Legenden Der Natur

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Legenden Der Natur Legenden der Natur Schutzgebiete im Südlichen Kaukasus GEORGIEN Durchgeführt von: 2 Georgien Borjomi Imereti Kazbegi Borjomi-Kharagauli Imereti-Höhlen Kazbegi Nationalpark Schutzgebiete Nationalpark Offene Weiten - grüne Spuren der Vergangenheit – Prometheus’ Schicksalsberg Abenteuer – Borjomi-Khara- Die Region Imereti besitzt – Der geheimnisumwitterte gauli ist einer der größten verschiedene Schutzgebiete Kazbegi Nationalpark hat Nationalparke Europas und mit Karsthöhlen, seltenen seinen Namen vom eis- zeichnet sich durch atem- zoologischen und botani- bedeckten vulkanischen beraubende Panoramen, schen Arten und aufregenden Bergriesen Kasbek, der eine urtümliche, zusammenhän- Dinosaurierfußspuren. legendäre Verbindung zur gende Waldlandschaften Seite 12 Prometheus-Sage hat. und durch Georgiens Seite 14 berühmteste Heilquellen aus. Seite 10 Kintrishi Lagodekhi Mtirala Kintrishi Lagodekhi Mtirala Schutzgebiete Schutzgebiete Nationalpark Historische Vegetation – Die Märchenwälder des Großen Nebelberge – Der Mtirala atemberaubende Schlucht Kaukasus – Ganz im Nationalpark liegt am Schwar- des Flusses Kintrishi Nordosten Georgiens formen zen Meer und ist nach seinem beherbergt ein Naturreservat mächtige Flüsse herrliche „weinenden Berg“, dem und eine „Geschützte Gebirgslandschaften mit „Mtirala“ benannt, der als Landschaft“ mit kolchischen dichten Märchenwäldern in der regenreichste Ort Europas Wäldern, die bis in geologi- üppigem Grün. gilt. Der Nationalpark ist eine sche Zeiten zurückreichen. Seite 18 Modellregion für Schutzge- Seite 16 bietstourismus in Georgien. Seite 20 Tusheti Vashlovani Weitere Schutzgebiete In Georgien können Sie viele weitere Tusheti Vashlovani interessante Schutzgebiete entdecken. Im Schutzgebiete Nationalpark Algeti Nationalpark hat die Nordmann-Tanne, der klassische „Christbaum“, ihre östliche Dem Himmel so nah – So Wüste trifft Wald – Die Verbreitungsgrenze. In den Javakheti-Schutz- fühlt man sich, wenn man Region des Vashlovani gebieten mit ihren ausgedehnten Feuchtge- Tusheti besucht. Hat man Nationalparks zeichnet sich bieten, die sich bis nach Armenien und die den Abano-Pass auf der durch ein heißtrockenes Türkei erstrecken, fi nden Sie ein Paradies einzigen Straße nach Klima, eine einzigartige für Vogelbeobachtung. Erkunden Sie die Tuschetien hinter sich Natur und ihre einzigartigen Hochmoore von Kobuleti gelassen, öffnet sich eine Kulturdenkmäler aus. und beobachten Sie Delphine im Kolkheti abgelegene und faszinieren- Seite 24 Nationalpark am Schwarzen Meer. Den de Hochgebirgswelt mit Besuch des Tbilisi Nationalparks können traditionellen Dörfern und Sie mit einer Besichtigung von Mtskheta, bemerkenswerten Wachtür- Georgiens historischer Hauptstadt, verbin- men, die bis ins Mittelalter den. Das Chachuna Biotopschutzgebiet zurückreichen. schließlich bietet herrliche Landschaften Seite 22 mit Baumgruppen sowie mit ariden und semiariden Ökosystemen. Seite 26 Georgien 3 Herzlich Willkommen INHALT in Georgien und der faszinierenden Kaukasusregion, Karte ............................................ 4 deren Tier- und Pflanzenwelt zu den reichsten und gleichzeitig bedrohtesten Naturschätzen der Erde gehört. Georgien Schätze zum Entdecken – Die “Kaukasus-Ökoregion” ist ein biologischer Schmelztie- Schätze zum Bewahren ...........6 gel. Hier gibt es Pflanzen- und Tierarten aus Europa, Asien und Afrika sowie ganz spezielle kaukasische Besonderhei- Borjomi-Kharagauli ten, die sonst nirgendwo auf der Welt zu finden sind. Ge- Nationalpark .......................... 10 genwärtig stehen zehn Prozent der Kaukasus-Ökoregion unter Naturschutz, doch ist unser Naturerbe nach wie vor Imereti-Höhlen gefährdet, und es muss in Zukunft noch viel getan werden. Schutzgebiete ........................ 12 Wir müssen Schutzgebiete erweitern und neue ausweisen, Habitat-Korridore schaffen und grenzüberschreitende An- Kazbegi sätze im Schutzgebietsmanagement weiterentwickeln. Nationalpark .......................... 14 In Georgien liegt die Zuständigkeit für den Schutz und Er- Kintrishi halt der Natur bei der Agency of Protected Areas. Abgese- Schutzgebiete ........................ 16 hen von den Aufgaben des Naturschutzes, der Wissen- schaft, Forschung und Umweltbildung kümmern wir uns Lagodekhi um die Interessen der einheimischen Bevölkerung in den jeweiligen Gebieten und sind bestrebt, Schutzgebiete ........................ 18 den dortigen Lebensstandard zu verbessern. Dabei ist eine nachhaltige Tourismusentwicklung zu einem Schlüsselthema geworden, da dies die Möglichkeit bietet, zusätzliche Einkommensquellen Mtirala zu erschließen und gleichzeitig verantwortlich mit der Natur umzugehen. Nationalpark .......................... 20 Neben der Wertschätzung des Naturerbes aus nationaler Sicht ist es unabdingbar, dass wir unse- ren Beitrag zu einem funktionierenden Netzwerk von Schutzgebieten leisten und uns um die Tusheti Schutzgebiete ........................ Kaukasus-Ökoregion in ihrer Gesamtheit kümmern. In diesem Zusammenhang möchte ich dem 22 deutschen Bundesministerium für wirtschaftliche Zusammenarbeit und Entwicklung (BMZ) und der KfW für ihr aktives Engagement danken, das sie seit über einem Jahrzehnt in unserer Region Vashlovani Nationalpark .......................... zeigen. Ein Großteil der Fortschritte, die wir in der Vernetzung und Entwicklung von Schutzgebie- 24 ten gemacht haben, ist als Ergebnis dieser langjährigen Zusammenarbeit zu sehen. Weitere Schutzgebiete ........... 26 Schlussendlich ist auch die vorliegende Publikation auf der Basis des Engagements und des ein- gespielten Teamworks von begeisterten Einzelpersonen, Institutionen und Organisationen entstan- Nützliche Adressen ............... 28 den. Ihnen allen gebührt unser Dank. Die Erstellung dieser Broschüre ist Teil eines grenzübergrei- fenden Förderprogramms für Armenien, Aserbaidschan und Georgien. Auf diese Weise war es Impressum ............................ 31 möglich, einzelne Themen und Sichtweisen regional zusammenzuführen und einen gemeinsa- men Ansatz zur Vermarktung eines naturorientierten Tourismus im Südlichen Kaukasus zu entwi- ckeln. Diese Broschüre spiegelt inhaltlich die Ergebnisse von Diskussions- und Abstimmungsprozessen mit regionalen und lokalen Vertretern der Naturschutz- und Tourismusorganisationen, Schutzge- bietsverwaltungen und von Reiseveranstaltern wider. Die Informationen, die sie zusammengestellt haben, zeigen die Besonderheiten der Schutzgebiete auf und geben Hinweise zum Naturerleben für Gäste, die bereit sind, das sensible Gleichgewicht der Ökosysteme in unseren Schutzgebieten zu respektieren. Wir sind uns bewusst, dass die Umsetzung eines nachhaltigen Tourismus ein kontinuierlicher Prozess ist, der noch viele Aufgaben für uns bereithält, und wir sind entschlossen auf diesem Weg weiterzugehen. Letztendlich wird ein nachhaltiger Tourismus, verbunden mit dem Gedanken unser wertvolles Naturerbe zu schützen, sowohl für das Wohlergehen der lokalen Be- völkerung als auch für den Schutz der biologischen Vielfalt ausschlaggebend sein. Die vorliegende Broschüre soll Begeisterung für die Naturwunder Georgiens und der Kaukasus- Ökoregion wecken und Bewusstsein dafür schaffen, wie wichtig es ist, diesen Schatz zu bewahren. Rati Japaridze Vorsitzender der georgischen Agency of Protected Areas 2013 4 Georgien Themenpfade g Vogelbeobachtung Wildbeobachtung i Geführte Touren Organisierte Mehrtagestouren X Wandern Klettern / Bergsteigen Höhlenerkundung Radfahren / Mountainbiking Pferdetrekking Skilanglauf / Skiwandern Bootfahren Schwimmen Übernachtung in der Natur i Besucherzentrum M Museum E Bädertourismus 5 6 Georgien Schätze zum Entdecken – Schätze zum Bewahren Entdecken und genießen Sie die faszinierende Welt der Kaukasus-Ökoregion! Wunderbare Farben, wilde Kontraste, neblige Wälder und offene Weiten werden Sie inspirieren, wahrhaftige Legenden der Natur zu erleben. Die Kaukasus-Ökoregion hat viel zu erzählen. weist eine Vielzahl von Arten auf, die nur im Nirgendwo weltweit haben Wälder der gemä- Kaukasus vorkommen. Hierzu zählt der west- ßigten Zone eine größere biologische Vielfalt als und der ostkaukasische Steinbock, das Kau- im Kaukasus. Hier findet man weite, vom Men- kasus-Birkhuhn, der Kaukasus-Salamander schen unberührte Primärwälder, deren Ur- oder verschiedene Rhododendron-Varietä- sprünge sich auf die sogenannten kolchischen ten. Wälder zurückführen lassen und bei manchen Bäumen und Sträuchern sogar bis in geologi- Die Ökoregion umfasst zwei Gebirgsketten, die sche Zeiten lange vor der Entstehung des durch die Transkaukasische Senke voneinan- Menschen zurückreichen. der getrennt sind: den Großen Kaukasus im Norden und den Kleinen Kaukasus einschließ- Der Grund für diese außergewöhnliche Biodi- lich des vulkanischen Hochlands im Süden. FARBENFROHE ERINNERUNG AN TROPISCHE versität ist die spezielle Lage der Kaukasusre- Die Landschaften des Kaukasus bieten Hoch- ZEITEN: KOLCHISCHER WALD IM MTIRALA gion. Das gesamte Gebiet, das ungefähr die gebirgspanoramen und farbenprächtige alpine NATIONALpaRK, GEORGIEN. Größe der Iberischen Halbinsel hat, liegt zwi- Wiesen, Flüsse und Schluchten, Feuchtgebie- schen Schwarzem und Kaspischem Meer. So te und Seen, Steppen und Halbwüsten. Auf bildet es eine interessante Schnittstelle, an kürzester Distanz wechseln die Höhenlagen der kulturelle und biologische Einflüsse aus von unterhalb des Meeresspiegels bis zu Armenien, Georgien, Aserbaidschan, der Hochgebirgsgipfeln mit mehr als 5.000 Me- Türkei, Russland und dem Iran zusammen- tern. Dies führt mit der speziellen Lage zwi- kommen. Die
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