Inge Kral & Robert G
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INGE KRAL & ROBERT G. (JERRY) SCHWAB Centre for Aboriginal Economic Policy Research Research School of Social Sciences College of Arts and Social Sciences The Australian National University Learning Spaces BOOK FILE.indb 1 21/08/12 10:16 AM Published by ANU E Press The Australian National University Canberra ACT 0200, Australia Email: [email protected] This title is also available online at http://epress.anu.edu.au National Library of Australia Cataloguing-in-Publication entry Author: Kral, Inge. Title: Learning spaces : youth, literacy and new media in remote Indigenous Australia / Inge Kral and Robert G. Schwab. ISBN: 9781922144089 (pbk.) 9781922144096 (ebook) Notes: Includes bibliographical references and index. Subjects: Computers and literacy--Australia. Aboriginal Australians--Effect of technological innovations on. Learning--Technological innovations--Australia. Other Authors/Contributors: Schwab, Robert G. Dewey Number: 371.26 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. Design by Gillian Cosgrove. Front cover photograph by Alan Nash, 2012, © Ngaanyatjarra Media. Printed by Griffin Press This edition © 2012 ANU E Press Learning Spaces BOOK FILE.indb 2 21/08/12 10:16 AM Contents Acknowledgements vii Abbreviations and acronyms ix Aboriginal language words ix Foreword x Chapter 1 Chapter 3 Design Principle 4: INTRODUCTION 1 LEARNING SPACES: FROM A space to grow into new THE LOCAL TO THE GLOBAL 43 roles and responsibilities 72 The research project 2 What’s the difference between Design Principle 5: The research journey 5 learning and schooling? 45 A space to practice oral Why anthropology? 5 and written language 77 What role does language play in Why ethnography? 6 learning? 46 Design Principle 6: Why youth? 7 A space to express self Why digital media? 7 How is language related to the and cultural identity through Why learning? 8 acquisition of adult roles? 47 multimodal forms 85 How the project evolved 9 Where and how does learning Design Principle 7: actually take place? 48 A space to develop and Key Youth Participants engage in enterprise 88 and Collaborators 12 OK. But learning ‘what’? 50 Design Principle 8: Aim of the book 15 How is learning linked to A space to engage with the Identity? 51 world 90 Structure of this book 16 How is learning linked to the digital world? 52 Chapter 5 Chapter 2 YOUTH, LITERACY THE LEARNING SPACES 17 How are these new media linked to literacy? 53 AND LEARNING SPACES 93 The project sites 22 Supporting learning spaces 95 Chapter 4 Learning Spaces Sustaining the local and DESIGN PRINCIPLES and productive learning 28 creating links to the global 97 New spaces for FOR INDIGENOUS LEARNING SPACES 57 productive learning 30 Valuing a wide range The tools and contexts of outcomes 100 Design Principle 1: of productive learning 30 A space young New technologies and people control 58 Appendix 1 engagement with the world 32 RELEVANT WEBLINKS 103 Visual storytelling Design Principle 2: and cultural work A space for hanging 34 AUSTRALIA Music production out and ‘mucking around’ 65 Project links 103 and new technologies 37 Design Principle 3: Other 103 A space where learners learn 69 INTERNATIONAL Youth arts 104 Community ICT projects 104 iii Learning Spaces BOOK FILE.indb 3 21/08/12 10:16 AM Contents CONTINUED Appendix 2 LANGUAGE AND LITERACY STRATEGIES TO SUPPORT ICT AND DIGITAL MEDIA ACTIVITIES 105 Volunteers 105 Scaffolding 105 Scaffolding the reading/writing process 107 Vernacular literacy 107 Orthography 107 SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READING 108 Language and new literacies 108 Literacy as social practice 108 Digital media 109 Identity 109 Indigenous youth 110 Ethnography 110 REFERENCES 111 INDEX 121 iv LEARNING SPACES Learning Spaces BOOK FILE.indb 4 21/08/12 10:16 AM List of images Ngaanyatjarra Lands 5 Nathan Brown and Chris Reid using Jane Leonard with Belinda O’Toole ProTools music recording software, and Sadie Richards 70 Youth digital practices 8 Ngaanyatjarra music recording Jason Gibson with Youth Learning studio, Wingellina, 2011 39 Maxwell Tasman 70 Symposium, Darwin 2009 11 Digital Culture, Daniel Featherstone with Ricardo Ngaanyatjarra Lands Nyirripi Community 44 18 Weston and Amos Urban 70 Walking with Spirits Warburton Youth Arts Stewart Nelson Project Centre, 2009 Festival poster 48 19 mentoring Anthony Nelson 71 Figure 1: Ghunmarn Culture Centre 22 Revonna Urban working in the The evolution of learning 50 Ngapartji Ngapartji Ghunmarn Culture Centre, theatre performance poster 23 Mobile phone Wugularr, 2008 73 communication in Pitjantjatjara 52 Library and Natalie O’Toole learning Knowledge Centre, TiTree 24 Early design for the film and editing skills, ‘Youth Learning’ poster 53 Ngaanyatjarra Media 74 Youth Centre, Willowra Community 25 Shane White and Revonna Urban, Ghunmarn Culture Maxwell Tasman, Canberra 2011 55 Centre stall, Darwin Aboriginal Arts Media Centre, Fair, 2008 75 Blackstone Community 26 Arnhem Land billabong 58 Ghunmarn Culture Centre Alice Springs Public Library 27 Young people learning new stall, Darwin Aboriginal Arts skills at Ghunmarn Culture Centre, Fair, 2008 76 New forms of Wugularr, 2008 60 cultural production 28 Young women research bush Ngapartji Ngapartji theatre plant names to create written Natalie O’Toole and Chris Reid performance, Belinda O’Toole resources for beauty products from Wingellina Community 29 and Elton Wirri with elders 61 sold at Ghunmarn Culture Centre, Lana Campbell from Ngapartji Ngapartji theatre Wugularr 80 Ti Tree recording stories 31 performance, Belinda O’Toole Organisational learning in and Sadie Richards 61 Shane White from the Ghunamrn Culture Centre 81 Lajamanu recording stories 32 Nathan Brown, Youth Learning Nyirripi Youth Centre flyer 82 Symposium workshop, Shane White and Maxwell Tasman Darwin, September 2009 62 Lana Campbell, Ti Tree 83 from Lajamanu ‘mucking around’ with Final Cut Pro film editing 34 Francis Forrest and Ngapartji Ngapartji website 84 Azaria Roberston, Digital Culture, Wugularr 36 Youth Learning Workshop, Sadie Richards, Ngapartji Ngapartji 84 Revonna Urban filming Augustina Thakeperte, March 2009 62 Kennedy, Wugularr Community 36 Chris Reid doing an interview Land Rights News feature story on the Youth Learning Project, Alunytjuru Band, with ABC TV, Thakeperte, April 2009 85 Blackstone Music Festival, March 2009 65 Ngaanyatjarra Lands, 2007 38 Shane White: ‘Media has changed Alunytjuru Band upload to YouTube 86 Alunytjuru Band members Chris in my community’ 68 Reid and Nathan Brown using DVD titles from Anna Cadden with Shane White 70 GarageBand observed by Anthony Ngaanyatjarra Media 87 Nelson, Wingellina, 2008 38 Margaret Carew with ‘Bush’ beauty Gayle Campbell 70 products brochure 89 v Learning Spaces BOOK FILE.indb 5 21/08/12 10:16 AM List of images CONTINUED Augustina Kennedy making coffee at Ghunmarn Culture Centre 89 Ngaanyatjarra Lands 94 Figure 2: The process of productive learning 95 Shane White presenting at the AIATSIS National Indigenous Studies Conference, Canberra 2011 97 Chris Reid participating in the Youth Learning Symposium, Darwin 2009 98 Young people from Ngapartji Ngapartji meeting The Minister for School Education, Childhood and Youth, The Hon Peter Garrett AM, MP, Sydney 2008 100 The next generation 101 vi LEARNING SPACES Learning Spaces BOOK FILE.indb 6 21/08/12 10:16 AM Acknowledgements This research project was made possible through INDIGENOUS YOUTH LEADERSHIP PROGRAM joint funding from the Australian Research Joe Ross Council, The Australian National University and The Fred Hollows Foundation. We also wish to JAWOYN ASSOCIATION acknowledge the enormous in-kind contribution Wes Miller of all the individuals and organisations involved in this project, many of whom played multiple LAJAMANU COMMUNITY roles in collaborating in the research and/or Steve Patrick, Maxwell Tasman, Shane White providing technical and production input, ideas and inspiration: MEDIA TRAINERS AND PRODUCERS Anna Cadden, Ben Foley ALICE SPRINGS PUBLIC LIBRARY Fiona Blackburn NGAANYATJARRA MEDIA Nathan Brown, Belle Davidson, Delwyn Davidson, AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY Daniel Featherstone, John Gordon, Paul Maclay – ANU Multimedia Services Marcia Mitchell, Anthony Nelson, Natalie O’Toole, (Video Production) Monty O’Toole, Chris Reid, Noelie Roberts, Nina Tsernjavski, Alunytjuru Band from AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY – CENTRE Wingellina, Sunset Reggae Band from Kalka FOR ABORIGINAL ECONOMIC Photos: © Ngaanyatjarra Media/Valerie Bichard/ POLICY RESEARCH Alan Nash Gillian Cosgrove, Martin Heskins, John Hughes, Frances Morphy, Sumathi Renganathan, NGAPARTJI NGAPARTJI Denise Steele Belinda Abbott, Joanne Andrews, Trevor Jamieson, Alex Kelly, Jane Leonard, BATCHELOR INSTITUTE FOR INDIGENOUS Julie Miller, Dani Powell, Sadie Richards, TERTIARY EDUCATION Beth Sometimes, Maureen Watson, Elton Wirri Margaret Carew Photos: © Ngapartji Ngapartji/Keith Saunders CENTRAL LAND COUNCIL NORTHERN TERRITORY LIBRARY Jane Hodson Jason Gibson, Jo McGill, Cate Richmond DJILPIN ARTS PAW MEDIA AND COMMUNICATIONS Susan Ashley, Rebecca Cooper, Chantelle Doctor, Augustina Kennedy, Ani Lewis, Tom E. Lewis, STANFORD UNIVERSITY, USA Sasha Lindsay, Anna McLeod, Fleur Parry, Shirley Brice Heath Amos Urban, Ricardo Weston Photos: © Djilpin Arts vii Learning Spaces BOOK FILE.indb 7 21/08/12 10:16 AM THE FRED HOLLOWS FOUNDATION Further acknowledgements