Slyne , Harleen Gill and Marco Ruffini * CONNECT Centre, Trinity College, The University of Dublin, 2 Dublin, Ireland; [email protected] (F.S.); [email protected] (H.G.) * Correspondence: [email protected] (N.A.); marco.ruffi[email protected] (M.R.) Received: 3 October 2019; Accepted: 18 October 2019; Published: 28 October 2019 Abstract: This paper details the evolution of access network sharing models from legacy DSL to the most recent fibre-based technology and the main challenges faced from technical and business perspectives. We first give an overview of existing access sharing models, that span physical local loop unbundling and virtual unbundled local access. We then describe different types of optical access technologies and highlight how they support network sharing. Next, we examine how the concept of SDN and network virtualization has been pivotal in enabling the idea of “true multi-tenancy”, through the use of programmability, flexible architecture and resource isolation. We give examples of recent developments of cloud central office and OLT virtualization. Finally, we provide an insight into the role that novel business models, such as blockchain and smart contract technology, could play in 5G networks. We discuss how these might evolve, to provide flexibility and dynamic operations that are needed in the data and control planes. Keywords: access networks; network sharing; 5G networks; multi tenancy; optical access; sharing economics 1. Introduction By its nature, a telecommunications network is a shared resource that interconnects multiple nodes. Network sharing is part of a fundamental principle of statistical multiplexing of link capacity. -
EPON Architecture and Testing.Pdf
EPON Architecture and Testing SUMMARY: - Increase knowledge and skill set around FTTH / PON technologies and test procedures OUTLINE: • FTTH/PON Introduction - Background - Architectures - Components • FTTH Deployment and Maintenance Phases: - Construction - Service Activation - Maintenance - Service Performance • FTTH Testing Tools • Summary • Q & A viavisolutions.com © 2018 VIAVI Solutions Inc. 2 FTTH / PON Introduction: - Background - Architectures - Components 3 Why is the Passive Optical Network (PON) so Different? CPE HE or Hub CPE HE or Hub Wavelength 1 Wavelength 3 Wavelength 2 Downstream signal Upstream signal OLT- Optical Line Termination • Purely passive network ONU- Optical Network Unit ONT- Optical Network Terminal • Point to multi-point architecture • Downstream data transmitted to all ONTs and filtered based on port ID • Upstream uses Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) • Each ONT gets a different time slot viavisolutions.com © 2018 VIAVI Solutions Inc. 4 PON Wavelength Allocation • Today’s EPON & GPON systems utilize 2 wavelengths for communication - Downstream 2.5 Gbps at 1490 nm - Upstream 1.2 Gbps at 1310 nm • RF overlay at 1550 nm • Overlay of 2 new λ for 10 Gbps services of XGS-PON or 10G-EPON - Downstream 10 Gbps at 1577 nm - Upstream 10 Gbps at 1270 nm • NG-PON2 supports multiple 10Gbps wavelengths - Downstream 4/8 x 10 Gbps at 4/8 TWDM wavelengths between 1598 – 1603 nm - Upstream 4/8 x 10 Gbps at 4/8 TWDM wavelengths between 1524 – 1544 nm • Additional window for high speed PtP WDM channels: 1603 – 1625 nm • Wavelength window for in-service testing (OTDR): 1625 nm – 1675 nm NG-PON2 XGS-PON NG-PON2 Up RF Down Down XGS-PON GPON GPON PtP Up Up Down WDM OTDR 1260 1280 1290 1330 1480 1500 1524-1544 1575-1581 1598-1603 1603-1625 1625 - 1675 1550 Source: FTTH EMEA D&O Committee FTTH Poland 2015 viavisolutions.com © 2018 VIAVI Solutions Inc. -
The Fifth Generation Fixed Network (F5G): Bringing Fibre to Everywhere and Everything
ETSI White Paper No. #41 The Fifth Generation Fixed Network (F5G): Bringing Fibre to Everywhere and Everything 1st edition – September 2020 ISBN No. 979-10-92620-36-5 ETSI 06921 Sophia Antipolis CEDEX, France Tel +33 4 92 94 42 00 [email protected] www.etsi.org Contributing organizations and authors Altice Portugal José Palma, Pedro Maduro CAICT Qian Liu ETSI Hakim Mkinsi Futurewei Xiang Liu, Frank Effenberger Huawei Hongyu Li, Yupeng Xiong, Jun Zhou, Marcus Brunner, Qidong Zou Orange Philippe Chanclou Sampol Juan del Junco TIM Luca Pesando The Fifth Generation Fixed Network: Bringing Fibre to Everywhere and Everything 2 Contents Contributing organizations and authors 2 Contents 3 Executive Summary 5 1 Introduction 6 2 Why F5G? 6 2.1 Why F5G is necessary 6 2.2 Fixed Network Evolution 7 2.2.1 The evolution of fixed Access Network 7 2.2.2 The evolution of Aggregation Network 8 2.2.3 The evolution of Customer Premises Network 9 3 F5G overview 9 3.1 F5G general description 9 3.2 F5G Use Cases 10 4 Main features and technologies of F5G 12 4.1 F5G main features overview 12 4.2 Enhanced Fixed BroadBand (eFBB) 13 4.3 Full-Fibre Connection (FFC) 14 4.3 Guaranteed Reliable Experience (GRE) 15 5 Value of F5G 17 6 Evolution of F5G 19 References 20 Glossary 21 The Fifth Generation Fixed Network: Bringing Fibre to Everywhere and Everything 3 The Fifth Generation Fixed Network: Bringing Fibre to Everywhere and Everything 4 Executive Summary Fibre networks are the foundation of the twin transitions (green and digital) of our society, providing sustainable and cost-efficient communication with high bandwidth, stability, reliability and reduced latency, enabling a sustainable economic growth through advanced services and applications for users, businesses, and industries. -
TECHNOLOGY MASTER PLAN PROJECT MEETING Information Gathering
STATE CENTER COMMUNITY COLLEGE DISTRICT TECHNOLOGY MASTER PLAN PROJECT MEETING Information Gathering Initial Background Information Data Dump – Current technology standards – Existing cable infrastructure CAD drawings and construction documents – Logical network design & as-built documentation Discovery – Electronic Questionnaires – Site Visits – Focus Group Discussion 5/14/2018 2 Information Gathering (cont…) Steering / Policy Committee (Provide oversight, leadership and direction on business objectives and priorities) • Departmental leadership • Project oversight • Departmental coordination • Budget & policy guidance • Final review / comment on standards and construction documents Technology Working Groups (Provide direction, technical and financial details, and other operational input) • SCCCD & tk1sc subject matter experts (SME’s) • Discuss technology baselines • Discuss technology issues, gaps, and priorities • Review / comment on working drafts of standards and construction documents 5/14/2018 3 Analysis & Prioritization Current State Where Are We Now? Desired State Where Do We Want To Go? What are the SCCCD priorities? What Do We Need To Do Get There? 5/14/2018 4 Recommendations & Consensus Working Group Outputs Recommendations for standards and technology updates Summarize findings into priority (High, Medium, Low) with respect to district goals and objectives Department / Location: District Wide Gap Analysis: Existing fiber backbone does not support 100gb networking and on demand provisioning. Recommendations: Upgrade to single -
Learning Guide –13
INSTALLATION CONSTRUCTION WORKS Level - I Learning Guide –13 Unit of Competence Perform Roughing-In Activities for Communication and Distribution Systems Module Title Performing Roughing-In Activities for Communication and Distribution Systems LG Code: CON ICW1 M13 LO1-LG-13 TTLM Code: CON ICW1 TTLM 05 19v1 LO No 1:- Install electrical metallic conduit Instruction Sheet Learning Guide #- This learning guide is developed to provide you the necessary information regarding the following content coverage and topics – Interpreting electrical drawings .Determining correct quantities of metallic conduit and accessories Selecting tools and equipment Inserting and tightening conduit Bending conduit Installing conduit couplings and elbows Conduit threading cutting required conduit length Following Safety procedures This guide will also assist you to attain the learning outcome stated in the cover page. Specifically, upon completion of this Learning Guide, you will be able to – o Interpret electrical drawings o .Determine correct quantities of metallic conduit and accessories o Select tools and equipment o Insert and tightening conduit o Bend conduit o Install conduit couplings and elbows o Thread conduit o Cut required conduit length o Follow Safety procedures Learning Instructions: 1. Read the specific objectives of this Learning Guide. 2. Follow the instructions described in number 3 to 20. 3. Read the information written in the “Information Sheets 1”. Try to understand what are being discussed. Ask your teacher for assistance if you have hard time understanding them. 4. Accomplish the “Self-check 1” in page -. 5. Ask from your teacher the key to correction (key answers) or you can request your teacher to correct your work. -
Understanding FTTH Architecture TOPOLOGY and COMPONENTS
Understanding FTTH Architecture TOPOLOGY AND COMPONENTS TODD M. CORCORAN, RTPM, CFHP TECHNICAL PROGRAM MANAGER Q: What is meant by a Central Office or a Hut? A: The location where all major electronics for the system are housed for a given town. Q: What is topology? A: In a FTTH system, the word “topology” in is most often used with the physical fiber plant or Outside Plant (OSP). Q: What is splice closure or case? A: A fiber management product that protects and houses optical splices. Q: What is a PON? A: A PassiveUnderstanding Optical Network that distributes an optical signal from the CO to the customer. Q: What is Active Ethernet? A: A techniqueGeneral that uses Ethernet Terms (a data communications protocol) as the main transmission method over fiber optics with data rates up to 1 Gb/s. Q: What is meant by G-PON? A: Gigabit PON is a system that handles data rates up to 2.5 Gb/s. Q: What is meant by an OLT, ONT, and splitter? A: OLT - Optical Line Terminal, located in the CO or hut, is the interface to the customer and provides the subscribed services. ONT – Optical Line Terminal, located at the customer/subscribers location, converts the optical media being sent by the OLT. Splitter - A passive device that splits the light source in separate paths. Splice Fiber Cables for FTTx Closure Drop ONT • Single-mode fiber (SMF) is used in a FTTx application • Optical fiber is the transmission component of the ODN Feeder Cables – These cables are the main cable(s) being routed through a populated area. -
Meet Escalating Broadband Demand with Fiber to the Home
REFERENCE ARCHITECTURE Service Providers Smart and Connected Home Meet escalating broadband demand with fiber optic communications Intel offers a range of technology options for the service provider and on- premises equipment to enable fiber to the home Executive Summary Service providers are facing ever greater demand for broadband, as homes and What You’ll Find in This Document businesses connect more devices, and increasingly consume data-hungry media This solution provides a starting services. Next generation speed tiers will require multiple gigabits per second (Gbps) point for creating fiber to the home of bandwidth capability and extremely low latency. Service providers are looking to (FTTH) technologies. Passive Optical Network (PON) technologies to deliver these gigabit services. If you are responsible for: This document outlines the key architectural components of fiber to the home (FTTH) technologies, including the service provider’s and the on-premises • Investment decisions and business strategy… equipment. Intel offers a range of technology options for OEMs to choose from as You’ll learn how Intel® they build these technologies end-to-end, including processors with dedicated technologies can help you to communications and networking capabilities and Field Programmable Gate Arrays deliver FTTH, so you can meet (FPGAs). This document will help OEMs to understand these options, and to make customer expectations for fast choices based on their own architecture preferences. and high bandwidth internet connections. • Figuring out how to implement FTTH… You’ll learn about the architecture components and how they work together to create a cohesive business ONU solution. OLT Optical Splitter ONU Figure 1. FTTH enables high speed communications over a shared fiber optic cable Intel provides a range of technology solutions for all the key points in the network. -
Telecom Basics
Basic Concepts of Telecommunication [Part 1] Prepared By : Tilak De Silva - Expert Assisted By : Chandima Ranasinghe 25.11.2005 Telecom Basics 1. What is a telephone Access Network? The network used to connect the telephone-to-telephone exchange. 2. What is Wired and Wireless? The connection between telephone and exchange can be two copper wires or radio wave. If copper wires are used it is called wired connection. It is required two wires to connect the telephone and exchange. It is called a local loop. This connection also can be provided by a radio wave. It is called a Wireless Local Loop (WLL). 3. What is a fixed telephone? If the telephone is not moved from its position it is called a fixed telephone. 4. Who are the fixed line operators in Sri Lanka? Sri Lanka Telecom Suntel Bell - 1 - SLT provides both wired and wireless local loops. Suntel and Bell provides wireless local loops only, therefore they are called WLL operators. 5. Show the path of wired connection 6. What are the devices/Stages involved to a wired connection? Telephone exchange MDF Cabinet DP Telephone 7. What is the function of telephone exchange? When a telephone dials a number it is received by the telephone exchange and analyses the number and connect to the relevant telephone via the remote exchange. For the calls received from the remote exchange the originated telephone exchange checks whether the relevant telephone is free or busy. If the telephone is busy the busy tone is sent to the other exchange. If the telephone is not busy the ring back tone is sent to the other exchange. -
Ethernet Passive Optical Networks EPON
Ethernet Passive Optical Networks EPON IEEE 802.3 Ethernet in the First Mile Study Group January 8-9, 2001, Irvine, CA Gerry Pesavento Alloptic, Inc. Tel 925-245-7647 Email [email protected] 3-Jan-01 Discussion 1. What is an Ethernet Passive Optical Network (EPON) 2. Applications for Ethernet PONs 3. Ethernet PONs vs. ATM PONs 4. Can Ethernet PONs provide QoS 5. EPON Standard Discussion 3-Jan-01 What is an Ethernet PON? • Ethernet PONs are Point-to-Multipoint Passive Optical Networks • Used for FTTC, FTTB, FTTH, FTTN • Provides voice, data and video services (POTs, Ethernet, T1/T3, etc) • Provides dynamically allocated bandwidth (1 to 1000 Mbps) and service to each ONU • Switch/Router interfaces to Metro/Core Equipment • Passive Optical Splitters eliminate active electronics in the local loop • Optical Network Units behave like DSL or Cable Modems, on speed • Typical deployments have 4 to 32 Optical Network Units • Single fiber deployments with 1550 (1510) nm downstream and 1310 nm upstream • Downstream is a broadcast point to multipoint • Upstream requires a multiple access protocol for multipoint to point 3-Jan-01 Ethernet PON Frames, Time Slots passive Time slots optical splitter EPONs PONs are point-to-multipoint optical network using optical splitters Downstream à Ethernet frames are broadcast and extracted based on MAC address of frames Upstream ß Multiple access protocol; variable time slots, variable frame size ATM PON – fixed 56 byte (53 byte cell + 3 byte dead zone) Ethernet PON – variable time slot and frame size -
Telecommunications Design Standards
Telecommunications Design Standards Revision 21.5 – October 4, 2017 Colorado State University 1 Table of Contents Chapter 1: Introduction .............................................................................................. 3 1. Departments Involved in Design Process ........................................................... 3 2. Applicable Standards ......................................................................................... 3 3. General Guidelines ............................................................................................. 4 4. Equipment and Materials Specifications ............................................................. 4 Chapter 2: Horizontal Infrastructure ........................................................................... 6 Chapter 3: Communications Rooms .......................................................................... 9 1. Main Distribution Room – MDF ..................................................................... 9 2. Intermediate Distribution Room (IDF) ......................................................... 11 3. Campus Room Types ................................................................................. 13 4. Grounding and Bonding .............................................................................. 14 Chapter 4: Riser/Building Backbone Infrastructure .................................................. 17 Chapter 5: Building Entrance Infrastructure ............................................................. 19 1. General ...................................................................................................... -
DOCSIS Provisioning of GPON Specifications Dpogv1.0 Dpog
DOCSIS® Provisioning of GPON Specifications DPoGv1.0 DPoG Architecture Specification DPoG-SP-ARCHv1.0-C01-160830 CLOSED Notice This DPoGTM specification is the result of a cooperative effort undertaken at the direction of Cable Television Laboratories, Inc. for the benefit of the cable industry and its customers. You may download, copy, distribute, and reference the documents herein only for the purpose of developing products or services in accordance with such documents, and educational use. Except as granted by CableLabs® in a separate written license agreement, no license is granted to modify the documents herein (except via the Engineering Change process), or to use, copy, modify or distribute the documents for any other purpose. This document may contain references to other documents not owned or controlled by CableLabs. Use and understanding of this document may require access to such other documents. Designing, manufacturing, distributing, using, selling, or servicing products, or providing services, based on this document may require intellectual property licenses from third parties for technology referenced in this document. To the extent this document contains or refers to documents of third parties, you agree to abide by the terms of any licenses associated with such third party documents, including open source licenses, if any. Cable Television Laboratories, Inc. 2014 - 2016 DPoG-SP-ARCHv1.0-C01-160830 DPoGv1.0 DISCLAIMER This document is furnished on an "AS IS" basis and neither CableLabs nor its members provides any representation or warranty, express or implied, regarding the accuracy, completeness, noninfringement, or fitness for a particular purpose of this document, or any document referenced herein. -
Passive Optical Lan Product Guide Not Just Products
PASSIVE OPTICAL LAN PRODUCT GUIDE NOT JUST PRODUCTS. ANSWERS. 3 DEPLOYMENT 4 ARCHITECTURES 1 Depending upon the facility layout, user needs, as well as other factors, POL may be deployed in various configurations: 1 Centralized Split Architecture 2 Zone Split Architecture 3 Remotely-Powered ONT Architecture 4 Hybrid Solution Architecture 2 THE OCC TEAM GETS IT. The more complex your network becomes, the TABLE OF CONTENTS more challenging it is to know which products to use, how to integrate them, PAGE 4 Centralized Split how to budget for them, and how to ensure your network runs with minimal PAGE 5 Zone Split PAGE 6 Remote Powered ONT downtime. In addition to providing an extensive Passive Optical LAN (POL) PAGE 7 Hybrid Solution product set, OCC experts can assist you in building the ideal solution for your PAGE 8 Product Highlights specific POL challenge. PAGE 10 Customer Support & Warranty Information PAGE 11 Glossary of Terms OCC's customers rely on us for more than just products. Our customers count on OCC's design-build expertise and broad portfolio of end-to-end solutions for the seamless integration and optimum reliability of the network. OCCFIBER.COM 2 WHAT IS PASSIVE OPTICAL LAN? Passive Optical LAN technology is a point-to-multi-point architecture that provides the capability to securely deliver voice, data, and IP video and/or broadband video over a single strand of optical fiber. This architecture is based upon carrier-grade passive optical network technology that has been reliably utilized in fiber-to-the-home deployments for many years, as well as hospitality, residential, and commerical applications.