DOCSLIB.ORG

Discovering Edom Polish Archaeological Activity in Southern Jordan

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Discovering Edom Polish Archaeological Activity in Southern Jordan Discovering Edom Polish archaeological activity in southern Jordan Discovering Edom Polish archaeological activity in southern Jordan edited by Piotr Kołodziejczyk Kraków 2018 Reviewer: Klaudia Stala Editor: Piotr Kołodziejczyk Project Coordinator: Katarzyna Radziwiłko Translation and proofreading: Authors, Magdalena Rot, Piotr Godlewski, Mikołaj Przywara, Keith Horechka, Eliot Braun Photographs: Piotr Kołodziejczyk, Maciej Bernaś, Kamil Kopij, Adam Koprowski, Jarosław P. Bodzek, Barbara Witkowska, Katarzyna Radziwiłko, Michał Wasilewski, Agnieszka Ochał-Czarnowicz, Przemysław Nocuń Layout and setting: Wydawnictwo Profil-Archeo Magdalena Dzięgielewska Kraków 2018 ISBN 978-83-952339-4-4 (Profil-Archeo) ISBN 978-83-948382-8-7 (Jagiellonian University, Institute of Archaeology) DOI 10.33547/DiscEdom2019 Publishers: Wydawnictwo Profil-Archeo Magdalena Dzięgielewska Euclid Foundation for Science Popularization Institute of Archaeology, Jagiellonian University Task financed under the agreement no. 951/P-DUN/2018 from the funds of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education for activities promoting science. Zadanie finansowane w ramach umowy nr 951/P-DUN/2018 ze środków Mini- sterstwa Nauki i Szkolnictwa Wyższego przeznaczonych na działalność upowszech- niającą naukę © Copyright by the Euclid Foundation for Science Popularization & Institute of Archaeology, Jagiellonian University in Kraków CONTENTS Discovering Edom, Piotr Kołodziejczyk, Katarzyna Radziwiłko............. 7 1. Polish archaeological contribution to the research and protection of Middle Eastern cultural heritage. Remarks on the last decades, Piotr Kołodziejczyk.................................................................................... 11 2. HLC Project 2014-2019. Research activity of Jagiellonian University in southern Jordan, Piotr Kołodziejczyk.................................................... 31 3. Results of "Archaeological Study of Dajaniya & Tuwaneh" (ArTu: DTu) 2018 survey of Dajaniya (Ma’an-Husseiniyeh), Southern Jor- dan, Jarosław Bodzek, Kamil Kopij, Łukasz Miszk, Paweł Ćwiąkała, Edyta Puniach, Małgorzata Kajzer, Agnieszka Ochałek, Dawid Mrocheń, Aleksandra Słodowska, Katarzyna Sawicka, Kacper Widuch, Hubert Dec, Maciej Bernaś, Justyna Ruchała, Paulina Cierplich, Gabriela Maniak, Dajana Mielczarek.................................................................................... 51 4. Results of "Archaeological Study of Dajaniya & Tuwaneh" (ArTu: DTu) 2018 survey in Tuwaneh (Tafila-Hesa), Southern Jordan, Jarosław Bodzek, Kamil Kopij, Łukasz Miszk, Paweł Ćwiąkała, Edyta Puniach, Małgorzata Kajzer, Agnieszka Ochałek, Dawid Mrocheń, Aleksandra Słodowska, Katarzyna Sawicka, Kacper Widuch, Hubert Dec, Maciej Bernaś, Anna Wójcik.................................................................................................. 69 5. Preliminary report from the excavations at the site of Qasr ed-Deir (At-Tafila) in the season of 2017, Przemysław Nocuń, Agnieszka Ochał-Czarnowicz................................................................ 87 6. Archaeological tourism: a chance or a threat to southern Jordanian community. Case study of HLC Project, Katarzyna Radziwiłko .......... 99 7. Nature, science and tourism. Polish research on the natural envi- ronment of southern Jordan and the tourist potential of the region, Michał Wasilewski..................................................................................... 121 8. My encounters with the language and culture of Jordan. Polish stu- dents in Jordan, Diana Pokrzywa............................................................ 143 Arabic summary) 154) فاشتكا |مودإ ةكلمم .9 DISCOVERING EDOM There are places on Earth that are truly unique – so saturated with traces of the past that they almost echo with the voices of people who lived there centuries ago. Stroll- ing through the wilderness of southern Jordan or visiting desert archaeological sites in this part of Jordan, we discover not only monuments and details about the life of past communities, but also today’s problems of their protection, conservation and often complicated functioning in the modern world. Being a treasury of knowledge about our past, southern Jordan – the historical land of Edom – should be a constant field of scientific activity that can offer not only new monuments or traces of the past, but also an enormous amount of information that will allow us to expand our knowledge about ancient times. The archaeologist’s privilege is not only to study the past and come into contact with monuments, but also to rejoice in the beauty of this region and to experi- ence the friendliness and hospitality of the people who live in this unique place. In 2014, a series of new Polish research projects began in southern Jordan. Archae- ologists and students from the Jagiellonian University are conducting surface research and excavations within the districts of At-Tafila and Ma’an. The projects are directed by a group of scientists from the Institute of Archaeology of the Jagiellonian Univer- sity. In cooperation with the Jordanian Department of Antiquity, Polish researchers are looking for traces of human activity in this area dated from the Stone Age to the Middle Ages. The area of exploration and research is located in the vicinity of impor- tant archaeological sites such as the Edomite capital of Buseira and the Sela rock cliff, and also near Wadi Feynan – the famous copper valley which played a key role in the production of this raw material and its export to neighbouring areas, especially in the Bronze Age. Also standing in this part of Jordan are its most famous monument, Petra the rock city of the Nabataeans, and the crusaders’ castle in Shawbak. The longest-lasting research activity of the Kraków archaeologists is a project devoted to the period of the Bronze Age. Findings from this period can help an- swer questions about the presence and activity of human groups during this period in Edom. The long-term goal of the research is to search for and analyse the routes and paths of movements of people in prehistoric periods in this area, as well as environ- mental changes and their impacts on the functioning of past societies. The whole of DISCOVERING EDOM 8 the activities and research undertaken as part of the project is the beginning of a broad body of work aimed at getting to know the region and describing its cultural land- scape and the role of environmental changes in its transformation. This project will help scientists understand the region’s functioning across the centuries, and also aid its development by identifying tourist attractions and drawing attention to cultural and environmental attributes worth protecting and popularizing. The works of the Kraków researchers in Jordan have been recognized by the Na- tional Science Centre, which provided a grant to expand them in order to learn more about the history of southern Jordan in the Bronze Age, the exploration of which is one of the most interesting research problems of contemporary archaeology in the Middle East. This period, which lasted approximately 1,750 years (3700–1950 BC), was full of events and changes crucial for the development of human culture. The first centres of urban character were created, the technology of production of many objects developed (e.g. metallurgy), and long-distance trade flourished. The areas of Egypt and the Middle East saw a barrage of social changes in this period: the birth of the first kingdoms of a spatial nature (Egypt in the predynastic, archaic and Old Kingdom periods) and city-states controlling minor areas (Mesopotamia, Syria-Palestine); the shaping and gradual deepening of the hierarchical, complicated structure of individual communities; and the development of cults and funerary customs. Writing appeared for the first time as well as developed ideology of power and religion. Population shifts and the impact of mobile nomadic groups are evident, especially in southern Jordan, which could not remain an empty area, lying in the vicinity of dynamically changing areas. Through archaeological excavations on selected sites, the researchers from Kraków are trying to describe the stages of human activity of this period. The aim of the analyses will also be to answer the question about possible contacts of the region with Egypt and the rest of the Levant, i.e. the areas where important changes took place at that time, and where the state of research on the Bronze Age is more ad- vanced. Excavation works are supplemented with specialist laboratory analyses, thanks to which it is possible to establish the exact age of discovered relics, as well as the methods of their production and use. A little later, the work of two more Polish projects began. The first of them con- cerns the period of the Middle Ages. Archaeologists are exploring the castle-monas- tery located in the area of At-Tafila – Qasr ed-Deir. After the initial seasons we may assume that Qasr ed-Deir should be seen as a compact, multiphase complex and its origins should most probably be dated to the Roman – Byzantine Period. The complex was developed and reconstructed more than once and the last great alterations should DISCOVERING EDOM 9 be dated to the Mamluk period. The future analysis of the stratigraphy of masonry elements combined with the analysis of the archaeological material should yield more precise results (as the archaeological excavations are hopefully to be continued in the following years). The second of the above-mentioned projects is focused on the Roman period
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Amman, Jordan Disaster Risk Management Profile Last Update July, 2006
    Amman, Jordan Disaster Risk Management Profile Last Update July, 2006 1 Introduction........................................................................................................... 2 Demographic, economic, social and cultural characteristics .................................... 2 Governance style ..................................................................................................... 3 National hazardscape .............................................................................................. 4 National disaster management structure and relevant legislation ............................ 4 National land use management system and relevant legislation.............................. 8 Significance of the city to the nation......................................................................... 8 Geographical setting of the City ............................................................................... 9 2 Inter-City Linkages................................................................................................ 9 Internal division of the City ....................................................................................... 9 Governance/management style ............................................................................. 10 Formal arrangements............................................................................................. 10 Relevant legislation/regulations ............................................................................. 10 3 Land Use Management .....................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Omar Ibn Said a Spoleto Festival USA Workbook Artwork by Jonathan Green This Workbook Is Dedicated to Omar Ibn Said
    Omar Ibn Said A Spoleto Festival USA Workbook Artwork by Jonathan Green This workbook is dedicated to Omar Ibn Said. About the Artist Jonathan Green is an African American visual artist who grew up in the Gullah Geechee community in Gardens Corner near Beaufort, South Carolina. Jonathan’s paintings reveal the richness of African American culture in the South Carolina countryside and tell the story of how Africans like Omar Ibn Said, managed to maintain their heritage despite their enslavement in the United States. About Omar Ibn Said This workbook is about Omar Ibn Said, a man of great resilience and perseverance. Born around 1770 in Futa Toro, a rich land in West Africa that is now in the country of Senegal on the border of Mauritania, Omar was a Muslim scholar who studied the religion of Islam, among other subjects, for more than 25 years. When Omar was 37, he was captured, enslaved, and transported to Charleston, where he was sold at auction. He remained enslaved until he died in 1863. In 1831, Omar wrote his autobiography in Arabic. It is considered the only autobiography written by an enslaved person—while still enslaved—in the United States. Omar’s writing contains much about Islam, his religion while he lived in Futa Toro. In fact, many Africans who were enslaved in the United States were Muslim. In his autobiography, Omar makes the point that Christians enslaved and sold him. He also writes of how his owner, Jim Owen, taught him about Jesus. Today, Omar’s autobiography is housed in the Library of Congress.
    [Show full text]
  • Mammals of Jordan
    © Biologiezentrum Linz/Austria; download unter www.biologiezentrum.at Mammals of Jordan Z. AMR, M. ABU BAKER & L. RIFAI Abstract: A total of 78 species of mammals belonging to seven orders (Insectivora, Chiroptera, Carni- vora, Hyracoidea, Artiodactyla, Lagomorpha and Rodentia) have been recorded from Jordan. Bats and rodents represent the highest diversity of recorded species. Notes on systematics and ecology for the re- corded species were given. Key words: Mammals, Jordan, ecology, systematics, zoogeography, arid environment. Introduction In this account we list the surviving mammals of Jordan, including some reintro- The mammalian diversity of Jordan is duced species. remarkable considering its location at the meeting point of three different faunal ele- Table 1: Summary to the mammalian taxa occurring ments; the African, Oriental and Palaearc- in Jordan tic. This diversity is a combination of these Order No. of Families No. of Species elements in addition to the occurrence of Insectivora 2 5 few endemic forms. Jordan's location result- Chiroptera 8 24 ed in a huge faunal diversity compared to Carnivora 5 16 the surrounding countries. It shelters a huge Hyracoidea >1 1 assembly of mammals of different zoogeo- Artiodactyla 2 5 graphical affinities. Most remarkably, Jordan Lagomorpha 1 1 represents biogeographic boundaries for the Rodentia 7 26 extreme distribution limit of several African Total 26 78 (e.g. Procavia capensis and Rousettus aegypti- acus) and Palaearctic mammals (e. g. Eri- Order Insectivora naceus concolor, Sciurus anomalus, Apodemus Order Insectivora contains the most mystacinus, Lutra lutra and Meles meles). primitive placental mammals. A pointed snout and a small brain case characterises Our knowledge on the diversity and members of this order.
    [Show full text]
  • Downloaded From
    Hunter-Gatherer Continuity: the Transition from the Epipalaeolithic to the Neolithic in Syria Akkermans, P.M.M.G. Citation Akkermans, P. M. M. G. (2004). Hunter-Gatherer Continuity: the Transition from the Epipalaeolithic to the Neolithic in Syria. In . British Archaeological Reports, Oxford. Retrieved from https://hdl.handle.net/1887/9832 Version: Not Applicable (or Unknown) License: Leiden University Non-exclusive license Downloaded from: https://hdl.handle.net/1887/9832 Note: To cite this publication please use the final published version (if applicable). HUNTER-GATHERER CONTINUITY: THE TRANSITION FROM THE EPIPALAEOLITHIC TO THE NEOLITHIC IN SYRIA Peter M.M.G. AKKERMANS ABSTRACT Small, short-term hunter-gatherer occupations, rather than large, permanently occupied farming villages, were the rule in Syria in the early Neolithic, ca. 10,000-7500 BC. The sedentary lifestyle seems to have appealed only to a small number of people for a very long time. The handful of larger hunter-gatherer settlements of this period, characterized by sometimes long sequences and complex architecture, served ritual purposes, in addition to their role in domestic contexts. The communities, large and small, had much in common with their Epipalaeolithic forebears; profound changes in the forager lifestyle took place late in the Neolithic sequence. RÉSUMÉ Des installations temporaires de saille réduite, occupées par des chasseurs-cueilleurs, semblent avoir été la règle en Syrie au Néolithique ancien (ça. 10 000-7500 BC}, plutôt que des villages permanents occupés par des cultivateurs. La vie sédentaire semble n'avoir attiré pendant longtemps que peu de gens. La poignée d'installations plus importantes datant de cette période, et qui sont caractérisées par une séquence longue et une architecture complexe, ont aussi servi à des activités rituelles à côté de leur rote dans les activités domestiques.
    [Show full text]
  • Torah on Tap Amalek! 2008/03/Finding -Amalek.Html
    Torah on Tap Amalek! http://rabbiseinfeld.blogspot.com/ 2008/03/finding -amalek.html Genesis 36: And Esau dwelt in the mountain-land of Seir--Esau is 8 ח ַוֵּיֶׁשבֵּ עָׂשו ְּבַהֵּר שִעיר, ֵּעָׂשו הּוא .Edom ֱאדֹום. And these are the generations of Esau the father of a 9 ט ְּוֵּאֶׁלה תְֹּּלדֹותֵּ עָׂשו, ֲאִבי ֱאדֹום, .the Edomites in the mountain-land of Seir ְּבַהר, ֵּשִעיר. These are the chiefs of the sons of Esau: the sons of 15 טו ֵּאֶׁלה, ַאלֵּּופי ְּבֵּני-ֵּעָׂשו: ְּבֵּני Eliphaz the first-born of Esau: the chief of Teman, the ֱאִלַיפז, ְּבכֹורֵּ עָׂשו--ַאלֵּּוף תיָׂמן ,chief of Omar, the chief of Zepho, the chief of Kenaz ַאלּוף אָֹׂומר, ַאלְּּוף צפֹו ַאלּוףְּקַנז. the chief of Korah, the chief of Gatam, the chief of 16 טז ַאלּוף- ַקֹּרחַאלּוף ַגְּעָׂתם, Amalek. These are the chiefs that came of Eliphaz in ַאלּוףֲ עָׂמֵּלק; ֵּאֶׁלה ַאלֵּּופי ֱאִלַיפ ז .the land of Edom. These are the sons of Adah ְּבֶׁאֶׁרֱץאדֹום, ֵּאֶׁלְּה בֵּניָׂ עָׂדה. When Esau was getting old, he called in his grandson Amalek and said: "I tried to kill Jacob but was unable. Now I am entrusting you and your descendents with the important mission of annihilating Jacob's descendents -- the Jewish people. Carry out this deed for me. Be relentless and do not show mercy." (Midrashim Da’at and Hadar, summarised from Legends of the Jews volume 6 – Louis Ginzburg p.23) Exodus 17: Then came Amalek, and fought with Israel in 8 ח ַוָׂיבֹּא, ֲעָׂמֵּלק; ַוִיָׂלֶׁחםִעם- .Rephidim ִיְּשָׂרֵּאל, ִבְּרִפִידם. ,And Moses said unto Joshua: 'Choose us out men 9 ט ַויֶֹּׁאמֶׁר מֹּשה ֶׁאל-ְּיֻׁהֹושַע ְּבַח ר- and go out, fight with Amalek; tomorrow I will stand ָׂלנּו ֲאָׂנִשים, ְּוֵּצאִ הָׂלֵּחם ַבֲעָׂמֵּלק; '.on the top of the hill with the rod of God in my hand ָׂמָׂחר, ָאנִֹּכי ִנָׂצב ַעל-רֹּאשַ הִגְּבָׂעה, ַּומֵּטה ָׂהֱאלִֹּהים, ְּבָׂיִדי.
    [Show full text]
  • The Unforgiven Ones
    The Unforgiven Ones 1 God These are the generations of Esau (that is, Edom). 2 Esau took his wives from the Canaanites: Adah the daughter of Elon the Hittite, Oholibamah the daughter of Anah the daughter of Zibeon the Hivite, 3 and Basemath, Ishmael's daughter, the sister of Nebaioth. 4 And Adah bore to Esau, Eliphaz; Basemath bore Reuel; 5 and Oholibamah bore Jeush, Jalam, and Korah. These are the sons of Esau who were born to him in the land of Canaan. 6 Then Esau took his wives, his sons, his daughters, and all the members of his household, his livestock, all his beasts, and all his property that he had acquired in the land of Canaan. He went into a land away from his brother Jacob. 7 For their possessions were too great for them to dwell together. The land of their sojournings could not support them because of their livestock. 8 So Esau settled in the hill country of Seir. (Esau is Edom.) 9 These are the generations of Esau the father of the Edomites in the hill country of Seir. 10 These are the names of Esau's sons: Eliphaz the son of Adah the wife of Esau, Reuel the son of Basemath the wife of Esau. 11 The sons of Eliphaz were Teman, Omar, Zepho, Gatam, and Kenaz. 12 (Timna was a concubine of Eliphaz, Esau's son; she bore Amalek to Eliphaz.) These are the sons of Adah, Esau's wife. 13 These are the sons of Reuel: Nahath, Zerah, Shammah, and Mizzah.
    [Show full text]
  • Study Genesis 36
    A dash between two dates Intro: even though we know by now that money will not make us happy that family will not make us fulfilled and that power will not make us immortal we seem to want to find out for ourselves Problem: Ecclesiastes 2:1-11 Esau is an illustration of Solomon’s experiment - he is a man whose heart is set upon the world - as we behold his wealth, his legacy, his power, and the meaninglessness of it all, ask yourself the question…. Main Idea: what good is your wealth what good is your legacy what good is your power without God? Implication: what good is wealth without wisdom? what good is a legacy without life? what good is power without permanence? what good is any of it without God? Application: Judges 10:1-5 like all of us Esau had a dash between two dates - his wealth, his legacy and his power ultimately meant nothing more than these guys -what will yours mean? Articles to read for further study: https://www.gotquestions.org/wealth-Christian.html https://www.desiringgod.org/topics/parenting# https://www.gotquestions.org/Christian-politics.html A dash between two dates text: What good is your wealth what good is your power Gen. 36:1 ¶ These are the generations of Esau (that is, Edom). Gen. 36:15 ¶ These are the chiefs of the sons of Esau. The sons of Gen. 36:2 Esau took his wives from the Canaanites: Adah the daughter Eliphaz the firstborn of Esau: the chiefs Teman, Omar, Zepho, Kenaz, of Elon the Hittite, Oholibamah the daughter of Anah the daughter of Gen.
    [Show full text]
  • Ryszard F. Mazurowski Tell Qaramel Excavations, 2002
    Ryszard F. Mazurowski Tell Qaramel Excavations, 2002 Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean 14, 315-330 2003 TELL QARAMEL SYRIA TELL QARAMEL EXCAVATIONS, 2002 Ryszard F. Mazurowski The fourth season of excavations at Tell Qaramel took place from April 10 to May 20, 2002.1) The season was devoted to a continued exploration of the Pre-Pottery Neolithic A settlement located on the lowest part of the southern slope of the tell in squares K-6 a,c, K-5 b,d, L-4 a,c. The discovery of a “grill-building” necessitated the extension of the trench into squares L-3a, K-4 b,d and K-3b. New trenches K-7, K-6 b and L-6 a were opened east of square J-7 b,d, where the ruins of a PPNA circular tower had been found and excavated to the level of the foundations in the previous season. In order to reach the eastern half of this tower (and potential elements of a defense system) it was necessary to remove the 2-m thick accumulation representing later occupation from the Bronze and Early Iron ages. 1) The project is a joint undertaking of the Polish Centre of Archaeology of Warsaw University and the Direction Générale des Antiquités et Musées of Syria, with substantial support from the Institute of Archaeology of Warsaw University. The Mission is indebted to the then Director General Dr. Abdel Razzaq Moaz for his unfailing help, kindness and interest. Words of thanks are also due the staff of the Regional Directorate of Antiquities in Aleppo and its Director, Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Tell Qaramel. Excavations 2000. Polish Archaeology In
    TELL QARAMEL SYRIA TELL QARAMEL EXCAVATIONS 2000 Ryszard F. Mazurowski, Bassam Jamous The archaeological excavations on Tell Qaramel are a Polish and Syrian joint project supervised by the Polish Center of Archaeology of Warsaw University and the Directorate General of Antiquities and Museums in Damascus.1) The project is also partly sponsored by the Institute of Archaeology of Warsaw University. Excavations were conducted from April 14 to May 15, 2000. 1) The Mission would like to express its gratitude to Prof. Dr. Sultan Muheisen, Director General of the Directorate General of Antiquities and Museums in Damascus, for his continuous help, kindness and friendly support. We also feel much indebted to the staff of the Regional Directorate of Antiquities in Aleppo, especially to the Director, Dr. Wahid Khayyata, and also to Engineer Yusef Mohammad Al Delidie and Mr. Samer Abdel Ghafour, who were working with us on the site. The expedition was directed by Prof. Dr. Ryszard F. Mazurowski and Mr. Nazir Awad. The staff included on the Polish side: Dr. Dorota £awecka, Ms Katarzyna Januszek, Mr. Grzegorz Ka³wak, Mr. Piotr Karczmarek, Mr. £ukasz Rutkowski, archaeologists; assisted by students from the Institute of Archaeology of Warsaw University: Ms Ma³gorzata Chaciñska, Mr. Artur Domañski, Ms Renata Maskowicz and Ms Wese³a Wojnarowicz. 327 TELL QARAMEL SYRIA GENERAL REMARKS The chief objectives of the second field situated on the right (western) bank of the season on Tell Qaramel,2) which is a site River Qoueiq, c. 25 km north of Aleppo Fig. 1. Tell Qaramel. Plan of the tell with trenches excavated in 1999-2000 (Drawing R.
    [Show full text]
  • Tafila Region Wind Power Projects Cumulative Effects Assessment © International Finance Corporation 2017
    Tafila Region Wind Power Projects Cumulative Effects Assessment © International Finance Corporation 2017. All rights reserved. 2121 Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20433 Internet: www.ifc.org The material in this work is copyrighted. Copying and/or transmitting portions or all of this work without permission may be a violation of applicable law. IFC encourages dissemination of its work and will normally grant permission to reproduce portions of the work promptly, and when the reproduction is for educational and non-commercial purposes, without a fee, subject to such attributions and notices as we may reasonably require. IFC does not guarantee the accuracy, reliability or completeness of the content included in this work, or for the conclusions or judgments described herein, and accepts no responsibility or liability for any omissions or errors (including, without limitation, typographical errors and technical errors) in the content whatsoever or for reliance thereon. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this volume do not necessarily reflect the views of the Executive Directors of The World Bank or the governments they represent. The contents of this work are intended for general informational purposes only and are not intended to constitute legal, securities, or investment advice, an opinion regarding the appropriateness of any investment, or a solicitation of any type. IFC or its affiliates may have an investment in, provide other advice or services to, or otherwise have a financial interest in, certain of the companies and parties (including named herein.
    [Show full text]
  • Amalek from Generation to Generation
    11 LETTERS TO THE EDITOR Amalek from Generation Asher Benzion Buchman responds: to Generation I thank Dr. Tanen for acknowledg- I WAS DISAPPOINTED that you in- ing that my article on modern-day cluded gratuitous political posturing Amalek made “many fine points,” in your recent article Amalek From but I am puzzled as to why he then Generation to Generation (Hakiraḥ 28). finds it to include “gratuitous polit- Hakiraḥ is supposed to be “a forum ical posturing” as there is nothing for the discussion of issues of hash- gratuitous about my identification kafah and halakhah relevant to the of the base of the Democratic Party community from a perspective of with Amalek. That is the whole careful analysis of the primary To- point of the article. What could be rah sources.” The article could have more “relevant to the community” made its many fine points without than this? The purpose of Torah is the political posturing, sexism and lilmod al m’nas la’asos. Rambam iden- xenophobia: “And thus the base of tifies the eternal enemy of the Jews the Democratic Party in the United as those who either want to physi- States is made up of the envious cally annihilate the Jewish people or lower classes, the Muslims, and the to kill them spiritually by tearing G-dless ‘intellectuals’ who domi- them away from their religion. He nate and indoctrinate on our college refers to the prophecies of Daniel campuses and in the media. All are to suggest that these two groups will driven by jealousy. Jealousy and its eventually work in tandem.
    [Show full text]
  • Southern Jordan Guide
    FUNDACJA EUKLIDESA INSTYTUT ARCHEOLOGII UJ MINISTERSTWO NAUKI I SZKOLNICTWA WYŻSZEGO Southern Jordan Guide JORDAN CONTENTS Jordan - according to the official name - the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan - South Jordan 1 is a country located in the Middle East, in South-West Asia. Warsaw and Languages and dialects 3 Amman, or the capital of Jordan, are about 3,500 km apart. It is a country Jordanian cuisine with an area of about 89 thousand. km². 4 Nature and landscape The Jordanian Kingdom has its borders with Israel (238 km), Palestinian 5 Monuments Autonomy (97 km), Syria (375 km), Iraq (181 km) and Saudi Arabia (744 km). 25 The total length of the jordanian borders is 1635 km. Jordan also has a small Polish research 40 access to the sea, in the Gulf of Aqaba (Red Sea), and the length of the coast Tourism is only 26 km. 55 About the guide 65 Jordan is a constitutional monarchy, and the current ruler is the king Abdullah II, son of King Hussein, descendant of the Hashemite dynasty. The Hashemites are an aristocratic Arabian tribe from the Quraysh tribe, descended from the grandfather of Prophet Muhammad, Hashim ibn Abd al-Manaf. Southern Jordan is the area located between Wadi Hasa and the Gulf of Aqaba, which can be also described as the historical land called Edom. It is an area divided along the meridional axis to: rocky-mountainous areas located on its western side and desert-highlands lying on its eastern side. In the west the boundary is also marked by the rift of the Jordan River, which is the northernmost part of the Abyssino Rig, which belongs to the Great African Ramps.
    [Show full text]