ENGLISH - 103
AGUIDETOA GUIDETO PRAYERPRAYER ININ ISLAMISLAM
M. Abdul Karim Saqib
The Co-operative Office for CallCsll & foreignersto.eigne.sGuidance at SultanahSullrnah Under thelhe supervisIOnsuoeftsron 00llvinistrvI Ministry 010lIslam samicc AHai Allars$ and EndowmentEndowmenland and Cal I and Gu idance TelTe4240077 4240C//FaxF 42510054251005P0POBox80x926i5Riyadh11663EnE92675 Riyadh 11663 E-mail Sultanah22@holmailSullanah22@halma com *i f!fi li #1rt\:i#
IN'IHEIN THE NAMENAI}IE OF ALLAHALIJ\H 11IETIIE MERCIFULMERCIFI,'L 'IHETHE COMPASSIONATE COMPASSIONAIE $iJl~lo~4~.., ;Ii4 LL.c A GUIJD)EGII]I]Dtr TO ililPilIRA\YililEffiR INms ISJLAM nsn,aMt
M.fi|. ~lJdultbdul KfJrimKarin SoqilJfagib A GUIDE TO PRAYER
INril ISLAMrsLAM
* ResearchedRenearchedand Edited by:
Mohammed Abdul Karim Saqib.
* Translated by:
IjazljazBegum Saqib. FOREWORD
There are many books dealing with the SubjectSubiectof Salat in both Arabic and Urdu. Many of these books are welllvell written and provide an informative and comprehensive view of how Salat should be performed according to the teachteach- ings of Prophet Muhammad (SAW). Unfortunately~.Unfonunately( there are very few books in English which deal with the subject in the same informative and comprehensive way.way.The The books, which do exist, have three main disadvantages.
Firstly, literature concerning Salat available in English is either so brief that it does not cover essential points in nearly enough detail, or it is so bulky and detailed that it becomes difficult to use it for quick reference, and es~es- sential points may get lost in the unnecessaryunnece$sarydetail.
Secondly, the text of the Salat lacks the quality of direct research from the sunnahzunnah of the Prophet Muhammad (SAW). There are also books which contain material withwith- out any reference to the original sources.
Thirdly, the majority of books have been written accordaccord- ing to the views held by certain schools of thought and for this reason some people hesitate to follow them.
Because of these weaknesses in existing literature in English we felt that the need existed to prpduceprgduce a medium sized book on Salat which would approach the subject according toio the teachings of the Prophet Muhammad (SAW). The Prophet, himself, said,
"Pray as you have seen me praying."
Such a book needs needs.toto contain all the essential details of Salat without being 'too too bulky or complicated so that the reader can use it as a point 01oJ reference on a journey or at home.
Itft was also fE~ltfelt that a comprehensive book on Salat in English would be useful for converts to Islam lslam and for Muslim youth brought up in this country. Keeping in
5 mind the needsof our brothers and sistersevery effort has been made to produce this book in simple and easy language.
During our researchwe sometimes found that differences occurred between established practices in various prayer books. In these circumstances we referred to authentic hadiths of the Prophet Muhammad (SAW), so that the points could be clarified as much as possible. This was, because, for a true Muslim there is no greater proof for settling arguments than authentic hadiths and practicespractices of Prophet Muhammad (SAW).
We hope that Allah will accept this humble attempt bebe- cause without his support and help we would never have been ableabfe to do this work.
Finally we ask all our Muslim brothers and sisters to study the text and to strive to pray according to it. Iflf anyone finds anything unacceptable or to be against the sunnah of the Prophet (SAW) we would be grateful if they wo!!ldworrld inform us.
Muhammad Abdul Karim Saqib
6 c0ilrEilrsCONTENTS
PagesPages ForewordForeword ...... •...... 55 NotesNotes ...... t010 Chapter One ...... t212 Before doing WuduWuqu (Ablution)(Ablution) ...... t212 Tooth Stick (Siwak) ...... I122 Niyat for WufluWuc;lu (Ablution) ...... J212 Actions of wudu (Ablution) ...... r212 Specialfacilities in Ab.ution...... ,.....I13 3 Du'i[Du'a at the end of Ablution ...... I13 3 Tayammum ...... l414 Chapter Two ...... 16r6 Time of $alat~alat (Prayer) ...... 16I 6 Forbidden Times for PraYerPlayer ...... ,.....t717 Placefor $alat~alat (Prayer)(PraYer) ...... 18l8 Dress for ~alat$alat (Prayer) ...... 18l8 Types of $alat (Prayer) ...... 19I9 FarQFar{ or ObligatoryObligatoryPraPrPra}er ...... 19I 9 Nafl Prayer ...... •...... ,.19l9 Sunnat Mu'akkadah (canpulsory)(conPulsory) ...... ,.....2020 Nafl (extra) PrayerPraYer ...... 20 Number of Rakats ...... 22 Chapter Three ...... 22 StoryStory of AzanAian ...... 23 The MuazzinMuai2in ...... 23 TextText ofof thethe AianAian ...... 2424 AzanAian forfor FajrFajr ...... 2424 ListeningListeningto to thethe AZanAian ...... 2525 DariidafterDanidafter thethe AzanA2an ...... 2525 Du"aDu'ii afterafter thethe AzanAian ...... 2626 lqamatlqamat ...... 2626 TexTextt ofof IqamatIqamat
7 ChapterChapterFourFour .....2828 'Sutra'Sutra .....2828 QiblahQiblah .....2828 IntentionIntention(Niyat)(NiYat) .....2828 TalcbirTakbirTahrimah Tahrimah .....2929 Folding ofof hands .....2929 .RecitationRecitationbefore Fatihah .....2929 Ta'awwuz .....3030 'fasmiahfasmiah .....3030 Surah Fatihah .....331I Recitation of Surah Fatihah Behind Bdrindan Imam ..-.-.3232 Ameen .....3232 Recitation after Surah Fatihah ._ ...... -....-.3333 Ruku (J,owing)(&owing) 34 Du'as inin Ruku :":::::::::::::::::::::::::::i135 Qawman (standing after Rukii)Rukfr) ...... 3636 Du'asDu'is inin Qawmah .....3737 First Sajdah .....38.38 Du'asDu'[s in Sajdah .....3838 Jalsah (sitting between two Sajdcbs)Sajddrs) .....39.39 Second SajdahSajdalt .....4040 Jalsah-e-IstarahatJalsah+-Istarahat(sitting for rest) ...... 4040 Second Rakat .....4040 Tashahud .....4040 Standing up for third Rakat ...... 41.41 $alat~alat Alan-Nabi (Dariid)(Darfid) -...... 42.42 Du'asDu'5safter $alat~a1at Alan-nabi (Dari"xl)(Darfrd) ...... 42.42 EndingFnding the Prayer 45 Du'asDu'6s after Salutation .45 Chapter Five 48 Witr Prayer .48 Number of Rakat ofofWitr Witr PraYerPrayer 48 Time of Witr Prayer 49 How to PrayWitr :::::::::::::::::::::::.:::::.1349 Du'i QunfitQuniit in witr Prayer ...... 5050 Text of Du'EDu'i Qunilt 50 Jumah(Friday Prayer) ·· ...... 5511 Importanceof FridayPrayer ..---...... 5151 lmportanceImportance of Cleanlinessfor lridayIriday Prayer .....5151 Goingearly to FridayPrayer ...-...... 5252 Prayerbefore JumaltJumah 52
I8 Listening toto Khutbah(Sennon (Sermon 53 Prayer after Jumah ::::::::::::::::::::::::ii54 Eid Prayer .5454 JanazahJunazuhl)rayerllrayer 56 ConductConduct,I If'f Janazah Prayer 57s7 FirstFint Takbirl-akbir 57 Du'asDu'Esof starting 57 Surah Fatihah 58 Recitation of a Surah 58 Second Takbir 58 Third Takbir 59 Du'asDu'frsof Janazah 59 Ending the Janazah Prayer 616r Fourth Takbir 616l Prayer During a Journey 616l When to shorten and combine Prayers ...... 6262 D-urationDuration of journey 63 NatlNafl Prayer on a journey .6363
••••••••••••oo oa oo oo oo tt
9 thtesNotes about the Transliteration
The following system has been adopted tot0 represent correspondingr:orresponding sounds of the Arabic Alphabet.
ArAr.rbicJbic letter English Example Example Equivalent ItArabic)Arabic) ((English)English)
I a Allah ~ppleApple ~Y b bismillah bat ~dr t Tirmizi !oyloy '-oJ,i• thrh uthman t.Drougthroughh Cc J Jabir jugiug C;c h Ra~eemRaheem bate[ate Cc kh Khalifah no English equivalent ..)J d Dn.miDn,mi thelbe oJj i Aian re~emblereEemble J) rI Asrfur riverliver J) z2 zahid !erogero IJ"tA s salamsal5m ~eenseen ... fJ'",.* sh shuaib mopshop oj'.c ~I ~alatsalat ~ardinesardine ~ d{ wu~uwudu no equivalent f ,I fahir no equivalent j; -b ,?1 ~uhrguhr ra~orrazor e , JamIt'atJam6'at no equivalent e gh Maghrib no equivalent ~15 f Fajr-Fajr fanlan qg Iqamatlqamat queen ~(l, k kitab feenf,een J I Jibreel lean rI m Muhammad !!loonl[oon Uo n Nisai noon jt w wUQuwu{u walletfiallet ~j h janazah ttour[our I , • \ no equivalent (t in the middle of the letter)letterI c.SL5 yv 'yearyear
10to TheThe followingfollowing system system has has beenbeen adopted adopted to to representrepresent somesome of of thethe complexcomplexsoundssounds ofof thetheArabic Arabiclanguage.language. AA macronmacron (-) (-) placedplaced 0n on aa transcribedtranscribed ArabicArabic vowel vowel indicatesindicates lengtheninglengtheningofof thethesound sound ofof thatthatletter. letter.
ArabicArabic EnglishEnglish ExampleExample ExampleExample EquivalentsEquivalents (Arabic)(Arabic) (Enslish( English))
.- ea AilAhAllih AppleApple
r5l\.sL eeee RaheemRaheem seenseen )J Ii istanjaistanja sitsit ISo ioreei or ee seenseen '16.Jb hThi hehe I'I u bootboot -uu ll)1 u 0awfidDawud truetrue jijf aw sew ii)1 aww awwal shovel $i(51 ay baYbay Cft5i aYyayy age 13t~~ ivviyy
Note: Sometimes$ometimes an Arabic letter changes sound according tot0 its position inin the word; for example;whether itit isis at the beginning,heginning, inin theihemiddle or0r at thetheend. InIn such suchcircumstances thetheArabic letter has beenheenrepresentedrepresented by more thanthan oneone English equivalent.equivalent.
AbbreviationsAbbrwirtionr
TheThefollowingfollowing abbreviationsabbrwiations havehave beenbeen usedused inin this thisbook.book.
- So$,A.Uv,A0 W0 SAl-$tt lAlul. LANULllltjAlAYHI ALAYlllWAlIA SAL-$Al,-LAMLAt II PEACtPtACrANDAt0 BLESSING8l.tS$lll0OF0F AllAHALtAf{ BE 8t UPONuP0tHIM l{ltI I
RR.0 AA. 0 RADIRA0tALLAHUAil.llf |J ANHUAilll||I/ANHA lillA IIMAY tAy ALLAHAruil BE8t PLEASEDPLtA$t0WITh|1llh HIMIlllt/ HER l{tR
1111 ChapterChcrpter II
BEFOREBEFOHEDOING WUQUWIJOU
Iflf someonesomeoneneeds to go toto thethetoilet,toilet, he shouldshould use the toilettoilet andand dodo istanjaistanjabefore doing wudu.
ABLUTIONABLUTION
SIWAK (TOOTH--STlCK)(TO OTH -STICK)
It isisa good practice to clean the teeth with a tooth-stick, or a tooth tooth- brush before performing wudu. In thisthisway you can avoid many diseases which are caused by unclean teeth. Asfu mentioned in the hadith Aisha (R.A.) reported Allah's messenmessen- 'The ger as saying:- ''The use of a tooth-stick is a means of purifying the mouth and is pleasing to the Lord as well"well " ) (Ahmad. Oarmi,0armi, and Nisai ..l Prophet Muhammad (S.A.WJ(S.A.W.) also said:- "If"lf I wouldn't have felt that it is difficultdiffic,ultfor my people I wouldwoufd have ordered them to use a tooth-stick with every prayer, that is, before doing each wuQu.wudu. So"So, muslims should always try to fulfil this wish of our Prophet (S.A.W.).
MAKINGMAKTNGINTENTIONINTENT|0N FORF0R WUI}UWUgU (NIYAT)(N|YAT)
Before starting the actions 0o wu~u wu{u it is necessarynecesarytot0 make niyat. MakeNiyat that the act of performingwuf,uwu~u is for the purposeof purityonfy.only. Niyat should be madein theheart because it is an action of theheart and not of thetongue. Niyatby wordsis not approvedby ProphetMuhammad (S.A.W.l.(S.A.W.). Thenstart the wu{uwu~u by saying:-BismillbhBismillah hir-ra[rmahir-ra~ma nir-raheem (ln(In thename of Allah,most graciou$,gracious, most merciful)"merciful) II
ACTIO]tISACTIONS FOR PERPERFORMING FO RMIIIIG A8ABLUTION. LUTIOI{.
l.1. Washthe handsup to the wristmaking sure that n0 no partof the handsis left dry.
2. Rinsethe mouth taking up waterw;thwith the right hand.
3. Cleanthe nose:sniff water up fromthe the rightright palm and then eject waterwith thethe left left hand.
12 a. the face, 4. {ashWash the face, from earto -eat,ear, and forehead to chinmaking sure that no partof theface is left dry. 5.Then rvashwash the forearms(right forearmfirst) up to the elbou,selbows makingsure that no partof themis left dry.
6.6.Rub Rubthe head as follows:- Wetyour fingers and then wipe the head with your fingerqnstartingfingers,starting from the forehead,taking them to the napeof the neck,then bringthem back to theforehead.
7. Cleanthe eanears by insertingthe tips of theindex fingers wetted with unterwater into the ears,twist them around the foidsof the earsthen passthe thumb behind the ears from the bottom, upwards.
8. *Wash the feet (right foot first)fint) up to the ankles making sure that no parbparts of the feet are left dry, especially betrueenbetween the toes.
*SPECIAL FACILITIES INIil ABLUTIOT{ABLUTION RubbingEubbingthe socks with wet hands instead of washing the feet;feet; allowed, provided that the socks have been put on0n after perfonr'perfonr',lg ,rg an ablution, including washing the feet. This is allowedaflowedfor 24 hours from the time of ablution, and forfor3 3 days if the person isisonaon ajourney. After this time the feet must be washed. Similarly if there is a wound in any partspars of the body which has to be washed in ablution, and if washing that particular part is likely tot0 cause harm, it is permissiblepermisible to wipe the dressing of the wound with a wet hand.
HADITHHAOITH
Mughira bin shu'bah said, "Prophet (S.A.W.) performed ablution and wiped over his socks and his sandals." (Ahmad, Tirmizi, Abu Dawud, Dawild,and Ibnlbn Majah). Maiah). Each detail of ablution has been performed by Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W,)(S.A.W.)once, twice or 0r three times (except rubbing of head and cleaning of ears, i.e. actions 6 and 7 should only bebb done once). Since all the above methods meet Prophet (S.A.W,}'s(S.A.W.)t approval we can perform ablution by doing the actions once, twice or0r three times. provided that no Dartparthas been left dry.drY. Amr bin Shuaib, quoting his father on theauthority of his grandgrand' fathernarrated that Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W.){S.A.W.) said, "If"lf anyone performs actions of ablution more than 3 times,hetimesrhehas done wrong, transgressed,tramgresed,and done wickedly. (Nisai, Ibnlbn Majah) DU'AOU'AAT THE ENDEilD OF ABLUTIONABLUTIOT{
"Ashhadu an Iiil5 iI itahaaha iIIallahuillalldhu wahrmh dahu Ifshareekalf shareekalahulahfi 1313 wa ash hadu an-naatrna 'abduhE Muhammadanilluhammadan'abduhu wa rasuluhu:rruluhu:(Muslim).(Mrnliml. fi;*l t f $jli,Et l,fr gl ilfS *r;i;*i "e,j'i rfi'i-*$s;#l 'alnse "Allah hum majmai 'alnn minat taw-wlbeen"Mjtrpwlbmn sni 'alneehlneominal mutamub18h-hireen."ph-hiren." (TirmizH.(Tirmiril.
"1"l testifytctify that there is no rjeitydeityexcept Allah alone. And I testify that Muhammad (S.A.W.)(S.AW.I is His servant and messenger." (Muslim) "0 Allah make me among those who are penitent and make me among thosethoss who are purified." (Tirmizi)(Tirmizil TAYAMMUMTAYATIi,IUIt| In circumstancescircumstancswhen waterrvater cannot be found, or justenough is availablearailablefor drinking, or it is injurousiniufoustot0 health: in such situations Tayammum (dry ablution) can be performed. The procedure below is given according to Ouran and Hadith. ""...... And...... And if you don't find any water, then take clean eartheafth (or sand) and rub it on your face, and hands. Allah does not wish to put you in a difficulty, but he wants to make you clean, and to completecomplete-His-His favourfrvour unto you, so you should be grateful to Him." (Surah V. verse 6). (The permissionpermision to use sand for this purpose is allowedallorvedin the Quran).Ouran). PROCEDUREPROCEO U8E 1.l. Make niyat in the heart.hmrt. 2. Begin with the name of Allah. 3. Strike both palms of hand on clean sand, dust or anything concon- taining these, e.g. wall or stone etc. thenfren blow into the palms. passpan the palmspafmsof both hands over the face once and then rubruh your rightrit'rt hand with the left palm and leftlett hand with the right palm).palml. (Bukhari and Muslim).Mrslim). 14 4. Finishwith the same Du'dDu'a as given at the end of ahlution.ablution. f{ote:Note: 0therOther proceduresincludeinclude thethe forearmsand.and shoulders as well m as armpits.These have been transmitted by reputablescholanscholars but thethe mostpreferable and authentic isis that that given above. ooooooo o o o o o 1515 ChapterChspter 22 TIME·TIME - PLACEPTACE -- DRESSDRESS andand -- TYPESTYPES OFOF SALATSALAT 1.I. TIMETIMEOFOF SALATSALAT EachEach,qalat.~alat mustTult bebeoffered offeredatat ororduring during_iuits properproper timetime.. .. NoNo flist plat Clncrn be offered be offered before itsits time.time.ThereThere areare fivefive.obligatory obligatory falatdat iniiiiaai.a day. FAJRFAJRPRAYERPRAYEB The time time forfor thethe Fajror the morning prayer starts at dawn and ends at sun-rise. sunrise. Zuhr PrayerPnyer The time for Zuhr or the early afternoonaftemoon prayer startsrtarts when the sun begins to decline fromf rom its zenith and endsendr whenwtren the sizerize of an object'sobiecttshadow isis equal to the ~izesize of the object.obiect. 'The Jabir bin AbdullahAbdulfah(R.A.)(R.A.l narrated, "The angel Jibreel camecams 'Stand to Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W.) and said to him, 'Stand up and pray Zuhr'. So the messenger of Allah (S.A.W \I prayed Zuhr when the sun had decldeclinedined from its zenith.zenlth.Then thetne AngelAnget 'Stand Jibreel came again at the time of Asr and said, 'Stand up and Pray Asr~Asri Then Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W.) prayed AsrAsr'when when the shadow of everything was equal to itself. Then Jibreel came the next day to ProphetMuhammad (S.A.W.) and said, 'StandStand !pup and prayZuhr'.Zuhr', Then Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W.) prayed Zuhrwhen the shadowof everythingwas equal to itself.Then 'Stand Jibreelcame again at Asr time andsaid, 'Stand up andpray Asr'. Thenhe prayedfurAsr whenthe shadow$hadow of everythingrvaswas trvicetwice itslength _ TherrThen Jibreel said, (after praying 10 prayers with ProphetMuham-Muham mad(S.A.W.) inin nruotwo consecutive days) that the timetime of prayer isis in in betweenth$ethese twotwo timesl"times:" Ahmad, Nasai,Tirmizi and Bukhariremarked that thisthis isis thethe most authentic hadith giving thethe timestimes of prayer. We find thatthat many bookson $alat~alat statestat~ the endingtime of Zuhr prayerand thethe startingtime of fuiAsr prayerwhEnwhen thethe shadow of something isis twicetwice itself.itself. But this contradictsthethe abovehadith as 0non thethe firstfirst day JibreelJibreel asked Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W.)(S.A.W.) t0to praypray fur Asr whenthe the shadow of everythingwas equafeQuat toto itself.itself. ThisThis meansmeans thatthat was was thethe endend time time ofof ZuhrZuhr prayer. prayer. AndAnd wewe alreadyalready knowknow thatthat allall thethe ulamasulamas ofof thethe MuslimMuslim UmmahUmmah 16 agreeagree unanimouslyunanimously thatthat n0no prayerprayer cancan be be offeredoffered beforebefore itsits time. time. ArrAsr PrryerPrayer TheThe trme time forfor AsrAsr or or latelate afternoonafternoon prayerprayer startsstarts whenwhen thethe shadowshadow ofof something something isis equal equal toto itselfitself andand endsends justjust befbefore ore sunset.sunset. ItIt isis betterbetter toto offeroffer furAsr prayerprayer befbefore ore thethe sunsun beeomesbecomes yellowyellow becausebecause eveneven thoughthough itit isis allowedallowed toto offeroffer thethe orayerprayer atat thisthis timetime the the Prophet(S.A.Y{.}(S.A.W.l disliked Muslims toto 0elayOelay furAsr prayerprayer up toto thisthis time.time. He remarked thatthat thethe Munafiq(Hypocritel(Hypocrite) offeredhis prayer at this time.time. MaghribPraycrPrayer The time forfor thethe Maghrib 0ror th0th~ sunset prayer starts justjust after sunsetsunsp.t and ends when twilighttwilight has disappeared. !shaPrayer Thetime time for lshaIsha or nightprayer starts from thethe disappearaituedisappearance of twilightand ends justjust before midnight. It iiis preferableioto offer this prayerbefore midnight but it canbe offered right uo tnto thethp. break of dawn'dawn. l,lote:Note: - In countrieswhere due to cloudyweather the sun is not alwaysalurnysvisible it is advisableto follow printedcalendars giving the accurate time of each PraYer.prayer. FORBIDDENTIMES OF PHAYERPRAYER Uqbahuqbahbin Amir said, H," There were three times at which Allah's messenger (S.A.(S.A.W.) W.) used to forbid us to pray or0r bury our dead. (i) When the sun began to rise untiruntit it was fully up. (jj)(ii) When the sun was at its height at midday til! it p~sedpassed the meridian, (iii) When the sun drew near to setting till it had set:'setl' (MUSLIM) FORBIDDENFOBBIDDEilTIMES FOR NAFlNAFL PRAYER (i){i} Abu Sa'eed al Khudree (R.A.)(R.A.) reported Allah's messengermes$enger (S.A.W.)(S.A.W.)as saying, "No prayer isis toto be said after thethe FajrFair prayer until thethe sunsunrises, rises,or afterthethe Asrfur prayer until thethe sun sets:'setsl' (Bukhari-&(Bukhari'&Muslim) OnlyOnlynaf1 nafl prayer isis forbiddenforbiddenatat thesethesetimestimes but aa missedmissed fardfardprayer cansan dede offered.offered.MostMost ofof thetheulamas ulamasofof thetheMuslimMuslim Um'mahUmmahallowedallowed thethe offeringofferingofof missedmissedfardfard prayerprayerafterafter FairFajrandand Asrfur becausebecauseofofthe thefollowingfollowing hadithhadith ProphetProphetMuhammadMuhammad (S.A.W.)(S.A.W.) said,said, 'Who'1/Vhohashas forgottenforgotten thethe prayerprayerhehe shouldshouldpraypray it it wheneverwheneverhehe remembersremembersit:'iti' (Bukhari(Bukhari&&Muslim) Muslim) (ij)(ii) AA naflnafl prayerprayercannotcannot bebe offeredofferedonceonce thethe Iqamatlqamatforfor fardfard prayerprayerhashas been beensaid.said. Abu Abu HurairahHurairahnal'ratedflarrated thatthat the the mes:mes- 1717 't{hen senger of Allah (S.A.W.)(S.A.W.l said, "When the Iqamatlqanlathas been said"said, then,thenrtherethere is no prayer valid (Nafl or sunnat) except the Fard prayer for which the Iqamat lqamatwas said." (Ahmad & Muslim) It is seen in practice that many people continue with the sunnat prayer evenwen though the iqamat has been said for the far~far{ prayer especiallyepecially in the Fajr prayer. They feel that the 2 Rakat sunnat of Fajr can only be offered before the Far~.Far{. This practice is against congregation Philosophy, discipline of Jama'at,Jamd'at,and a clear violation of Hadith. They should offer 2 rakat sunsunnat nat of FajrFairimmediately after the Fard or after sunrise. 2. PLACE FOR SALAT A place or a building which is used for the purpose of worshipwoship and prayer is called a masjidmciid (Mosque). A hadith tells us that "all the earth has been rendered for the Muslims, a mosque (Pure and clea!l).clmn)."" This meansmearsthat wherever a muslim might be he can offer his prayer but the revvardreuardof a prayer offered in a mosque is far greatergrmEr than that offered in an ordinary place. The following points should be noted when choosing a place for prayer. (a) The place should be cleanclan and pure. ~Iat$alat in a dirty, filthy and impure place such asif a rubbish tip, slaughter house, bathing place and a camel pen is forbidden. (b)(bl The place should be free from danger. The dangerdanpr could be due to someone or something that may disturb the worshipper. (c) A prayer place where the worshipper might hinder movement of others should be avoided, e.g. busy pavements, public roadroad- ways etc. (d) Itlt is forbidden to pray on the roof of SaitullahBaitullah(Ka'bah).(Ka'bahl. (e) Itlt is forbidden to pray on top of or facing towards a grave. 3. DRESS FOR SALATSATAT MEN (j)(i) The dress dres for the men should be such that it covers from the navel to the kneesatkneemtleast.lect. 18 (iil(in ThEshouldersThe shoulders should not be left uncovered. (iiil(iii) $alatcan tan be prayedinin one garmentifif itit coversthethe body fromthe the navelto thethe kneesas well as thethe shoulders. "None of you must pray inin a sin$esingle garmentof whirhwhilh no partcomes over the shoulderj'shoulder:' (BUKHARI& MUSLIM}MUSLIM) lf,If, however,the grmentgarment is not long enoughto uovercover the shouldersthen partsof the body betweenthe naveland theknees should at leastbe covered. WOMWOMENEN The dressof the womanshould be suchthat it coversher whole body from headto foot leavingonly the faceand the handsun'un· covered.A prayeroffered in transparentclothing is not valid.Also tight fitting clothingcfothingwhich shows the shape of the bodyshould beavoided. 4. TYPES OF ~ALATSALAT a) Far~Fardor obligatoryobligrtory$alat.Salat. Far~Fardprayer is an obligatory prayer. Every[very believer is ordered by Allah to offer five obligatory prayers in a day. Failure to observe anyoneany oneof the five obligatory prayers is a serious and punishable sin. b) NafJltlaflPrayer. This isis a voluntary prayer which the Prophet (S.A.W.) observed before or after Far~ Fardat special and isolatedisolatedoccasions. Itlt also includesincludesthose which he encouraged Muslims to pray.prav. The Nafl Prayer can be divided into three categones.categortes. (i)(i) Sunnat Mu'akkadah (compulsory)(compuhory) That is those whichwhic,h areare emphasizedemphasized by the Holy Prophet (S.A.W.)(S.A.W.) andand offeredofferedregularlyregularly by him beforeoror afterafterthethe Far~FardpraYI~r.prayrlr. (ii)(iil GhairGheirMu'akkadah (optional)(optional) ThatThatisis those thoseofferedoffered onlyonly occasionally occasionallybyby ProphetProphetMuhammadMuhammad (S.A.W.).(s.A.w.l. 19r9 (iii)(iiil Nellthfl PreyerPrryrr(Extrl)(Extnl ThisThbis is an extra prayer. There isis a rewardrewardforfor praying itit and no sin forfor leaving leavingit.it. Itlt can be offered at any isolated instanteinstance atcordaccord- ingingtoto thethetimetime and capacity of the believer. Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W.)(S.AW,)encouraged the believers tot0 pray natlnall to help make up for any minor omissionsombsions or other defectsdefec$ inin theobligatory prayer.praysr. 5. NUMBERTUTIBEROF RAKATS FORTHEFOR THE FIVE OBLIGATORYOETIGATORY PRAYERS (0(il FejrFrirPrlyer. Prryrr. 2 rakatsrakarsunnat Mu'akkadah, 2 Rakats Far~.Fard. (ii) Zuhr Prlver.Prryrr, 2 or 4 rakats sunnat Mu'akkadah, 4 rakatsrakab far~,far{, 2 rakats sunnat Mu'akkadah and an unspecified number of nafl asro time and capcap- acity allows.alloun. Ibnlbn Umar (R.AJ(R.A.) said "I"l prayed alone with Allah's messengermesengel (S.A.WJ(S.A.W.)2 rakats before and 2 rakats after the Zuhr prayer." (BUKHARI & MUSLIM) It is a familiar practice to offer 4 rakats sunnat before Zuhr prayer, but this hadith proves that 2 rakat sunnat before the Zuhr prayer is also allowed. (iii)(iiil AsrArr PravePrryrr.r. 2 or 0r 4 rakatsrakat sunnat ghair$rair Mu'akkadah, 4 rakats Fard. Ali (R.A,)(R.A.)said, "Allah's messenger,(S.A.W,)messenfr (S.A.W.} used tot0 pray4 rakatsrakafu beforePerAe r prayerseparatingssparatang them with a salllsalu tationtation...... " ...... " (TfRMIZI)(TlBftllZll Another hadith narrated by Ali (R.AJ(R.A.)says, "Allah's messengermesenger (S.A.WJ(S.A.W.}used to praytwotw'o rakatsrakas before Asr prayer." _ (ABUDAWUO}DAWUO) (ivl(iv) MrghribMeghrib Prryar.Preyer. 2 rakatsnafl, 3 rakanrakats fard, 2 rakatssunnat Mu'akkadah and an unspacifiedunspecified number ofof' nafl 6as time and capacityallows. Abdullahbin Mughaffalreported the Prophet(S.A.W.) as saying, 20 "Pray before the Maghrib prayer;'prayerj' adding when saying it the third time, "This applies to those who wish to dod0so."s0." (BUKHARI(EUKHARt&& MUSLIM)MUSL|MI That was because he did not wish people tot0 treat it as a comcom- pulsory sunnat. 2 rakats nafl after sunset and before the maghrib prayer are allowed for tliose wholvho wish to dodo:0.::0. For this the above hadith is a sure proof. However, some people forbid this and others find it very suange srrangeif they see a person offer 2 rakats natlnaflbefore Maghrib. (v) IshalshaPrayer.Pmyer. An unspecified number of0f nafl rakats according to the time and capacitycapacity, I 4 rakats fard, 2 rakats sunnat Mu'akkadah, unun- specified number of nafl 'as as time and capacity allowsalloran and 3 witr. Some people insist very emphatically upon the offering of 4 rakats optional sunnat before the isha prayer but during our entire research we could not find a single proof, any practice or order from Prophet Muhammad (S.A.WJ(S.A.W.) or his companions to justifythis claim. Certainly it is allowed tQta pray nafl while waiting for Jama'at.Jamd'at. Some people offer 2 rakats ~nafl.nafl after the witr prayer. HowHow- ever,evet,there is an authentic hadith which states that the witr prayer should be offered offered after all the nafl which a person wisheswishcs to pray have been offered. Ibnlbn Umar (R.A.)(H.A.) reported that the MessengerMesenger of Allah (S.A.W.)(S.A.W) said, "Make witr as the lastlat prayer of your night prayer:'prayerl' (MISHKAT)(MtsHKATI o o o o o 21 ChapterChspter J t AZAN ..... IQAMAIQAMATT As you know, in allalf Muslim countries Aian is called aloud five times a day and you must have heard it. Have you ever wondered how it started?stafted? STORYsroRYOF0F AZANn2nr*r A long time ago when the Muslims migrated from Makkah to Madinah they used to agree about a fixed time for the congregational prayer. They found it difficult tot0 remember the time fixed for the prayer sometimes,sometimesrespeciallyespecially when they were busy doing their work. One day Prophet Muhammad (S.A.WJ(S.A.W.) and the Muslims discusseddiscused the matter of calling the people for the congregational prayer at the exact time. Some of the believers suggested the use of something like the bell of the Christians, othersothes suggested the useussof a horn like that of the Jews, but Umar (R.A.) suggested sending someonesomsone tot0 announce the prayer. Then Allah's Messenger (S.A.W.)(S.AW.) appointfdappointed BitalBilal tot0 call the people tot0 prayer. But it seems through the study of ahadith that the method was not satisfactory. Then Prophet Muhammad (S.A.WJ(S.A.W.}agreed to use a NaQooseNaqoose(a oooch),eonch),something like the bell of Christians but he waswc not happy to use it because of its similarity with the Christians. After Prophet Muhammad (S.A.WJ(S.A.W.) had ordered a bell to be made so that it could be struck to gather the people to prayer; on that same day a companion, Abdullah bin Zaid bin Abd Rabbihi"said,Rabbihirsaid,"1"l sleeDing when I saw a man carrying a naqoosenagoosein his hands, and wasvrrassleeping 'Servant saw carrying I said, 'Servant of Allah, will you sellselfthis to me?' When he asked cked what I wouldwoufddo with it?tit?l replied,replied,thatthat we would use it to call the peoplepeopfetot0 prayer. He said, 'ShallShalfI not guide you to somethingsomsthingbetter than that?' I replied/Certainly',repliedr'Certainly',so he toldtnld me tot0 sav.sav, 'Allehu 'AI/ahu Akbar, A/llJhuAllEhu Akbar, Allahu Akbar, AI/shuAltdhu Akbar,.AkMr, Ash,Ash hadu an Ii lE ilahaildha illal lah,lEh, ashxh haduhdu an lali ilaha il6ha iI/allah,illal lEh, AshAsh hadu an-naan-ru,Mul)ammadar Mufiammadar resulu/·/iJh,resitut4en, AshAshhadu an-na Mul)ammadilrMuQammadAr rasulul-llJh,rafilullEh, I)ayya 'a/Sf'al4 $a/ah,galEh, payya 'alq 'alal bayya 'alal-falEh bayya 'alSf ~aISh,galdh payyafuayya 'alaI falal),fa6h, Qayyafuayya 'alaI-fa Ilh' AllahuAllEhu Akbar,Aktur, AI/ahu AllEhu Akbar,Aktur, La G ilaha ilffia iI/allah.illal lilh.'l' · 22 AfterAfter thethe AianAian thethe strangerstranger keptkept quietquiet for for aa whilewhile and and then then said,said, {lhenWhen thethe congregation congregation isis ready rea~y youyou should should say:-say:- AllihuAllahu Akbar,Akbar, Allfihu Akbar, Ash haduhadu anan li Iii lilahalilaha illaliIIallah, lah, fuhAsh haduhadu an'naan·na [luham-Muham All6huAkbar. Ash 'alaq 'alal madarmadar ras0lul-lifr,rasOlul-lah, hayya~ayya 'ala, galih,salah, bayya bayya 'alai fal-ah,fala~, qadqad qEmaqama tistis satah,~Iah, qadqad q6ma qama tiitis iaieh,salah, A[l6huAII3hu Akbar,Akbar, All6huAllahu Akbar,Akbar, lila ilihillalilatll illal Hh.lah. When I told Allah'sMesengerMessenger (S'A.W.)(S.A.W.) inin thethe morningwhat 'lt II hadseenrheseen1he said, 'It isis a truetrue vision, insha'Allah,insha·Allah, so get up along with Bilal,and when you havetaught him what you haveseen letlet himuse itit inin makingthethe callto to prayer,forfor he hasstronger voice thanthan you have'. SoI got up alongwith Bilaland begnn began toto teachteach it toto him, and heused it inin makingthethe call toto grayer..praver. Umar bin al-Khattabheard thisthis' when he wuwas in hishouse, and Umar 'Mesenger he cameout trailinghis cloak and said, 'Messenger of Allah(S.A.W.), by Him who hassent you with the truth,I haveseen the same kind oiof thingthin~ as hasbeen revealed''revealed", To this Allah'sMesengerMessenger (S.A.W.)(S.A,WJ 'Praise replied,' 'Praise beto Allah!"'Allah!'" (Darmi,(Oarmi, Ntmad,Ahmad, lbnIbn Maiah,Majah, lbn,Ibn, Khuzahah,KhuzaicDah, Tirmizi) So from that day0non t0to the presentday Aian issaid to gather peoplefor thecongregational prayer. THE MUAizlNmun2iru A person who calls people for the congregational prayerFrayer is called a MuaziinMua2iin Before saying the Aian he should stand facing Ka'bah in Makkah. He should raise his hands to his earsean putting the tips of forefingers into his ears and call in a loud voice. When he says ~ayyaHavva'al~'alC ~alahSaldhhe should turn his faceto the right and when he says$yi'flayya"aial~ayya 'alai Fala~FalElr he should turn his face to the left. TEXT OF THE AlANA'NT.I f.-5{ Ji i -.;3 $et -";3 fti'i'*-::;l,'}A ,,"iifglfif {\tfr::t ',ri,\!r'^ll9e1;41 r t^t\JFui'#&)'rjsAil, jr,I J#fsJa, St"offi ';*V b;~\~~'rF"i J"i~\J::s..:r " rji*rt l -e9^1-rr ~-r~\~::#og{.dt&G lrva$5t'e%~~l~~ l7,'r{Si,Aii\J~~T~;\ j,'i5fu"t~ (i,\ 'o'"i'r9yUfX 2323 AllihuAllihu AkbarAkbar AllahAllahisis thethe greatestgreatest AlliJhuAllEhu AkbarAkbar AllahAllahisis thethe greatestgreatest AllahuAllahu AkbarAkbar AllahAllahisis thethe greatestgreatest AlliJhuAllihu Akbar Akbar AllahAllahisis the thegreatestgreatesr AshAsh haduhadu anan lalE i!§hail6ha iI/allahillal l1h II bearbearwitnesswitnes thatthat thp.rethere isis nono deity deitybutbut Allah. Allah. AshAsh haduhadu anan lald ilahait1ha illaliilat LahLEh II bearwitnesswitnes thatthat therethere isis nono deity deitybut Allah. Allah. AshAsh haduhadu an~naan-na MuhammadarMuhammadar rasululliJhrasulul Eh II bearwitnesswitnes that thatMuhammadMuhammad (S.A.W.)(S.A.W.I isls thethe messengermessenger ofof Allah.Allah. AshAsh hadu an-na MuhammadarMul"tammadarrasululliJh rasulul lEh II bearwitness thatthat Muhammad (S.A.W.)tS.A.tiJ.) isisthethe messengerof Allah. l;Iayya~/a~Hayyalalag~alah galah (;ometiometoto prayer 1;IaHayya'alagyya 'ala1 salahsal1h Come toto Prayer. /;/ayyaHayya'alal'alaI falal)falah Come to your Good I;!ayyaHayya'alal'alaI falalJfalah Come to your Good.GodA. AllihuAlldhu Akbar Allah is the greatest AllihuAllahu Akbar Allah is the greatest LlILE ilihaildha illal lahLah There is no deity but Allah. ainruAZAN FoRFOR FA"IBFAJR An additionalphrase is includedin the Aian for the Fajrprayer 'alal Aian afterthe second thyya~ayya 'alai Fal6hFal~~ !:'j,lrr'+:+'!it>iat e+Att;Hr)-iit A~ ~al5tu ~hayrum - prayer 4tr+1lfl! Kh-ayrumminan nawm . Prayer isis better thanthan sleep. ~As.~aliJturalatu Khayrum minan narvm-nawm- prayerPrayer isis better thanthan sleep. TISTEIIIilGLISTENING TO THE A2AilA!AN ll1) whenWhen thethe beliarenbelievers hearhear thethe AianAian theythey shourdshould ristenlisten toto irit inin 2424 silenceand repeat each phrase of the Aian in silenceimmedi'immedi· atelyafter thethe Muaiiin hasfinished sayingthesaying the phrase. 'al4 2l2) Whenthe MuaiiinMuaziin says:-tlayyat:tayya 'al~ salEh~alah and Havya'alal-I:tavya 'alat fal-ahfal'ah :.. thQthe .ljstener listener should say in reply:--Lahawla Wala quw'quw watarllaIna Bil-hh.Bil-lah. d+V,Ei-id;JF! 3) Whenthe Aian hasbeen completed, the listener and the MuaiiinMuaziin recite OariidDariid unto ProphetMuhammad (S.A.W.}(S.A.W.) follomiffollowed by the DuDu'a.f;. OARiiDOARUO AFTER THE AZANAiAN J3 3t h\i3 +fu,J I'gG,; ;f.e- ULJljfrti fu:irb'++P?;i,"f|*1ai, +G1 4r' g.a't'*i th.l ''i+V,1,# -JI:$ W Jt F i JL1tV "*l $t!. dt *4'q# U'L-i;+tJ:. )t &i 'ald "Allah"AlEh humma ¥l1·li 'alahlE Mul)ammadinMufiammadin wa 'ali ali1li Muf1am· Muftam- Eal-li 'ald madin kamakamE ~/-Iaytaqal-layta'alE'ali Ibraheema lbr1hffima wa 'ala aliili Ibraheema lbrEhema inninnakaaka lJameedumfiamedum majeed.maied." " "Oh"0h Allah, let let your peace come upon Muhammad (S.A.W.) and the family of Muhammad (S.A.W-l(S.A.W.} as you have sent peace upon Ibrahimlbrahim (A.S.)tA.S.) and his family. Truly you are praiseworthy and gloriouJ~"glorioug:" 'alE 'alE ~'Allah!!ilEh humma barikffirik 'ala Mul}ammadinMul\ammadin wa 'ala ali6li Mu/;Jam Multam- 'ali 'alE madin kama kamd blJtaktabitakta 'alll Ibraheemalbrhheema wa 'aliJ aliEli Ibraheema lbrEheema innakainnaka I}ameedumhamedum majeed.maied."" "Oh,"0h, Allah,Alah,blessbles Muhammad (S.A.W.)(S.A.W.) andand thethe familyfamily of MlihammadMuhammad (S.A.W.)(S.A.W.)as you havehareblessed Ibrahimlbrahim (A.S.)(A.S.) andand his family. family.Truly you areare praiseworthy andand glorious." OU'ADU'AOFOF AZANA2AN H,':.\L3\3),:il,i-*{6r-tff:tr{+L:7iur:t 't|*.-*3,\tA'"r;\3'2,i#;\'rlJi?,'ttv'ei3iyi o'nJJUb$ty "Allah"AllEh humma rabba HazhiHathi hid da~wada'wa tittit tamtdm mati was salasald tiltit QaOi imatiimati iJiihii MuhammadaMufiammada nilni I waseelata 'ath-hu wafwal Far;JeelataFa{eelata wab ~ath-hu maqamammaqimam mahmudamahmhda nil taieelazee wa ad tahu."tahfi." "Gh"0h Allah! Lord of this complete prayer of ours.oun. By the blessing blesing of it, give Muhammad (S.A.W.) his eternal rights of intercession,intercesion, distinction and highest class (in paradise). And raise him tot0 the promised rank you have promised him. Jabir (R.A.) reported Alla~'sAllah's MessengerMesenger (S.A.W.) as saying,sayin$ "If"lf '0 anyone says when he hears the Aian , . '0 God, Lord of this perfect call and of the prayer which is established forforallall time, grant MuhamMuham' Imadrmad(S.A.W.) the Wasila and excellency, and raise him up in a praisepraise- worthy position which you have promised', he will beh assuredasuredof my intercession." (Bukhari) IQAMATIOAMAT Iqamatlqamatis the second call to prayer and is uttered immediately before the beginning of the obligatory prayer offered with congregation.congregtion. TEXT OF IOAMAT o'@N 54';i\ i,ltl ly:,iYt'J\'rIal c,,arrtCi: \'r;:Ltt Sag cAY.aStJt,s r,;*:e,:t& e 6'-qrtI.r l*\ii3 i'e!&tl5't3ii i. :rlr * y:r{'1.,'i$fi;{\'i3 %i Allahu Akbar Allahis the greatest Allahu AkharAkbar Allahis the greate$tgreatest 26 Ashhadu anen ldIi il6hailaha illalil/alliJh l6h I bearwitneswitness that there is no deity but Alah.Allah. AshArh hadu anna MufiammadarMuhammadar nsfrlulrasulullah lEh I bearwitneswitness that MuhammadMu'hammad (S.A.W.}(S.A.W.) his them$sengprmessenger of Allah. 'alaq Hayya/:Ia yya 'alaf $Blahldh GomeCome to prayer Hayya/:Iayya 'alaIhlal faldhfa/a/} Cometo yourgood QadDad QiJmatisqmatiS galEhsalah Jaml'atisrcadyready' QadDad qamatis qlmatiqsalah sal6h Jamt'atJam. 'at is reaCyrea~y . AlldhuAllihu Akbar Allahis the GnatestGreatest All1huAI/shu AkbarAkbar Allah is the greatest LaLE ilahaildha illallahillal lEh There is no deity but Allah. This text of Iqamatlqamatis the same c~ that mentioned in the hadith of Abdullah bin Zaid bin Abd Rabbihi whowtto W~wc the.thefirstfint to havehaYe a vision about AzanAzan. . .-======.- 27 Chapter4Chopter 4 CONDUCT OFOt' SALAT (PRAYER)(PRAYER) SUTRA Before a person startsstaru tot0 pray he should place something 8a short distance inin front of him of the place where he prostratesprmtratc(does (doe Sajdah). SuchSuc,h an object is called SUTRA and is used when the personpemon isis praying alone. A person passingpasing infrontinfront of the personpenoninin prayer, should pass on the outside of the sutra. Iflf someol'lesomeoneis praying in congregation, then the imamactsac8 as the sutra. The imam,however, must have his own individualsutra infrontof him. QIBlAH0fEtAH Wherever a pernonpersonis in the world, he shoulshouldd face towards the KaKa'bah'bah when he is going to pray. The Ka'bah is in thethesacredsacred mosquemosgue of Makkah in Saudi Arabi. Facing towards Qiblah0iblah (Ka'bah) is a very important condition of performance of prayer. However, if the person is in a place such as a desert, jungle, unknown strange city or a place where he does not know the directiondiiectionof the Qiblah,Oiblah,he should try his best to find out the direction of QiblahOiblahfrom others.othen. However, if it is not possible then he should use his judgment and face in a direction which he thinks is that of QiblahOiblahand Allah will accept his prayer. Itft is important to start the prayerfacing the direction of Qibtah0iblah and it does not matter if his o;rectiond;rectionchanges while he is praying e.g. in a ship, a train or0r an aeroplane etc. N0TE:NaTE: Nowadays,a compasscompas is available which gives the direction of Qiblah.0iblah.In strange places and aeroplanes it is a useful instrument to poses.possess. IilTEttlT|ONINTENTION After facinqfac.ing the 0iblahQiblah the personshould make niyat (inten-(inten tion),tion). The intention is madewithin his mind, s0so theperson should thinkabout the particular obligatory, 0ptionaloptional or naflnatl prayer he In-in tertdsten ds t0to perform.He shouldnot utter the wordsof niyataloud, asthis is not authenticauthentic. 0ror approvedby theProphet (S.A.W.).(S.A.W.L 28 TAKBIRTATBIRTAHRIMAH After making nivatniyat the personpenonshould start his prayersaying "AII'Ihu"AllEhuakbar" (Allah is the greatest) raising both of hishands to th~the shoulders,shouldsrs,with fingers stretching to the earlobes. He should then foldfdd his hands over his chest right hand over the left hand. This timfirst"Anihu "AlliihuAkbar" is called Takbir Tahrimah because after saying Takbir Tahrimah every common and worldly action, talk or move-move ment isis forbidden. Throughout the prayer theeyesof the wonhipperworshipper should point to the spot where the forehead rests in Sajdah. WHERE SHOULDSHOUTD THE HANDSHAI{DSBE FOLDEDFOTDEDAf{OAND PLACED AFTER SAYINGSAYITG TAKBIR TAHRIMAH?TAHRIIIAH? Some people place their hands under the navel, others place themuDderuoder the chest but there are hadiths which state that Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W.) usedued to place his hands over his chest. a)al Halb A!aeeAlaee (R.A.) reported:repofted: "1"l saw the Prophet (S.A.W.) pfacingplacing his right hand over his left hand over his chest:'chesti' (Ahmad"Tirtnizi).(Ahmadrlirrrnizi). b)bl Wi'ilWlll b. HajrHair(R.A.) said: "I"l prayed with Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W.) and he put his right hand over his left handover his chest."cho$t."(Ibn(lbn Khuzaimah, Abu Oawtid,Dawld, Muslim). There are some other narrations which state that some Fuqha used to place their handshan& under the chest but above the navel. "PlacingFlacingthe hands in either of these positions is correct but it isbetter to place them over the chest according tot0 the practice of Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W.) as mentioned in the above authentic hadiths. RECITATIONRECITATIOT{BEFORE fATIHAHFATIHAH There are several du'asdu'ts which Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W{S.A.W, used to recite before Fatihah. We will mention two of them. 'ij tJ;( (;- 3V\& 1# i',#i+r:. iliri,,, \733U\i" L:41'L#)i o --Ft5 rt4)t .* jr=:ag46' o#.1r-"+",iit\ 5rll'H r{cs,V,o iili +L \sf,? ? + 6a "Allah"Alleh humma ba'id be'id barneebanee wa bayna khat5yayakhat|yEya KamaKamE /ii'adtaE'adta baynal mashriqimashrigiwal maqhribi,maghribi, AllahAllih humma naq'naq- 292g qineeqinee minmin khafiJyaya kha6yEya kamaRam'a yunaq·qathyunag-qath thawIJulthawnul abyaqua,by$! minadminad danasi,dan*i, AllihAtEh humhum maghsilneemaghsilnie minmin Khatayaya KhatEyEya bilbil maeemEeewath wath thaJjithalii walwal bardi."bardi." (Bukhari(Bukhari andand Muslim).Muslim). "0"0 AllahAllahset set memeapart apartfromfrom my mysins sinsasm EastEastandand WestWest areare apanapart fromfromeacheach other.other. o0 Allah, cleansecleanse me from from my sinssinsasas aa white garment isis deanseduleansed fromfromdirt dirtafter afterthorough washiwCIhing. ng. o0 Allah, washunsh me off off fromfrom mysins sinswith water, snowsnow andand hail." Iflf a personpenondoes not know the dulidu'd justiust mentioned thenthen he should reciterecite thethe followingfollowingone. Umar (R.AJ (R.A.) isis reportedreportedtoto havehatre used thisthis du'idu'a- after saying Takbir Tahrimah. ~\ -" ",,, /'/ " \ ~~~~~~,3 .i+UtiS'#-.. I ~J\.;Z-'!,rVj'.t:!J~j~t )iL|j;,fr)t Zi~it;rirg,, ,..r, , c~AJt'J'.. ~tJ: ":_ \ --. eaSi;al,i;.. ,;4' "Subpana" SubfrEna KallahKaltEh humma wabi f)amdikafiamdika wataliiJrawatabhra kasmukakasmuka watawata'ald'ala iad-dukajad-duka wallJwali illJhaildha gh;wruk.ghamtk. "Glory"Gfory be to you, 0 Allah, and altall praisespraisssarearo due untouflto you·,yoor and blessed is your name and high is your majestymaie$y and none is won'vrwnlry of worshipwonhipbut you:' youJ' A persol'1personcan read both du'ls,du6s, together or just one of themtftemor anypy of the other du'asdu'6s which are approved by Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W.),and,there(S.A.W.),andrthereare about 7. These du'asdu'& tancanbe foundfbund in differentdifferertt placesof severalsevenl Books of Hadith, e.g. Muslim,Mulim, Tirmizi, Musnad-.Musnad.r !I.*Imam Ahmad, Abu.Abu Dawiid,Dawid, Dar-qutni, Dar-qulni,Nisai, Ibnlbn Majah, Ibnlbn Hibban,llibban, MuanaMuattaImamlmam Malik). • All of the 7 du'asdu'f,scan be read togethertqether beforeretttingrecitfutg surah Fatihah. This recitationis called Du'#ul-lstiftahDua:ul-Istiftah which meansDuEDu'i of starting.0ui-ulDu/a-ullstif lstiftahshouldtah should only be recitedretited in the first rakat. TA,A}WYUiTA'Awwui Thenthe person who is praying should say:-say;· (~\~8,~k\/'~~f t;,:;rrp,i*lr,,; - _" ",.. 4;'(;*i,.,; v ""A A'uiu'uiu biLEhibi/./ahi minahminash ShaygdShayta nir-raipm."nir-rai-eem. " "l"1 seekAllahtAllah's protection from satan who isis accursed." Thisshould only be said in thefirst rakat. TASMIA}ITASMIAM Thenthethe penonperson who isis praytng praying should say: 30 .,...:?~,. A~.' :.)~, _ L.~I .....::J, -...' A-~' o+ij}$rj1_ ~ ~~- PF,.... ~J.- "Bism"Bismfllahil lEh hihir-rabma r'nhmd nnir-raheem. ir-rahnm. "" "ln"In thethe namename ofof Allah,Allah, thethe mmtmost kindkind and and thethe most most mercifuli'merciful:' ThisThis shouldshould bebe said said inin weryFNery rakat rakat beforebefore recitingreciting rurahsurah Fatihah.Fatihah. SURAHSURAH FATIHAHFATIHAH Thenthe percon praying should recite iurah Fatihah. ;Du i:-*il Id4l 6 ;# 6 rP. i ;u 5+:^J 6'.'i;{" !Vyi'*4i AVL3"t-it i;rV ; .=1e l] e i#i( g rt,ur= e*idrig;;ott - *t"l' S dJ,b\tiirydJb-';ih"F "Alltamdu"A/hamdu |li/-/ahi il-Ehi rab-hirab-bill'6lameen. 'a/ameen. Ar rafrma-rahmanir-ralrem.nir-raheem. MefikiMaliki yawmid :- den.deen. Iyyakalyydka na'budu wa iyyaka nasta'een. Ihdlna~Ihdl nagsiratalsirital mustaqeem.mustagmm. 'alayhim. Sira(al$iragal LazeenaLaieena anan'amta'amta 'alayhim. Ghayril magh{1ubimaghQubi _- 'alayhimhlaVhim walapwalay'gal-Ieen.ddl-leen. Ameen.A,mffin." " "Praise isis only unlyfor Allah, Lord of the Universe. Univene. The most kind, thethe most merciful. The master of the Day of Judgment. You alone we worship and toto you alone weun pray forfor help. ShowShowus thethe straightstraight way,way, thethewayway ofof those thosewhomwhom youyou havehave blessed. WhoWhohavehave notnot deserved deservedyouryour anger,anger, NorNorgonegone astray:'astray." RecitingRecitingFatihahFatihah isis soso importantimportant thatthat ProphetProphet MuhammadMuhammad (S.A.W.)(S.AW.) saidsaid thatthit nono prayerprayerwaswG acceptableacceptablewi1thoutwiqhout thethe recitationrecitationofof Fatihah.Fatihah. a)a) UbadahUbadahbinbin SamitSamit(R.A.)(R.A) reportedreportedAllah'sAll:th's MessengerMessenger (S.A.W.)(S.A.W.) 'There asassaying:saying: "There isisno no prayerprayeracceptableacceptable withoutwith_out recitingreciting Surah$ol, Fatihah."Fatihah.;'(Bukhari{Bukhari Muslim,Muslim, Ahmad,Ahmad, AbuAbu Oawud, Dalfrd,Tirmizi,Tirmizi, Nisai,Nhai, IbnlbnMajah).Maiah). b)b) AbuAbuHurairah Hurairah (R.A.)(n.A.) reportedreported thatthethat the MessengerMessenger ofofAllah Allah (S.A.W.)(S.A.W.) waswassayingsaying thatthat anyone anyonewhowho prayed prayedanyany kindkind of of prayerprayerandand diddid 3131 notnot readnad inin that,UmmulthatrUmmul(luranl.andOuran pnd in in oneoneversion versionFatihah·tul·Fatihah.tul. KitabKitsbhis hirprayer prayrrwillwill be bodeficient,deficient, willwill be bedeficient,deficienr, willwill be bedeficient,deficient, andandnotnot complete. complete.(Bukhari,(Bukhrri, MuslimMrrlim Ahmad). Ahmad). c)cl AbuAbu HurairahHurrirah(R.A.) (R.A.l reportedreportedAllah'sAllah's Messenger Messenger(S.A.W.)(S.AW.} as as saying:rrying: "No"[Io prayerpraysrwillwifl benefitbenefitaa pe~anpersonwhowho diddid notnot readreadinin thatftrt .nlhrurdr Fatihah."Fatihah."(Ibn(lhn Khuzaimah.Khuzaimah,Ibnlbn Hibban. Hibban.Ahmad).Ahmad). InIn thetheIi-.t ligrt ofof thetheabove abovehadithshadiths wewe understandundentandthatthat Surah surah FatihahFatihdrmustmurt be berecited rscitedoror readreadinin everyeveryrakatrakat ofof any anytypetype of of prayer.prayer. RECITATIONBECITATIOilOFOF SURAHSURAH fATIHAHFATIHAH BEHINDBEHIITID ANAf{ IMAM. IMAM. Some$ome.peoplepgopl.o aregE.ysly very confusedconfusedwhet~erwhether theythey should shouldoror shouldshould notnot l'Iad rsadSurah surah FatihahFatiharrwhilewhire praying prayinginin congregation.congiegrion.ButBui thereih;;; shoulddrouldnotnot beb0any any confusionconfusioninin'thii this matterniatter-ias ir,Jiorro",ingthe following hadithtilli; veryvry cleartyclmdy.answersansnrers thethe Question. question. '1Ale 8)al UbadahUbadahbin ~amit$amit.(R.A.)(R.A.) said:said: 'We werewerebehind thethe Prophet Prophet (S.A.W.)(s.A.w.)inin thethe FajrFairprayer, praver,and he recited a passage fromfrom'the the auran,Ouran,but thethe recitationrecitationbecame difficultdifficurt for him. Then when 'Do for'him.'Thenwhen he finishedfinishedhehc said, 'Do you recite behind your Imam?'lmam?'weWe replied,replie.{,.'yE,'yes, Messenger of AllahAttah(S.A.W.)'.(S.A.W.)'. Then the Messenger ^tlgfenggl 'Do Th'enthe Messenger of Allah (S.A.W.)(S.A.W.)said: 'Do not recite anything (behind(behind thet-he Imam)lmam) except Fatihah-tul·KitabFatihah-tul-Kitab(Surah(surah Fatihah)raiitratrjbecause he who does not includeit inin his recitationinin prayer his prayer is not valid.' " (Abu Dawiid.DawEd, Tirmizi). b)bl Abu Hurairah (R.A.) reported thatthst the MessengerMesenger of Allah (S.A.W.)(s.A.w.)said: "If"lf anyone observesobsewes prayer (~alat)(salatl in which he does not read Uummulmmul Quran0ur5n(Fatihah),{FatihahLit it is deficient,deiicient,it is deficient, it is deficient,and not complete." it'Whatis deficient, and not complete." ltIt wassaid to Abu HurairahiHurairah: 'What should we do whenwe are behind an lmam?,,He,Imam?" He, (Abu HurairahlHurairah) (R.A.) replied, "Read it insirence...... "silence ...... " (Muslim). AMEEIU:AMEEN: It is sunnahioto *ysay Ameenwhen a personfinishes-recitationfinishes_recitation of SurahFatihah. lfIf he isis prayingalone he should say "Ameen" inin silenceand if hgh~ is prayingwith congregationbehind an lmamImam thenthen he shouldsay Ameenfairlyfairly loudlyloudly when thethe lmamImam finishesfinishes saying thethe lastlast verse of SurahFatihah. whenWhen sayingEmeenAmeen thethe voiceoTof thethe wtrole whole congregation should resound at the same timu.timlt Thereare many hadiths which prove prove thatthat saying Ameen aroudaloud isis Sunnah ofof thethe Holy Holy ProphetProphet (S.A.w.)(S.A.W.) andand itit waswas iheiegularthe regular practicepractice ofof thethe companions.companions. weWe willwill mentionmention aa fewfew ofof thesethese hadithshadiths here.here. a)a) NaeemNaeem alal MujammarMujammar said:said: "l"I prayedprayed behindbehind AbuAbu Hurairah Hurairah (n.A.)(R.A.) HeHe recitedrecited BismilfdhBismillah hir-ra[mahir-rahma nir-raheem,nir-raheem, thenthen hehE recitedrecited surahsurah FatihahrandFatihah, and whenwhen hehe reachedreached waladwala·p {alleen, c)a.!.:lee-n, he he saidrAmeensaid, Ameen afterafter itit andand the the peoplepeople behindbehind himhim saidsaid Ameen...,.."Ameen ...... " (dukhari).(Bukhari). b)b) AbuAbu Hurairah Hurairah (R.A.) reportedreported thatthat the the Messenger Messenger of Allah {R.A.)'when ol Allah (s.A.w.)(S.A.W.) said:said: 'When thethe lmamImam sayssays GhayriiMaghd0biGhayril MaghQubi 'arayhim'alayhim 3232 walaQ..wala{dal-leenrall~al-Ieen} all of you should sa~,say, Ameen, becuase the Angels ~ygty Ameen and thethe Imamfmam says Ameen. And whosoever says Ameen and his voice blends with thatthat of thetheangels he would be forgivenforgiven his sins." (Ahmad,(Ahmad, Abu Dawud,Dawld, Nisai).Nisail. c) Aisha (R.A.)(R.A.) reported reportedthatthat thethe MessengerMesengerof Allah (S.A.W.) (S.A.W.) said: "Jews"Jews are morer'nore envious of Muslims inin twotwo thingsthinp ~) our 'alaykum la) greeting someone with Assalamu 'alaykum and (b) saying Ameen (aloud)behind thethe Imam:'lmami' (Ahmad, Ibnlbn Majah). d)dl Ata said: "I"l found200 of thecompanions praying inin themosque of the Prophet (S.A.W.) and when the Imam_said lmam_saidwala~walad ~al·leen,dal-!een, I heard the echo of their voices resound with Ameen". RECITATIONBECITATIONAFTER SURAH FATIHAH It isis sunnah for a person who is praying that he should read a surah from Quran0ur5nafter Fatihah in the first two rakats of the fard prayer. He r.ancan rer.iterecite one or morem0resurahs. Here are a few short Surahs whic.hwhichyou can recite. a) Surah Ikhlaslkhlar #)'.FJt$g--a itX'rt-d;!'*Fa"";Zt I'4:,i5t An63'd3 8'rratfj-rL,jiq;s3 NQul"Oul huwal tahuldhu ahad. Allah hus-samad.huq-qamad.. Lam va/iffyalid walam yu/ad.yhlad. Wa/amWalam yaku/-/ahuyakul-lahl Kufuwan a,!ad.ahad."" "Say: He is Allah, the only one. Allah helps and does not need help. He does not produce a child, and He Was not born of anyone. There is no one equal to Him." b) Surah FalaQ.Falaq. c#itt*;S;IF9'.:"', 7 A)6'5';u:+31 d Ft P.k'5.iri Jrb L*ii ih.lJ'J ;-G u3 F i5 d Astil v4v h'-,gti:*' clc) SurrhSurlh ilar.Nls. oA-{;tfY 3}orr+' 'r)3 d -rfu rd) d .4Lr\*\F d *t.' :?'?,'5i;\ I ,t:,, 2et)'- t t,!t .t( t ,(t. lry r-:t(r'/tt ^ or.;'uli2t.v4 uiy- Gr^ll o --yt-=l Lvr"$V4 t qEJr;'93At(a QuiAil A'uiuhiA'uzubi rab-bin nas.n&. MalikiflMalikin nis.n*. IIilld hin-nas.hin-n*. Min shar-rilshar-ril waswawaswdsil sil khan-nas.khan-n-a- AI/ari'niAAttaii yuwaswisuYuwaswisufxfee fudugudE rin-nas.rin+,fu- Minai iii'natijin-nati wan-nas.wan+t*.' ''Say:'Say:I seek refugere{uge in the sustainergustainer of mankind. the Owner of Mankind, Lord of Mankind. From the evilwil of the sneaking whisperer. Who whisperswtrispen inin the heartshearB of mankind. (Whether(Whetherhe be) fromfrom among jinnsiinns or mankind." RUKUBUKU-_ BOWINGBOWITIG Then the the person praying should saysaY "Allahu"Alldhu Akbar" raising raising both his hands toto shoulder levellevel with thethe palms facingfacing outwar~outward andandfingersfingers stretchingstretching toto eartobes.eadobes.HeHe should shouldthenthen bend inin rukurukusoso thatthat hishis trunktrunk(i.e. (i.e.fromfrom head headtoto hips)hif) isis perpendicular toto the the restrest ofof thethe body. His Hishands handsshouldshould restrest onon hishis kneeskneeswithwith thethe fingersfinpn spreadspnadapart,apart, takingtaking carecare thatthat hishisarms armsdodo notnot touchtouchhishis body.body. TheThe personpsron shouldslrouldbeh calm calmandand composedcomposed inin thethe rukurukuposture postureandand notnot hurryhurry itit ThenThenhehe should shouldreadread:'tubhana :"Subhana rab-birab-bi yalyal azeem"azeem"atat leastlmst three$rsetimes. times. . o~o-p*---$li \A;g[fi*-j* I rr 3434 Thismeans: 's "Glorybe to my Lordlord who is thethe very grmtmt:'greatest~' Hecantan read it (3,5, 7, 9, 1l11 etc.)ett.) times.times. Thereare sgmesome other du'&du'ls whichGancan be roadread with subfEnasubbina rab.birab·bi yal a3eema~eem or imteadinstead of subfrinasub~ina rabbirab-bi yalyalll~m. r;rm. TwoTWD of thsmthem arementioned below:- 0therOther Du'isDu'as in Ruku: Aisha(R.A.) reportodreported that the melsengprmessenger of Allah (S.AW-)(S.A.W.) mmtlymostly read the follonringfollo~ng du'idu'a in hisruku and nidah.sajdah. -41 (tf4tj~)oj~~4JJ'2J~;8,-'J~'~~J?+ifrh\ l,f*n;r t; a vl tl.L.l t,r\") rtt i,.. " ,/.; "" ..", "Subl)ana"Sublpflna KalldKalla humma rab-banErab-bana wabifuamdikawabi(1amdika AlEhAllAh hum maghfirln."maghfirlee. " (0ukhari,fBukhari, Musliml.Muslim); Thismeans: "Glory be to you,oh our Lord,lord, and allaU praise beto you. 00h h Allah, forgive me:'mei' Ali (R.A.) reported that the Messenger of AllahAflah used to read the fonowingfollowing Du'a in Rttku:Ruku: $Q,l i :-)j 5 3;J, f .b?5&;3s +a Ld"Nv, V h.,za-; *Lz;',#s e',gs 6F;=--e-f r -,ziJLli o;,-ii{U, r.tir t 1,, {*r o r_;j hr!,xL I "Allah"AlEh humma laka Raka'tuRaka'tu, wabikaffiika amantu, Ennntu, , walakavnlaka aslamtu,alunru, ~tatrta rab-bT khashi'a Rhahi'a sam'ee Wab~ wa mukh-kheemukh-kt wa 'azmee'azme 'qafu E wa wa ~abee wavn mastamista qalgal - lattat . biheebihe qada may-vamav-ya lil-Iahi.lil-Ehi. rab-bilrabSil 'alameen."Elameen!' (Ahmad,(Ahmad, Muslim,Mtslim, AbuAbu DawiidDawfid etc.) etc.) "Ohl"0h! my Lord, II bowedborwdtoto you and I I believedinin you and Ilrub sub mittedmitud tot0 you. You are'aremy lord.Lord.My ear,mr, my sight,sight my brain,brrin,my bones, my tentendomdons andand whatever hashr been carriedcarried by my feetfnt isb subrub' mitted forfor thethe lordLordofof the worlds:'worl&l' There areare otherother du'asdu'& which Prophet MuhammadMuhammed (S.A.W.)(S.AW.} .-.drnd inin RukuRukuandand theythey cancan bebe foundfurnd inin otherotherBooksBooks ofof Hadith.Hadith. PerfectionPerfectionofol RukuRukuandand Saidah.Saidah. AbiAbi MasudMrud a' al BadriBadri(R.A.) (R.A) reportedrrportedthlt ilrrt thethe MessengerMeseqrrr ofof AllahAl*t (S.A.{S.AW.}W.) said:said: 3535 "Allah"Allahdoes doesnotnot consIder conslderthethe prayer prayerofof aa manmanwho whodoes doesnotnot straightenstraightenhishis back backwhenwhen bowingbowing forfor Ruku Rukuandand performingperforming Sajdah:'Saidahj' (Ibn(lbnKhuzaimah,Khuzaimah, Ibnlbn Hibban,Hibban, Tabrani).Tabrani). AbiAbi Gatadah 0atEdah(R.A.)(R.A.l reportedreportedthatthat thethe MessengerMessengerofof Allah Allah (S.AW.)said: (S.A.WJ'Thesaid: ''The WOBtn0rstthiefthief isis oneone whowho stealssteals inin his hisprayer."prayer.,' ThenThenthethe companions companionsasked,asked, "How"H0w can cansomeonesomeone stealstear fromfrom hishis prayer?"prayer?" ProphetProphet(S.A.W.)(S.A.W. )ansmred, ansnered. "He"Hedoesdoes nOlcompletenncomplete hishis RUKURuxu andand Sajdahsajdah withwith perfection."perfection." Oral hehesaid,said, "He"He doesdoesnotnot makemakehishis balkbackstraightsrraight inin RukuRukuandand Sajdah." Sajdah.,' (Ahmad,(Ahmad,Tabrani,Tabrani, Ibnlbn Khuzaimah,Khuzaimah, Hakim).Hakim). TheseThesehadithshadiths proveprove thatthat RlJkuRukuand andSa;dah saidahshouldshould bebe donedone calmly,cafmfy,slowtyslowly andand perfer.tly, perfectly,otherwIseotherwrse sa/atsalat ofof thetheperson penonwillwill bebe deficient.deficient. QAWMAHOAUWI,IAH(STANDING(STAilOIt{G AFTERAFTER RUKU)BUKU} After the perfect Ruku thethe person praying shouldshould raiseraise his head from Ruku saying:- 6;FdiJ"ol,'*'- "Sami 'allAhhlleh hu liman ~amida:'hamidai, * "Verily"verily.Allah listens toonet0 onewho praises him." and * raise ~ishis handshan& up to the levelof his shouldersshaul deB with palmsfacing outwards and ffingeB ingenstretched to the earlobesand then he shouldlowerlower hishands to his sides.In the standingposition he shouldbe erectso that the jointsjoints of his bodygo hackin place.whileWhile in thisposition he should reciteone 0ror all of thethe followingdu'isdu'as iNas manytimestimes as he likes. *some *Some peoptepeople get very annoyedwhen they they see someone raisingraising hishis handshands whilewhile going inrointo RukuRuku and again raisingraising hishis hands hands whiliwhile liftinglifting hishis headhead fromfrom huku. kuku. ThereThere are,are, however, however, authenticauthentic hadithshadiths whichwhich proveprove thatthat rrrophet ?rophet MuhammadMuhammad (s-A.w.)(S.A.W.) usedused t0 to raiseraise hishis handshands aiat thethe beginningbeginning ofof prayer,prayer, beforebefore andand after after Ruku Ruku andand when when standingstanding upup foithefor the ihirdthird rakat.rakat. ^Fuglv Every llngfqsingle BookBook ofof HadithHadith like like Bukhari,Bukhari, filuslim,Muslim, MuattiMual~a lmamImam Malik, Malik, Abu_Dawr.rd,Abu Dawud, Tirmizi,Tirmizi, Nisai,Nisai, rbnIbn Majah, Majah, lbnIbn Khuzaimah,Khuzaimah, Hakim,Hakim, Ahmad, Ahmad, Shafaee, Shafaee, Tabrani,Tabrani, BaitraqlBaihaqi etc.etc. etr. etc. mentionsmentions thesethese hadiths.hadiths. NearlyNearly fourfour hundredhundred companionscomDanions alsoalso narrate narrate thisthis practice practice ofof ProphetProphet MuhammadMuhammad {s.A.w.}.s0,(S.A.W.). So, therethere is;s notnot thethe slightesi slightest doubtdoubt the raising thatthat the raising ofof handshands isis sunnatsunnat andand aa personperson whowho fractisespractises thisthis sunnatsunnat getsgets a a greatergreater rewardreward thanthan the the personperson whowho doesdoes notnot practisepractise it.it. However,However, eveneven though though the the actionaction is is mentionedmentioned inin thethe hadiths,hadiths, allall thethe ulamasulamas agreeagree thatthat thethe prayerprayer ofof aa penonperson whowho doesdoes notnot raiseraise r,continued COnttnued onon pagepage 37)37) 3636 DU'ASou'AsINtltl QAWMAHoAwtttAH a) "Rab-bana"Rab'bahalakal ~amd:'hamdl' 6'i;;+,'tsu*.5 "Gh,"0h, our0urLord, all the praises be to you;'youl' b) "Rab-bana"Rab'banilakal hamd,hamdanllamd,l;ramdan Katheeran ~ayvibantayyiban niubaraka.nmubarakan fee:'feei' ,If' ,. "- .I ., ", ,~ ~ » • ~;~~,~,~~\~~-, O~~'o 9Q:1ts&^Wfi#r'-t^3.. ii.;Jltt 6 "Gh"0h OlJ(ourLord, all praisesPraises be to you,You, Very many, pure and blessedblesed praises be to you."y9u.'' of t)cl AbiAli'S.'r*o'ifSa'eed al Khudree(rtuuitt (R.A.)in.n.t says that when the messengermesengerof Allah (S.A.W.) usedued to say:- 'all5h "Sami 'allah hu liman hamida" he would followf ollowit with:- * S;*,"i+i =.5U-;.rr1Y^,i;.3 tq ui: #ti J6\rg (,;.ZV i|*t Jii-i-ii hiJ;aJ-n4u | ; ii,L-{t W €;9 }^i -'"rJiU urt;',.glj r t- - I a,r,4 glrt!tt - - .^--.Jt),.i,2\'& #\ \ i Li; fi JiJ W'J,a) 1ird1,.drrr) "Allah"Alldh humma rab-banarab-bani lakal l;1amdullamdu mil as samawatismEwEti wa mil al ardiarQi wa mil ama shi'tashi'ta min shayin ba'du:ahba'du: ah lath thanaeethan1e wal majdimaidiahag-guahaq-qu mamE qalalqdlal 'abdu 'abdu Wa Kullu-na LakaLaka'abd, /abd, AllahAlEh humma 16lE mani'am1ni'a limalimi a'taytaa'tpyta walawal6 mu'tyamu'Sya lima mana'ta wala yanfa'u talZal iad-dijad-di minkal iad!'jad:' (Muslim, Ahmad, Abu Dawud) Daw0d) "Gh"0h Allah, our Lord, all praises be to you, as much as they tan fill the heavens and the earth and everything which you want to be filled after that. You deserve to be praised andandglorified. glorified. You deserve more than what your servant has said and all of us are your slaves.slavc. Nobody can preventprwent whatever you want to give and nobody can Rivegive whatever you wantumnttot0 prevent and a personpenonwith high rank cannot benefit himself or another from his high rank againstaginst your will." his hands is acceptable. Therefore)Therefore, Muslims should not fight over this issue. Iflf someone does not wish to raise his hands he should (continuation(continuati_o4.not discourage others from doing so because it is not a major concon- from pagep4e 36) trovertia'$sysrtial point. 37 There are some other du'asdu'is which can be read in the Qawmah0awmah positionpotitionand thesethece can be found in other Books of Hadith. FIRST SAJDAH (PROSTRATION).(PROSTBATIO TI. After the perfect qawmah the person praying should movemwe to perform sajdahnidah saying:-saying:' "Allihu Akbar," putting palms downwards on the ground below the ears.ean.The knees should be brought downwardsdownrvards on the ground. His fingersfingenand toes should be pointing towardstorvards Qiblah0iblah without spreadinpspreadingthe fingers of the hands.han&.During prostration seven parts of the body should touch the ground: (j)(i) the forehead along with the tip of0f the nose. (ii)(iil both hands (iii)(iiil both knees (iv)(ivl the bottom surface of the toes of both feet. In this position he should say:- ~ ~ -;'i ,,/,...... , .I ~-~\\. ;:.- l, ~~ .}t?tOi6t+p,,,'-='.-J., '\J "Subl)ana"Subl76na Rabbi yal a'la"a'16" He should say this at least 3 times or0r 5, 7, 9, 11I I etc. times.tirnes. "Oh"0h Allah, glory be to you, the most high." There are some $omeother du'is du'ft which can be read in the sajdah position. OTHEROTHEBDU'AS INIII SAJDAH i) Ali (R.A.) said that the MessengerMesengerof Allah (S.A.W-l(S.A.W.) used to say while doing sajdah:-saidah:- , / -"" -' ~ /~/"''/" /1 ..... /-' ' ...... ;,/-g.ilt,:./ ~~- ~\~--,~l~.-'~I~irl,i:It\;i :>t-ii LirA-![.. "'~~\cr, 3-;J +5 " "/ ... ztt/r( "';. (..... ". ,t.z)//--/L-../,,,- - " /" , """, ,.t , ". ., /'" (."r17i-:,.- #"" .::1i-.- ,,,,,::,,. 'r.,i,.-•• \ \ ",-rfi_l,,.... , / ~A-rs-,F:~~ 6.J~oJFo ~lj*;+u &.J~r)y4, ~~a-}li I.S~/~-9 gj"_ ~ (~)~~~\~""'-'.,.:j~'2Jj~~-'(fl-. 1,..1g.r-Gj I JA'.*t!:U:X;e; ; "Allah"Allehhumma laka sajadtu, wabika amantu,Emantu, walakarmlakaaslamtuclamtu ,. sajadasaiadawajhiyaranjhiya LillaZikhalaqahiiLittaiikhalaqahl Wasaw-warahiiWaspw-vrarahfi fa ahsanaaf.rsanasuwarahu,guwarah-u, FaShaq-qaFashaq-qa sam'ahusam'ah fr waba~rahuwabaqa rah-u fatabarafatab-arakal-Iahukal-l6hu a~sanulal.rsanul khillkh-al iqeen".iqeen ". (Ahmad, Muslim). 38 "0h"0~ Allah,for you II haveprostrated, and in you II havefaith,faith, and unto you II havesubmitted, my foreheadforehead has prostrated inin front of onewho createditit andgave shape to it and madeitit perfeutly.perfectly. Then he gavepower of hmringhearing and sight and blesedblessed isis Allah'5 Allah's nafilsname who is is the the perfect creator."treator." ai)ii) AbuHurairah (R.n.)(R.A.) said that the MesengerMessenger of Allah(S.A.W.}(S.A.W.) usedto sayin hissaidah:- ~ '.;" ( /t'./t(i;;" ","l' ' /-' |, /tLt/;.,,, (t~~~:~~~&~\~ .. t/ ~'-:;\~-"~~~,r.4 ;+;~~~' 4,yi;'{2.r} dj !'rL-}'d.3>'"Y + ; J,V !.ffn "'(¥') I .-' ,/.,. (1t-a)(~)-,.~ ""h3 "Alleh'~Allah hum maghfirlee Zanbeekul-lahDkul-Iahjj diq-qahi,diq-qahu, hummaghfirlee -akhirahf, wajil-lahfjil-Iahu wa aw-walah-uaw·walahu waakhirahu, wa 'ald'alii niy-yatah-uniy-yatahu wa sir-rahfi.sir-rahu. " {Muslim,(Muslim, Abu DawDd,Oawud, Hakim). "Oh"0h Allah, forgive all of my sins, minor ones and major ones, Ones0nesI committed previously and Ones0nesI commit in the future. Ones I commit openly And ones I commit secretly." There are some other dudu'E's'as whithwhich the MessengerMesengerof Allah (S.A.W.) used to say in his Sajdah Saidahbut these du'asdu'is are toot00 long to mentionmenti0nhere. They tancan be found in authentic Books of HaeJithHadithlike Muslim, Ahmad, Nisai Abu DawTIdDawddetc.etr,. Itlt is not surprisingsurprislngthat Prophet Muhammad (S.A.WJ(S.A.W.) stayed in R.ukuRukuand SajdahSaidah for long intervals. All of the authentically approved du'asdu'ds tancan be said with sub~anasub[Ena Rabbi yal a'iaa'ldor0r on0n theirown or altogether according to the time available and capacity of the person. InIn SajdahSaldahposition the worshipperwonhipperisis at his closest to Allah. HenLe,Hence,Sajdah should be performed calmly, and quietly, without figgeting,figgeting,andand thethe worshipper should trytry tot0 readreadasas many du'as as he possiblyposiblycan. JAlSAHJALSAH{SITTING{SITTING BETWEENBETWEEI'I TWO SAJDAH) ------After performing one sajdah sajdahperfectly andand r.almly, calmly,thethe person perr,on praying shouldshould raiseraise his head fromfrom sajdah saidahsaying,saying, "Allahu"AllaJtu akbar",akbar", bending thethe left leftfoot f oot andandsittingsitting on itit whilewhile'keeping'keeping thethe right rightfootfoot propped up with itsin toestoespointing towardstowards thethe Qiblah,0iblah,thethe palms ofof hishishands handsshouldshould restrest onon hishisthighsthighs andand knees.knees. thethe back shouldshould bebe straightstraightsoso thatthatthe the jointsiointsgogo bac.kbackinin place.place.Itlt isis sunnatsunnattot0 saysay thethefollowingfollowing dudu'a 'a whilewhile sittingsitting inin between betweenthethe twotwo sajdahs.saidahr. 39 *:liiry'vlr?.lrr-r\';€tt3e,rP;N 6'c>J;:ti'ciiLtj "Allah"AlEhhumhum maghfirleemaghfirlee warlJamneervarfrmnee wahdineewahdinee 'f,finee WIm 'ifinee warzuqneewarzuqneswajburnee war fa'nee"fa'nos" (Abu(AbuDawOd).Dawild). "Oh"0h Allah, forgiveforgive me, andand have mercy on0n me,m0, andandkeep me on thethe rightright path, and keep me healthy, and provide me withhalal sourcessourcc of living,living and complete my shortcomings,shortcoming, and make my rank high."hidr." The worshipperwonhipper can say this du'idu'i' once oncoor0r _G many timestimr _c he likes.likes. SECONDSECOTIOSAJDAH Then the person should perform the second sajdah saying, ".Allahu Akbar" and repeatnpeat whatwtrat he did in the firstfint siUdah.sqideh. . JALSAHJAI$AH- E-ISTARAHATE- ISTAFAHAT(SITTING(SITTIITG FORFON REST).RESTI. 'AllEhuAkbar" Then he should raise his head up saying .All1hu Akbar" andrndsit for a short while asc he did in ialsah.jalsah. He doesdooE thisfrh beforebefonstanding up for the second rakat. SECONDSECOTDRAKAT After standing up for the second rakat he should fold his hands overorcr his chestchectas he did in the first rakat and start hishb recitationbv reading"Bismillih"Bismill6h...... and and Surah Fatihah follorrmdfollowed by anypffigepassagl or a chapterof theHoly 0uran."Ouran." Then he should complete his rscondsecond rakatin themanner of thefintfirst one. Whilechomingchoosing a passageor a chapterfor the rocitationrecitation in the scondsecond or a subsequantsubsequent rakat the worshippershoufdshould observe the orderin whichthey mcuroccur in the Holy OurEn.Ourin. Al$0,Also, eocheach Surah or wneverse shouldbe shorter than the onerecited before it. Hence,longer surahsare rcitedrecited beforeshorter surahs. TASHAHUD Aftercompleting the lrot last sajdah of thesecond rakat, thet~e penon person shouldniseraise his head srying:saying: "All6trAkbar"."Allah-Akbar". He should sit ashe sat betryreonbetween the twotwo sajdah,putting his leftleft handon hlshis left kneeand righthan&nright handon his rigrt riltlt knee.TheJistThe fist of thethe right hand is cfosed closed sxceptexcept for thsthe indexindex finprfinger whichis protruded.ltIt isis protrudedso that thethe 40 {$triqht t~~mbthu.mbisb brought to1o the second division of the index finger. In thllposltlonftbporitionthe personpefion shouldrhould read:-rad:- ,+Jsl$*ie qii.r 6 b rtat6*y Lu;iit gl ,W #s ilqi;c;l-Jl i ; it',J,-J,tt';i; rii ;ffi gfi'rff-iei,r V:'[yl j Se-, o'r#-L;"1 p r (+Jeili:., .fr;$;il+5 'At-tal|iy-yEtu "At-tal}iy-yatu liI-lshilil-Ehi wafwq ~alawatusalawatu war-raywat-lay yibiJtu.yiffitu. As-salBmuAseafiniu-'alayka'alayka ay-yuhan-nabiy-yuay-yuhrt-nabiy-yu'' W,Jwt ral)maral1ma tUJlahitullEhi wa barakiJbankEruhituhu 'alaynE 'ibediLE As-salamuAs+alEmu 'alayna wa'alawahl6 'iblJdil-/a hi~-~aJiheen."his+alihen." "Ash haduhdu anlianla'ildhailiha il/al/ahuillal lEhu wa ashah haduhdu an-na Mul}ammadanMul7ammadan 'abduhi 'ab~uhu wa rasOluh.rafiluh." " "AII"All compliments, all physical prayer, and all monitary worshipwonhip are for Allah. Peace be upon you, Oh0h Prophet, and Allah'sAllaht mercy and blessings.blessing. Peace be on usu and on all righteous slavesslaresof Allah." "1"l bear witness that no one is worthy of worship except Allah. And I bear witnesswitnes that Muhammad (S.A.W.l(S.A.W.}isb His slaveslare and Messenger." While reading "Ash haduhadu...... 'abduh-u...... 'abduhu wa rasiiluh."rasilluh."a person should raiserabe the index finger of his right hand slightly and return it to itsin previousprariouspositionpmition after.heafter he hashao finsihed saying it. A person praying 2 rakats only should continue to the next stage whichwfrichis Salat Alan-Nabi (Darud).(Dar[d]. STANDINGSTAf{DII{GUP FOR THIRDTHIRO RAKAT Iflf a personpenonis praying three or four rakats, then he should stand up after tashahud sayIngsaying "Allahu"All-ahu Akbar" and raising his hands as he did in Takbir Tahrimah start his recitation with "Bismillah"Bismill6h.....and.....and menthen Surah Fatihah." In the third or fourth rakat of far~fard prayer recitation of Fatihah is sufficient. There is no need to say another 41 Surah.Surah. ButBut a a pgrsonperson prayingpraying sunnatsunnat oror naflnafl praYer prayer cancan readread aa surahsurah afterafter Fatihah.Fatihah. AfterAfter recitationrecitation hehe shouldshould continuecontinue t0to completecomplete hishis thirdthird rakatrakat (or(or fourth fourth rakatrakat ifif hehe is is praying praying four).four). AtterAfter the the cornpletioncompletion ofof lrotlast rakatrakat hehe should should sitsit forfor tashahudtashahud asas describeddescribed aboveabpve (as(as hehe satsat afterafter prayingpraying 22 rakats).rakats). After TashthudTashJhud he should readread Salat Alan'ltlabiAlan-Nabi (0rr0d](Dariid) as follor,rrs:follows:- aL 3ih(J,fai,J r'&Gi,{J4 U U'giit #)\ 12+\6 {Lri>L,6-r3.1 )t,}-'i I-^+ ytir, ;#!jt$t CLs\$qk6 JJ;i,P &'54Y ;1#rol"+ltjyoa2V.y)lgi: "AlEh"Allah humma sal-lisal-Ii blE'ala Muhammadin 'atE wa 'ala ali6ti Muhimmadin,Muhammadin, . KamEKama qal-laytafal-Iayta 'ala'ald lbrEheemaIbraheema Wa'alaWahld Eliali lbrdheemaIbriheema innaka bameedumhameedum majeed."majud." "Oh"0h Allah,send grace and honour on Muhammad (S.A.W.) and On0n the family and true folloVYersfollovrnrs of Muhammad (S.A.W.), justas you sent Grace and Honour on Ibrahimlbrahim(A.S')(A.S.) and on the family and true followersfollowen of Ibrahimlbrahim(A.S.) Surely, you are praiseworthy, the G Grgat'F1!at. IJ" "Allah"AlEh humma barikbilrik 'alahll Muhammadin' wa 'alahtE alidti Muhammadin,MuQammadin, • KamaKamEblIrakta· b1rakta'all'ala Ibraheemalbraheema 'ald Wa 'ala alidli Ibraheemalbrdheema innakainnaka lJameedumfiameedum majeed.maied. "" "Qh"0h Allah,sendsend your blessing on Muhammad (S.A.W.)(S.A.W.) and thethe truetrue followersfollowers of Muhammad (S.A.W.),just(S.A.W.)riust asasyouyou sentsent blessingsblesings on0n Ibrahim lbrahim(A.S.)(A.S.) andandhishis truetrue followers.followen. Surel~Surelvryouyou areare praiseworthy, thethe Great." Great." DU'ASDU,ESAFTERAFTER SALATSALAT ALAN-NABIALAI{-I{ABI (DARUD)(DAR[D} ThereThereareare quitequite aa lotlot ofof du'asdu'dswhichwtrich ProphetProphet (S.A.W.)(S.A.W-) usedused toto saysayafter after DariidDarEdandand he he taughttaughtthemthem to to thethecompanions. companiom.HereHere wewe willwillmention mentionaafew fewofof them. them. i)i) AbdullahAbdullahbinbin Amr Amr(R.A.) (R.A.)saidsaid thatthat AbuAbu Bakr Bakr(R.A.)(R.A.) saidsaid toto the the 4242 MasengerMessenger ofof Allah,Allah, "Please'teach"Please'teach meme aa du'ddu'f soso II cantan saysay itit inin mymy prayer."prayer." SoSo the the Mesengnr Messengerofof AllahAllah (S.A.W.l(S.A.W.) said,said, Sry:-s.y:- ijl$;J-'t i t;*sA3 d,-' 3#3$ ;fin,', :i i s: yl,j; rY+4'r;7'iilJ A*-C dli'J1 r{,std)(~~.J:.J:) ~~'-a};$;-Jt "All6h"Allah hummahllmma inneeinnee zalamtuzalamtu nafseenafsee Zulman?uJman KatheranKatheeran ,, wa|wala yaghfiyaghfi ruz iunr.lbazuncJba illdilia anta faghfirlwfaghfirlee maghfiratam min 'indika, 'indika, war fiamneeI)amnee innakainnaka antalMtal ghaffirurghaflirur ral7eem."ra!)eem. " (Bukhariand Muslim). "0h"Oh Allah,I havebeen very cruel to myself(by ignoring mymy duty to you) and thereis no one who canforgive the sins'exceptExtept you. So forgiveme becauseyguyou arethe only forgiverand have mercy on me. Verily.you are the forgiver and merciful." ii) Shadad bin Aus (R.A.) reported that the Prophet of Allah (S.A.W.) used to say in his prayer:-PraYer:- ,*1 \g'-e -A \i.i il| 4 L\h\'A'ri'LI;ilti "' tA3:i{ttj 4;Y+ iJLiiffi1ii ei;3i; 'Li ufi,b1$39 r, +6Lv; ur.r" r "Allah"Alleh hUlnmahumma ininneenee as-diUas'dtukatn katn ThubatJThubatA 'azeemata filfil alnri, amri, walwal 'azeemata 'alarblar rushdi, rushd[, wawa as-alukaas-alukashukrashukra ni'matikani'matika , 'ib1datixa, , wawa I]usnal4usna'ibadatil< a, wawa as-alukaai-aluka qalbanqalban saleeman,saleeman,wa wa lisananlis-ananfacJiqan,q4diqan, wawa as-alukaas'aluka minmin khayri khaYri rnam:a Ta'lamu,Ta'lamu,wawa a'uzubikaa,uzubika minmin Shar-riShar-ri rnamE ta'lamu,ta'lamu, wawa asastaghfiruka, taghfiruka, limaIi m-ata'lamu."(Nisai).ta'lamu." ( Nisai). "Oh"0h Allah,Allah,II askaskyouyou for forstrength strengthinin every everymattermatter ofof dean deanandand aastron~ stronqwillwill power powertoto bebeon onthe theright rightpath.path. AndAnd I I askaskyouyou to to 4343 m0k0make me thankfulfor your bountirbounti. andgivegi\lR me abilityto nronhipworship you perfectly.And I askyou to makemy hoartheart rincsrssincere and my tongustongue truthful. I aakask you for cvoryevery goodnasgoodness known to you and I stekseek refugein you from arerythingeverything bad that you knowis bad. I ckask yourforgiveness for all mistakmmistakes you know." (iiil(iii) Aisha(R.A)(R.A.) reportedthat the Prophet (S.A.W.) tsedused to saythis dutdu'i in hisprayen:-prayers:- fuU+') Ft.)rfu3 1,-,tLL,4 +'ilLi Vt*nr r", t c_,\Li))jril3 r ?fu, * t;!l S J,r.F,fur tf' c'v) ;rl,rti +tbt 4+:t'A'eUii:rt "Allih"AlEh humma inneeinneeA'EiubikaA'iiiubika min AiibilAlibil qabri, wava A1iubikaA 'Uzubika min fitna tid daj-jali,dai-iEli, wa A'iiubikaA 'uzubika min fitna tiltil mal}yimabYi wal mamat.mam*t. AlfahAllih humma innee A'friuhikaA 'uzubika minal Ma'thamiMa'thami wal maghrami.maghrami.'t'1 (Bukhari{Bukhariand Muslim).Mrslim}. 1I0h"0h Allah I seek refuge in you from the punishment of the grave, and I seek refuge in you from the troublestroublc of daj-jal,dqi'ial, and I seek refuge in you from the difficulties and troubles of the life and death. Oh0h Allah, I seek refuge in you from everynrery kind of sin and unexpected troubles." 'F6}\+j rL9-+ i+i'r;:i"ltl+1,;:&*r 5