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June, 2016 Arba Minch, Ethiopia ARBA MINCH UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY A STUDY ON MEDICINAL PLANTS OF GAMO PEOPLE: THE CASE OF BONKE WOREDA, SNNPR, ETHIOPIA A Thesis submitted to the School of Graduate Studies of Arba Minch University Department of Biology in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Botanical Sciences BY BISHAW BAYE WOLDEAMANUEL (ID RMSC058/06) Advisor: FELEKE WOLDEYES (PhD) June, 2016 Arba Minch, Ethiopia I APPROVALPAGE This research paper entitled ‘A Study onMedicinal Plants of Gamo People: the Case of Bonke Woreda, SNNPR, Ethiopia’ is submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Master of Science in botanical Science. Submitted By Signature Date Bishaw Baye ___________ __________ Approved By: Advisor: Feleke Woldeyes (PhD) ___________ __________ Department Head: Zeleke Assefa __________ __________ Examiner: ___________ ___________ __________ II Acknowledgments First of all, I would like to express my honest gratitude to my advisor Dr. Feleke Woldeyes for his unlimited and constant encouragement at all steps of my study. I would also like to appreciate him for his immeasurable guidance, ideas, opinions and other support required for this research work. I would like to thank local peoples of Bonke Wereda for their willingness to deliver important information to my inquiries to share their knowledge about ethnomedicinal uses of medicinal plants. I would also like to express my deepest thanks to my field guide Melkamu Belay and Eyasu Desalegn who greatly helped me in data collection. I also acknowledge the support extended by Bonke Wereda Administration, the Woreda Agricultural and Rural Development Office and the Wereda Health center for their all-round support that allowed the smooth running of my field work and secondary data collection. My deepest thanks also go to National Meteorological Agency for provision of climate data of the area. I would like to thank Ato Bedilu Bekele and Ato Mulugeta Kibebew for their help in plant species identification at the field as well as in Arbaminch University. I am indebted to my Brother Chane Baye and all my sisters for their honest and continuous moral, financial psychological support. I also acknowledge the Post Graduate School and the Department of Biology of Arba Minch University for providing me the study opportunity. Last, but not least, I would like to express my thanks to my teachers, classmates s, friends and my husband Yoseph Kassaye who helped me towards the success of my studies. III Table of content Title ..................................................................................................................... page List of Tables ............................................................................................................ I List of Figures ......................................................................................................... II Acronyms and Abbreviations .............................................................................. IV ABSTRACT .............................................................................................................. V 1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................ 1 1.1. Background and Justification ............................................................................................... 1 1.2. Research Questions .............................................................................................................. 4 1.3. Objectives of the study......................................................................................................... 5 1.3.1. General Objective ......................................................................................................... 5 1.3.2. Specific Objectives ....................................................................................................... 5 2. LITRATURE REVIEW ...................................................................................... 6 2.1. Plant and people interaction ................................................................................................. 6 2.2. Traditional medicinal plants ................................................................................................ 7 2.3. Indigenous Knowledge and medicinal plant ........................................................................ 8 2.4. Medicinal plants in Ethiopia ................................................................................................ 9 2.4.1 Overview of medicinal plants situation in Ethiopia ....................................................... 9 2.4.2. Medicinal plant diversity and distribution in Ethiopia ................................................. 9 2.4.3 Role of medicinal plants in Ethiopia ............................................................................ 10 2.4.3.1 Medicinal plants in human healthcare system ...................................................... 10 2.4.3.2 Medicinal plants in livestock healthcare system ................................................... 11 2.4.4 Transfer of traditional medicinal knowledge in Ethiopia ............................................ 12 2.5. Threats and conservation of Traditional Medicinal Plant in Ethiopia ............................... 13 2.5.1 Threats to medicinal plants .......................................................................................... 13 IV 2.5.2 .Threats to indigenous knowledge on medicinal plants ............................................... 14 2.5.3 Conservation and management of medical plants ....................................................... 14 3. MATERIALS AND METHODS ...................................................................... 16 3.1 Description of the Study Area ............................................................................................. 16 3.1.1 Geographical Location ................................................................................................. 16 3.1.2 Climate ......................................................................................................................... 17 3.1.3 Soil and vegetation ....................................................................................................... 17 3.2 People and livelihoods ........................................................................................................ 18 3.2.1 Population .................................................................................................................... 18 3.2.2 Healthcare status .......................................................................................................... 18 3.2.3 Livestock ...................................................................................................................... 19 3.2.4 Land use and agriculture .............................................................................................. 19 3.2.5 Reconnaissance survey and Sampling of study villages .............................................. 21 3.2.6 Sampling of study plot ................................................................................................. 21 3.2.7 Sampling of informants.............................................................................................. 21 3.3 Ethno botanical Data Collection ......................................................................................... 22 3.3.1 Interview and group discussion ................................................................................... 22 3.3.2 Market survey .............................................................................................................. 22 3.3.3. Home garden and field survey .................................................................................... 23 3.3.4. Plant specimen collection and identification .............................................................. 23 3.4 Data Analysis ...................................................................................................................... 23 3.4.1 Descriptive statistics .................................................................................................... 23 3.4.2 Use value and Informant Consensus Factor ................................................................. 23 3.4.3 Preference Ranking ...................................................................................................... 25 3.4.4 Paired comparison ........................................................................................................ 25 3.4.5 Direct matrix ranking ................................................................................................... 25 3.4.6 Fidelity level index ...................................................................................................... 26 4. RESULTS ........................................................................................................... 27 4.1. Medicinal plant resources of Bonke .................................................................................. 27 V 4.1.1. Medicinal plants used to treat human ailments ........................................................... 27 4.1.2. Medicinal plants used to treat livestock ailments ....................................................... 27 4.1.3. Medicinal plants used to treat both human and livestock ailments ............................ 28 4.2. Source habitats of medicinal plants ..................................................................................
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