Ethiopian Veterinary Association Proceedings of the 11Th Conference
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Ethiopian Veterinary Association Proceedings of the 11th Conference June 1997 Table of contents Address: Sheep health management issues in north shoa: an overview i Efficacy of panacure, rintal and deuxamine against field Editorial EVA Infections of gastro-intestinal parasites in goats 15 P.O. Box 2462 Addis Ababa Epidemiology of bovine fascioliasis in woredas of south gondar Tel: 15-83-39 administrative zone bordering lake tana 20 Effect of level of concentrate supplementation on reproductive performance of crossbred heifers 32 Disease and dogs as threats tothe endangered ethiopian wolf (canis simensis) 38 Code of veterinary ethics for veterinarians practicing in Ethiopia 51 Community based tsetse and trypanosomiasis control Pilot programme using deltamethrin in Konso, Southern Ethiopia 57 Office Location: Treatment trial of sub-clinical mastitis with a polygonaceae herb 66 Compound of region 14 Agricultural Bureaux, Early history of rinderpest epidemic : social, economical and Addis Ababa political crisis in ethiopian history 76 Veterinary services in federal states: an example 83 Lumpy skin disease at kality (bovine nodular dermatitis 89 Epizootic lymphangitis: treatment trial with topical and systemic therapy using iodides and hyperimmune serum 94 Please forward Preliminary survey of bovine gastrointestinal parasites in Diga Leka Woreda 98 Membership fee to: Commercial Bank of Prostaglandin f^ metabolite and progesterone profiles in relation to bacterial Ethiopia, Findings in post-partum cows with and without retained fetal membranes 98 Addis Ababa Branch, Production of bull Semen at Kality 99 Account no: i 600-87791 Preliminary survey of the intermediate host snails of liver flukes in Shoa Administrative Region 100 Suspected cases of hypovitaminosis a in calves, in dera and assessment of clinical sings, injectable vitamin a supplementation and management practice, as a diagnostic method of calves hypovitaminosis A 105 Ethnoveterinary knowledge in central highlands of Ethiopia community - based primary animal health care : |^far pastoral development pilot project experience 110 126 Community based primary animal health ■*care Sponsored by: High mortality of livestock associated with algae toxicity in arsi and bale zone 139 The Ethiopian Science & Technology Commission Tsetse & trypanosomiasis distribution, identification and assessment of and SSDA the socio-economic viabilities of the new vector central approaches in Arba Minch Zuria Woreda 143 Sheep Health Management Issues in North Shoa: Art overview I R 's e r • • ‘ I t t Assefa Deressa Sheno Agricultural Research Center, <!K:i ‘ « P.O. Box 112, Debre Berhan. “Id u«VK (/vYC<;x Summary Health disorders in all classes of sheep flock represent a factor that greatly affects the economics of sheep production. The occurrence of sheep disease can be traced mainly to insufficient hygiene, inappropriate feeding and husbandry, as well as specific infectious diseases. Therefore, confirmed laboratory diagnosis based on epidemiological information, prevention and therapy are yet health management issues in the central cool highlands of Ethiopia. The following presentation gives an overview of many of sheep health problems in this area that are relevant and of economic significance in North Shoa and tries to assess the status of sheep health research activities undertaken b> different institutions, research gaps and future directions. 1. Introduction The livestock sector in North Shoa is of considerable importance to the national economy and to the subsistence of the farming population. The productivity of the sector being very low and with a broad panorama of animal disease, there is great scope for improvement. The low value of an individual animal with its present poor productivity often argues against necessary treatment and prophylactic efforts and farmer awareness of animal health is poorly developed, constraining veterinary activities. Lack of availability of drugs and inadequate utilization and evaluation of traditional medicinal plants which are abundantly available in North Shoa are also impending control measures. Like elsewhere, in the world, livestock in this zone is plagued by a host of infectious diseases. There are difficulties to control transmissible disease because of the movement of livestock herds, insufficient disease investigation and control measures. Vaccination campaigns being undertaken in the area are temporary solutions where other measures of disease control are inadequate. The production of the biological being dispatched are not supported with follow up field research to have a feed back information on their efficacy and utilization at the farm level. Parasites are also important causes of disease and productivity losses, particularly helminth infections are among the most prevalent and widely distributed ones. Among the common health problems, bacterial and parasitic respiratory infections which are accompanied by the pre-disposing factors like shortage of feeds, inadequate veterinary service and clemency of cool weather in the area are immense. Besides ovine pasteurellosis complicated with multifactorial causative agents and verminous pneumonia which is locally known as "ENGEB" as an indication of a respiratory s>ndrome dyspnoea that has been described by all stock owners is the main cause of sheep mortality. Fascioliasis locally called "WODOMA" is complicated with black disease (Clostridium novyi), parasitic gastro enteritis (PGE), other infectious diseases like sheep pox, foot rot, contagious ophthalmia, foot and mouth disease, reproductive wastage, surgical and traumatic disease are the major ones. Animal heakh research in North Shoa is still at an early stage of development even though a full time sheep health research activities were started since the foundation of International Livestock Centre in Africa (ILCA) station around Debre Berhan. Other institutions like Shola Regional Veterinary Laboratory, National Veterinary Institute and Sheno Agricultural Research Centre were also dealing with sheep health research whose results have been partially or fully published. However, still much has not been done on other livestock species. Ethiopian Veterinary Association 11th Proceeding Page 1 2. PRODUCTION SYSTEM i . _ ■< ditional fanning system of North Sh< jjonsists of crop livestock production system with itial livestock resource. At very (abijve 3000m) agricultural production is limited jcold and precipitous terrain to barli terns* Sheep are kept in large flock sizes of up to •ck sizes in the highland field crijjps, $|tem varies markedly from small flocks of 2 -10 o medium flocks of 10- 30 depending tori lg intensity. Sheep pocks surveyed in the region consists of tii* ;§rq^itions of breeding females (60%) and young stock m % ) with a lower proportions ( ^ )io fi While the ratio of males of less th in one year old with females; of the same*** sjtoost 1:1, the ratio for older males to females of the sai ip age class appears to be 1:10 - 26 fA ? et al., 1985; Zelalem and Fletcher, 1993; SRC, 1996). This implies the heavy offtake of younjgjj |als particularly of males at an early age prior to attain* g mature body weight. Menzfc shew bi i@ype& are found in North Shoa and some exotic genot) )es like Awassi, Cooridale, Hamps ’ sen imported for crossbreeding purposes with farmer i, but crossbred sheep as yet repregen&ily i small proportion of the total population. Sheep produc ion relies on communal grazing, M ow *1j id, crop residues with no supplementary feeding and mi rimum health interventions. Maying ijs uric |lled with one to three rams run. together with the flock t iroughout the year which results ik yie )ing with a peak in certain periods. Docking the fat ail of breeding females for ease Of r j Ijfis commonly practised. Traditional castration of rams ii common among the majdrity of|a sti|tes are supplemented with grains and pulses for salt during festival periods when both d( ride increase. As to hp the vast potential of livestock st m ^in North Shoa a holistic approach to the major constn ints is essential issue in which ?h is one important case to be given due consid ration and, hence, animal io*ild be launched towards effective disease investi #tion, diagnostic works and evaluate : It is along this line that sheep research program in Nor i Shoa was officially vested in lAR| search Centre) to give more emphasis to sheep impro\ sinent programs. Since 995, Animal Health Division has bf Ited to execute sheep health research program, though it does not seem to have received as,., iition as it deserves. The objective of the division is to as ure the survival of the experimental j ^greventing excessive mortality in the flock which to a gr &t extent depends on the treatment lentation of vaccination programs against major disease The second remote pjbjective fot ie; improvement of the general welfare of the commilnity which can give attention tb ' health problems affecting the herd/flock and d ial animal in the mandate area. Therefore, this paper tries to assess the status|ofshe|p health research activities undertaken by different institui MISin North Shoa, research gaps andfutureJ§tf&tions in North Shoa.t 3. Statis of Sheep Health Research in Norttii Shoa In orde to utilise the existing sheep resource? in Nti . research work has been started by various instituti aris. Recently, Sheno sheep research has been engaged with the major health constrapits to sheep production that are p|teritii and that have not been adequately so far in the area.