Conservation Area Character Appraisal

Fintry

The name of the village is said to derive from the Gaelic for Fair Land (OSA, c.1793)

Cover: Main Street looking east with former mill workers’ rows on the right and the village hall on the left.

Fintry Conservation Area Appraisal - July 2015 ii

Contents

1.0 Introduction ...... 1

1.1 Background ...... 1 1.2 Methodology ...... 2 1.3 Copyright ...... 2 2.0 Summary of Significance ...... 4

3.0 Location and Population ...... 7

3.1 Location ...... 7 3.2 Population ...... 8 4.0 Historic Context ...... 9

4.1 Origins and Development ...... 9 4.2 Archaeological Significance and Potential ...... 13 5.0 Character and Appearance ...... 14

5.1 Setting ...... 15 5.2 Character Areas ...... 20 5.3 Buildings and Townscape ...... 22 5.4 Open Spaces, Trees and Landscaping ...... 26 5.5 Public Realm ...... 30 6.0 Conservation Area Management ...... 32

6.1 Negative Factors ...... 32 6.2 Summary of Vulnerability ...... 35 6.3 Buildings at Risk and Sensitive Areas...... 35 6.4 Conservation Area Boundaries ...... 36 6.5 Potential Listed Buildings ...... 37 6.6 Opportunities for Development ...... 38 6.7 Opportunities for Planning Action ...... 38 6.8 Opportunities for Enhancement ...... 39 6.9 Monitoring and Review ...... 39 Bibliography ...... 40

Appendices ...... 41

Fintry Conservation Area Appraisal - July 2015 iii

Tables

Table 1: Fintry Conservation Area: Key Characteristics ...... 6

Table 2: Fintry Conservation Area: Character & Appearance ...... 24

Table 2: Fintry Conservation Area: Character & Appearance (cont.) ...... 25

Table 3: Fintry Conservation Area: Open Spaces, Trees and Landscaping ...... 28

Table 4: Fintry Conservation Area: Listed Buildings ...... 42

Fintry Conservation Area Appraisal - July 2015 iv

1.0 Introduction

1.1 Background The purpose of this document is to provide an illustrated appraisal of the Fintry Conservation Area following national legislation and governmental guidelines (refer bibliography).

First introduced in 1967, conservation areas are defined in Section 61(1) (a) of The Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) (Scotland) Act 1997 as:

“…areas of special architectural or historic interest the character or appearance of which it is desirable to preserve or enhance.”

More specifically, Historic Scotland’s Scottish Historic Environment Policy Annex 3 (2009) stipulates that:

“It is the character or historic interest of an area created by individual buildings and open spaces and their relationship one with the other which the legislation covering conservation areas seeks to preserve.”

Under Section 63 (1) of the 1997 Act, local authorities are required to “formulate and publish from time to time proposals for the preservation and enhancement of any parts of their district which are conservation areas.” Furthermore, the Scottish Government’s policy Scottish Planning Policy (SSP, Para. 144, 2014) states that “Conservation Area Appraisals should inform development management decisions.”

In order to carry out the proper preservation and enhancement of the conservation area it is necessary to first have a full and detailed understanding of all the factors which contribute to the special character and interest of the area. This is the objective of the Conservation Area Appraisal.

In accordance with Planning Advice Note: Conservation Area Management (PAN 71, 2005), the appraisal is a vital tool to enable the active management of the conservation area and aims to:

 Identify factors and features which create the special interest of the conservation area;  Review and justify the boundaries of the conservation area;  Provide a basis for developing & implementing a conservation area management strategy;  Identify opportunities and priorities for enhancement;

Fintry Conservation Area Appraisal - July 2015 1

 Assist policy formulation and inform development plans;  Inform Development Control to ensure consistent decision making;  Form supplementary guidance in the protection and enhancement of the conservation area.

In turn this will:

 Enable Stirling Council to fulfil its statutory duty to preserve and enhance its conservation areas;  Increase public awareness on the special needs and characteristics of their area;  Assist owners and developers identify and formulate their development proposals;  Form supporting documentation for any future funding bids.

1.2 Methodology This report draws on a number of academic and practical guidelines. As a result, the appraisal relies upon both field and desk study and it should be recognised that the appraisal is not intended to be comprehensive; the omission of any particular building, feature or space should not imply that it is of no interest.

The appraisal has been prepared by Sonya Linskaill RIAS RIBA on behalf of Stirling Council’s Planning Department. Initial research was undertaken in March 2011, updated by Stirling Council in September 2012 and August 2014 to produce a Conservation Area Character Statement (Supplementary Planning Guidance SG07).

This initial Statement was reviewed and extended in February 2015 by Sonya Linskaill RIAS RIBA on behalf of Stirling Council’s Planning Department to produce a full Conservation Area Appraisal which will replace the Statement as Supplementary Planning Guidance.

1.3 Copyright The appraisal is the property of Stirling Council. All Ordnance Survey maps in the document are Crown copyright and reproduced under Stirling Council licence ref 1000020780 (2011). Historic maps marked © National Library of Scotland are reproduced by permission of the National Library of Scotland. Roy’s map is reproduced with the permission of The British Library, licensor www.scran.ac.uk, licence ref 000-000-609-461-R (2015). No map in this document should be reproduced without the right holder’s permission.

Fintry Conservation Area Appraisal - July 2015 2

Fintry Conservation Area

A B

C D

E F Fig 1A: Fintry Bridge over the Endrick Water; B: former Stewart’s School at the crossroads of Kippen Road and Main Street with the enclosing Fintry Hills beyond; C & D: 2-storey rows of former mill workers’ houses; E: Menzies Village Hall; F: example of a number of 2-storey traditional houses.

Fintry Conservation Area Appraisal - July 2015 3

2.0 Summary of Significance Fintry is a small riverside village located south-west of Stirling, nestled in the strath of the Endrick Water between the Campsie Fells and the Fintry Hills. The small industrial ‘new town’ of Fintry developed north-west of the original clachan following the establishment of the Culcreuch cotton spinning mill in the eighteenth century. Fintry Conservation Area is centred on its long Main Street, set out on the south bank of the river across the Fintry Bridge from the original Culcreuch mill site. The conservation area has considerable historic significance for a number of interrelated reasons, all of which contribute to its character and appearance:

 An historic industrial settlement developed with the opening of Peter Spiers’ Culcreuch cotton spinning mill in the 1790s, most probably on an earlier site; a mill and two small settlements were recorded in the mid-eighteenth century.

 Examples of former mill workers’ housing alongside traditional buildings from the later eighteenth and turn of the nineteenth centuries.

 An attractive rural setting below the Fintry Hills and Campsie Fells.

Fintry is one of 26 conservation areas which have been designated within the Stirling Council area to safeguard the settlement’s distinctive historical form and character.(fig 2).

“The designation of a conservation area is a means to safeguard and enhance the sense of place, character and appearance of our most valued historic places.” (PAN 71: Conservation Area Management, 2005, 1)

Fintry Conservation Area Appraisal - July 2015 4

Fig 2: Fintry indicating the conservation area (shaded in orange) © Crown

Fintry Conservation Area Appraisal - July 2015 5

Fintry Conservation Area is characterised by:

Its setting:  On the south bank of the Endrick Water in the river valley between the Campsie Fells and Fintry Hills.  The B818 runs straight through the village on Main Street with a secondary route north to Kippen.  Roadside street pattern dominated by planned mill housing rows on the south side of Main Street.

Its landmarks:  Fintry Bridge and the Endrick Water.  Menzies Village Hall.  Former Stewart’s School and Coronation Fountain.

Its buildings:  Predominately 2-storey traditional houses and mill workers’ rows from the late 18th and turn of the 19th century.  Scots slate roofs gable to gable with continuous finishes, no dormers or skews; with prominent chimneys.  Rubble stone wall construction, now generally painted (traditionally harled and lime washed).

Its vulnerability:  Wholly unlisted fabric (except telephone box and Fintry Bridge).  Already altered fabric (should not be regarded as a precedent).  Buildings in multiple ownership; changes to one property (such as inappropriate replacement or adaptation) affect individual properties, the rows and the wider conservation area context.  Erosion of roofscape (including chimneys), a key component in the character of the individual rows.  Erosion of the setting by loss or poor management of public realm, green space, mature trees, and woodlands.

Table 1: Fintry Conservation Area: Key Characteristics

Fintry Conservation Area Appraisal - July 2015 6

3.0 Location and Population This chapter places the conservation area in its geographical and regional context.

3.1 Location

“…the modern village of Newtown of Fintry, founded to house the workers of the cotton mill...” (Gifford & Walker, 2002, 510)

Fintry is situated south-west of the City of Stirling on the B818, approximately 16 miles from the city. The City of Stirling is the major civic centre of the region approximately 30 miles from Glasgow and 35 miles from Edinburgh on the M90; grid reference NS 615867 (fig 3).

Fig 3: Map of Stirling Council area showing Fintry (Loch Lomond & the Trossachs National Park is shaded).

Fintry Conservation Area Appraisal - July 2015 7

The village is situated on the B818 (Crow Road) at its junction with the B822 from Kippen; nestled in the strath of the Endrick Water between the Campsie Fells and the Fintry Hills (fig 4).

Fig 4: Fintry, showing the location below the Campsie Fells and Fintry Hills. © Crown

3.2 Population Fintry is a small village with a population of about 700 (2014) in total, with 150 people living in the conservation area.

The City of Stirling is the largest settlement in the Stirling Council area, its population is around 33,700 with almost 46,000 living the greater urban area (2008).

Similarly to Scotland as a whole, the population of the Stirling Council area is predicted to increase by 7% by 2033. Development pressures may therefore increase.

Fintry Conservation Area Appraisal - July 2015 8

4.0 Historic Context This chapter outlines the reasons behind the origin of the settlement and makes reference to key periods of political or economic change, former uses and phases of development and their effects on shaping the physical form of the settlement. The emphasis is on the survival of those elements which have determined the form of the conservation area today.

4.1 Origins and Development

Early origins The original settlement of Fintry was the clachan less than a mile south-east of the existing village where the Gonachan Burn meets the Endrick Water. This original kirktoun was established on an ancient religious site, a church having stood there since the thirteenth century (Gifford, 2002). Pont’s map (ca.1583-1614) records a house at Kilcroich and house or church at Fintray. Further east from the kirk was the seat of the Grahams of Fintry (fig 5: Fintray Hall).

Fig 5: Roy’s map (1747-1755): records the Kirk of Fintray, and further east the early seat of the Grahams at Fintray Hall. West of the kirk are The Street, Crofthead and a mill across the river. This suggests an earlier origin to the existing settlement than Peter Spiers’ mill and housing rows. Note the 16th century Culcreuch castle (Kilcroigh) north of the mill within landscaped gardens. © The British Library

Eighteenth and nineteenth centuries Roy’s military map (fig 5) surveyed in the mid-eighteenth century illustrates a small cluster of buildings called The Street situated north-west of the Kirk and another cluster at Crofthead at the foot of a burn entering the Endrick; both on the south bank of the Endrick Water with a mill on the opposite north bank. This cartographic evidence suggests an earlier origin to the mill town than the existing planned town which was constructed by Peter Spiers in the 1790s. There are also a number of low cottages and early 2-storey houses in the village which may predate the 1790s mill housing (figs 15, 18E & F).

Peter Spiers had purchased Culcreuch Castle in 1769 (McKean, 1985), an early sixteenth century tower house to the north-east of the river (fig 5; now a hotel). Spiers’ Newtown of

Fintry Conservation Area Appraisal - July 2015 9

Fintry is recorded in the first Statistical Account (OSA, c.1793) which describes the new cotton mill and village just as construction is in progress:

“A cotton mill is just erected on the estate of Culcruich…which, when finished, will employ 1000 hands.”

“A handsome village, upon a rising ground along the side of the Endrick, is already feued off, and building for the reception of the working people. The houses, according to a regular plan, are to stand in one row, and to consist of two stories and garrets. Thus situated, the village will be well aired, dry and healthy; and very pleasant, having the gardens in front, separated from the houses by the turnpike road, dressed on a sloping bank to the river.” (OSA, c.1793, 337)

This planned industrial village is well established by the turn of the nineteenth century and is recorded on Grassom’s map (fig 6). Unfortunately there is little detail in this map other than to indicate that the village stretched to either side of the Y-shaped crossroads and Cooper’s Burn. The 1st Edition Ordnance Survey, almost fifty years later, provides a more accurate picture of the village (fig 7). At its western end there are feu plots on both sides of Main Street. These plots possibly predate the planned mill housing rows set out on either side of the burn, the map suggests that there may have been a further row of mill housing east of Dunmore Gardens (the road is now widened and the row redeveloped with mid-twentieth century housing). At the east end of the village a further regular block appears, also likely to be mill housing if a little more elaborate in design (fig 18D).

Fig 6: Grassom’s map (1817): illustrates Spiers’ mill village lining the south-west side of the road and called Newtown; the mill with its lade, and Culcreuch house are on the north side of the tree lined Endrick Water. Fintry is still used to name the earlier clachan around the kirk. © National Library of Scotland

Fintry Conservation Area Appraisal - July 2015 10

The new cotton mill industry boosted the parish population which had fallen in the second half of the eighteenth century from around 900 in 1755 to little over 500 by 1793 (OSA, c.1793). By 1801 the parish population had rapidly risen to almost 1,000 and remained so in the first decades of the nineteenth century. In 1831 there were 650 people living in the village. The area also saw improvements in roads and bridges through the enterprise of Spiers and others, including construction of the Fintry Bridge in 1804 (fig 18A). A school was gifted by Mr John Stewart (d. 1836) a merchant who had lived in Fintry for nearly 50 years; it opened in 1839 and had 100 day scholars and 50-60 evening scholars in 1841 (NSA, 1841; fig 10).

However despite improvements to the local infrastructure, the village remained a remote location which appears to have affected the rate of manufacture. The second Statistical Account (NSA, 1841) noted the village’s distance from Glasgow and difficulty of access to coal (chiefly carried from Kirkintilloch). The number employed at the mill was 260 in 1831, only a quarter of the number projected in the first Statistical Account.

“… it is to be much feared, it [the cotton mill] has hitherto been of no benefit to the proprietors […] cotton and yarn are carried, by very hilly road, from and to it, at very great expense” (NSA, 1841, 45-6)

There was very little change to the village by the end of the nineteenth century with the addition of a handful of new buildings including a police station (now Burnbank Cottage; fig 18G), and Denver Cottage (fig 18H) on the site of an earlier building.

Twentieth century to present day The first years of the twentieth century saw the construction of the Menzies Village Hall (1908; fig 12) a gift of Walter Menzies of Culcreuch. The Stewart’s School (fig 10) was extended with its now distinctive front gable, and a fountain (fig 11) was erected to commemorate the coronation of Edward VII.

Post-war and more recent development has taken place with considerable loss of earlier buildings. West of the mill housing on Main Street, over a third of the buildings on the 1st Edition Ordnance Survey have been lost; new houses have been developed by sub-division of plots, redevelopment, and infill on previous open plots. On the south east of Main Street new houses have been built on the previous garden feus. The road has been widened to improve access at Dunmore Gardens, the housing block to the east (fig 11) has been redeveloped and more recently new housing constructed on Dunmore Gardens.

Only a small part of the original mill complex remains, a 5-bay block converted to residential use and the former Mill House both out with the conservation area (fig 16). These now stand alongside later twentieth century housing and the Fintry Primary School on the former grounds of the Culcreuch Mill.

Fintry Conservation Area Appraisal - July 2015 11

Fig 7: Fintry, 1st Edition Ordnance Survey (1861) illustrates the rows of houses on the south of Main Street and gardens extending to the rear and on the north side of Main Street; note at the west end of the village houses sit on both sides of the road and could predate Spiers’ development. The Culcreuch Mill for cotton spinning is on the north side of the Endrick. © Crown

Fintry Conservation Area Appraisal - July 2015 12

4.2 Archaeological Significance and Potential

This section identifies any Scheduled Monuments and information held on the local Sites and Monuments Record (SMR).

The south-western end of Fintry lies in the immediate environs of Fintry Motte, a Scheduled Monument and a regional administrative caput. The area extending from the motte to the Main Street, will have been the focus of extramural settlement and field systems. The significance of this north-western end of Fintry is also increased by the presence of two further Scheduled Monuments, the prehistoric defended settlements at Dunbeg and Dunmore, further upslope of the motte. Any development at this south-western end of Fintry has the potential to impact on significant early remains.

In addition, a local placename at the north-western end of Fintry: Kilewnan (also spelt Kilunan) which appears three times (Kilewnan Cottage and Burn and Kilunan Farm), clearly indicates an early Christian settlement (the prefix Kil- indicates a monastic cell or church) in the immediate area.

There are no Scheduled Monuments in the village itself, however its early origins should be borne in mind; sites may contain buildings and artefacts relating to previous uses; any findings or inquiries should be reported to Stirling Council’s Archaeology Officer.

Fintry Conservation Area Appraisal - July 2015 13

5.0 Character and Appearance This chapter will analyse and illustrate the key features and factors which contribute to the conservation area’s special qualities and local distinctiveness.

The general urban structure of Fintry Conservation Area is illustrated in figure 8 (Lynch, 1977, Appendix A). This consists of a single character area.

Fintry Conservation Area is set out on the south bank to the Endrick Water in the river valley between the Campsie Fells and Fintry Hills. The B818 runs straight through the village on Main Street with a secondary route to the north from Kippen which crosses the Fintry Bridge intersecting the Main Street at the centre of the historic village. The village hall is a major landmark at the centre of the village and the former Stewart’s School and Coronation Fountain provide local landmarks at the road junction. The bridge and river are further landmarks. Green edges include the fields enclosing the village to its north-east and north- west, and by the steep and wooded slopes of the hillside below Dunmore in the south.

Fig 8: The general structure of Fintry Conservation Area using Lynch’s methodology. © Crown

Character Area

Major path

Green edge

Landmark

Fintry Conservation Area Appraisal - July 2015 14

The character and appearance of the conservation area will be described through the following sections:

 Setting  Character Areas  Buildings and Townscape  Open Spaces, Trees and Landscaping  Public Realm

5.1 Setting This section addresses the relationship of the conservation area with its surrounding landscape. The sense of space dictated by the interplay of topography and street pattern is described including important landmarks and views.

The strength of setting of Fintry comes from several key factors:

Landmarks and Views

 The Fintry Bridge over the Endrick Water forms a major landmark at the entry to the historic village (fig 9).

 The former Stewart’s School (fig 10) with its distinctive gable and clock addresses the road junction at the southern end of the bridge providing a local landmark. Opposite, the coronation fountain and lamp on a small traffic island at the centre of the junction forms a focal point (fig 11).

 The Menzies Village Hall is the major landmark on Main Street (figs 12 & 14).

 Views of the enclosing Fintry Hills to the north-east (fig 10) and closing the vista east on Main Street (figs 14 & 15).

 Views of the Campsie Fells to the south on approach (fig 13).

 Glimpsed views of Dunmore immediately south of the village between house plots.

 Views through the valley.

Street Pattern and Topography Main Street sits just above the river bank on a slightly undulating route which rises steadily to the west with the wooded hillside below Dunmore rising steeply behind. Main Street is separated into two parts east and west of the Y-shaped junction at the end of the Fintry Bridge. Cooper’s Burn runs below the Main Street in a stone culvert a little west of the crossroads before entering the Endrick Water (figs 9 & 20C).

Traditional houses and the rows of former mill workers’ housing line the south side of Main Street. The stretch of 2-storey former mill workers’ housing opposite the village hall creates

Fintry Conservation Area Appraisal - July 2015 15 a strong sense of enclosure (fig 14). In contrast, further west individual houses address both sides of the street but in a more irregular street pattern (fig 15). Earlier houses chiefly sit along the roadside, whilst twentieth century houses are set back from the street line. This pattern repeats east of the junction with modern houses again set back with front gardens.

Activity and Movement Fintry is approached through the surrounding countryside on undulating tree lined routes. From the west the B818 leads directly into the village, with trees enclosing the road just before entering the village. The approach from the east is tree lined at the base of Fintry Wood to the south, with open views north across fields to the Fintry Hills. From the north the Kippen Road (B822) cuts through farm grazing with mature trees punctuating the hedged and fenced road side; the Endrick Water appears briefly on the west as the road meanders towards the village. Twentieth century housing development forms the entrance to the village on this approach, with old estate boundary walls enclosing the east side (fig 16). To the south-west, the sports fields next to the Fintry Sports Centre afford open views to the Campsie Fells (fig 13). After passing the former Culcreuch House lodge, the road crosses the Fintry Bridge, as it enters the conservation area, to intersect with Main Street.

The village is chiefly residential with commercial activity in the conservation area being at the Fintry Inn and the garage on Main Street.

Fig 9: landmarks: the Fintry Bridge and Endrick Water are major landmarks; note the small Cooper’s Burn entering the river to the west of the bridge.

Fintry Conservation Area Appraisal - July 2015 16

Fig 10: landmarks and views: the former Stewart’s School addresses the crossroads of Kippen Road and Main Street and forms a local landmark, with the enclosing Fintry Hills creating an imposing village setting. The school was gifted by Mr John Stewart and opened in 1839; its distinctive gable and clock part of an Edwardian extension.

Fig 11: landmarks: view east from the crossroads of the Kippen Road (B822) at Main Street. The cast iron fountain commemorating the coronation of Edward VII forms a minor landmark. Note the mid-twentieth century housing row on the right which replaced earlier buildings on this site, possibly a row of mill workers’ houses.

Fintry Conservation Area Appraisal - July 2015 17

Fig 12: landmarks: the Menzies Village Hall, a gift of Walter Menzies of Culcreuch opened in 1908; and a surviving traditional telephone box on Main Street.

Fig 13: views: looking south-west across the sports fields on approach to the Fintry Bridge on the Kippen Road; the Campsie Fells are dominant.

Fintry Conservation Area Appraisal - July 2015 18

Fig 14: street pattern: on the right the original mill workers’ housing in rows of 3-bay 2-storey houses form a strong enclosure to the street; on the left the village hall. The open green space on the left provides important context for hall and housing, and gives an indication of the original design intent of the mill village, that of houses with gardens across the turnpike road.

Fig 15: street pattern: looking east along Main Street at the boundary of the conservation area, the scale is generally 2-storey but the house pattern is more irregular with front gardens of later 20th century houses breaking the building line. Nos. 44-48 (left) is a good example of one of the early traditional houses which may predate Spiers’ planned village. In the distance, the Fintry Hills close the vista on Main Street.

Fintry Conservation Area Appraisal - July 2015 19

5.2 Character Areas This section introduces each character area before more detailed description in the remainder of this chapter.

As identified in section 5.0 (fig 8) Fintry Conservation Area consists of a single character area.

Character Area: Fintry Fintry Conservation Area encompasses the historic village south of the Endrick Water and the Fintry Bridge. Development to the north of the river and recent housing in Dunmore Gardens to the south-east are excluded. The conservation area does not include the remaining buildings of the former Culcreuch cotton mill (5-bay mill block and Mill House on Kippen Road; fig 16) or the former mill grounds, lade, lodge houses and boundary walls. The latter remain prominent and add character on approach to the conservation area.

Fig 16: former Culcreuch mill buildings: the 5-bay mill building converted to residential use and the Mill House beyond; stone boundary walls of the estate remain and are an attractive feature on approach to the village on the Kippen Road; note the substantial gate piers to the former Mill House.

Just past the southern lodge house to Culcreuch Castle, the Kippen Road crosses the Fintry Bridge at the entrance to the conservation area (fig 19). The Kippen Road intersects Main Street at a Y-shaped crossroads, this broad area is marked by the Coronation Fountain, a commemorative cast iron fountain on a central island (figs 11 & 21A). The former Stewart’s School (now residential; fig 10) forms a minor landmark addressing the crossroads. The village hall (figs 12 & 14) sits a little west of the junction on Main Street across the Cooper’s Burn.

West of the crossroads, the south side of Main Street is lined with three rows of former mill workers’ flatted properties which present a strong wall of 2-storey buildings (figs 14, 18B & C). The open space in front of this row gives some indication of the original design intent to have gardens opposite a single housing row. Vennels run between each row to provide access to back lanes where the upper flats are reached by stairs at the rear of the properties. Further west, development is on both sides of Main Street, with some traditional single storey cottages and later infill houses, but largely retaining the 2-storey scale (refer Section 4.1; fig 15).

To the east of the crossroads on the south side, the continuity of the roadside housing is maintained with predominately 2-storey houses. The road accessing Dunmore Gardens has been widened and the row immediately to the west redeveloped in the mid-twentieth

Fintry Conservation Area Appraisal - July 2015 20 century (fig 11). Beyond this is the substantial Fintry Inn and two larger houses standing slightly apart with small vennels between. At the far end of the Main Street, a row of two 3- bay blocks (fig 18D) has distinctive leaded glass windows, its regular form suggesting it was also part of the mill housing, but possibly built in the later nineteenth century.

On the north side of Main Street, development is largely twentieth century, infilling the original garden plots, with the exception of the original late nineteenth century police house (now Burnbank Cottage; fig 18G). Houses are set back from the road with low stone boundary walls and front gardens; the broad pavement partly landscaped (fig 20F).

Fintry Conservation Area Appraisal - July 2015 21

5.3 Buildings and Townscape This section describes the significant architectural and historic qualities of the buildings and the contribution made by scheduled monuments, listed buildings and key unlisted buildings of townscape value. Any dominant architectural styles, prevalent types or periods of buildings are identified and their essential characteristics including prevalent and traditional building materials, textures, colours and local details are outlined.

“The retention of character of individual buildings in the Conservation Area is essential to retain the variety of detail and visual interest of the area. Each street and every building has its own character and influence on its surroundings. However, it is useful to consider the general character of the area.”

(A Character Appraisal for Stirling Town Conservation Area, 1999, 14)

A significant part of the special character and appearance of the conservation area is provided by its buildings and other townscape features. Table 2 and figure 18 below will detail key characteristics of the character area identified in section 5.0 (fig 8) and described in section 5.2.

Buildings considered to be of special local, regional or national importance are given statutory protection as listed buildings. Listed buildings in the conservation area are indicated on figure 17 and listed in Appendix B. Fintry Conservation Area has only two listed building entries, the telephone box and Fintry Bridge.

The following table indicates ‘key’ listed and unlisted buildings. Key buildings are assessed on their contribution to the character of the conservation area and therefore not necessarily on their individual merit as historic buildings. Omission from the table does not mean a listed building is not important, or that an unlisted building makes no contribution to the conservation area. Key unlisted buildings should be considered in preparation of a local list of buildings by Stirling Council (section 6.5).

Fintry Conservation Area Appraisal - July 2015 22

Fig 17: Fintry Conservation Area: outlined in orange with listed buildings (Category A: red; Category B: blue; Category C: green). © Crown

Fintry Conservation Area Appraisal - July 2015 23

FINTRY BUILDINGS AND TOWNSCAPE Fintry Bridge (1804; fig 9 & 18A) Category B; coursed rubble bridge with 3 Key Listed Buildings and segmental arches. Main Street K6 telephone box (1935; fig 12) Category B; designed by Sir Scheduled Monuments Giles Gilbert Scott. No other listed buildings or Scheduled Monuments in the conservation area.

Main Street: south side Nos. 1-9 (fig 18D) distinctive row at east end of Main St comprising 2 blocks of 3-bays each with tripartite lead glazed windows and twin leaf doors. Good Scots slate roof finish. Buildings on this site on 1st Ed OS but row may be a late 19th C redevelopment of earlier buildings. Nos. 41-51; 61-71; 73-99 (c.1795-1800; figs 14, 18B & C): three of the original mill workers’ rows forming an important grouping. A lower block (Nos. 47 & 49) poss. had other original uses from map evidence and pend entry. Largely retaining traditional Scots slate roofs in diminishing courses. Denver Cottage (later 19th C; fig 18H): later cottage redeveloped on earlier building plot; contrasting red sandstone margins and quoins, good Scots slate roof finish with pitched roofed dormers. Nos. 107 (fig 18E), 109, 111,117 & 119 all pre-1861 and may predate Spiers’ planned development or include earlier structures later altered. Similarly, Key Unlisted Buildings Nos. 17, 19, 21 & Fintry Inn. Several with good Scots slate roof finishes.

of Townscape Value Main Street: north side Nos. 28, 30 & 38 (fig 18F): all pre-1861 and may predate Spiers’ planned development or include earlier structures later altered (Nos. 28, 30 & 32 originally one plot, No. 32 (fig 21E) later 19th C). Similarly, Nos. 44-48 (poss. late 18th C; fig 1F & 15) tall 2-storey & attic 3-bay house at entrance to the conservation area. May predate Spiers’ planned development; small garret windows. Burnbank Cottage (later 19th C; fig 18G) 3-bay cottage, stone boundary wall; noted as Police Station on 2nd Ed. OS. Menzies Village Hall (1908; fig 12) gifted by Menzies of Culcreuch, long hall with roof ventilator and weather vane and Scots slate roof finish; sympathetic later entrance extension. Former Stewart’s School (1839; extended c. 1900; fig 10) by William Stirling II gifted by a Fintry merchant. Extension with decorative frontage including bargeboarded gable and clock added c. 1896-1914. Good Scots slate roof finish.

Views of the enclosing Fintry Hills to the north-east (fig 10) and closing the vista east on Main Street (figs 14 & 15). Key Views Views of the Campsie Fells (fig 13). Glimpsed views of Dunmore south of the village between house plots. Views through the valley.

Landmarks Major Fintry Bridge and the Endrick Water (fig 9); Menzies Village Hall (fig 12).

Landmarks Minor Former Stewart’s School (fig 10); Coronation Fountain (fig 11); Fintry Inn.

Predominant Buildings Residential.

Dominant Architectural Plain symmetrical traditional mid-late 18th century style. Styles or Periods

Table 2: Fintry Conservation Area: Character & Appearance

Fintry Conservation Area Appraisal - July 2015 24

FINTRY BUILDINGS AND TOWNSCAPE (cont.)

Key Characteristics

Predominately 3-bays wide as detached houses or combined as rows of flatted houses; lower flat accessed from the street and an upper flat accessed Building plot size from a rear external stair. Traditional properties have a range of plot sizes; small number of original plot boundaries altered including a number of subdivisions for later development.

Prevalent Building Height 2-storey and attic; some single storey cottages.

Predominately Scots slate pitched roofs laid in diminishing courses gable to gable without skews, dormers or rooflights; on terraced housing roof finishes continuous over a row of properties; prominent chimney stacks. A number of Skyline and Roofscape chimneys have been taken down and earlier houses may originally have had skews / copes. Only a very small number have pitched eaves or attic canted bay dormers on later 19th century buildings or as later Victorian additions to low cottages.

Buff and pinkish red sandstone rubble construction predominately rendered Prevalent Building Materials, and /or painted white (replacing original harl and lime wash); some with Textures and Colours exposed rubblework, contrasting margins.

Timber sash & case windows now painted white; very few traditional windows

remain (see examples below); some very poor replacements.

Small lobby windows next to doors on some original mill workers’ rows. Nos. 1-9 (fig 18D) distinctive tripartite leaded windows; twin leaf doors. Small roof canopies over entrance doors to some properties e.g. No. 48 (fig 15) & No. 117. No. 99: twin leaf doors with slim lay light above; projecting bow window and 8 Architectural Features over 2 pane traditional windows (poss. early 20th C replacement); these same and Local Details windows at Nos. 41-43 (fig 22). Denver Cottage: 2 over 2 sash & case windows, projecting eaves dormers and small central attic dormer with segmental arched window. No. 107 & 117: 2 over 2 sash & case windows. No. 109: canted bay dormers (windows replaced). Nos. 111 & 117: eaves pitched roof dormers with slated roof and sides.

Table 2: Fintry Conservation Area: Character & Appearance (cont.)

Fintry Conservation Area Appraisal - July 2015 25

Buildings and Townscape: Fintry

A B

C D

E F

G H Fig 18A: Fintry Bridge; B & C: 2-storey rows of former mill workers’ houses, Nos. 41- 51 (B) and Nos. 73-99 (C); D: Nos. 1-9 Main Street, possibly later mill housing with distinctive lead glazed windows in a tripartite form; E: a small number of low single storey cottages survive, possibly predating the Spiers’ development: No. 107 (E) and No. 38 (F) are two examples; G & H: two late Victorian cottages on Main Street: Burnbank Cottage (G) former Police Station; H: Denver Cottage.

Fintry Conservation Area Appraisal - July 2015 26

5.4 Open Spaces, Trees and Landscaping The section addresses the role of open space, trees and landscaping on the townscape structure and its effect on the character and relationship of spaces within the conservation area. This includes the contribution made by both public and private green space; natural or cultivated elements; woodlands; individual trees; hedges and other landscaping. Similarly to the built environment, these features may also have historical and cultural significance.

All trees within conservation areas are protected through the Town and Country Planning (Scotland) Act 1997; any lopping or cutting must first be notified to the Planning Authority. In addition, a Tree Preservation Order (TPO) can be placed on any individual tree within or out with the conservation area. Fintry has no TPO designation, however open green space and mature trees are represented in the conservation area; some of the most significant features include:

 Open green space surrounding the village hall and adjoining the river bank (fig 20A), originally gardens for the mill workers. A small footbridge (fig 20B) crosses Cooper’s Burn to a green space with seating by the Fintry Bridge enclosed by low stone boundary walls. The burn is carried under Main Street in a small stone culvert (fig 20C).

 The Fintry Wood, a significant woodland which wraps around the village to the south forming an important green backdrop.

 The Endrick Water, a significant natural green space and the mature trees enclosing the banks of the river (fig 20G).

 Private gardens, generally behind the street frontage on the south side of Main Street. On the north-east section of Main Street modern houses occupy earlier garden plots, possibly associated with the mill workers housing. Some of the individual traditional houses also have small strips of planting to their frontages.

 There are a number of mature trees on the approach to the Fintry Bridge on the north side of the river, two trees stand out at the start of the bridge (figs 19 & 20H; not in conservation area).

 There is a large Beech tree amongst other mature trees at the rear of the village hall (fig 20D).

 Bowling club at north-east end of Main Street with views over the bowling green to the Fintry Hills.

 Planting strips to pavements on the north-east section of Main Street beyond the road junction, and around the village hall; with grass, planting and ornamental trees which enhances the conservation area and screens some of the more modern housing (fig 20E & F).

 Fintry Sports Grounds on approach to the conservation area affords open views to the Campsie Fells (fig 13; not in the conservation area).

Fintry Conservation Area Appraisal - July 2015 27

The following table identifies the key open spaces, trees and landscaping which contribute to the character of Fintry:

FINTRY OPEN SPACE, TREES AND LANDSCAPING

Open Space See public green space. Open green space surrounding the village hall and adjoining river bank and extended to the seating area by the Fintry Bridge (figs 20A & B).

Fintry Wood. Public Green Space Endrick Water: significant natural green space with mature trees (fig 20G). and Woodlands Fintry Sports Grounds (on approach to the conservation area affording open views to the Campsie Fells; fig 13). Private gardens: soften the streetscape where the building line is interrupted; Private Green Space some small planting strips to their frontages.

Bowling club: views over the bowling green to the Fintry Hills. Beech tree amongst other mature trees at the rear of the village hall (fig 20D).

Landmark Trees Mature trees on the approach to the Fintry Bridge on the north side; two trees stand out at the north of the bridge (figs 19 & 20H; not in conservation area).

Planting strips to pavements: the north-east section of Main Street and around the village hall; grass, planting and ornamental trees (fig 20E & F). Landscaping Features The small footbridge (fig 20B) crossing Cooper’s Burn. Low stone boundary walls (including those out with the conservation area; figs 16 & 19). Stone culvert for Cooper’s Burn (fig 20C). Table 3: Fintry Conservation Area: Open Spaces, Trees and Landscaping

Fig 19: approaching the Fintry Bridge from the north, low stone walls separate the pavement and road and with mature trees and hedging form an attractive approach to the historic village but are just out with the conservation area boundary. Note the gate piers of the drive to Culcreuch Castle on the left.

Fintry Conservation Area Appraisal - July 2015 28

Open Spaces, Trees and Landscaping

A B

C D

E F

G H Fig 20A: open green space to the west of the village hall; B: a footbridge crosses Cooper’s Burn east of the village hall; C: the stone culvert takes Cooper’s Burn below Main Street; D: green space around the village hall blends with mature trees along the riverside, a large Beech tree one of many mature trees; E & F: grass, planting and ornamental fruit trees line the length of the north side of Main Street around and east of the junction; G: the impact of the riverside trees along the Endrick Water viewed from the crossroads; H: two landmark trees at the north end of the bridge (not in the conservation area).

Fintry Conservation Area Appraisal - July 2015 29

5.5 Public Realm This section describes street and road finishes; street furniture; signage; and associated issues such as car parking. Existence of original and traditional surfaces and elements is stated.

Fintry does not appear to retain any of its original road surfaces on its main roads and pavements (although this may lie beneath the existing tarmacadam surface). Traditional whinstone has been used for some pavement kerbs although a section near the village hall is in poor repair (fig 21G). The driveway of No. 32 Main Street is laid with traditional setts which is an attractive feature (fig 21F).

Stone boundary walls are a feature of the Culcreuch estate and make a strong contribution on the approach to the conservation area on Kippen Road (fig 16) and around the Fintry Bridge, both on the north side (fig 19) and extending to enclose the public green space by the bridge (fig 20G). Low stone walls and traditional iron railings enclose the former Stewart’s School (fig 10) and extend around the curve onto Main Street. There are also a number of house plots with low stone boundary walls on Main Street.

The Endrick Water is a significant natural feature which contributes to the public realm of the village; the historic Fintry Bridge being a key landmark. The bridge encloses the road with low stone boundary walls and there is a modern pedestrian bridge adjacent (fig 21B).

There are a number of traditional features which punctuate the streetscape including the Coronation Fountain (figs 21A & E), the 1935 red telephone box (fig 12), a traditional red pillar box (fig 21C) and an early milestone now very eroded outside the Old Police House with a community noticeboard (fig 21D).

There are a number of public green spaces in the village described in Section 5.4.

Fintry Conservation Area Appraisal - July 2015 30

Public Realm

A B

C D E

F G Fig 21A & E: the Coronation Fountain forms a local marker at the centre of the village; B: the modern foot bridge alongside the historic Fintry Bridge; C: the traditional red pillar box at the north-east end of Main Street; D: a very worn milestone in the wall outside the Old Police House at 12 Main Street; E: detail of the Coronation Fountain; F: traditional setts in the drive to No. 32 Main Street (this later Victorian building was originally part of the a single plot with Nos. 28 & 30); G: whinstone kerbs on Main Street in poor condition.

Fintry Conservation Area Appraisal - July 2015 31

6.0 Conservation Area Management The Conservation Area Appraisal is a tool in the future management of the area: it is neither a full ‘conservation area study’ nor ‘management plan’. Further specific studies may be required in some areas dependant on their individual conservation needs. As such this section identifies these and provides a basis for formulating and implementing a conservation area management strategy.

This chapter will address the following issues:

 Identify negative factors and vulnerability of the area  Identify buildings which may be at risk  Review of existing conservation area boundaries and suggest refinements  Identify unlisted buildings which may require statutory protection  Assess the effects of Permitted Development and identify the requirement for planning action including the implementation of Article 4 directions

6.1 Negative Factors This section addresses the extent of loss, intrusion or damage in the conservation area. Most conservation areas will contain buildings; gap sites and inappropriate street furniture that have a negative impact on the area detracting from its special character and represent opportunities for change or enhancement.

There are a number of negative factors in the conservation area:

1. Detrimental change The special character and appearance of the buildings in Fintry has been eroded to some extent due to alterations, extensions and inappropriate replacement elements. There is noticeable detrimental change and loss of original fabric to some properties in the conservation area.

Windows and doors Except for a very small number of buildings (refer Section 5.3, Table 2; fig 22) virtually all buildings have replacement windows and a significant number are inappropriate. This is possibly the most detrimental factor to the character of these traditional buildings and this conservation area as a whole. Windows are of key importance in the appearance of traditional properties and should be carefully managed. Replacements in uPVC and/or non- traditional fenestration patterns and opening methods are generally unsuccessful and diminish the character and quality of individual buildings, the rows of housing, and the character of the conservation area as a whole. Whilst many windows are now painted white, a number of replacements are finished in a dark stain which is not a traditional finish for timber windows.

Similarly very few traditional doors remain and replacement doors in non-traditional forms and materials detract.

Guidance should be provided by the Planning Authority to allow appropriate protection of the remaining traditional and original fabric and informed replacement where this is necessary.

Fintry Conservation Area Appraisal - July 2015 32

Walls The buildings are predominantly coated in modern film forming paints, some possibly over cement based rendering. In most cases this has been applied to replace traditional lime harling and/or limewash during their repair at a time when our understanding of the role of permeable traditional materials was not well developed. Attention should be drawn to the risks associated with impermeable materials and finishes and opportunities taken to repair in traditional materials when they arise.

Roofscape The roof finishes in Fintry are predominantly Scots slate laid in diminishing courses although a number of roof finishes have been replaced in other slate types which can detract from the overall roofscape. Roof finishes are predominately continuous without skews, dormers or rooflights; on terraced housing roof finishes continue over a row of properties. Only a very small number of houses have traditional dormers, either later nineteenth century houses with original pitched roof dormers (fig 18H) or as Victorian additions to single storey cottages. A small number of properties have introduced modern dormers or rooflights in designs which can interrupt the roofscape; this is particularly disruptive on the housing rows (fig 22).

Some roof finishes are likely to be in need of repair or reslating in the near future. Care should be taken in any roof repair or reslating so as to maintain the principle of the original character of the roof finish and its component parts (chimneys, skews, dormers etc.). This will maintain the character and quality of the row of buildings and village roofscape particularly as a number of roofs are continuous over more than one property. Guidance should be provided by the Planning Authority.

Chimney stacks are a prominent feature of the roofscape, articulating the roof line and defining the house party walls. However detrimentally, a number of chimneys have been taken down and one property has lost its original stack and has a single metal flue in its place which is not in character with the traditional buildings.

Fintry Conservation Area Appraisal - July 2015 33

Fig 22: (top) one of the original mill workers’ housing blocks on Main Street. The house of the left retains its historic character with traditional timber sash & case windows and continuous Scots slate roof. The house on the right has made significant detrimental alterations increasing the window size and creating a non-traditional horizontal emphasis; the roof dormers and rooflight also detract from the original design and interrupt the roofscape. (Below) three good examples of remaining traditional windows (L-R): Nos. 1-9 Main Street; Nos. 41- 43 and No. 99.

2. Non-traditional buildings There has been considerable change within the historic village over the twentieth century including redevelopment of plots, new infill and development through subdivision of plots. At least a third of the traditional properties to the west of the existing mill workers’ rows have been lost since 1914. There have been further losses east of Dunmore Gardens including redevelopment of the row as far as the Fintry Inn (fig 11). The majority of the individual later twentieth century properties are not in keeping with the character of the conservation area.

3. Public Realm and Setting The public realm is generally well presented however the Coronation Fountain is somewhat isolated on a central traffic island and would benefit from appropriate repair / restoration and an enhancement of the traffic island itself (fig 21A). Nearby the pavement kerbing is in need of repair (fig 21G).

Fintry Conservation Area Appraisal - July 2015 34

6.2 Summary of Vulnerability Like similar planned villages, the strength of the character and appearance of Fintry Conservation Area derives from the coherence of layout, design and materials of the plain traditional properties of the original mill village as a group, as well as their individual building details and quality of traditional materials.

Section 6.1 described negative factors which have eroded the special character and appearance of the conservation area. Overall, Fintry has preserved its historic character, however there has been significant incremental change leading to the loss of original elements, and replacement has not always been made in appropriate materials or designs (fig 22). The reason for this is not clear but the lack of listed building status for any of the buildings (unlike the former mill housing in Deanston) and no Article 4 Directions (unlike most other conservation areas) could have contributed. Conservation area management should protect the remaining traditional buildings, open and green spaces, and encourage enhancement when opportunities arise.

In summary, Fintry Conservation Area’s principal vulnerability is:

 Wholly unlisted fabric (except telephone box and Fintry Bridge). Changes to these properties will not require Listed Building Consent and therefore require careful management through the planning process where applicable, and awareness of appropriate best practice for the property owners.

 Inappropriately altered listed fabric. This should not be regarded as a precedent.

 Buildings in multiple ownership; changes to one property (such as inappropriate replacement or adaptation) affect individual properties, the group and the wider conservation area context.

 Erosion of roofscape (including chimneys), a key component in the character of the individual rows. This requires careful management of repair or replacement of roof finishes; any proposed alterations to the roofscape including the introduction of rooflights, dormers, or solar panels; any proposal to remove original roof elements such as chimneys; and any repair or replacement to traditional dormers or cast iron rooflights.

 Erosion of the setting (approach, open spaces, green spaces etc.) by loss or poor management of public realm, green spaces, mature trees, and woodlands; or through unsympathetic development adjacent to the conservation area.

Property owners, the Planning Authority and other stakeholders involved in the conservation area need to be aware the vulnerability of Fintry Conservation Area and manage required changes appropriately.

Fintry Conservation Area Appraisal - July 2015 35

6.3 Buildings at Risk and Sensitive Areas This section highlights vulnerable buildings, areas, or issues. Buildings which are vulnerable through vacancy, condition or development threat should be notified to the RCAHMS for consideration on the Buildings at Risk Register.

There are no properties on the Buildings at Risk Register in the conservation area. However, the early industrial building to the rear of Main Street (fig 23; possibly a granary or store) is in a poor state of repair. This building appears on the 1861 Ordnance Survey and is probably earlier; the neighbouring smithy is now demolished.

Fig 23: a former industrial building at the rear of Main Street on Dunmore Gardens is in poor repair.

6.4 Conservation Area Boundaries This section identifies any changes required to the conservation area boundaries.

The conservation area boundary has been drawn to include the whole of the original planned village along both sides of Main Street. This is understandable in relation to retaining the context of the village, however the true character and appearance of the conservation area is largely defined by the historic properties on Main Street. A significant number of later twentieth century houses have been constructed which have a different character. It should be understood that these properties do not define the character and appearance of the conservation area. In re-designating the conservation area in August 2014 (fig 24), a number of changes were made to the boundary:

Inclusions:  Fintry Bridge (1804, Category B listed) is a fundamental component of the historic fabric of the planned village and remains a significant entry point to the village core and conservation area. It now forms part of the conservation area along with the south-west river bank.  The small area of ground to the south of the traditional building behind 43 Main Street is now included within the conservation area.

Exclusions:  The conservation area boundary at Dunmore Gardens now excludes the twentieth century properties whilst retaining the traditional building (fig 23) and the land to its south.

Fintry Conservation Area Appraisal - July 2015 36

.

Fig 24: Fintry Conservation Area, 2014 boundary changes: exclusions hatched in red; additions outlined in blue © Crown

6.5 Potential Listed Buildings This section identifies any buildings which may merit additional protection through listed building legislation.

Listed buildings in the conservation area are illustrated in figure 17 and listed in Appendix B, Table 4.

No buildings have been identified for statutory listing during the course of this report. Notwithstanding this, buildings identified either through this appraisal, or by other means, as having some architectural or historic interest, but which do not meet Historic Scotland’s criteria for inclusion in the statutory List of listed buildings maybe included in a local list compiled by Stirling Council.

Fintry Conservation Area Appraisal - July 2015 37

6.6 Opportunities for Development This section identifies where development could enhance the character of the conservation area.

“Designating a conservation area does not mean a prohibition on development. It does mean carefully managing change to ensure that the character and appearance of these areas are safeguarded and enhanced for the enjoyment and benefit of future generations.” (PAN 71: Conservation Area Management, 2005, 1)

“Physical change in conservation areas does not necessarily need to replicate its surroundings. The challenge is to ensure that all new development respects, enhances and has a positive impact of the area.”

(PAN 71: Conservation Area Management, 2005, 4)

The Planning Authority should promote the use of development briefs for key sites and encourage applicants to provide design statements for significant sites within or immediately adjacent to the conservation area. Development briefs and design statements should take account of the context of the conservation area as outlined in this appraisal, and demonstrate both an understanding of the special characteristics of the area, and that development will preserve and enhance the character and appearance of the conservation area.

6.7 Opportunities for Planning Action Stirling Council, primarily through Development Management and Enforcement, should ensure that the special interest created by the historic form and special qualities of the conservation area outlined in this report are not eroded by poor quality development, unsympathetic alteration and replacement, and inappropriate repair.

The previous draft of this appraisal recommended the use of an Article 4 Direction for Fintry conservation area in relation to those issues outlined in sections 4.0 and 5.0. However, it is considered that the recent changes to the General Permitted Development Order (GPDO) that took effect on 6th February 2012, remove the need for such an Article 4 Direction. Planning permission is now required for most development within conservation areas including alterations and extensions to buildings, walls, gates and railings, creation or alteration of hardstanding areas, satellite and micro-renewals equipment. The need for Article 4 Directions to further control development that is of a non-householder nature will be assessed on a priority basis across all of Stirling Council’s conservation areas.

Whenever required statutory consents are not obtained for development, enforcement action should be taken to ensure the protection of the special character and appearance of the conservation area.

Fintry Conservation Area Appraisal - July 2015 38

6.8 Opportunities for Enhancement The following should be considered:

 The Coronation Fountain would benefit from appropriate repair / restoration and enhancement of the traffic island as a more suitable setting for this local landmark.

Generally Enhancement would be achieved through the encouragement of appropriate reinstatement of lost elements (e.g. traditional windows and doors) and appropriate repair, particularly to masonry walls. Enhancement requires Development Management to encourage reinstatement when opportunities arise, support repair over replacement, and where replacement is absolutely necessary, that replacements follow strict guidance on appropriate materials and design. Raising awareness of the quality, practicality and overall contribution made by traditional materials and design would assist property owners.

6.9 Monitoring and Review As outlined in PAN 71 (2005) consideration should be given as to how to “put in place appropriate monitoring indicators and agree a mechanism for review”. Regular review of the conservation area should set management priorities and seek to identify opportunities for enhancement. Justification for designation and validation of boundaries should also be reviewed on a regular basis.

Fintry Conservation Area Appraisal - July 2015 39

Bibliography National Policy and Advice The Planning etc. (Scotland) Act 2006 The Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) (Scotland) Act 1997 Town and Country Planning (Scotland) Act 1997 Historic Scotland (2009): Scottish Historic Environment Policy (SHEP) Historic Scotland: Managing Change in the Historic Environment guidance notes series The Scottish Office (2014): Scottish Planning Policy (SSP) Scottish Executive Development Department: Planning Advice Note 52 (PAN 52): Planning Advice Note: Planning in Small Towns Planning Advice Note 65 (PAN 65): Planning and Open Space. Planning Advice Note 68 (PAN 68): Design Statements Planning Advice Note 71 (PAN 71): Conservation Area Management (2005)

Publications English Heritage (1997): Conservation Area Appraisals Fleming J S (1902): Ancient Castle and Mansions of Stirling Nobility, Stirling Gifford G (2002): Stirling and Central Scotland, Yale University Press, London Groome F H (1883): Ordnance Gazetter, Vol.IV, Edinburgh: Grange Publishing Works Lynch K (1977): The Image of the City MIT Press McKean C (1985): Stirling & the Trossachs, An illustrated architectural guide, Rutland Press, Edinburgh NSA (1841): Second ‘New’ Statistical Account, County of Stirling, accessed at http://stat-acc- scot.edina.ac.uk OSA (c. 1793): First ‘Old’ Statistical Account, County of Stirling accessed at http://stat-acc-scot.edina.ac.uk RCAHMS (1963): Stirlingshire: An inventory of the Ancient Monuments Vol. 1 & Vol. 2, HMSO, Edin. Stirling Council (2014): Local Development Plan

Other sources Cook, M (2014): notes and email correspondence from Stirling Council Archaeologist Murray Cook, November 2014 and March 2015.

Maps Grassom J (1817): To the Noblemen & Gentlemen of Stirlingshire Ordnance Survey (1861): 1st Edition Ordnance Survey, Stirling Council license Ordnance Survey (c.1896): 2nd Edition Ordnance Survey, Stirling Council license Pont T (1585-1601): The East Central Lowlands, Pont 32 Roy (1747-1755): Military Survey of Scotland

Fintry Conservation Area Appraisal - July 2015 40

Appendices

Appendix A

Lynch K (1977): The Image of the City MIT Press

4 categories from Lynch’s analysis have been adapted for use in the appraisal to describe the basis urban structure of the conservation area.

1. PATH or route a) most influential factor in our ‘image’ of the environment b) channels along which the observer moves e.g. motorways, streets, pedestrian streets, residential pathways etc c) traditional focus of major urban design projects d) importance of land use and spatial qualities

2. EDGE (urban) a) linear elements not used or considered as paths e.g. railway tracks, city walls, edges of development areas b) act as boundaries between two distinct areas i.e. can cause isolation c) most dominant are continuous in form and impenetrable to cross movement Green Edges have been used to indicate strong areas of open green spaces and / or strong enclosures created by green space, trees or other landscaping features.

3. DISTRICT or Character Area Smaller parts of an area which can be differentiated by a) physical character – layout –design – architectural style or period b) land use – residential – commercial – industrial

4. LANDMARK a) External points of reference b) Usually vertical built form which can be seen throughout the area or beyond c) Prominent natural features d) Local townscape features

Fintry Conservation Area Appraisal - July 2015 41

Appendix B

Listed buildings (Feb 2015) within the conservation area boundary are:

HBNUM ADDRESS CATEGORY LIST DATE 12513 MAIN STREET, K6 TELEPHONE KIOSK B 23/06/1989 10468 FINTRY BRIDGE B 05/10/1971 Table 4: Fintry Conservation Area: Listed Buildings

For further information, or updates on current listed buildings refer to Historic Scotland website www.historic-scotland.gov.uk or Stirling Council’s Planning Department.

Fintry Conservation Area Appraisal - July 2015 42