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Home , Bolete, Cantharellus cibarius, Edible mushroom, Omphalotus, Russula brevipes, Russula emetica

Edible and their Poisonous (or Inedible) Look-alikes -- Cape Cod Area --

Hannah Nadel Presented to the Cape Cod Club August 14, 2013

Top Keepers and Discards Keepers Discards • Yellow Morel...... • • King ...... • Bitter Bolete • Golden ...... • False Chanterelle • American ...... • • Lobster Mushroom...... • Lobster Mushroom on some brittle caps, milk caps • Shellfish-scented • Red brittle caps Mushroom...... • The Gypsy...... • Gymnopilus, Poison Pie • Blewit...... • Viscid Violet Cort

Cont’d

• Alcohol inky...... • Alcohol inky + booze • Meadow Mushroom & • Iodine-scented relatives...... species, Poison Pie • Mushroom...... • Poison Pie, Deadly • ...... • Earthballs, eggs • Chicken of the Woods.... • When on

Plus Miscellaneous cautionary notes Note on photo credits: • Unless otherwise noted, credited photos are from Wikimedia Commons (free use). • No credits: my photos. Note on abbreviations: • SP = print color • Species abundance in New : • C = Common • FC = Fairly common • O = Occasional • Name or notes in yellow: warning. • Note in pink: edible species. Morels False Morel, Brain Mushroom esculenta & elata Cap pitted. UNPREDICTABLY DEADLY! CHOICE EDIBLES MMHydrazine toxins.

C FC

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All spring fruiters spring All C

Yellow Morel Black Morel Grow in mixed woods, Grows under conifers. Photo: Bernd Haynold burned areas, orchards. Photo: Severine Meißner King Boletus, Cep, Porcini SP olive-brown CHOICE EDIBLE

FC Grows in woods, especially conifers. Photo: Dezidor Photo: User: White reticulation (netting) at least at the top of the stalk. Bitter-tasting boletes Ornate-stalked Boletus Bitter bolete B. ornatipes, sometimes felleus bitter Pores pinkish in age Stalk, pores stain orange

Photo: bernd gliwa Mycoweb.com Two poisonous boletes: Gastrointestinal upset Both have red parts; all parts stain bright blue when cut or bruised

1. Boletus sensibilis SP olive-brown.

B. sensibilis (button) Photo: Kira (Kiradee) at Mushroom Observer Grows under hardwoods.

Photo: Hugh Urban at www.morelmushroomhunting.com O to FC 2. Red-mouth Bolete Boletus subvelutipes SP dark olive-brown.

Photo: the3foragers

FC Red pores when young. Grows under hardwoods, esp. .

Photos: Dave W. Golden Chanterelle CHOICE EDIBLE ( cibarius)

Grows on ground in woods. SP pinkish cream to pale buff.

Gill-like ridges, blunt. mild to fragrant, . FC

Photo: Игорь Лебединский False chanterelle Jack-o-Lantern aurantiaca SP white. SP whitish cream.

True gills

FC FC Photo: W.J.Pilsak Photo: Antonio Abbatiello Grows on debris. Reported hallucinations possibly Grows on hardwood trees, stumps. due to confusion with Stong gastrointestinal upset. Gymnopilus spp.; flavor blah. Shellfish-scented Two wine-colored, edible brittle caps

Good Blackish-red Russula edible. R. vinacea SP white; stalk white. common Edible

C

Photo: Gordon Zhang

SP ochre; burgundy blush on stalk Photo: www.mtsn.tn.it On ground in woods. news Several red brittle caps of unknown edibility or... worse Brighter red cap acrid, bitter, or bland

Emetic Russula SP creamy, pale yellow. Stalk white. Taste ACRID. Causes vomiting. Unidentified Russula R. pseudolepida R. rubescens SP yellow-cream SP ochre uncommon uncommon & other variations on the theme of red-capped Just avoid the red ones... Short-stalked White Russula Funnel-shaped, large, Edible white brittle caps SP white to pale cream. Bad-tasting: Taste not distinctive. Grows under hardwoods/conifers. 1) R. brevipes has an acrid- tasting variety! Bluish-green tinted gills & stalk apex. 2) Russula vesicatoria 3) Russula piperatus & Others C SP dark cream Taste acrid, bitter. Photo: Joseph O'Brien, USDA Forest Service, Bugwood.org

Lobster Mushroom CHOICE EDIBLE parasitizing brittle caps or milk caps (the “”)

Caution: • Know the host mushroom. • Check unparasitized specimens in the vicinity to confirm host. • May grow on a mildly upsetting milk cap or on Emetic Russula?

Usually masks acrid flavor of host.

Photo: Joe Mabel 1) Yellow Gymnopilus- Psychoactive Gypsy Mushroom Gymnopilus luteus Cortinarius (Rozites) Grows on tree stumps, logs caperatus SP yellow-orange Grows on ground Ring is webby SP rusty brown Ring is membranous

Good edible C

Photo: Strobilomyces Photo: Dan Moltor 2) Laughing Gym (Jim) Gymnopilus junonius (spectabilis) Psychoactive (psilocybin) SP rusty brown. Ring is webby.

Grows on tree stumps, logs. Both Gymnopilus may appear to grow on the ground if on buried wood. Gypsy Photo: Tony Wills mushroom, American Matsutake magnivelare CHOICE EDIBLE Grows on ground, conifers/hardwoods

SP white. Odor “dirty gym socks”, sweet-spicy, fruity. Thick white cottony veil/ring. Gills attached to notched.

FC

Photo: Ryane Snow at Mushroom Observer White Amanitas, like 95% of mushroom Destroying Angel fatalities in US are due to white Amanita virosa amanitas! Deadly! Amanitin toxin kills liver cells. Under oaks. SP white. Odor not distinctive.

Volva present.

Gills free of stem or very finely attached. Veil not cottony, higher on stalk, Pine mushroom often disappears. Edible Tree SP pinkish. Free gills, no ring. Volva.

Grows on live or dead hardwood trees, logs.

O Pinkish gills, , and lack of ring separate Volvariella from Amanita.

Photo: Hagen Graebner Blewit Edible Viscid Violet Cort nuda Cortinarius iodes SP pinkish tan CAUTION: May be poisonous Gills notched to sinuate. (long-term consumption?) SP rusty brown. Gills attached, lilac/violet when young.

FC FC Grows on ground in woods, Grows on ground under meadows, lawns, plant residues. hardwoods. Honey Mushroom Edible when thoroughly cooked. melea SP pale cream.

Gills attached to subdecurrent.

C Grows in clusters at base of trees or stumps.

Photo: at Mykoweb Photo: Stu Phillips Deadly Galerina SP rusty brown. (autumnalis) Grows on decaying Deadly! Amanita toxins. Causes liver wood. Gills attached to and kidney damage. subdecurrent. Cap small (to 2.5”). Stalk with ring.

FC Photo: Lebrac Poison Pie Hebeloma crustuliniforme Causes gastrointentinal distress. SP yellow-brown, brown. Gills notched.

Photo: rain at Mushroom Oberver

Grows on ground in woods.

Gills edged with white; finely notched; FC with brown droplets when fresh. Photo: www.stridval.se Good edibles Cauthion: GI upset Several Agaricus species from Agaricus species that smell like phenol (ink, iodine, medicinal, unpleasant)

Horse Mushroom A. arvensis Meadow Mushroom A. campestris Photo: Nathan Wilson Agaricus placomyces Sulphur Shelf, Chicken Mushroom CHOICE sulphureus EDIBLE Caution: may Annual. Grows on dead trees, logs. cause GI upset Pores yellow. when grows on conifer wood.

FC Puffballs Good Edibles when young Lycoperdon Calvatia

C Pear-shaped Lycoperdon pyriforme and other species. When older -- soft like a marshmallow or no longer white inside -- taste and texture are no FC longer desireable. Giant Puffball, Calvatia gigantea, and other species. Earthballs Amanita “egg” Scleroderma - Poisonous. Deadly, if deadly Spore mass grayish, species! turning black or purple- black. Outline of mushroom -like structures. visible when cut.

Alcohol Inky Edible but avoid alcohol Coprinus atramentarius within 48 hours! Alcohol consumption causes SP black. flushing; swelling and Gills free, crowded. numbness of hands and feet; rapid heartbeat; vomiting.

Grows in clusters on grass, wood VC chips, tree bases. Man-on-Horseback (was flavovirens) SP white. Gills notched. On ground in conifers/mixed woods Traditionally a choice edible, now with caution!

Photo: Matthias Renner Quiz: What is this growing on wood chips? SP Purple-brown

FC Answer on next slide Photo: Ann F. Berger The End

(Answer to quiz on previous slide: Wine-Cap Stropharia Stropharia rugosoannulata)