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High-Power Solid-State Lasers from a Laser Glass Perspective
LLNL-JRNL-464385 High-Power Solid-State Lasers from a Laser Glass Perspective J. H. Campbell, J. S. Hayden, A. J. Marker December 22, 2010 Internationakl Journal of Applied Glass Science Disclaimer This document was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States government. Neither the United States government nor Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC, nor any of their employees makes any warranty, expressed or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States government or Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States government or Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC, and shall not be used for advertising or product endorsement purposes. High-Power Solid-State Lasers from a Laser Glass Perspective John H. Campbell, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA Joseph S. Hayden and Alex Marker, Schott North America, Inc., Duryea, PA Abstract Advances in laser glass compositions and manufacturing have enabled a new class of high-energy/high- power (HEHP), petawatt (PW) and high-average-power (HAP) laser systems that are being used for fusion energy ignition demonstration, fundamental physics research and materials processing, respectively. The requirements for these three laser systems are different necessitating different glasses or groups of glasses. -
MECA SENS 2017 Programme& Abstracts
9th International Conference on Mechanical Stress Evaluation by Neutron and Synchrotron Radiation Hosted by the South African Nuclear Energy Corporation (Necsa) SOC Limited in cooperation with the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) & ABSTRACTS PROGRAMME MECA SENS 2017 Programme & Abstracts MECA SENS 2017 Local Organising Committee Contents Committees 2 Foreword 2 Local Organising Committee 3 Programme Advisory Committee 3 International Scientific Committee 4 Sponsors 5 Event Information 6 Location 6 Registration 9 Internet 9 Catering 9 Presentations 10 Poster session 10 Certificate of attendance 10 Community outreach 10 Programme 11 Spring School - Monday 18 Sept 11 Day 1 – Tuesday 19 Sept 12 Day 2 – Wednesday 20 Sept 13 Day 3 – Thursday 21 Sept 14 List of Abstracts 15 Alain Lodini Plenary Lecture 23 Keynote Presentations 24 Invited Presentations 26 Oral Presentations 42 Poster Presentations 91 School lectures 114 List of Attendees 122 Author Index 126 1 | MECA SENS 2017, Skukuza, South Africa Committees Foreword Dear colleagues On behalf of the Organising Committee, it is a great privilege to welcome and receive you at the Nombolo Mdhluli Conference Centre in the Skukuza Rest Camp, capital of the UNESCO Biosphere Kruger National Park for the proceedings of MECA SENS 2017. This conference continues the tradition of providing a vibrant interactive forum for scientists, students and engineers interested in the most recent developments and capabilities of diffraction based techniques, complemented by mechanical and image-based methods towards rendering information on the prevailing stress conditions and material performance. We thank all participants for submitting excellent contributions. This has enabled the assembly of an exciting scientific program for the next three days. -
Characterization of Laser Peening- Induced Effects on a Biomedical Ti6al4v Alloy by Thermoelectric Means
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Digital.CSIC Characterization of laser peening- induced effects on a biomedical Ti6Al4V alloy by thermoelectric means Hector Carreón Sandra Barriuso Juan Antonio Porro Jose Luis González-Carrasco José Luis Ocaña Downloaded From: http://opticalengineering.spiedigitallibrary.org/ on 09/23/2015 Terms of Use: http://spiedigitallibrary.org/ss/TermsOfUse.aspx Optical Engineering 53(12), 122502 (December 2014) Characterization of laser peening-induced effects on a biomedical Ti6Al4V alloy by thermoelectric means Hector Carreón,a,* Sandra Barriuso,b Juan Antonio Porro,c Jose Luis González-Carrasco,b,d and José Luis Ocañac aInstituto de Investigaciones Metalúrgicas, UMSNH-IIM, Edif. “U” C.U., 58000-888 Morelia, Mexico bCentro Nacional de Investigaciones Metalúrgicas, CENIM-CSIC, Avenida Gregorio del Amo 8, 28040 Madrid, Spain cUniversidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ctr. Láser UPM, 28040 Madrid, Spain dCentro Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, 28029 Madrid, Spain Abstract. Laser peening has recently emerged as a useful technique to overcome detrimental effects associ- ated with other well-known surface modification processes such as shot peening or grit blasting used in the biomedical field. It is worthwhile to notice that besides the primary residual stress effect, thermally induced effects might also cause subtle surface and subsurface microstructural changes that might influence corrosion resistance and fatigue strength of structural components. In this work, plates of Ti-6Al-4V alloy of 7 mm in thick- ness were modified by laser peening without using a sacrificial outer layer. Irradiation by a Q-switched Nd-YAG laser (9.4-ns pulse length) working at the fundamental 1064-nm wavelength at 2.8 J∕pulse and with water as a confining medium was used. -
Welding with High Power Diode Lasers
White Paper Welding with High Power Diode Lasers by Keith Parker, Sr. Business Development Manager – Direct Diode & Fiber Laser Systems Laser welding with CO2, fiber and various types of solid- minimize grain growth in high strength, low alloy steels. state lasers is a well established process currently utilized in Even though no filler material is typically used for keyhole a wide range of industries and applications. However, recent welding, the high temperatures of keyhole welding can technological developments in high power diode laser vaporize volatile materials, producing a different technology have expanded the capabilities of laser welding, composition in the fusion zone than in the base metal. Also, as well as changed its cost characteristics. As a result, diode with hardenable steels, the rapid cooling generates fully lasers are poised to replace traditional laser sources for some martensitic fusion zones and hardened heat affected zones. applications and also expand laser welding implementation into entirely new areas. In contrast, if the threshold laser power required to initiate a keyhole is not reached, then only surface melting occurs. This article provides an introduction to high-power diode Because laser energy is absorbed almost entirely at the laser technology and its use in welding. In particular, it surface and heat transfer into the bulk material occurs by compares the capabilities and characteristics of diode lasers conduction, this is called conduction mode welding. with other welding laser technologies, reviews the Conduction mode welds are typically shallow and most often applications best suited for diode welding and provides some have a bowl-shaped profile. The heat affected zone is larger guidance on what materials are compatible with this process. -
Laser Peening Without Coating: Process, Effects and Applications
LASER PEENING WITHOUT COATING: PROCESS, EFFECTS AND APPLICATIONS Y. Sano 1, N. Mukai 1, M. Obata 1 1 Toshiba Corporation, 8 Shinsugita-cho Isogo-ku Yokohama 235-8523, Japan ABSTRACT This paper reviews the current status of research, development and application on laser peening without coating (LPwC). LPwC imparts compressive residual stress on material by irradiating laser pulses under aqueous environment without any surface preparation. LPwC can be operated without restriction on absorption by water, using water-penetrable green lasers. The effect penetrates 1mm or more, much deeper than that of conventional surface treatment such as shot peening. Accelerating stress corrosion cracking (SCC) tests showed that LPwC effectively prevented the initiation of SCC in sensitized austenitic stainless steels, nickel-based alloys and their weld metals. LPwC remarkably improved high-cycle fatigue properties of steels, aluminum alloys, titanium alloys. Retardation of crack propagation due to stress corrosion and fatigue was also confirmed. LPwC has been utilized to prevent SCC in Japanese nuclear power plants (NPPs) since 1999. KEY WORDS Laser peening, Residual stress, Stress corrosion cracking, Fatigue INTRODUCTION Recent advances in laser material processing have yielded a multitude of innovative processes and applications in various fields. Laser peening without coating (LPwC) is a typical example and blazed a trail in preventive maintenance for SCC in operating nuclear power plants (NPPs), taking full advantage of the inertia-less process over mechanical treatment (Sano, 2000a). LPwC was invented about a decade ago as a surface enhancement technology to introduce compressive residual stress on materials, while exploring new applications of copper vapor lasers (Konagai, 1995). -
2014 Year in Review
NEWSLINE 2014 YEAR IN REVIEW LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATIONAL LABORATORY NOTE NEWSLINE: LOOKING BACK AT 2014 CONTENTS Top 10 science and technology stories of 2014 Top 10 science stories . 2 n 2014, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) built on a 62-year tradition January . 4 of translating basic science into technologies that ensure national security, address February . 7 I pressing real world problems and expand the boundaries of fundamental science. TOP March . 10 April . 13 The top stories of the year are a reflection of the Laboratory’s ability to apply its core May . 16 national security competencies to a broad set of rapidly evolving national and global 10 June . 19 challenges, including: energy, climate change, biodefense and detection, forensic July . 23 science, high performance computing and materials science. August . 26 September . 29 The capabilities developed and applied to this research, such as high performance computing (HPC) and additive October . 32 manufacturing, also serve to enhance the nation’s economic vitality and global competitiveness. November . 36 December . 41 Because evaluating the long-term impact of recent scientific developments on a field of study or science Recognition and Awards . 44 in general is difficult at best, the following advances are not listed in order of scientific importance. These This issue of Newsline was produced by the Public represent only a sampling of the science and technology produced at Lawrence Livermore during the 2014 Affairs Office. It represents a sample of the science and technology, people and operations highlights of calendar year. the year. It is available on the LLNL website. On the cover: Top stories of the year. -
Solid State Laser
SOLID STATE LASER Edited by Amin H. Al-Khursan Solid State Laser Edited by Amin H. Al-Khursan Published by InTech Janeza Trdine 9, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia Copyright © 2012 InTech All chapters are Open Access distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license, which allows users to download, copy and build upon published articles even for commercial purposes, as long as the author and publisher are properly credited, which ensures maximum dissemination and a wider impact of our publications. After this work has been published by InTech, authors have the right to republish it, in whole or part, in any publication of which they are the author, and to make other personal use of the work. Any republication, referencing or personal use of the work must explicitly identify the original source. As for readers, this license allows users to download, copy and build upon published chapters even for commercial purposes, as long as the author and publisher are properly credited, which ensures maximum dissemination and a wider impact of our publications. Notice Statements and opinions expressed in the chapters are these of the individual contributors and not necessarily those of the editors or publisher. No responsibility is accepted for the accuracy of information contained in the published chapters. The publisher assumes no responsibility for any damage or injury to persons or property arising out of the use of any materials, instructions, methods or ideas contained in the book. Publishing Process Manager Iva Simcic Technical Editor Teodora Smiljanic Cover Designer InTech Design Team First published February, 2012 Printed in Croatia A free online edition of this book is available at www.intechopen.com Additional hard copies can be obtained from [email protected] Solid State Laser, Edited by Amin H. -
Effective Simulation and Optimization of a Laser Peening Process BE ACCEPTED in PARTIAL FULFILLMENT of the REQUIREMENTS for the DEGREE of Doctor of Philosophy
Effective Simulation and Optimization of a Laser Peening Process A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of the Doctor of Philosophy By GULSHAN SINGH B.S., Jai Narain Vyas University, Jodhpur, India, 2001 M.Tech., Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, India, 2003 2009 Wright State University Wright State University SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES August 10, 2009 I HEREBY RECOMMEND THAT THE DISSERTATION PREPARED UN- DER MY SUPERVISION BY GULSHAN SINGH ENTITLED Effective Simulation and Optimization of a Laser Peening Process BE ACCEPTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF Doctor of Philosophy . Ramana V. Grandhi, Ph.D. Dissertation Director Ramana V. Grandhi, Ph.D. Director, Engineering Ph.D. Program Joseph F. Thomas, Jr., Ph.D. Dean, School of Graduate Studies Committee on Final Examination Ramana V. Grandhi, Ph.D. Nathan Klingbeil, Ph.D. Ravi Penmetsa, Ph.D. Allan H. Clauer, Ph.D. Robert Brockman, Ph.D. ii Abstract Singh, Gulshan, Ph.D. in Engineering Program, Wright State University, 2009. Effective Simulation and Optimization of a Laser Peening Process. Laser peening (LP) is a surface enhancement technique that has been applied to improve fatigue and corrosion properties of metals. The ability to use a high energy laser pulse to generate shock waves, inducing a compressive residual stress field in metallic materials, has applications in multiple fields such as turbomachinery, airframe structures, and medical appliances. In the past, researchers have investigated the effects of LP parameters experimentally and performed a limited number of simulations on simple geometries. However, monitoring the dynamic, intricate relationships of peened materials experimentally is time consuming, expensive, and challenging. -
Thursday, May 10, 2007
ROOM 318-320 ROOM 321-323 ROOM 324-326 ROOM 314 ROOM 315 ROOM 316 ROOM 317 ROOM 336 CLEO JOINT C LEO QELS 8:00 a.m. – 9:45 a.m. 8:00 a.m. – 9:45 a.m. 8:00 a.m. – 9:45 a.m. 8:00 a.m. – 9:45 a.m. 8:00 a.m. – 9:45 a.m. 8:00 a.m. – 9:45 a.m. 8:00 a.m. – 9:45 a.m. 8:00 a.m. – 9:45 a.m. CThA • Fundamentals of CThB • Novel JThA • Attosecond CThC • χ2/Cascaded χ2 CThD • Optical Polymers CThE • Spectral Control of QThA • Novel Dynamic QThB • Plasmonics I Femtosecond Laser/ Semiconductor Laser Dynamics Devices Warren N. Herman; Lab Solid-State Lasers Measurements in Metals Mikhail Noginov; Norfolk Material Interactions Cavities Presider to Be Announced Robert Fisher; R. A. Fisher for Physical Sciences, Hajime Nishioka; Inst. for Michael Woerner; Max- State Univ., USA, Presider Donald Harter; IMRA Richard Jones; Intel Corp., Associates, USA, Presider Univ. of Maryland, USA, Laser Science, Japan, Born-Inst., Germany, America Inc, USA, USA, Presider Presider Presider Presider Presider Tutorial Invited Invited Tutorial Invited CThA1 • 8:00 a.m. CThB1 • 8:00 a.m. JThA1 • 8:00 a.m. CThC1 • 8:00 a.m. CThD1 • 8:00 a.m. CThE1 • 8:00 a.m. QThA1 • 8:00 a.m. QThB1 • 8:00 a.m. Ultrafast Micro and Nanomachining, Nanoscale Semiconductor Plasmon La- Probing Proton Dynamics in Molecules Parametric Generation in AlGaAs/AlOx Biomimetic Optical Polymers, James Widely Tunable Yb:KYW Laser Locked Ultrafast Spectroscopy on Photonic Nano-Particle Ions and Atoms, Nabil Gerard Mourou; Ecole Polytechnique de sers, Farhan Rana1, Christina Manolatou1, on an Attosecond Time Scale, Sarah Waveguides: Performances and Perspec- Shirk1, Guy Beadie1, Richard S. -
Laser Peening Fact Sheet
Hepburn and Sons LLC “Trusted advisors to the American Maritime Industry” TECHNOLOGY FACT SHEET – Laser Shock Peening TECHNICAL CHALLENGE 10X Compressive residual stress • Aluminum shipbuilding on the rise in the Navy, leading to benefits over other peening materials problems like stress corrosion cracking (SCC) and methods and treatments sensitization • Repair yards tasked with these substantial repairs • Aluminum repair has significant rework, as it is difficult to work with • Welding repairs impart large stresses on and deform the 48X aluminum SCC on aluminum ship Lifetime extension of • Flame straightening not permitted on marine grade aluminum superstructure sensitized aluminum when laser shock peened versus • Common aluminum forming methods are laborious, costly, and no treatment time-consuming TECHNOLOGY OVERVIEW • High-energy pulsed laser directed at material surface to generate pressure pulses • Shock wave plastically yields and cold works the 1-5 mm material to generate deep compressive stresses Range of compressive residual stress depth as a • Residual stress layers are orders of magnitude result of laser shock peening deeper than that achievable with shot peening • Highly predictive and deterministic stress Laser peening a metal surface profiles • Used successfully in the aerospace industry for nearly 20 years • Significantly improves aluminum lifespan • 20 years Arrests crack growth and mitigates stress Length of time that laser corrosion cracking shock peening has been successfully used in the • Mitigates aluminum sensitization -
Laser Peening for Prevention of Fatigue Failures
LASER PEENING FOR PREVENTION OF FATIGUE FAILURES David F. Lahrman Peter A. Gaydos LSP Technologies, Inc. United States ABSTRACT Laser peening is an innovative commercially-available surface enhancement process for increasing the fatigue life of metal components. The process produces deep residual compressive stress into treated surfaces, typically five to ten times deeper than conventional metal shot peening. These deep compressive residual stresses inhibit the initiation and propagation of fatigue cracks. Laser peening has been particularly effective in increasing the resistance to fatigue crack propagation initiated from foreign object damage in titanium alloy fan and compressor blades of aircraft gas turbine engines. [1,2,3,4] However, the potential application of this process is much broader, encompassing automotive parts, orthopedic implants, tooling and dies, and others. Significant progress has been made to lower the cost and increase the throughput of the process, making it affordable for numerous applications. This paper reviews the status of laser peening technology, material property enhancements, and potential applications. KEYWORDS Laser shock peening, fatigue, life, residual stress, surface, enhancement HOW LASER PEENING WORKS Laser peening drives a high amplitude shock wave into a material surface using a high energy pulsed laser. The effect on the material being processed is achieved through the mechanical “cold working” effect produced by the shock wave, not a thermal effect from heating of the surface by the laser beam. The laser system is a high-energy, pulsed neodymium-glass laser system having a wavelength of 1.054 µm. The laser peening system produces very short laser pulses, selectable from 8 to 40 nanoseconds, with a pulse energy of up to 50 joules. -
Thin Disk Laser
History, principles and prospects of thin-disk lasers Jochen Speiser German Aerospace Center Institute of Technical Physics 27.08.2014 DLR German Aerospace Center • Research Institution • Space Agency • Project Management Agency DLR.de • Chart 3 > Standard presentation > April 2014 Locations and employees Approx. 8000 employees across 33 institutes and facilities at Stade Hamburg 16 sites. Neustrelitz Bremen Trauen Berlin Offices in Brussels, Paris, Braunschweig Tokyo and Washington. Goettingen Juelich Cologne Bonn The Institute of Technical Physics works in selected fields of optics, lasers and laser systems. The activities comprise investigations Lampoldshausen for aerospace as well as contributions to security Stuttgart and defense related topics. Augsburg Oberpfaffenhofen • 1993 Invention of Thin Disk laser, Weilheim together with University of Stuttgart (IFSW) DLR.de • Chart 4 > History, principles and prospects of thin-disk lasers > Jochen Speiser> 27.08.2014 Outline • Thin Disk laser concept & historical development • Technical realization and scaling (mostly cw) • Pulsed Thin Disk lasers • High energy / high power concepts • Thin disk modeling / challenges • Scaling limits • Speculative trends DLR.de • Chart 5 > History, principles and prospects of thin-disk lasers > Jochen Speiser> 27.08.2014 Thin Disk laser concept • Yb:YAG – small quantum defect, long lifetime, broad absorption, but thermal population of lower laser level r e • Challenge: Efficient heat removal at high power s a densities to operate Yb:YAG without cryo- L cooling • Solution: thin layer of active material, one face cooled Thin Disk Thin Disk Laser • A. Giesen et al., Scalable Concept for Diode- l t a Pumped High-Power Solid-State Lasers, a v e o Appl. Physics B 58 (1994), p.