Independency in St Albans Faj Harding
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INDEPENDENCY IN ST ALBANS F A J HARDING Frontispiece THE INDEPENDENT CHAPEL Spicer Street ii INDEPENDENCY IN ST ALBANS An account of the Rise and Progress of Congregationalism in the City of St Albans, Hertfordshire 1650-1962 By F A J Harding BSc Econ, A R Hist S, (Minister of the Independent Chapel, St Albans) St Albans 1962 Reformatted from the original typewritten book 2017 iii 1662-1962 Dedicated to the memory of those brave Ministers of the Gospel who, rather than submit to the compulsion of the Law, suffered ejection on St Bartholomew’s day, 24th August 1662. O may Thy soldiers, faithful, true and bold, Fight as the saints who nobly fought of old, And win with them, the victor’s crown of gold, Alleluia! Alleluia! iv Author’s Note The Annual Assembly of the Congregational Union of England and Wales held in May 1965, decided by an overwhelming majority, to adopt a new constitution to take effect at the May 1966 Assembly. The new constitution altered the name of the old Union to The Congregational Church in England and Wales and adopted a new basis of faith. As neither the new denomination nor the new basis of faith was found to be acceptable to the members of the Independent Chapel, the Church Meeting of 12th July 1965, decided to withdraw from the Union and seek affiliation with the Fellowship of Independent Evangelical Churches. This matter was carried through and the Church Meeting of 18th October following, was so advised. v Contents Chapter Introduction 1 1 Elizabethan background 3 2 The Commonwealth 8 3 Indulgence 17 4 Dagnall Lane, the Presbyterian Era 21 5 Dagnall Lane, the Arian controversy 32 6 Dagnall Lane, Declension 41 7 The Independents, a new beginning 47 8 The Independent Chapel, Spicer Street Rev John Hayter Cox and Rev George Brown 56 9 The Independent Chapel, Spicer Street, the Middle Years 64 10 The Independent Chapel, Spicer Street, Expansion 72 11 The outreach of a New Century 82 12 Twentieth Century Zenith 94 13 The Independent Chapel, the last sixty years 100 14 Conclusion, the present pastorate 109 Appendices 120 Bibliography 146 Plates beginning page 153 vi INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION Anyone who would study the progress of Congregationalism in St Albans is, at once, under an obligation to the late Rev William Urwick for his monumental work “Nonconformity in Herts.” At the outset, the writer feels that due acknowledgement should be paid to this former minister of the Independent Chapel. In his book, “Confessions to an Un-common Attorney”, the late Reginald L Hine writes: “Occasionally if I wanted a change in the relaxation of lunch-time reading, I would forsake the attics and go down into the cellar (ie of his firm: Hawkins and Co, Potmill Lane, Hitchin), a murky, damp, spider-infested place, housing the records of the archdeaconry, in which ecclesiastical area the firm had held office as registrar for more than two hundred years. In the fitful gleam of a candle it was difficult to make out the faded script, and I marvelled at the scholarly devotion and the good eyes of William Urwick, who had spent a whole year in the same cellar digging out material for his ‘Nonconformity in Herts’”.1 In tracing the story through the years, the thread leads back again and again to Mr Urwick’s work and to the authorities and sources he quotes. It is a good story and worth the telling. There is cause for joy in it, and reason to praise God, that the handful of believers who went underground with the passing of the Act of Uniformity in 1662, should have such robust descendants in the congregations of Spicer Street Chapel, Trinity Congregational Church and Bricket Wood Congregational Church, to say nothing of the church at Harpenden, which was hewn from the same rock. What is true of St Albans must be true of many other congregations in the cities and provincial towns of our land, congregations who followed their ejected ministers out of their parish churches into the unknown, on that bleak St Bartholomew’s Day of 1662; yet the melody of praise has lingered on and the testimony lives still, in spite of the lapse of the years. The story of Congregationalism in St Albans, or anywhere else, is the story of three centuries of Christian witness. The preparation of this account, which has occupied my very few leisure hours for some years – sometimes only a few minutes in a week – has been a labour of love. The collecting of the photographs has been a great pleasure; many have been the failures; some pictures I have failed to find, but at last the finished work, in its present form, is “laid up” in the archives of the chapel in Spicer Street for any, in the future, who might be interested enough to look through and read. I wish to thank the many friends who have helped me and encouraged me in writing this account. I think of the Church Officers at Spicer Street: the Misses C K Catton and A C Ironmonger; Mr A P Burnet of Trinity Congregational Church; Pastor L T Read and Mr Barlow of Bricket Wood Congregational Church; Mr Lines of Harpenden Congregational 1 Hine, Reginald L “Confessions of an Un-common Attorney” pp 14 & 15 1 INTRODUCTION Church; the Rev Dr Morris West of the Dagnall Street Baptist Church; the Misses Wilson and Bursnell of the St Albans Library; Mr Howard Cox of Ruislip, the great-grandson of Spicer Street’s first minister, the Rev John Hayter Cox; Mr Tom Beardsmore, who placed his unique collection of books on Hertfordshire at my disposal; Mt A H V Poulton, curator of Hatfield Road Museum; the staff of Dr William’s library; Mr K J Townsend, one of the deacons of Spicer Street Chapel who drew the map; Messrs Brian Beardsmore, Michael Bakes and my old friend Mr R H Weighell of Ventnor for help with the photography and finally, but not least, Mrs Valerie Payne and Mrs Margaret Ramsey for doing the typing; my hearty thanks to them all. This is not a ‘deep’ work, nor is it necessarily exhaustive. I believe that it does form the first attempt to bring the history of Congregationalism in St Albans, as such, into one volume. As faithfully as possible, I have followed the original records where they have been available and secured as many books on the subject as I was able. My earnest wish is that if any do turn over these pages and look at the plates, they may not only be interested, but see something of the love which the writer has for the people and place of the chapel in Spicer Street; and above all, may Christ be glorified in this and in all things. If I have made mistakes as, no doubt, I have; if I have been guilty of omissions or if I have used material without due acknowledgement, I crave forgiveness and would shelter behind the fifteenth century dedication of old Sir Richard Ross: - Goo, little book, God sende thi good passage, And specially lete this be thi prayere Unto hem all that thi wil rede or here Where thou art wrong, after their helpe to calle, The to correcte in eny parte or alle. F A J Harding The Independent Chapel Spicer Street St Albans St Bartholomew’s Day, 1962 2 ELIZABETHAN BACKGROUND Chapter 1 ELIZABETHAN BACKGROUND “For every battle of the warrior is with confused noise and garments rolled in blood; but this shall be with burning and fuel of fire.”1 Such was the background of Independency in the closing years of the Sixteenth century. Mary Tudor died on 17th November 1558 and the fires of Smithfield abated, but the “battle of the warrior” went on. John Richard Green states: - “Never had the fortunes of England sunk to a lower ebb than at the moment when Elizabeth mounted the throne.”2 Fear of Rome, hatred of Spain and dread of war with France, caused a violent reaction among the people in favour of the throne, and Elizabeth, inheriting a kingdom stricken by the misrule of her predecessor, at once became the symbol both of political freedom and the Protestant religion of her father and her brother. It was most surely not the fulsome praise of the sycophant which prompted the translators of the Authorised version of the Bible to refer to the new queen afterwards, as “that bright Occidental Star...of most happy memory.” 3 By birth and conviction, Elizabeth was a Protestant. That she persecuted both Roman Catholics and Puritans with equal vigour was a sign of the times. She cared neither for “the theology of Protestantism nor its ritual, but the loyalty of her people and the ecclesiastical independence of her crown. She was resolved to be the Queen of all Englishmen, and to permit no rival power to command the obedience of her subjects.”4 Thus the Queen, in her attempt to achieve political unity, endeavoured to secure spiritual uniformity as a means to this end. To do this successfully, she appointed Parker, Archbishop of Canterbury – “Nosey” Parker, as the vulgar called him - to assist her, and at once he began to introduce such measures as would secure uniformity of faith and worship. The forty-two articles of religion recognised in the reign of Edward VI were reduced to thirty-nine, and the Act of Uniformity of 15th January, 1549 ordering the use of the Prayer Book, and which had been repealed by Queen Mary in 1553, was re-enacted in 1559 by Queen Elizabeth's orders.