An introduction to the beautiful island lifeoftaiwan.com [email protected] !1 Index An Introduction to Taiwan ..................................................................................4 People of Taiwan ..............................................................................................6 Taiwan’s Languages .......................................................................................10 Geography and Climate ..................................................................................11 Climate ..........................................................................................................14 Nature and Ecology ........................................................................................15 Food and Drink ...............................................................................................18 Religion in Taiwan ...........................................................................................25 Destinations ...................................................................................................29 Taipei .............................................................................................................30 Taroko Gorge .................................................................................................35 Sun Moon Lake ..............................................................................................40 Alishan ...........................................................................................................43 Tainan ............................................................................................................46 Lugang ..........................................................................................................49 Kenting ..........................................................................................................51 East Taiwan ....................................................................................................54 Mount Jade and Snow Mountain..................................................................... 57 Shei-Pa National Park .....................................................................................59 The Surrounding Islands .................................................................................60 Private Tours of Taiwan ....................................................................................67 Client Reviews................................................................................................ 67 Contact Us ....................................................................................................72 lifeoftaiwan.com [email protected] !2 Thank you for contacting Life of Taiwan We pride ourselves on creating unique first class travel experiences for visitors to the beautiful island of Taiwan. In many ways our unique o#ering is unique. We were founded by a group of long- term English speaking expats who are supported by a wonderful team of Taiwanese travel professionals, itinerary designers and cultural experts. We are united by the common goal of sharing our appreciation of the island with our guests. We take you away from the tourist spots and sightseeing crowds into the vibrant life of Taiwan and its remarkable people and culture. Whether you’re looking to explore the islands breathtaking nature, tour the imperious mountains or sample foods from the bustling night markets, we can create the perfect itinerary for you. Our tour curators will create amazing travel experiences for you. They understand that no two tours are the same and will tailor your itinerary to your specific needs, not to a pre-determined tour package. This information pack has been created for you Steven Crook, the author of many books on the island including Taiwan: The Bradt Travel Guide. He’s acknowledged as one of the worlds leading experts on travel in Taiwan, and he has been living on and writing about the beautiful island for more than twenty years. We hope it is of use to you! If you need any assistance, please get in touch. Kind regards, Mark Sinclair, Founder, Life of Taiwan lifeoftaiwan.com [email protected] !3 An Introduction to Taiwan There is more information on our website, but for your convenience here is a brief introduction to the key destinations on the island. It will give you a taste of which places you feel would of most interest to you. Taiwan is a semi-tropical island in East Asia, one of the world’s most exciting and rapidly changing regions. Like many other places in Asia, Taiwan is densely populated and highly developed in terms of economics, technology and transport. Its people are highly educated and well-travelled. Nonetheless, exotic cultures thrive throughout the island, and breathtakingly unspoiled scenery can be found in its mountainous interior. Until recently, Taiwan was thought of mainly as a destination for business people. However, thanks to its blend of Chinese tradition and modern influences – not to mention its fabulous ecological treasures and exceptionally friendly people – it’s becoming a very popular destination for international tourists. The Island Taiwan covers an area of 36,191 km2. The main island, Taiwan, accounts for all but a tiny part of the country’s land area. It’s slightly bigger than the US state of Maryland and around half the size of Scotland. Some 394 km long and 144 km wide, Taiwan’s shape has been compared to both a tobacco leaf and a sweet potato. The western half of Taiwan is well- watered and mostly flat, and thus suitable for farming, although agriculture is no longer an important part of the economy. Mountain ranges run almost the entire length of the island, with 258 peaks higher than 3,000 m (9,842 feet). These mountains mean that journeys from west to east are slow but o#er breathtaking scenery. Much of the highlands are forested, and national parks, notably Taroko and Yushan, showcase Taiwan’s alpine beauty. lifeoftaiwan.com [email protected] !4 Taiwan’s Population Taiwan’s population of 23.2 million is concentrated in the western lowlands, with the main cities of Taipei, New Taipei, Taoyuan, Taichung, Tainan and Kaohsiung accounting for over 15 million people. More people live in the north than the south, and the population of the western half outnumbers that of the east by over ten to one. Also, Taiwan’s human population is much more diverse than you might think when you step o# the airplane. Many Taiwanese have mixed ancestry because intermarriage was common in the 17th and 18th centuries and has become very common again recently. However, individuals are still usually placed in one of four categories, including the island’s original inhabitants and those who settled in Taiwan over the past 400 years. There are also 300,000-plus immigrants from other Asian countries. Taiwan’s population is ageing rapidly. As recently as the 1960s, most families had five or more children. Taiwan is now said to have the lowest birth rate in the world, around 0.9 to 1.07 children per couple, far below replacement rate. Some predict the island’s total population will begin falling within three decades. Taiwan’s rivers are short and fast. There are few natural lakes of any size, Sun Moon Lake being the result of human intervention. The main island has 1,566 km of coast, including sand and shale beaches, wetlands full of water birds, plus some of the world’s tallest cli#s. lifeoftaiwan.com [email protected] !5 People of Taiwan The Indigenous Tribes Taiwan’s indigenous tribes have been on the island for thousands of years, but are now a tiny minority. Just one in fifty Taiwanese is o$cially aboriginal, yet a far greater proportion – possibly a majority of the population – has some aboriginal heritage. All of Taiwan’s aboriginal tribes – o$cially there are 16 – are Austronesian, and many experts believe Taiwan is where the Austronesian branch of mankind started out. Each tribe has its own language, yet many young aborigines can’t speak more than a few words in their ancestral tongue. Well into the 20th century, most Taiwanese of Han Chinese origin (be they Hoklo or Hakka) regarded aborigines as savages, and it’s true that as recently as the 1930s some indigenous groups hadn’t given up their old head-hunting ways. The Japanese colonial authorities tried to stamp out certain cultural practices, such as the tattooing of women’s faces. Indigenous clans in the mountains lived by hunting and gathering (hunting remains a popular pastime among aborigines living in the highlands), but lowland aborigines farmed and raised livestock. Nowadays, aborigines can be found doing all kinds of jobs. They’re especially well-represented in sport and music; many become professional soldiers or police o$cers. lifeoftaiwan.com [email protected] !6 Aboriginal villages are transformed during celebrations such as the Amis Harvest Festival held in several villages in the East Rift Valley. Residents of all ages don traditional costumes and take part in outdoor dances; beautiful polyphonic melodies are sung; and young men engage in contests to show o# their strength and skill. Unlike their Han compatriots, most Taiwanese aborigines are Christian. Cultural di#erences between the tribes include facial tattooing (customary among the Atayal, Paiwan, Puyuma, Rukai, Saisiyat, Sediq and Truku) and hand tattooing (confined to the Paiwan and Rukai tribes). Because the Japanese authorities regarded tattooing as a savage custom, the only aborigines now alive with traditional face