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By • V' V / Robert H* Weber The geology of the east-central portion of the Huachuca Mountains, Arizona Item Type text; Dissertation-Reproduction (electronic) Authors Weber, Robert H. (Robert Harrison), 1919- Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 10/10/2021 11:00:15 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/565367 THE GEOLOGY OF THE EAST-CEUTRAL PORTION OF THE HTIACHTJCA MOUNTAINS, ARIZONA by • v' v / Robert H* Weber A Thesis submitted to the faculty of the Department of Geology in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate College, University of Arizona 1950 Approved: >*77 .9 jr, ■ /^> Director of Thesis TABLE OF CONTENTS pa^e INTRODUCTION .................................................... 1 Location and Accessibility •••••«••••••••••••••••«•••••••••* 1 Character and Scope of Investigation ......... 2 Previous Work . ......................... .......... 4 Topography and Drainage . ...................... Topography............................................ Drainage .................... ....... .. .... 7 Vegetation .................. 10 Climate........12 Water Supply ................. 14 Acknowledgement s 19 DESCRIPTIVE GEOLOGY............................................. 20 Stratigraphy* ........... 20 Stratigraphic Summary ........................ 20 BoIsa Quartzite ..................................... 22 Cochise Formation.......... 25 Abrigo Limestone ................................... 30 Picacho de Calera Formation 34 Martin Limestone and Beds of Lower Ouray Age .......... 39 Escabrosa Limestone ....................... 44 Naco Limestone .............................. .... .... 47 Permian Strata .................................. 50 Lower Cretaceous Series 52 Quaternary Alluvium ................................... 59 Intrusive Igneous Rocks 61 Summary of Intrusive Rocks ........................ 61 Foothills Granite 62 Fletcher Ridge Granite ................................ 65 Lamprophyre Dikes ........... 70 Rhyolite Porphyry ........................... 72 Rhyolite (?) .......................................... 73 Unclassified Basic Dikes •••••••••••••••..... 74 Andesite Porphyry ................. 76 Quartz Latite Porphyry ................................ 77 Granite Peak Quartz Monzonite ......................... 80 Metamorphism 86 Dynamic Metamorphism .................................. 86 Contact Metamorphism 87 Marble Zone •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 88 Tactite Zone ................................... 90 Epidotization ................ 94 Structure ..................................... 95 Structural Summary 95 Folds ................................................. 96 Huachuca Anticline ............................... 96 Minor Anticlinal-Synclinal Folds ................. 98 Overturned Folds .......... 99 Drag Folds 100 210752 TABLE OF CONTENTS Faults ................................... 101 Thrust Faults ...................... 101 Wisconsin Thrust System ••••••••••••••••••••• 102 Crest Line Thrust System .................... 103 Lepidus Thrust System......•••••••••••••••••• 106 Manzanita Thrust System 107 Foothills Thrust Zones 108 Boundary Thrust Faults ...................... Tear Faults Normal Faults ............. Age of Major Structures................................ Stress Relations ..................................... Pre-Csnbrian Structural Trends •••••••••••••••••••••••• MINERAL DEPOSITS ................................................ General Features Tungsten Reef Inline Location History ............................i.V................ Production Claims Mine Workings ....................................... Reef Veins Structural Control - Vein Emplacement ............ Ore Shoots Tungsten Ore Shoots Structural Control - tungsten ore shoots .... Gold-Silver Ore Shoots ••.•••••••••••••••••••••••• Structural control - gold-silver ore shoots . Lead Ore Shoots Structural control - lead ore shoots ........ Wall Rock Alteration .......... Mineralogy Hypogene Ore Minerals .... Pyrite (Fesg) ....... Scheelite (CaWO/).... Sphalerite (ZnSj..... Chalcopyrite (CuF oSq ) Galena (PbS) ....... Tellurides Gangue Minerals ......................... Sericite (ZH^O.^O.SAlgOg.SSiOg)...... Quartz (SiOoJ. Calcite (CaCO^) Supergene Minerals Limonite (HFeO^.nH^O) and (Fe^OoeOHUO), Hematite (FegO^)... Stolzite (PbWO^) TABLE OF CONTESTS Supergene copper minerals ..... Anglesite (PbSO,).......... Plumboj arc site tPbFeA(0H)T2 (S0/ Native-gold (Aa) *••*••••••»••• Wad (hydrated Mn a M Fe oxides) Pmragenetic Sunmaiy Type Deposit ................................... 147 Post-Ore PaultiHr ........................... 147 Metallurgy of Reef Ores . 148 James Mine . 1 5 0 Location......... 150 History and Production .............. 150 Geology and Ore Deposits ...................... 151 Scheelite-hearing Quartz Veins in Granite .............. 153 Distribution ..................... 153 History and production 154 Geology and Ore Deposits ............ 154 Pyritic Gold-Quartz Veins .............................. 154 Distribution..... ....................... 154 History and Production ...... 155 Geology and Ore Deposits 155 Wisconsin Mines 156 Location 156 History and Production 156 (^)logy m i Ore D^osits .......... 158 Relationships of Contact Metamorphic and Other Ore Zones .. 161 ILLUSTRATIOBS Figures 1* Index map of Arizona **.*...#**#*«****»*«**««««* P&ge 1 2« Generalized columnar section facing page 20 3. Structural map of southeastern Arizona ..... ...following page 119 Plates 1. Geologic map of east-central Huachuca Mountains............in pocket 2. Geologic cross-sections to accompany map ..................in pocket 3. Topographic map of Hereford Quadrangle, Arizona............in pocket following rage 4* Panoramic view of Huachuca Mountains.......... ............. 165 5* A. Bolsa quartzite B. Contact of Bolsa quartzite and Foothills granite ........ 166 6. A. Basal strata of Cochise formation B. Abrigo limestone.................................... 167 7. A. Stromatoporoid bed of Picache de Calera formation B. Partially leached dolomitic sandstone, Martin limestone . 168 8. A. Camarotoechia (Paurorhyncha) andliohj! B. Escabrosa limestone in Blanco Peak . 169 9* A. Outcrop of Foothills granite B. Thin section of Foothills granite 170 10. A. Outcrop of Fletcher Ridge granite B. Thin section of Fletcher Ridge granite 171 11. A. Thin section of Fletcher Ridge aplite B. Thin section of andesite porphyry •••♦••••••••••••••••••• 172: 12. A. Thin section of quartz latite porphyry B. Thin section of quartz nonzonite 173 following rage 13. A, Thin section of altered limestone from marble zone. B. Outcrop of tactite ... ... ........ .......... 174 14. A. Thin section of gametite from tactite zone. B. Fault in north wall of Carr Canyon ................... 175 15. A. Overturned fold in Ramsey Peak. B. Overturned Bolsa quartzite in Manzanita thrust system 176 16. A. Drag folds in Abrigo limestone. B. Drag folds in Bolsa quartzite ......................... 177 17. A. Crest Line thrust system under Ramsey Peak. B. Crest Line fault under Carr Peak ...................... 178 18. A. Reef syncline. B. Foothills thrust zone ............................ 179 19* A. Detail of foliation in Foothills thrust zone. B. Crump Hill •••••••••♦•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 180 20. A. Reef road. B. Tungsten Reef mine area 181 21. A. Old mill site, Tungsten Reef mine. B. Smith mill. Tungsten Reef mine ................... 182 22. A. Blanket quartz vein, north area. Tungsten Reef mine. B. Blanket quartz vein, south area, Tungsten Reef mine ............................................. 183 23. A. Blanket quartz vein, south area. Tungsten Reef mine. B. Vein adjoining A., above .............................. 184 24* A. Cross vein in south area, Tungsten Reef mine. B. Cross veins, south area. Tungsten Reef mine ...... .... 185 25. A. Slickensides in quartz vein, south area. Tungsten Reef mine. B. Slickensides in quartz vein, south area, Tungsten Reef mine 186 26. A. Ribbon structure in vein quartz, south area. Tungsten Reef mine. B. Galena in vein quarts, south area. Tungsten Reef mine. > C. Scheelite, south area. Tungsten Reef mine ........ 187 following page 27* A. Scheelite in vein quartz, south area. Tungsten Reef nine ........................... 188 28. A. Breccia ted blanket quartz vein, north area. Tungsten Reef mine . B. Detail of A., above 189 29. A. Outcrop of quartz vein at James mine. B. Adit of James mine .............................. 190 30. A. S che elite -bearing quartz vein in Foothills granite. Pleasant View claims................... 191 INTRODUCTION Location and Accessibility The Huachuca Mountains are situated near the southwestern corner of Cochise County, southeastern Arizona (Fig. l). The point intersected by 21°25* N. Lat. and 110°20* 17. Long, marks the approximate center of the range. The area covered by the accompanying geologic map (Plate l) is shown by the U. S. Geological Survey topographic map of the Hereford Quadrangle, Arizona, edition of 1914, on a scale of 1:125,000 (Plate 3)« In the present study, a total of about 18 square miles was mapped in detail. The area mapped is bounded on the north by the southern boundary of the Fort Huachuca Military Reservation; on the vest by the axial divide of
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