The Online Atlas of the Languages of Iran: Design, Methodology And

Language Related Research E-ISSN: 2383-0816 https://lrr.modares.ac.ir DOI: https://doi.org/10.29252/LRR.12.2.8

The Online Atlas of the Languages of Iran : Design, Vol. 12, No. 2, Tome 62 Methodology and Initial Results pp. 231-291 June & July 2021

Author name Academic rank, field / Department University Assistant Professor in General Linguistics, Department of Shahrekord University, 1. Mortaza Taheri-Ardali English; Shahrekord, Iran Bakhtiari Studies Research Institute Professor in Linguistics and Carleton University, Ottawa, 2. Erik Anonby French Canada Technical Manager, Geomatics Carleton University, Ottawa, 3. Amos Hayes and Cartographic Research Centre Canada (GCRC) PhD candidate in Linguistics, Carleton University, Ottawa,

4. Zahra Azin Language Documentation and Canada Revitalization Master Student in Cognitive University of

5. Zhino Ebrahimi Science, Departement of Kaiserslautern, Social Sciences Kaiserslautern, Germany

Received: 25 June 2019 University of Kurdistan- 6. Ergin Öpengin Lecturer Hewlêr, KRI, Iraq Accepted:December 7 2019 MA (graduate) in General 7. Noush Azarin Atabaki University of Tehran, Iran Linguistics

Received inReceived revisedform: 4 December2019 Research Associate, Geomatics Carleton University, Ottawa, and Cartographic Research Centre 8. Adam Stone Canada (GCRC) Max Planck Institute for 9. Donald Stilo Scientist (retired) Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany PhD candidate in General Alzahra University, Tehran, 10. Elmira Esmaeelpour Linguistics Iran PhD (graduate) in General Payame Noor University, 11. Maryam Amani-Babadi Linguistics Tehran, Iran The University of New 12. Muhammed Ourang PhD candidate in Linguistics South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, Australia PhD (graduate) in General Bu-Ali Sina University, 13. Elham Izadi Linguistics Hamedan, Iran

Downloaded from lrr.modares.ac.ir at 3:02 IRDT on Friday June 25th 2021 [ DOI: https://doi.org/10.29252/LRR.12.2.8 ] ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ ـــــــــــــ Downloaded from lrr.modares.ac.ir at 22:03 IRST on Thursday October 7th 2021 [ DOI: https://doi.org/10.29252/LRR.12.2.8 ] 1. Corresponding Author, Email: [email protected]; ORCID ID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1260-6128 Language Related Research 12(2), (June & July, 2021) 231-291

Author name Academic rank, field / Department University Geomatics Researcher, Geomatics Carleton University, Ottawa, 14. Robert Oikle and Cartographic Research Centre Canada (GCRC) MA (graduate) in General Allameh Tabataba’i 15. Nawal Bahrani Linguistics University, Tehran, Iran Columbia University, New 16. Habib Borjian Research Scholar York, US Sharif University of 17. Ava Bahrami MA (graduate) in TEFL Technology, Tehran, Iran MA (graduate) in General Alzahra University, Tehran, 18. Hamideh Poshtvan Linguistics Iran Tarbiat Modares University, 19. Shiva Piryaee PhD candidate in Linguistics Tehran, Iran PhD student in Linguistics, University of Canterbury, 20. Peiman Pishyardehkordi Department of Linguistics and Christchurch, New Zealand English Language Carleton University , Ottawa, PhD candidate in Applied Canada Linguistics; 21. Parisa Sabethemmatabadi Instructor of English for Applied Algonquin College, Ottawa, Purposes Canada Assistant Professor in Ancient Iranian Languages, Persian Velayat University, 22. Shima Jaafari-Dehaghi Language and Literature Iranshahr, Iran Department MA in (graduate) General Semnan University, 23. Maryam Jalili Doab Linguistics Semnan, Iran Ferdowsi University of 24. Faranak Jamaleddin PhD candidate in Linguistics Mashhad, Iran Institute for Humanities and PhD (graduate) in General 25. Kamyar Joulaei Cultural Studies, Tehran, Linguistics Iran Islamic Azad University of MA (graduate) in General 26. Hasan Haji Shabaniyan Central Tehran Branch, Linguistics Tehran, Iran Payame Noor University, Department of Literature Assistant Professor in General 27. Jila Khanjani and Foreign Languages, Linguistics P.O. box: 193953697, Tehran, Iran PhD (graduate) in General Razi University, 28. Leila Dianat Linguistics Kermanshah, Iran Sistan va Baluchestan 29. Ali Rashidi MA (graduate) in Linguistics University, Zahedan, Iran

Downloaded from lrr.modares.ac.ir at 3:02 IRDT on Friday June 25th 2021 [ DOI: https://doi.org/10.29252/LRR.12.2.8 ] Downloaded from lrr.modares.ac.ir at 22:03 IRST on Thursday October 7th 2021 [ DOI: https://doi.org/10.29252/LRR.12.2.8 ]

232 The Online Atlas of the Languages … Mortaza Taheri-Ardali et al.

Author name Academic rank, field / Department University Islamic Azad University of 30. Reza Rezvani Borujeni MA (graduate) in Linguistics Khomein, Iran MA (graduate) in Persian Islamic Azad University of 31. Zohreh Rahnema Language and Literature Zanjan, Iran 32. Zeinab Zamani- Shahrekord University, MA student in TEFL Gandomani Shahrekord, Iran Research Fellow in General University of Bamberg, 33. Laurentia Schreiber Linguistics Bamberg, Germany Allameh Tabataba’i 34. Negar Sherafat MA (graduate) in Linguistics University, Tehran, Iran Professor in Applied Linguistics and Discourse Studies; cross- Carleton University, Ottawa, 35. Jaffer Sheyholislami appointed in Linguistics, and Canada Cultural Mediation MA (graduate) in Ancient Iranian Allameh Tabataba’i 36. Mina Salehi Languages and Culture University, Tehran, Iran PhD (graduate) in General Alzahra University, Tehran, 37. Mahnaz Talebi -Dastenaei Linguistics Iran Managing Editor of 38. Ali Akbar Abedian MA (graduate) in Linguistics Publishing House, Tehran, Kasgari Iran Associate Professor in General Payame Noor University, 39. Maryam Sadat Ghiasian Linguistics Tehran, Iran Assistant Professor in General Razi University, 40. Mehdi Fattahi Linguistics Kermanshah, Iran PhD candidate in General Tarbiat Modares University, 41. Saeideh Ghandi Linguistics Tehran, Iran 42. Mojtaba Gheitasi-Doolabi PhD candidate in TEFL Ilam University, Ilam, Iran MA (graduate) in General High School English 43. Roya Kamali Linguistics Teacher, Tehran, Iran Institute for Humanities and Cultural Studies, Faculty of Associate Professor in Ancient 44. Farzaneh Goshtasb Linguistics, Department of Iranian Languages and Culture Ancient Iranian Languages and Culture, Tehran, Iran MA (graduate) in General Imam Khamenei Technical 45. Hassan Mohebbi Bahmani Linguistics Faculty, Minab, Iran MA (graduate) in General Iranian Ministry of 46. Mohammad Mohammadi Linguistics Education Assistant Professor in General Payame Noor University, 47. Ronak Moradi Linguistics, Department of Tehran, Iran Linguistics and Foreign Languages

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233 Language Related Research 12(2), (June & July, 2021) 231-291

Author name Academic rank, field / Department University PhD (graduate) in General Bu-Ali Sina University, 48. Mehrdad Meshkinfam Linguistics Hamedan, Iran Azad University of Tehran - PhD candidate in Ancient Iranian 49. Razieh Mousavi Khoo Science and Research Languages and Culture Branch, Iran MA (graduate) in General Allameh Tabataba’i 50. Arefe Nezhad Bahram Linguistics University, Tehran, Iran Assistant Professor in General Persian Gulf University, 51. Fatemeh Nemati Linguistics Bushehr, Iran Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden and Otto- 52. Maryam Nourzaei Postdoctoral Researcher Friedrich-Universität Bamberg, Bamberg, Germany Carleton University, Ottawa, 53. Emily Wang MA (graduate) in Education Canada 54. Hossein Hashemi- PhD candidate in General Allameh Tabataba’i Zarajabad Linguistics University, Tehran, Iran

Abstract Iran is home to a treasury of languages representing diverse language families: Iranic, Turkic, Semitic, Indic, Dravidian, Armenian, and Kartvelian, as well as sign languages. Despite valuable research carried out by Iranian and western scholars, there is still no comprehensive publication depicting the geographic distribution and linguistic status of language varieties in Iran. In order to work toward this goal, the Atlas of the Languages of Iran (ALI) (www.iranatlas.net) was officially launched in 2015 as an international, online research programme. The present study opens with a historical overview of the research context and underlines the ongoing necessity of constructing such an atlas for the languages of Iran. The article then outlines the design of the Atlas, the methodology necessary to guide and organize the research project, and the results which are being generated. Specifically, we look at the Atlas bibliography, classification of Iran’s languages, the design of a set of linguistic data questionnaires, and findings from fieldwork. Selected initial research results from fieldwork in Chahar Mahal va Bakhtiari and Hormozgan Provinces, where the research process is most advanced, are provided in the form of linguistic data maps.

Keywords : Languages of Iran, Language documentation, Language atlas, Language map, Language classification

234 The Online Atlas of the Languages … Mortaza Taheri-Ardali et al.

1. Introduction Over the past decades, many efforts have been made to explore and understand the linguistic situation in Iran. However, no systematic study has been made available to the public on the basis of which a coherent picture of the country’s languages can be drawn. In order to provide a more comprehensive account of the language situation as well as to document the linguistic varieties in Iran, a project called the Atlas of the Languages of Iran (ALI) was initiated in 2009. Initially based at Carleton University, it has become an international research programme with a majority of colleagues and contributors based in Iran. The online version of the atlas launched in 2015 at www.iranatlas.net and is continually updated as new sections of the atlas are completed.

2. ALI and its ultimate goal The Atlas of the Languages of Iran , or ALI, is the title of an online research programme that documents language varieties within the geographical boundaries of Iran and prepares maps of language distribution and linguistic data from this area. In ALI, researchers and consultants help advance the atlas. At various stages, about 90 researchers have contributed to the atlas as volunteers, most often in the form of provincial teams: currently 19 of the country’s 31 provinces are active. ALI uses the Nunaliit platform as the basis for its online interface. This open source platform is freely available to the public and can be used to prepare any linguistic atlas. Nunaliit’s relational structure is flexible and can help overcome common challenges and gaps in the construction of an atlas. The ultimate goal of the ALI research programme is to provide an overview of the country's language situation. To work toward this end, project members are working on language distribution maps, linguistic data maps, and preparation of a corpus consisting of audio and video files from Downloaded from lrr.modares.ac.ir at 3:02 IRDT on Friday June 25th 2021 [ DOI: https://doi.org/10.29252/LRR.12.2.8 ] Downloaded from lrr.modares.ac.ir at 22:03 IRST on Thursday October 7th 2021 [ DOI: https://doi.org/10.29252/LRR.12.2.8 ]

235 Language Related Research 12(2), (June & July, 2021) 231-291

language varieties across Iran. We also aim to answer the following questions:

• What are the salient linguistic features of Iran’s languages and dialects, and how are these linguistic features distributed geographically? • In which parts of Iran are these language varieties spoken, and how does this compare to the distribution of linguistic features?

• How do scholars and linguists classify these languages, and how can current classifications be improved?

3. Linguistic classification and bibliography One of the first contributions of the ALI programme is the assembly of a comprehensive working classification of languages in Iran, provided to users through the Atlas website. This tool builds on the prior achievements of many researchers in the field of Iranian linguistics. ALI uses two models to depict the classification of languages in Iran. The first model is a traditional classification tree. In this classification, more than 500 distinct language varieties have been catalogued in Iran, of which approximately 400 belong to Iranic (Iranian) language family. The second model is a multi-dimensional language relation web, built using a force-directed graphic visualization. The second model can be used alongside the traditional classification to show connections between language varieties, but it has the added advantage of explicitly recognizing structural similarity and social identification as classificatory devices alongside the output of the comparative method. From the outset of the ALI programme, the atlas website has also featured a continually growing bibliography of scientific works related to linguistic data, language distribution, and maps of Iran’s languages.

236 The Online Atlas of the Languages … Mortaza Taheri-Ardali et al.

4. Methodology The process of construction for language distribution maps proceeds according to region: each province is investigated, analyzed, and finalized separately. To work toward this goal, we first download a list of settlements in each province from the website of the Iranian Statistics Centre, in the form of an Excel file for each provincial sub-district, including all cities and villages. After transcribing the Persian settlement names in roman script, we collect local pronunciations of place names and transcribe them in a simplified phonemic transcription system. At the same time, we conduct research into the language distribution. First, the research team assembles a comprehensive list of language varieties in the province. Linguists and others familiar with the languages of the region, such as teachers, are then asked for an overview of languages spoken in each of the settlements and an estimate of the proportion of each language spoken there as a mother tongue. After entering the language distribution percentage for each settlement along with the place name transcriptions in the Excel file, the prepared data are transferred to the ALI database and associated with the settlement’s location on the country-level map provided on the ALI website.

5. Linguistic data collection The main tool for linguistic data collection in this research programme is the ALI linguistic data questionnaire. Once the language distribution in each province has been established and visualized on a province-level map, it is possible to more efficiently select linguistically and geographically representative research sites for linguistic data collection. The questionnaire, central to the research programme as a whole, has been designed for systematic collection of salient linguistic structures from languages across Iran. A pilot version was designed by Erik Anonby under the valuable guidance of Donald Stilo and other colleagues and carried out in about 50

Downloaded from lrr.modares.ac.ir at 3:02 IRDT on Friday June 25th 2021 [ DOI: https://doi.org/10.29252/LRR.12.2.8 ] locations between 2015 to 2018. The questionnaire has since been Downloaded from lrr.modares.ac.ir at 22:03 IRST on Thursday October 7th 2021 [ DOI: https://doi.org/10.29252/LRR.12.2.8 ]

237 Language Related Research 12(2), (June & July, 2021) 231-291

significantly updated. Currently, it is organized into four sections: introduction and sociolinguistic context, lexicon, morphosyntactic, and numbers. Topics in phonology and semantics have been integrated into the other sections, and are also addressed by means of oral text collection and analysis.

6. The output of ALI project Key outputs of the ALI project are language distribution maps at the provincial and the country levels, maps related to linguistic data, and associated media. Audio and video recordings of various genres such as folktales, narratives, and poems from selected language varieties will be uploaded on the website and will be freely available to users. As is important for any language atlas, we have focused on building language distribution maps for all parts of the country. This will eventually allow for a first integrated map of the country’s languages. Linguistic data collection has also started in five provinces. Questionnaires have been conducted in Chahar Mahal va Bakhtiari Province (26 locations), Hormozgan Province (10), Ilam Province (5), Zanjan Province (2), and Semnan Province (3). Since a first phase of linguistic data collection from Chahar Mahal va Bakhtiari Province has been completed, we have embarked on analysis and publication of different parts of the questionnaire. For Chahar Mahal va Bakhtiari Province, a total of five maps so far have been extracted from the linguistic analysis, of which three are related to lexical diversity and two introduce elements of phonological diversity in the province.

7. Results The pilot phase of the ALI research programme has been operational for more than ten years now. We are now entering a full-scale atlas phase and aim to bring this atlas to fulfillment over the next two decades. The time Downloaded from lrr.modares.ac.ir at 3:02 IRDT on Friday June 25th 2021 [ DOI: https://doi.org/10.29252/LRR.12.2.8 ] Downloaded from lrr.modares.ac.ir at 22:03 IRST on Thursday October 7th 2021 [ DOI: https://doi.org/10.29252/LRR.12.2.8 ]

238 The Online Atlas of the Languages … Mortaza Taheri-Ardali et al.

required will vary depending on the availability and contributions of team members; participation of project partner institutions; funding; and other possible factors. Due to the time-consuming nature of atlas-related tasks, we prioritize the release of findings to the public after the completion of each of its sections, including language distribution data, linguistic data, and bibliographic information. In this article, by examining and explaining the different parts of the ALI research programme, we have sought to provide a relatively comprehensive picture of how the project is structured and how it is moving forward. A foundational factor in its successes so far is an unwavering commitment to provide the highest possible level of quality in the different dimensions of the work. Research on language distribution and linguistic data collection in remaining provinces, along with a growing bibliography of scholarly resources, are among the key tasks ahead for the Atlas of the Languages of Iran . Downloaded from lrr.modares.ac.ir at 3:02 IRDT on Friday June 25th 2021 [ DOI: https://doi.org/10.29252/LRR.12.2.8 ] Downloaded from lrr.modares.ac.ir at 22:03 IRST on Thursday October 7th 2021 [ DOI: https://doi.org/10.29252/LRR.12.2.8 ]

239 DownloadedDownloaded from from lrr.modares.ac.ir lrr.modares.ac.ir at 22:03at 3:02 IRST IRDT on on Thursday Friday June October 25th 7th 2021 2021 [ DOI: [ DOI: https://doi.org/10.29252/LRR.12.2.8 https://doi.org/10.29252/LRR.12.2.8 ] ] دوﻣﺎﻫﻨﺎﻣﺔ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﻠﻠﻲ د12 ، ش 2 (ﭘﻴﺎﭘﻲ 62 ) ﺧﺮداد و ﺗﻴﺮ 1400 ، ﺻﺺ 231 - 291 ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﻲ

اﻃﻠﺲ ﺑﺮﺧﻂ زﺑﺎن ﻫﺎي اﻳﺮان: ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ، روش ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ و ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ اوﻟﻴﻪ

ﻧﺎم ﻣﻮﻟﻒ رﺗﺒﻪ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ، رﺷﺘﻪ/ ﮔﺮوه داﻧﺸﮕﺎه اﺳﺘﺎدﻳﺎر زﺑﺎن ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﮔﺮوه زﺑﺎن .1 ﻣﺮﺗﻀﻲ ﻃﺎﻫﺮي اردﻟﻲ اﻧﮕﻠﻴﺴﻲ ؛ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﺷﻬﺮﻛﺮد، ﺷﻬﺮﻛﺮد، اﻳﺮان. ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﻜﺪة ﺑﺨﺘﻴﺎري ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ 2. ارﻳﻚ آﻧﻮﻧﺒﻲ اﺳﺘﺎد زﺑﺎن ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ و زﺑﺎن ﻓﺮاﻧﺴ ﻮي داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﻛﺎرﻟﺘﻮن، اُﺗﺎوا، ﻛﺎﻧﺎدا.

ﻣﺪﻳﺮ ﻓﻨﻲ ، ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت ژﺋﻮﻣﺎﺗﻴﻚ و .3 اﻳﻤﻮس ﻫﻴﺰ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﻛﺎرﻟﺘﻮن، اُﺗﺎوا، ﻛﺎﻧﺎدا . . ﻧﻘﺸﻪ ﻧﮕﺎري ( GCRC ) )

داﻧﺸﺠﻮ ي دﻛﺘﺮ ي زﺑﺎن ﺷﻨﺎﺳ ﻲ، .4 زﻫﺮا آذﻳﻦ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﻛﺎرﻟﺘﻮن، اُﺗﺎوا، ﻛﺎﻧﺎدا. ﻣﺴﺘﻨﺪﺳﺎزي و اﺣﻴﺎي زﺑﺎن داﻧﺸﺠﻮ ي ﻛﺎرﺷﻨﺎﺳ ﻲ ارﺷﺪ ﻋﻠﻮم داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﻛﺎﻳ ﺰرﺳﻼﺗﺮن، .5 ﻨﻮﻳژ اﺑﺮاﻫ ﻤﻴ ﻲ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘ ،ﻲ دﭘﺎرﺗﻤﺎن ﻋﻠﻮم اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﻳﻛﺎ ﺰرﺳﻼﺗﺮن، آﻟﻤﺎن. داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﻛﺮدﺳﺘﺎن ـ ﻫﻮﻟﻴﺮ ، اﻗﻠﻴﻢ .6 ﻦﻴرﮔا اُﭘﻨﮕ ﻦﻴ ﻣﺪرس ﻛﺮدﺳﺘﺎن، ﻋﺮاق . . ﻛﺎرﺷﻨﺎﺳ ﻲ ارﺷﺪ (ﻓﺎرغ اﻟﺘﺤﺼﻴﻞ) .7 ﻧﻮش آذرﻳﻦ اﺗﺎﺑﻜﻲ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﺗﻬﺮان، ﺗﻬﺮان ، اﻳﺮان. زﺑﺎن ﺷﻨﺎﺳ ﻲ ﻫﻤﮕﺎﻧﻲ ﻋﻀﻮ ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﻲ، ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت .8 آدام ا ﺳﺘﻮن داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﻛﺎرﻟﺘﻮن ، اُﺗﺎوا، ﻛﺎﻧﺎدا. ژﺋﻮﻣﺎﺗﻴﻚ و ﻧﻘﺸﻪ ﻧﮕﺎري ( GCRC ) ) ﻣﻮﺳﺴﺔ اﻧﺴﺎن ﺷﻨﺎﺳ ﻲ ﺗﻜﺎﻣﻠ ﻲ ﻲ .9 دوﻧﺎﻟﺪ اﺳﺘ ﻠﻮﻴ ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﮕﺮ ﺑﺎزﻧﺸﺴﺘﻪ ﻣﺎﻛﺲ ﭘﻼﻧﻚ ، ﻻﻳﭙﺰﻳﻚ، آﻟﻤﺎن. داﻧﺸﺠﻮ ي دﻛﺘﺮ ي زﺑﺎن ﺷﻨﺎﺳ ﻲ .10 ﺮاﻴاﻟﻤ اﺳﻤﺎﻋ ﻞﻴ ﭘﻮر داﻧﺸﮕﺎه اﻟﺰﻫﺮا ، ﺗﻬﺮان، اﻳﺮان. ﻫﻤﮕﺎﻧﻲ داﻧﺶ آﻣﻮﺧﺘﺔ دﻛﺘﺮ ي زﺑﺎن ﺷﻨﺎﺳ ﻲ ﻲ .11 ﻢﻳﻣﺮ اﻣﺎﻧ ﻲ ﺑﺎﺑﺎدي داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﭘ ﺎمﻴ ﻧﻮر ، ﺗﻬﺮان، اﻳﺮان. ﻫﻤﮕﺎﻧﻲ داﻧﺸﺠﻮ ي دﻛﺘﺮ ي زﺑﺎن ﺷﻨﺎﺳ ﻲ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ا ﺎﻟﺘﻳ ﻲ ﻮﻴﻧ ﺳﻮز وﻟﺰ ـ ـ .12 ﻣﺤﻤﺪ اورﻧﮓ ﻫﻤﮕﺎﻧﻲ ﺳﻴ ﺪﻧ ﻲ ـ اﺳﺘﺮاﻟﻴﺎ. Downloaded from lrr.modares.ac.ir at 3:02 IRDT on Friday June 25th 2021 [ DOI: https://doi.org/10.29252/LRR.12.2.8 ] ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ ـــــــــــــ Downloaded from lrr.modares.ac.ir at 22:03 IRST on Thursday October 7th 2021 [ DOI: https://doi.org/10.29252/LRR.12.2.8 ] * ﻧﻮﻳﺴﻨﺪة ﻣﺴﺌﻮل ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ: E-mail: [email protected]

ﻣﺮﺗﻀﻲ ﻃﺎﻫﺮي اردﻟﻲ و ﻫﻤﻜﺎر ان اﻃﻠﺲ ﺑﺮﺧﻂ زﺑﺎن ﻫﺎي اﻳﺮان ...

ﻧﺎم ﻣﻮﻟﻒ رﺗﺒﻪ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ، رﺷﺘﻪ/ ﮔﺮوه داﻧﺸﮕﺎه داﻧﺶ آﻣﻮﺧﺘﺔ دﻛﺘﺮ ي زﺑﺎن ﺷﻨﺎﺳ ﻲ ﻲ .13 اﻟﻬﺎم اﻳ ﺰدي دا ﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﺑﻮﻋﻠﻲ ﻨﺎﺳﻴ ، ﻫﻤﺪان، اﻳﺮان. ﻫﻤﮕﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﺤﻘﻖ ژﺋﻮﻣﺎﺗﻴﻚ ، ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت .14 راﺑﺮت اُﻳﻜﻞ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﻛﺎرﻟﺘﻮن، اُﺗﺎوا، ﻛﺎﻧﺎدا. ژﺋﻮﻣﺎﺗﻴﻚ و ﻧﻘﺸﻪ ﻧﮕﺎري ( GCRC) ﻛﺎرﺷﻨﺎﺳ ﻲ ارﺷﺪ (ﻓﺎرغ اﻟﺘﺤﺼﻴﻞ) داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﻋﻼﻣﻪ ﻃﺒﺎﻃﺒﺎﺋ ﻲ، ﺗﻬﺮان، .15 ﻧﻮال ﺑﺤﺮاﻧﻲ زﺑﺎن ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﻫﻤﮕﺎﻧﻲ اﻳﺮان.

.16 ﺐﻴﺣﺒ ﺑﺮﺟﻴ ﺎن ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﮕﺮ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﻛﻠﻤﺒ ﺎﻴ ، ﻧﻴﻮﻳﻮرك، اﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ . .

ﻛﺎرﺷﻨﺎﺳ ﻲ ارﺷﺪ (ﻓﺎرغ اﻟﺘﺤﺼﻴﻞ) داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﺻﻨﻌﺘ ﻲ ﻳﺷﺮ ﻒ ، ﺗﻬﺮان، .17 آوا ﺑﻬﺮاﻣﻲ آﻣﻮزش زﺑﺎن اﻧﮕﻠﻴﺴﻲ اﻳﺮان. ﻛﺎرﺷﻨﺎﺳ ﻲ ارﺷﺪ (ﻓﺎرغ اﻟﺘﺤﺼﻴﻞ) .18 ﻴﺣﻤ ﺪه ﭘﺸﺘﻮان داﻧﺸﮕﺎه اﻟﺰﻫﺮا ، ﺗﻬﺮان، اﻳﺮان. زﺑﺎن ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﻫﻤﮕﺎﻧﻲ داﻧﺸﺠﻮ ي دﻛﺘﺮ ي زﺑ ﺎن ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ .19 ﻮاﻴﺷ ﺎﻳﺮﻴﭘ ﻳﻲ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﺗﺮﺑ ﺖﻴ ﻣﺪرس ، ﺗﻬﺮان، اﻳﺮان. ﻫﻤﮕﺎﻧﻲ داﻧﺸﺠﻮي دﻛﺘﺮي زﺑﺎن ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ، داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﻛَ ﻨﺘﺮﺑﺮي، ﻛﺮاﻳﺴﺘﭽﺮچ، .20 ﭘﻴﻤﺎن ﭘﻴﺶ ﻳﺎر دﻫﻜﺮدي دﭘﺎرﺗﻤﺎن زﺑﺎن ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ و زﺑﺎن اﻧﮕﻠﻴﺴﻲ ﻧﻴﻮزﻳﻠﻨﺪ. داﻧﺸﺠﻮ ي دﻛﺘﺮ ي زﺑﺎن ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﻛﺎرﻟﺘﻮن . . ﻛﺎرﺑﺮدي ؛ ؛ .21 ﻳﭘﺮ ﺴﺎ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻫﻤﺖ آﺑﺎدي ﻣﺪرس زﺑﺎن اﻧﮕﻠﻴﺴﻲ ﺑﺎ اﻫﺪا ف ﻛﺎﻟﺞ اﻟﮕﻮﻧﻜﻮﻳﻦ، اُﺗﺎوا، ﻛﺎﻧﺎدا. ﻛﺎرﺑﺮدي اﺳﺘﺎد ﺎرﻳ زﺑﺎن يﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺎﻧ ﻲ ﻳا ،ﺮان ،ﺮان .22 ﺷﻴﻤﺎ ﺟﻌﻔﺮي دﻫﻘﻲ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه وﻻﻳ ﺖ، اﻳﺮاﻧﺸﻬﺮ، اﻳﺮان. ﮔﺮوه زﺑﺎن و ادﺑﻴ ﺎت ﻓﺎرﺳﻲ ﻛﺎرﺷﻨﺎﺳ ﻲ ارﺷﺪ (ﻓﺎرغ اﻟﺘﺤﺼﻴﻞ) .23 ﻢﻳﻣﺮ ﻲﻠﻴﺟﻠ دوآب داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﺳﻤﻨﺎن ، ﺳﻤﻨﺎن، اﻳﺮان. زﺑﺎن ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﻫﻤﮕﺎﻧﻲ داﻧﺸﺠﻮ ي دﻛﺘﺮ ي زﺑﺎن ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ .24 ﻓﺮاﻧﻚ ﺟﻤﺎل ﻦﻳاﻟﺪ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﻓﺮدوﺳ ﻲ ﻣﺸﻬﺪ ، اﻳﺮان. ﻫﻤﮕﺎﻧﻲ داﻧﺶ آﻣﻮﺧﺘﺔ دﻛﺘﺮ ي زﺑﺎن ﺷﻨﺎﺳ ﻲ ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﮕﺎه ﻋﻠﻮم اﻧﺴﺎﻧﻲ و ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت .25 ﻛﺎﻣﻴﺎر ﺟﻮﻻﻳﻲ ﻫﻤﮕﺎﻧﻲ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ ، ﺗﻬﺮان، اﻳﺮان. ﻛﺎرﺷﻨﺎﺳ ﻲ ارﺷﺪ (ﻓﺎرغ اﻟﺘﺤﺼﻴﻞ) داﻧﺸﮕﺎه آزاد واﺣﺪ ﺗﻬﺮان ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ، .26 ﺣﺴﻦ ﺣﺎﺟ ﻲ ﺷﻌﺒﺎﻧﻴ ﺎن زﺑﺎن ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﻫﻤﮕ ﻲﺎﻧ ﺗﻬﺮان، اﻳﺮان. Downloaded from lrr.modares.ac.ir at 3:02 IRDT on Friday June 25th 2021 [ DOI: https://doi.org/10.29252/LRR.12.2.8 ] Downloaded from lrr.modares.ac.ir at 22:03 IRST on Thursday October 7th 2021 [ DOI: https://doi.org/10.29252/LRR.12.2.8 ]

242 ﺟﺴﺘﺎرﻫﺎي زﺑﺎﻧﻲ د ورة 12 ، ﺷﻤﺎرة 2 (ﭘﻴﺎﭘﻲ 62 )، ﺧﺮداد و ﺗﻴﺮ 1400

ﻧﺎم ﻣﻮﻟﻒ رﺗﺒﻪ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ، رﺷﺘﻪ/ ﮔﺮوه داﻧﺸﮕﺎه داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﭘﻴﺎم ﻧﻮر، اﺳﺘﺎدﻳﺎر ﮔﺮوه .27 ﻼﻳژ ﺧﺎﻧﺠﺎﻧﻲ اﺳﺘﺎد ﺎرﻳ زﺑﺎن ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﻫﻤﮕﺎﻧﻲ ادﺑﻴﺎت و زﺑﺎن ﻫﺎي ﺧﺎرﺟﻪ، ص. پ: 193953697 ، ﺗﻬﺮان، اﻳﺮان. داﻧﺶ آﻣﻮﺧﺘﺔ دﻛﺘﺮي زﺑﺎن ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ .28 ﻼﻴﻟ ﻳد ﺎﻧﺖ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه رازي، ﻛﺮﻣﺎﻧﺸﺎه، اﻳﺮان . . ﻫﻤﮕﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﺎرﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ارﺷﺪ (ﻓﺎرغ اﻟﺘﺤﺼﻴﻞ) داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﺳﻴ ﺴﺘﺎن و ﺑﻠﻮﭼﺴﺘﺎن، .29 ﻋﻠﻲ رﺷﻴﺪي زﺑﺎن ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﻫﻤﮕﺎﻧﻲ زاﻫﺪان، ﻳا .ﺮان .ﺮان داﻧﺸﮕﺎه آزاد اﺳﻼﻣﻲ واﺣﺪ ﺧﻤﻴﻦ، .30 رﺿﺎ رﺿﻮاﻧﻲ ﺑﺮوﺟﻨﻲ ﻛﺎرﺷﻨﺎﺳ ﻲ ارﺷﺪ زﺑﺎن ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﻫﻤﮕﺎﻧﻲ اﻳﺮان . . ﻛﺎرﺷﻨﺎﺳ ﻲ ارﺷﺪ (ﻓﺎرغ اﻟﺘﺤﺼﻴﻞ) زﺑﺎن داﻧﺸﮕﺎه آزاد اﺳﻼﻣ ﻲ واﺣﺪ زﻧﺠﺎن ، .31 زﻫﺮه رﻫﻨﻤﺎ و ادﺑﻴﺎت ﻓﺎرﺳﻲ زﻧﺠﺎن، اﻳﺮان . . داﻧﺸﺠﻮي ﻛﺎرﺷﻨﺎﺳ ﻲ ارﺷﺪ آﻣﻮزش .32 ﻳز ﻨﺐ زﻣﺎﻧ ﻲ ﮔﻨﺪﻣﺎﻧﻲ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﺷﻬﺮﻛﺮد ، ﺷﻬﺮﻛﺮد، اﻳﺮان . . زﺑﺎن اﻧﮕﻠﻴﺴﻲ

.33 ﻟَ ﺌﻮرﻧﺴ ﺎﻴ ﺒﺮﻳﺷﺮا دﺳﺘﻴﺎر ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﻲ زﺑﺎن ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﻫﻤﮕﺎﻧﻲ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﺑﺎﻣﺒﺮگ ، ﺑﺎﻣﺒﺮگ، آﻟﻤﺎن . .

ﻛﺎرﺷﻨﺎﺳ ﻲ ارﺷﺪ (ﻓﺎ رغ اﻟﺘﺤﺼ )ﻞﻴ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﻋﻼﻣﻪ ﻃﺒﺎﻃﺒﺎﺋ ﻲ، ﺗﻬﺮان، .34 ﻧﮕﺎر ﺷﺮاﻓﺖ زﺑﺎن ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﻫﻤﮕﺎﻧﻲ اﻳﺮان . . اﺳﺘﺎد زﺑﺎن ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﻛﺎرﺑﺮدي و .35 ﺟﻌﻔﺮ ﺷ ﺦﻴ اﻻﺳﻼﻣ ﻲ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﮔﻔﺘﻤﺎﻧﻲ؛ زﺑﺎن ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ و داﻧﺸﮕ ﺎه ﻛﺎرﻟﺘﻮن ، اُﺗﺎوا، ﻛﺎﻧﺎدا. واﺳﻄﻪﮔ ﺮي ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﻛﺎرﺷﻨﺎﺳ ﻲ ارﺷﺪ (ﻓﺎرغ اﻟﺘﺤﺼ ﻞﻴ ) داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﻋﻼﻣﻪ ﻃﺒﺎﻃﺒﺎﺋ ﻲ، ﺗﻬﺮان، .36 ﻣﻴﻨﺎ ﺻﺎﻟﺤﻲ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ و زﺑﺎن ﻫﺎي ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺎﻧﻲ اﻳ ﺮان اﻳﺮان. داﻧﺶ آﻣﻮﺧﺘﺔ دﻛﺘﺮ ي زﺑﺎن ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ .37 ﻣﻬﻨﺎز ﻃﺎﻟﺒﻲ دﺳﺘﻨﺎﻳﻲ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه اﻟﺰﻫﺮا ، ﺗﻬﺮان، اﻳﺮان. ﻫﻤﮕﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﻮﺳﺴ ﺔ اﻧﺘﺸﺎرات دﮔﺮاﻧﺪﻳ ﺸﺎن ، .38 ﻲﻋﻠ اﻛﺒﺮ ﻋﺎﺑﺪﻳ ﺎن ﻛﺎﺳﮕﺮي ﻛﺎرﺷﻨﺎﺳ ﻲ ارﺷﺪ زﺑﺎن ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﻫﻤﮕﺎﻧﻲ ﺗﻬﺮان، اﻳﺮان.

.39 ﻣﺮﻳﻢ ﺳﺎدات ﻏﻴ ﺎﺛﻴﺎن داﻧﺸﻴﺎر زﺑﺎن ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﻫﻤﮕﺎﻧﻲ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﭘ ﺎمﻴ ﻧﻮر ، ﺗﻬﺮان، اﻳﺮان.

.40 ﻣﻬﺪ ي ﻓﺘﺎﺣﻲ اﺳﺘﺎد ﺎرﻳ ﮔﺮوه زﺑﺎن اﻧﮕﻠﻴﺴﻲ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه راز ي، ﻛﺮﻣﺎﻧﺸﺎه ، اﻳﺮان.

243 ﻣﺮﺗﻀﻲ ﻃﺎﻫﺮي اردﻟﻲ و ﻫﻤﻜﺎر ان اﻃﻠﺲ ﺑﺮﺧﻂ زﺑﺎن ﻫﺎي اﻳﺮان ...

ﻧﺎم ﻣﻮﻟﻒ رﺗﺒﻪ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ، رﺷﺘﻪ/ ﮔﺮوه داﻧﺸﮕﺎه داﻧﺸﺠﻮ ي دﻛﺘﺮ ي زﺑﺎن ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ .41 ﻴﺳﻌ ﺪه ﻗﻨﺪي داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﺗﺮﺑ ﺖﻴ ﻣﺪرس ، ﺗﻬﺮان، اﻳﺮان. ﻫﻤﮕﺎﻧﻲ داﻧﺸﺠﻮ ي دﻛﺘﺮ ي آﻣﻮزش زﺑﺎن .42 ﻣﺠﺘﺒ ﻲ ﻴﻗ ﻄﺎﺳ ﻲ دوﻻﺑﻲ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه اﻳ ﻼم ، اﻳﻼم، اﻳﺮان. اﻧﮕﻠﻴﺴﻲ ﻛﺎرﺷﻨﺎﺳ ﻲ ارﺷﺪ (ﻓﺎرغ اﻟﺘﺤﺼﻴﻞ) آﻣﻮزش و ﭘﺮورش ﺗﻬﺮان، ﺗﻬﺮان، .43 ﺎﻳرو ﻛﻤﺎﻟﻲ زﺑﺎن ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﻫﻤﮕﺎﻧﻲ اﻳﺮان. ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﮕﺎه ﻋﻠﻮم اﻧﺴﺎﻧ ﻲ و ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت داﻧﺸ ﺎرﻴ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ و زﺑﺎن يﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺎﻧ ﻲ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ ـ ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﻜﺪه زﺑﺎن ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ـ ـ .44 ﻓﺮزاﻧﻪ ﮔﺸﺘﺎﺳﺐ ﻳا ﺮان ﮔﺮوه ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ و زﺑﺎن يﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺎﻧ ﻲ ﻲ ﻳا ﺮان ، ﺗﻬﺮان. ﻛﺎرﺷﻨﺎﺳ ﻲ ارﺷﺪ (ﻓﺎرغ اﻟﺘﺤﺼﻴﻞ) داﻧﺸﻜﺪة ﻓﻨﻲ اﻣﺎم ﺧﺎﻣﻨﻪ اي، ﻣﻴﻨﺎب، .45 ﺣﺴﻦ ﻣﺤﺒﻲ ﺑﻬﻤﻨﻲ زﺑﺎن ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﻫﻤﮕﺎﻧﻲ اﻳﺮان. ﻛﺎرﺷﻨﺎﺳ ﻲ ارﺷﺪ (ﻓﺎرغ اﻟﺘﺤﺼﻴﻞ) .46 ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻣﺤﻤﺪي وزارت آﻣﻮزش و ﭘﺮورش، اﻳﺮان. زﺑﺎن ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﻫﻤﮕﺎﻧﻲ اﺳ ﺎرﻳﺘﺎد زﺑﺎن ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﻫﻤﮕﺎﻧ ﻲ، ﮔﺮوه .47 روﻧﺎك ﻣﺮادي داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﭘﻴﺎم ﻧﻮر ، ﺗﻬﺮان، اﻳﺮان. زﺑﺎن ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ و زﺑﺎن ﻫﺎي ﺧﺎرﺟﻲ داﻧﺶ آﻣﻮﺧﺘﺔ دﻛﺘﺮ ي زﺑﺎن ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ .48 ﻣﻬﺮداد ﻣﺸﻜ ﻦﻴ ﻓﺎم داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﺑﻮﻋﻠﻲ ﻨﺎﺳﻴ ، ﻫﻤﺪان، اﻳﺮان. ﻫﻤﮕﺎﻧﻲ داﻧﺸﺠﻮي دﻛﺘﺮ ي ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ و زﺑﺎن يﻫﺎ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه آزاد، واﺣﺪ ﻋﻠﻮم ﺗﺤﻘﻴ ﻘﺎت ، .49 راﺿﻴﻪ ﻣﻮﺳﻮي ﺧﻮ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺎﻧ ﻲ ﻳا ﺮان ﺗﻬﺮان، اﻳﺮان. ﻛﺎرﺷﻨﺎﺳ ﻲ ارﺷﺪ (ﻓﺎرغ اﻟﺘﺤﺼﻴﻞ) داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﻋﻼﻣﻪ ﻃﺒﺎﻃﺒﺎ ﺋﻲ، ﺗﻬﺮان، .50 ﻋﺎرﻓﻪ ﻧﮋادﺑﻬﺮام زﺑﺎن ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﻫﻤﮕﺎﻧﻲ اﻳﺮان.

.51 ﻓﺎﻃﻤﻪ ﻧﻌﻤﺘﻲ اﺳﺘﺎد ﺎرﻳ زﺑﺎن ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﻫﻤﮕﺎﻧﻲ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﺧﻠ ﺞﻴ ﻓﺎرس ، ﺑﻮﺷﻬﺮ، اﻳﺮان.

داﻧﺸﮕﺎه اوﭘ ﺴﺎﻻ، ﺳﻮﺋﺪ و داﻧﺸﮕﺎه .52 ﻣﺮﻳﻢ ﻧﻮرزاﻳﻲ ﻣﺤﻘﻖ دورة ﭘﺴﺎدﻛﺘﺮي ﺑﺎﻣﺒﺮگ، آﻟﻤﺎن. ﻛﺎرﺷﻨﺎﺳ ﻲ ارﺷﺪ (ﻓﺎرغ اﻟﺘﺤﺼﻴﻞ) .53 ﻲﻠﻴاﻣ ﻧﮓو داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﻛﺎرﻟﺘﻮن ، اُﺗﺎوا، ﻛﺎﻧﺎدا. آﻣﻮزش داﻧﺸﺠﻮ ي دﻛﺘﺮ ي زﺑﺎن ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﻋﻼﻣﻪ ﻃﺒﺎﻃﺒﺎﺋ ﻲ، ﺗﻬﺮان، .54 ﻦﻴﺣﺴ ﻫﺎﺷﻤ ﻲ زرج آﺑﺎد ﻫﻤﮕﺎﻧﻲ اﻳﺮان.

درﻳﺎﻓﺖ: /04 /04 1398 ﭘﺬﻳﺮش: /Downloaded from lrr.modares.ac.ir at 3:02 IRDT on Friday June 25th 2021 [ DOI: https://doi.org/10.29252/LRR.12.2.8 ] 1398 10/ 16

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244 ﺟﺴﺘﺎرﻫﺎي زﺑﺎﻧﻲ د ورة 12 ، ﺷﻤﺎرة 2 (ﭘﻴﺎﭘﻲ 62 )، ﺧﺮداد و ﺗﻴﺮ 1400

ﭼﻜﻴﺪه اﻳﺮان ﮔﻨﺠﻴﻨﻪ اي ارزﺷﻤﻨﺪ از زﺑﺎن ﻫﺎﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده ﻫﺎي زﺑﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﺘﻔﺎوﺗﻲ از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ اﻳﺮاﻧﻲ، ﺗﺮﻛﻲ، ﺳﺎﻣﻲ، ﻫﻨﺪي، دراوﻳﺪي، ارﻣﻨﻲ، ﻛﺎرﺗﻮﻟﻲ و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ، زﺑﺎن ﻫﺎي اﺷﺎره را در ﺑﺮﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮد، اﻣﺎ ﺑﺎ وﺟﻮد ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻫﺎي ا رزﺷﻤﻨﺪي ﻛﻪ در داﺧﻞ و ﺧﺎرج از ﻛﺸﻮر اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ، ﻫﻨﻮز ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻲ در دﺳﺘﺮس ﻧﻴﺴﺖ ﻛﻪ ﭘﺮاﻛﻨﺪﮔﻲ ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﻴﺎﻳﻲ و وﺿﻌﻴﺖ زﺑﺎن ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻲ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي زﺑﺎﻧﻲ را در اﻳﺮان ﺑﻪ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﻛﺸﻴﺪه ﺑﺎﺷﺪ.

ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر دﺳﺘﻴﺎﺑﻲ ﺑﻪ اﻳﻦ ﻫﺪف، « اﻃﻠﺲ زﺑﺎن ﻫﺎي اﻳﺮان» ( www.iranatlas.net) ﻛﻪ از آن ﺑﻪ اﺧﺘ ﺼﺎر « اَزﻳﺮان » ﻳﺎد ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﺰﻟﺔ ﻳﻚ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺔ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺗﻲِ ﺑﺮﺧﻂ و در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻳﻚ ﻛﺎر ﺗﻴﻤﻲِ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﻠﻠﻲ، ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﺧﻮد را رﺳﻤﺎً در ﺳﺎل 2015 آﻏﺎز ﻛﺮد. ﻣﻘﺎﻟﺔ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ در زﻳﺮﺑﺨﺶ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺘﻔﺎوت ﺑﻪ ﭘﻴﺸﻴﻨﺔ اﻃﻠﺲ زﺑﺎﻧﻲ در ﻏﺮب و در اﻳﺮان، ﺿﺮورت ﺗﻬﻴﺔ اﻃﻠﺲ زﺑﺎﻧﻲ در اﻳﺮان، ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ اﻃﻠﺲ، روش ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ در اﻳﻦ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ و در ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ، ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ اوﻟﻴﺔ اﻳﻦ ﻃﺮح ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺗﻲ ﻣﻲ ﭘﺮدازد. ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﻣﺸﺨﺺ، ﻛﺘﺎب ﻧﺎﻣﺔ اﻃﻠﺲ، دﺳﺘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي زﺑﺎن ﻫﺎي اﻳﺮان، ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﭘﺮﺳﺶ ﻧﺎﻣﺔ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺷﺪه و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ، ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﻨﺘﺨﺐِ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از ﻛﺎر ﻣﻴﺪاﻧﻲ در اﺳﺘﺎن ﻫﺎي ﭼﻬﺎرﻣﺤﺎل و ﺑﺨﺘﻴﺎري و ﻫﺮﻣﺰﮔﺎن، ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﺰﻟﺔ ﻣﻜﺎن ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻓﺮاﻳﻨﺪ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﭘﻴﺸﺮوي ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮي را داﺷﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ، در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻧﻘﺸﻪ ﻫﺎي زﺑﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﺤﺚ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد.

واژه ﻫﺎي ﻛﻠﻴﺪي: زﺑﺎن ﻫﺎي اﻳﺮان، ﻣﺴﺘﻨﺪﺳﺎزي زﺑﺎن، اﻃﻠﺲ زﺑﺎﻧﻲ، ﻧﻘﺸﺔ زﺑﺎﻧﻲ، دﺳﺘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي زﺑﺎﻧﻲ.

1 . ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ زﺑﺎن ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎن اﻳﺮاﻧﻲ و ﻏﻴﺮاﻳﺮاﻧﻲ از دﻳﺮﺑﺎز ﺑﻪ ﻛﺸﻮر اﻳﺮان ﺑﺎ ﺗ ﻨﻮع زﺑﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﻨﺤﺼﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺮد ﺧﻮد در ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ زﻳﺎدي داﺷﺘﻪ اﻧﺪ. ﭼﻨﺎﻧﻜﻪ در دﻫﻪ ﻫﺎ و ﺳﺪه ﻫﺎي ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺮاي درك وﺿﻌﻴﺖ زﺑﺎﻧﻲِ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد ﻛﺸﻮر، ﺗﻼش ﻫﺎي زﻳﺎدي ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺮاي رﺳﻴﺪن ﺑﻪ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﻫﺪﻓﻲ، ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼﺎن ﻏﺮﺑﻲ ﮔﺎم ﻫﺎي اﺑﺘﺪاﻳﻲ را ﺑﺮداﺷﺘﻨﺪ و ﻫﺮ ﻳﻚ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮﺑﺔ ﺧﻮد ﺑﺎ ﮔﺮدآوري و ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞِ ﺑﺨﺶ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ از اﻳﻦ ﻣﻮاد زﺑﺎﻧﻲ، ﺳﺒﺐ آﺷﻨﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺒﺎن را ﺑﺎ اﻳﻦ ﺗﻨﻮع زﺑﺎﻧﻲ در ﻛﺸﻮر ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ آوردﻧﺪ. اﻳﻦ ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼﺎن، از ﺣﻮزه ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﭼﻮن ﺷﺮق ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ، اﻳﺮان ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ، ﻣﺮدم ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ و زﺑﺎن ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﺗﺎرﻳﺨﻲ ﺑﺮآﻣﺪه ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ، اﻣﺎ در اداﻣﺔ اﻳﻦ ﻛﺎوش ﻫﺎ و ﺑﺎ ﭘﻴﺸﺮﻓﺖ ﻫﺎي ﺣﺎﺻﻞ در زﺑﺎن ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ، زﺑﺎن ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎن ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ و ﺗﻔﺤﺺ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮي درﺑﺎرة اﻳﻦ زﺑﺎن ﻫﺎ ﻫﻤﺖ ﮔﻤﺎﺷﺘﻨﺪ. ﮔﺮوﻫﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻔﻲ و ﻓﺎرغ از ﻧﻈﺮﻳﻪ اي ﺧﺎص و ﮔﺮوﻫﻲ ﺑﺎ ﭘﺸﺘﻮاﻧﺔ ﻧﻈﺮي، ﺑﻪ ﺟﻤﻊ آوري داده از اﻳﻦ زﺑﺎن ﻫﺎ ﻣﺒﺎدرت ورزﻳﺪﻧﺪ و در ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ، ﺑﻪ اﻧﺘﺸﺎر آﺛﺎر ﺧﻮد ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻨﺪ. ﺑﺎ وﺟﻮد اﻳﻦ، اﮔﺮﭼﻪ Downloaded from lrr.modares.ac.ir at 3:02 IRDT on Friday June 25th 2021 [ DOI: https://doi.org/10.29252/LRR.12.2.8 ] Downloaded from lrr.modares.ac.ir at 22:03 IRST on Thursday October 7th 2021 [ DOI: https://doi.org/10.29252/LRR.12.2.8 ]

245 ﻣﺮﺗﻀﻲ ﻃﺎﻫﺮي اردﻟﻲ و ﻫﻤﻜﺎر ان اﻃﻠﺲ ﺑﺮﺧﻂ زﺑﺎن ﻫﺎي اﻳﺮان ...

در دﻫﻪ ﻫﺎي ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ و ﺑﻪ وﻳﮋه در ﭼﻨﺪ ﺳﺎل اﺧﻴﺮ ﺗﻼش ﻫﺎي ﺑﺴﻴﺎري در اﻳﻦ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺻﻮرت ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ و در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ، ﻛﺘﺎب، ﭘﺎﻳﺎن ﻧﺎﻣﻪ، رﺳﺎﻟﻪ، وﺑﮕﺎه و ﻏﻴﺮه آﺛﺎر ﻣﺘﻌﺪدي در داﺧﻞ و ﺧﺎرج از ﻛﺸﻮر اﻧﺘﺸﺎر ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ، اﻣﺎ ﻫﻨﻮز ﻫﻴﭻ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺔ ﻧﻈﺎم ﻣﻨﺪ و روﺷﻤﻨﺪي در ﻛﺸﻮر در دﺳﺘﺮس ﻋﻤﻮم ﻗﺮار ﻧﮕﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺘﻮ ان ﺑﺮ ﭘﺎﻳﺔ آن ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮي ﺟﺎﻣﻊ از وﺿﻌﻴﺖ زﺑﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﺸﻮر ﺗﺮﺳﻴﻢ ﻛﺮد. از ﻃﺮف دﻳﮕﺮ، ﺑﺎ ﻗﻮت ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﺗﻼش ﺑﺮاي ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ، ﺛﺒﺖ و ﺿﺒﻂ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي زﺑﺎﻧﻲِ در ﻣﻌﺮض ﺧﻄﺮ در ﻛﺸﻮر در ﺳﺎل ﻫﺎي اﺧﻴﺮ1 ، اﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﻛﺸﻒ و ﺿﺒﻂ اﻳﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي زﺑﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﻪ واﺳﻄﺔ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺔ ﻫﻤﻪ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﺔ زﺑﺎن ﻫﺎي اﻳﺮان از ﺳﻮي زﺑﺎن ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎن، دوﭼﻨﺪان ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ (ﻃﺎﻫﺮي اردﻟﻲ، 1394 ). ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر اراﺋﺔ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮي ﺟﺎﻣﻊ از وﺿﻌﻴﺖ زﺑﺎﻧﻲ و ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﺴﺘﻨﺪﺳﺎزي ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي زﺑﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد در اﻳﺮان، ﭘﺮوژه اي ﺑﺎ ﻋﻨﻮان « اﻃﻠﺲ زﺑﺎن ﻫﺎي اﻳﺮان»2 ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ اﺧﺘﺼﺎر از آن « اَزاﻳﺮان » ﻳﺎد ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد در داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﻛﺎرﻟﺘﻮن ﻛﺎﻧﺎدا در ﺳﺎل 2009 آﻏﺎز و ﭘﺲ از اﺗﻤﺎم

ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت اوﻟﻴﺔ آن، رﺳﻤﺎً در ﺳﺎل 2015 ﺑﻪ ﺷﻴﻮة ﺑﺮﺧﻂ و ﺑﺎ راه اﻧﺪازي وﺑﮕﺎه آن ﺑﻪ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻲ www.iranatlas.net ﺷﺮوع ﺑﻪ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﻛﺮد. در اﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﺑﺨﺶ ﻫﺎي ﮔﻮﻧﺎﮔﻮن اﻳﻦ ﭘﺮوژه ﻣﻲ ﭘﺮدازﻳﻢ و ﺳﭙﺲ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ اوﻟﻴﺔ آن اراﺋﻪ ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ.

2 . ﭘﻴﺸﻴﻨﺔ ﺗﻬﻴﺔ اﻃﻠﺲ زﺑﺎﻧﻲ در ﻏﺮب و در اﻳﺮان ﻧﺨﺴﺘﻴﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻛﻪ از آن ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮان ﺑﺎ ﻋﻨﻮان ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﻴﺎي ﮔﻮﻳﺸﻲ3 ﻳﺎد ﻛﺮد ﺑﻪ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﮔﺌﻮرگ وِﻧﻜﺮ 4 زﺑﺎن ﺷﻨﺎس و ﮔﻮﻳﺶ ﺷﻨﺎس آﻟﻤﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﺮﻣﻲ ﮔﺮدد. وي ﺑﻪ دو ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﻧﻘﺸﻪ ﺑﺴﻨﺪه ﻛﺮد ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ دﺳﺖ ﻛﺸﻴﺪه ﺷﺪه و ﻫﺮ ﻛﺪام وﻳﮋﮔﻲ ﻣﻨﻔﺮدي را ﺑﻪ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﻣﻲ ﻛﺸﻴﺪ. اﻳﻦ ﻧﻘﺸﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ 5 ﻋﻨﻮان اﻃﻠﺲ زﺑﺎﻧﻲ اﻣﭙﺮاﺗﻮري آﻟﻤﺎن ﻣﻄﺮح ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ، ﻧﺨﺴﺘﻴﻦ اﻃﻠﺲ زﺑﺎﻧﻲ ( Sprachatlas) ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮﺷﺪه ﻣﺤﺴﻮب ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد ( Chambers & Trudgill, 1998, pp. 15 - 16) ، اﻣﺎ اوﻟﻴﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﮔﻮﻳﺸﻲ زﺑﺎن اﻧﮕﻠﻴﺴﻲ ﺑﻪ اﺛﺮ اﻟﻜﺴﺎﻧﺪر اﻟﻴﺲ6 در ﺳﺎل 1889 ﺑﺮ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮدد ﻛﻪ در ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ، اﻧﮕﻠﺴﺘﺎن را ﺑﻪ 5 ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﮔﻮﻳﺸﻲ و 10 ﻣﺮز ﻫﻤﮕﻮﻳﻲ7 ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﻛﺮد ( Britain, 2012) . اﻃﻠﺲ 8 زﺑﺎﻧﻲ ﻓﺮاﻧﺴﻪ ( ALF) از دﻳﮕﺮ اﻃﻠﺲ ﻫﺎي ﻣﻄﺮح اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺟﻤﻊ آوري ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي زﺑﺎﻧﻲ روﻣﻲ ﺗﺒﺎر9 در ﻓﺮاﻧﺴﻪ ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ و در ﻓﺎﺻﻠﺔ ﺳﺎل ﻫﺎي 1902 ﺗﺎ 1910 در 13 ﺟﻠﺪ و از

1 . در ﺟﻬﺖ اﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﺛﺒﺖ و ﺿﺒﻂ ﮔﻮ ﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي در ﻣﻌﺮض ﺧﻄﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮان ﺑﻪ ﭘﺮ وژة ﺳ ﺎزﻣ ﺎن ﻳﻮ ﻧﺴﻜﻮ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻋﻨ ﻮان اﻃﻠﺲ زﺑﺎ ن ﻫ ﺎي در ﻣﻌﺮض ﺧﻄﺮ ﺟﻬﺎن ( http://www.unesco.org/languages -atlas/index.php )، ﭘﺮ وژة زﺑﺎن ﻫ ﺎي در ﻣﻌﺮض ﺧﻄﺮ ( ELP ) در داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﻫﺎ واﻳﻲ در ﻣﺎﻧ ﻮا ( http ://www.endangeredlanguages.com/lang/country/Iran )، ﺳﻤﭙ ﻮزﻳﻮم ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﻠﻠﻲ زﺑﺎﻧﻲ ﻫﺎي اﻳﺮاﻧﻲ در ﻣﻌﺮض ﺧﻄﺮ ( ISEIL ) و ﻫﻤﭽ ﻨﻴﻦ ﻣﺪرﺳﺔ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﺰي زﺑﺎن ﺷﻨ ﺎﺳﻲِ ﻣﺴﺘ ﻨﺪﺳﺎزي زﺑ ﺎن در ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺧﺎورﻣﻴﺎﻧﻪ و ﺷﻤ ﺎل آﻓﺮﻳﻘﺎ در ﺑﺮﻟﻴﻦ اﺷﺎره ﻛﺮد. 2 . Atlas of the Languages of Ir an (ALI) 3. dialect geography 4 . Georg W enker 5. Sprachatlas des Deutschen Reiches (Language atlas of the Germ an Em pire) 6 . Alexander Ellis 7 . isogloss 8 . Atlas ling uistique de la F rance 9 . Romance Downloaded from lrr.modares.ac.ir at 3:02 IRDT on Friday June 25th 2021 [ DOI: https://doi.org/10.29252/LRR.12.2.8 ] Downloaded from lrr.modares.ac.ir at 22:03 IRST on Thursday October 7th 2021 [ DOI: https://doi.org/10.29252/LRR.12.2.8 ]

246 ﺟﺴﺘﺎرﻫﺎي زﺑﺎﻧﻲ د ورة 12 ، ﺷﻤﺎرة 2 (ﭘﻴﺎﭘﻲ 62 )، ﺧﺮداد و ﺗﻴﺮ 1400

ﺳﻮي ژول ژﻳﻠﻴﻴﺮون و ادﻣﻮﻧﺪ ادﻣﻮ ﻧﺖ 10 ﺑﻪ اﻧﺠﺎم رﺳﻴﺪ ( Chambers & Trudgill, 1998 ). اوﻟﻴﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺔ ﻋﻤﺪة ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي زﺑﺎن اﻧﮕﻠﻴﺴﻲ در اﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﺑﻪ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻫﺎي ﻫﺎﻧﺲ ﻛﻮراث 11 ﺑﺮﻣﻲ ﮔﺮدد. ﻛﻮراث، اوﻟﻴﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺔ ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺎﺗﻲ ( 1934 ) ﺧﻮد را در ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﻧﻴﻮاﻧﮕﻠﻨﺪ آﻏﺎز ﻛﺮد. ﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﭘﺮوژه اي ﺑﺎ ﻋﻨﻮان اﻃﻠﺲ زﺑﺎﻧﻲ اﻳﺎﻻت ﻣﺘ ﺤﺪه 12، ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻧﻘﺸﻪ ﻫﺎي زﺑﺎﻧﻲ ﭘﺮاﻛﻨﺪﮔﻲ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ دﺳﺘﻮري، واژﮔﺎﻧﻲ و آواﻳﻲ ﭘﺮداﺧﺖ. از آﺛﺎر ﻣﺘﺄﺧﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮان ﺑﻪ « اﻃﻠﺲ 13 ﺟﻬﺎﻧﻲ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﻫﺎي زﺑﺎﻧﻲ» ( WALS) اﺷﺎره ﻛﺮد. اﻳﻦ اﻃﻠﺲ ﭘﺎﻳﮕﺎه دادﮔﺎﻧﻲ ﻋﻈﻴﻢ ﻣﺘﺸﻜﻞ از وﻳﮋﮔﻲ ﻫﺎي ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎري (واﺟﻲ، دﺳﺘﻮري و واژﮔﺎﻧﻲ) اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺖ 55 ﻣﺤﻘﻖ از زﺑﺎن ﻫﺎي ﻣﺘﻔﺎوت و ﺑﺎ ﺑﻬﺮه ﮔﻴﺮي از ﻛﺘﺎب ﻫﺎي دﺳﺘﻮر ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻔﻲ ﮔﺮدآوري ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ ( & Dryer Haspelmath, 2013) . از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ آﺛﺎر ﻣﻄﺮح دﻳﮕﺮ، اﻃﻠﺲ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﻫﺎي زﺑﺎﻧﻲ ﭘﻴﺠﻴﻦ و ﻛﺮﻳﻮل 14

( APiCS) اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﻻزم درﺑﺎرة 130 وﻳﮋﮔﻲ دﺳﺘﻮري و واژﮔﺎﻧﻲ از 76 زﺑﺎن ﭘﻴﺠﻴﻦ و ﻛﺮﻳﻮل از ﺳﺮﺗﺎﺳﺮ دﻧﻴﺎ را ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ آورده اﺳﺖ ( Michaelis et al., 2013) . ﭘﺮوژة ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺗﻲ اي ﻛﻪ ﺑﺨﺸﻲ از آن ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎ اﻳﺮان اﺳﺖ، در ﻓﺮاﻧﺴﻪ و در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﭘﺮوژة ﻋﻈﻴﻢ ﻟَﺒِﻜﺲ اي اف ال 15 و ﺑﺎ ﻋﻨﻮان « زﺑﺎن ﻫﺎ، ﮔﻮﻳﺶ ﻫﺎ و ﻣﺮزﻫﺎي ﻫﻤﮕﻮﻳﻲ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ اﻳﺮان ـ ﻗﻔﻘﺎز ـ آﺳﻴﺎي ﺻﻐﻴﺮ ـ ﺧﺎور ﻧﺰدﻳﻚ» 16 آﻏﺎز ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﺧﺮده ﺗﻨﻮع ﻫﺎي 17 ﻧﺤﻮي در زﺑﺎن ﻫﺎي ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﻏﺮب آﺳﻴﺎ ﻣﻲ ﭘﺮدازد. ﻫﺪف اﻳﻦ ﭘﺮوژه اﻧﮕﺎره ﺳﺎزيِ ﺗﻨﻮع زﺑﺎﻧﻲ در ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﺗﻤﺎس زﺑﺎﻧﻲ در ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﻣﺬﻛﻮر اﺳﺖ. اﻳﺪة ﺳﺎﺧﺖ اﻃﻠﺲ در اﻳﺮان ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎل ﻫﺎي ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺮﻣﻲ ﮔﺮدد و ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر دﺳﺘﻴﺎﺑﻲ ﺑﻪ اﻳﻦ ﻫﺪف ﺗﻼش ﻫﺎي زﻳﺎدي ﺻﻮرت ﮔﺮ ﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﺑﻪ اﺣﺘﻤﺎل زﻳﺎد، ﭘﺮوژة ژُرژ رِدار 18 ﺑﺎ ﻋﻨﻮان « اﻃﻠﺲ زﺑﺎﻧﻲ اﻳﺮان» 19 ﻧﺨﺴﺘﻴﻦ ﺗﻼش در اﻳﻦ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ آﻏﺎز آن ﺑﻪ دﻫﺔ 1960 ﻣﻴﻼدي ﺑﺮﻣﻲ ﮔﺮدد ( Anonby, 2015 ). داده ﻫﺎي زﺑﺎﻧﻲ اﻳﻦ اﻃﻠﺲ از 43 ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺟﻤﻊ آوري ﺷﺪ، اﻣﺎ داده ﻫﺎي آن ﻫﻨﻮز ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮ ﻧﺸﺪه اﺳﺖ (ﻫﻤﺎن). ﭘﺮوژة دﻳ ﮕﺮ در اﻳﻦ زﻣﻴﻨﻪ در اﻳﺮان، ﭘﺮوژة « ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ ﺳﺎز » ﻧﺎم داﺷﺖ ﻛﻪ در ﺳﺎل 1353 از ﺳﻮي ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﺴﺘﺎن زﺑﺎن اﻳﺮان و ﺑﺎ ﻫﻤﻜﺎري ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﺸﻮر ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﮔﺬاري ﺷﺪ. در اﻳﻦ ﭘﺮوژه ﻛﻪ ﺗﺎ ﻣﻬﺮﻣﺎه ﺳﺎل 1357 اداﻣﻪ داﺷﺖ از 14 ﻫﺰار آﺑﺎدي در ﺳﻄﺢ ﻛﺸﻮر ﺿﺒﻂ داده ﺻﻮرت ﮔﺮﻓﺖ (ﻣﺪرﺳﻲ، 1369 ؛ ﻫﺎﺷ ﻤﻲ، 1369 ). ﺑﻌﺪ از آن، ﭘﺮوژه ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪت ﺳﻪ ﺳﺎل ﻣﺘﻮﻗﻒ ﺷﺪ. ﻫﺎﺷﻤﻲ ( 1369 ، ﺻﺺ. 166 ـ 168 ) اﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ در ﺳﺎل 1360 ﻫﻤﺔ ﻧﻮارﻫﺎ و

10 . Jules Gilliéron & Edmond Edmont 11 12 . Hans Kurath . Ling uistic Atla s of the United States 13 . World Atlas o f Language Structu res 14 . Atlas of Pidgin and Creole La nguage S tructures 15 . LabEx EFL 16 . Languages, Dialects and Isoglosses of the Iran-Caucasus-Anatolia-Near-East Area 17 . microvariation 18 19 . Georges Redard . Atlas Lin guis tique de l’Iran Downloaded from lrr.modares.ac.ir at 3:02 IRDT on Friday June 25th 2021 [ DOI: https://doi.org/10.29252/LRR.12.2.8 ] Downloaded from lrr.modares.ac.ir at 22:03 IRST on Thursday October 7th 2021 [ DOI: https://doi.org/10.29252/LRR.12.2.8 ]

247 ﻣﺮﺗﻀﻲ ﻃﺎﻫﺮي اردﻟﻲ و ﻫﻤﻜﺎر ان اﻃﻠﺲ ﺑﺮﺧﻂ زﺑﺎن ﻫﺎي اﻳﺮان ...

ﭘﺮﺳﺶ ﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻫﺎ و اﺑﺰارِ ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻴﺎز ﻃﺮح ﻣﺬﻛﻮر ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﻣﺮدم ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﭘﻴﺪا ﻛﺮد و از ﻣﻬﺮ ﺳﺎل 1361 ﻛﺎر ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﮔﻮﻳﺶ ﻫﺎ آﻏﺎز ﺷﺪ. ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ا ﻟﻔﺒﺎي ﻧﺎم اﺳﺘﺎن ﻫﺎ و در ﻫﺮ اﺳﺘﺎن ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺣﺮوف اﻟﻔﺒﺎي ﻫﺮ ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن، ﻛﺎر ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎ ﻳﻲ ﻳﮔﻮ ﺶ ﻫﺎ ﺻﻮرت ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. از اﻳﻦ رو، اوﻟﻴﻦ اﺳﺘﺎن اﺻﻔﻬﺎن و اوﻟﻴﻦ ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن در اﻳﻦ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ اردﺳﺘﺎن ﺑﻮد. از اﻳﻦ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ داده ﻫﺎ، ﺑﻪ ﻛﻮﺷﺶ ﻣﺴﻌﻮد ﭘﻮررﻳﺎﺣﻲ و ﻫﻤﻜﺎران ﺳﻪ ﺟﻠﺪ ﺑﺎ ﻋﻨﻮان ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﮔﻮ ﻳﺶ ﻫﺎي اﻳﺮان درﺑﺎرة ﮔﻮﻳﺶ ﻫﺎي ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن اردﺳﺘﺎن، اﺻﻔﻬﺎن و ﺧﻮاﻧﺴﺎر ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ در ﺳﺎل ﻫﺎي 1362 ، 1367 و 1374 ﺑﻪ ﭼﺎپ رﺳﻴﺪ (ﻣﺪرﺳﻲ، 1369 ؛ رﺳﺘﻢ ﺑﻴﻚ ﺗﻔﺮﺷﻲ، 1394 ). ﭘ ﺮوژ ة ﻣﻠﻲ « اﻃﻠﺲ زﺑﺎﻧﻲ اﻳﺮان » از ﺳﺎل 1380 و ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺖ ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﮕﺮان ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﻜﺪ ة زﺑﺎن ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ، ﻛﺘﻴﺒﻪ ﻫﺎ و ﻣﺘﻮنِ ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﮕﺎه ﻣﻴﺮاث ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ و ﮔﺮدﺷﮕﺮي ﭘﻴﮕﻴﺮي ﺷﺪ (ﭘﺮﻣﻮن، 1385 ). اﻳﻦ ﭘﺮوژه ﺑﺮ ﭘﺎﻳﺔ ﭘﺮﺳﺶ ﻧﺎﻣﻪ اي ﻣﺘﺸﻜﻞ از 105 واژه و ﻋﺒﺎرت و 36 ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ رﻳﺰي ﺷﺪه و ﻫﺪف آن، ﮔﺮدآوري داده از آﺑﺎدي ﻫﺎي ﺑﺎﻻي ده ﺧﺎﻧﻮار در ﻛﻞ ﻛﺸﻮر اﺳ ﺖ ( ﺧﺒﺮﮔﺰاري ﺻﺪا و ﺳﻴﻤﺎ، 12 اردﻳﺒﻬﺸﺖ 95 ؛ Akhlaghi, 2020 ). در اﻳﻦ ﭘﺮوژه ﻛﻪ از آن ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﺰﻟﺔ ﻓﺎز دوم ( 1380 ) و ﺳﻮم ( 1394 ) ﻃﺮح ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﺴﺎز ﻳﺎد ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد، ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﮕﺮان ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﺪﻫﻲ داده ﻫﺎي ﮔﺮدآوري ﺷﺪه از ﭘﺮوژة ﭘﻴﺸﻴﻦ و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ، ﺑﻪ ﮔﺮدآوري داده ﻫﺎ از اﺳﺘﺎن ﻫﺎي ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﺒﺎدرت ورزﻳﺪﻧﺪ (اﺧﻼﻗﻲ، 1397 ). ﻗﺮار اﺳﺖ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ داده ﻫﺎي اﻳﻦ ﭘﺮوژه ﻛﻪ در ﺑﺮﺧﻲ از اﺳﺘﺎن ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺎﻳﺎن رﺳﻴﺪه و در ﺑﺮﺧﻲ دﻳﮕﺮ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﺎن در ﺟﺮﻳﺎن اﺳﺖ، در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻧﺮم اﻓﺰار اﻃﻠﺲ زﺑﺎﻧﻲ اﻳﺮان اراﺋﻪ ﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ ﻫﻨﻮز در دﺳﺘﺮس ﻋﻤﻮم و زﺑﺎن ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎن ﻗﺮار ﻧﮕﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﭘﺮوژة « اﻃﻠﺲ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ زﺑﺎﻧﻲ ارس ـ اﻳﺮان» 20 از ﺳﻮي دوﻧﺎﻟﺪ اﺳﺘﻴﻠﻮ 21 ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ﺟﻤﻊ آوري داده از ﻣ ﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻗﻔﻘﺎز ﺟﻨﻮﺑﻲ، ﺷﺮق آﺳﻴﺎي ﺻﻐﻴﺮ، ﺷﻤﺎل ﻋﺮاق و ﻣﺮﻛﺰ و ﺷﻤﺎل ﻏﺮﺑﻲ اﻳﺮان در ﺟﺮﻳﺎن اﺳﺖ ( ,Stilo 2016 & 2007) . اﺳﺘﻴﻠﻮ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ اﻳﻦ داده ﻫﺎ ﺗﻤﺮﻛﺰ ﺧﻮد را روي وﻳﮋﮔﻲ ﻫﺎي زﺑﺎن ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻲ ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده ﻫﺎي زﺑﺎﻧﻲ در اﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ، ﺑﻪ وﻳﮋه ﻧﻮاﺣﻲ داراي ﻫﻢ ﮔﺮاﻳﻲ زﺑﺎﻧﻲ ( Sprachbünde ) ﻗﺮار داده اﺳﺖ. اﮔﺮﭼﻪ اﻳﻦ اﻃﻠﺲ ﻛﻞ ﻛﺸﻮر اﻳﺮان را درﺑﺮﻧﻤﻲ ﮔﻴﺮد، اﻣﺎ ﻳﻚ ﮔﺎم ﺑﺴﻴﺎر ﺑﺰرگ در ﺗﻬﻴﺔ اﻃﻠﺲ زﺑﺎﻧﻲ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ از آن در ﺟﺎي ﺟﺎي ﭘﺮوژة « اﻃﻠﺲ زﺑﺎن ﻫﺎي اﻳﺮان » (ﭘﺮوژة ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺤﺚ در اداﻣﺔ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ) اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻫﺎ در اﻃﻠﺲ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ زﺑﺎﻧﻲ ارس ـ اﻳ ﺮان ﺑﺮ ﭘﺎﻳﺔ 350 وﻳﮋﮔ ﻲ زﺑﺎن ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻲ (ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﻫﺎي دﺳﺘﻮري، وﻳﮋﮔﻲ ﻫﺎي واﺟﻲ و واژﮔﺎن) اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ از ﻧﻘﺎط ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻲ از ﻧﻮاﺣﻲ ﻣﺬﻛﻮر ﺟﻤﻊ آوري ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. از وﻳﮋﮔﻲ ﻫﺎي ﺑﺎرز اﻳﻦ اﻃﻠﺲ، اراﺋﺔ داده ﻫﺎي زﺑﺎﻧﻲ و

20 . Atlas of the A raxes-Iran Linguistic Area 21 . Donald Stilo Downloaded from lrr.modares.ac.ir at 3:02 IRDT on Friday June 25th 2021 [ DOI: https://doi.org/10.29252/LRR.12.2.8 ] Downloaded from lrr.modares.ac.ir at 22:03 IRST on Thursday October 7th 2021 [ DOI: https://doi.org/10.29252/LRR.12.2.8 ]

248 ﺟﺴﺘﺎرﻫﺎي زﺑﺎﻧﻲ د ورة 12 ، ﺷﻤﺎرة 2 (ﭘﻴﺎﭘﻲ 62 )، ﺧﺮداد و ﺗﻴﺮ 1400

ﺑﺎزﻧﻤﺎﻳﻲ آن ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻧﻘﻄﻪ اي و ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﮔﻴﺮي درﺑﺎرة ﻣﺮزﻫﺎي ﮔﻮﻳﺸﻲ ﺑﺮ ﭘﺎﻳﺔ داده ﻫﺎﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ در ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﻫﺎي ﭘﻴﺸﻴﻦ ﻣﻐﻔﻮل ﻣﺎﻧﺪه ﺑﻮد. از ﺟﻤﻠﺔ دﻳﮕﺮ آﺛﺎر ﻣﻬﻢ و ﮔﻔﺘﻨﻲ در اﻳﻦ زﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮان ﺑﻪ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﭘﺎﻳﺎن ﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ اﺷﺎره ﻛﺮد ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ راﻫﻨﻤﺎﻳﻲ اﻳﺮان ﻛﻠﺒﺎﺳﻲ در ﺟﺎي ﺟﺎي ﻛﺸﻮر و در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻃﺮﺣﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻃﺮح ﻣﻠﻲ ﮔﻮﻳﺶ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ اﻳﺮان اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. از آن ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮان ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ 40 روﺳﺘﺎ در اﺳﺘﺎن اﻳﻼم (ﺑﺎزﻳﺎر، 1391 ) اﺷﺎره ﻛﺮد. در اﻳﻦ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻧﻴﺰ، ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮان ﺑﻪ آﺛﺎري اﺷﺎره ﻛﺮد ﻛﻪ اﻗﺪام ﺑﻪ ﺗﻬﻴﺔ اﻃﻠﺲ ﻫﺎي زﺑﺎﻧﻲ از ﺑﺨﺶ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ از ﻛﺸﻮر ﻛﺮده اﻧﺪ. ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺜﺎل، ﭘﺎﭘﻠﻲ ﻳﺰدي ( 1376 )، رﺿﺎﻗﻠﻲ ﻓﺎﻣﻴﺎن ( 1389 )، ﺑﺼﻴﺮت و رﺿﺎﻗﻠﻲ ﻓﺎﻣﻴﺎن ( 1390 )، اﺳﺪﭘﻮر ( 1391 )، ﻧﺠﻔﻴﺎن و ﻫﻤﻜﺎران ( 1393 )، رﺳﺘﻢ ﺑﻴﻚ ﺗﻔﺮﺷﻲ ( 1394 ، 1395 )، آﻗﺎﮔﻞ زاده ( 1394 )، ﻣﻮﻻﻳﻲ ﻛﻮﻫﺒﻨﺎﻧﻲ و آﻫﻨﮕﺮ ( 1396 ) و ﻧﺠﻔﻴﺎن و ﻫﻤﻜﺎران ( 1396 ). ). ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻫﺎي ارزﺷﻤﻨﺪ ﺻﻮرت ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻛﻪ در ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ ذﻛﺮ ﺷﺪه ﺑﻪ آن ﻫﺎ اﺷﺎره ﺷﺪ، ﻫﻨﻮز ﻫﻴﭻ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ اﻃﻠﺲ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻲ ﺑﺮاي زﺑﺎن ﻫﺎي اﻳﺮان ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻧﺸﺪ ه اﺳﺖ، اﻣﺎ ﻧﻘﺸﻪ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ زﺑﺎﻧﻲ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺷﺪه ﻛﻪ ﺷﺶ ﻣﻮرد از آن ﻫﺎ در اﻳﻨﺠﺎ ﮔﻔﺘﻨﻲ اﺳﺖ: ﻧﺨﺴﺖ، ﻧﻘﺸﺔ ﺑﺮوك و آﭘِﻨﭽِﻨﻜﻮ 22 ( ,1964 pp. 70 - 71 ) در اﻃﻠﺲ ﻧﺎردف ﻣﻴﺮا 23 ؛ دوم، ﻧﻘﺸﺔ زﺑﺎﻧﻲ اُرﻳﻮال 24 ( 1988 ) در ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺗﺎوو 25 ؛ ﺳﻮم، ﻧﻘﺸﺔ ﺧﺎﻧﻮادة زﺑﺎن ﻫﺎي اﻳﺮاﻧﻲ در ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ زﺑﺎن ﻫﺎي اﻳﺮان Schmitt, 1989 ) 26) ؛ ﭼﻬﺎرم، 27 ﻧﻘﺸﺔ ﺑﺮوزﺷﺪة زﺑﺎن ﻫﺎي اﻳﺮاﻧﻲ از ﺳﻮي وﻳﻨﺪﻓﻮر ( 2009 ) و در ﻫﻤﺎن ﻓﺼﻞ، ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﻓﺼﻞ دوم از اﺛﺮ، ﻧﻘﺸﻪ اي ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ زﺑﺎن ﻫﺎي ﻏﻴﺮاﻳﺮاﻧﻲ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ اﺧﺘﺼﺎص دارد؛ ﭘﻨﺠﻢ، ﻧﻘﺸﺔ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ زﺑﺎﻧﻲ اﻳﺮان ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﺷﺪه از ﺳﻮي اﻳﺰدي ( 2013 - 2006 ) و در آﺧﺮ ﻧﻘﺸﺔ ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮ ﺷﺪه در اﻳﺮاﻧﻜﺎرﺗﻮ (اورﻛﻴﺪ 28 و ﻫﻤﻜﺎران، 2012 : ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﻣﻠ ﻲ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ يﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻤ ﻲ ﻓﺮاﻧﺴﻪ 29 و داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﺗﻬﺮان). ﺑﺤﺚ درﺑﺎرة ﻫﺮ ﻳﻚ از اﻳﻦ ﻧﻘﺸﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻣﺠﺎل دﻳﮕﺮي را ﻣﻲ ﻃﻠﺒﺪ، اﻣﺎ از ﻣﻬﻢ ﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻧﻜﺎت ﮔﻔﺘﻨﻲ اﻳﻦ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻫﻴﭻ ﻳﻚ از اﻳﻦ ﻧﻘﺸﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻫﻴﭻ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ دادة زﺑﺎﻧﻲ واﻗﻌﻲ (ﭼﻪ در ﺳﻄﺢ واژﮔﺎن، واﺟﻲ، ﺻﺮ ﻓﻲ ﻳﺎ ﻧﺤﻮي) اراﺋﻪ ﻧﻤﻲ دﻫﻨﺪ و ﺣﺘﻲ ﻧﻘﺸﻪ اي ﻛﻪ ﺣﺎوي ﻳﻚ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ داده زﺑﺎﻧﻲ از ﻛﻞ ﻛﺸﻮر اﻳﺮان ﺑﺎﺷﺪ، ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻧﺸﺪه اﺳﺖ. 30

3 . ﺿﺮورت ﺗﻬﻴﺔ اﻃﻠﺲ زﺑﺎﻧﻲ در اﻳﺮان 31 از اواﺳﻂ ﻗﺮن ﺑﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺗﺎﻛﻨﻮن، ﺗﻼش ﻫﺎي ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮي ﭼﻪ در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻳﻚ اﻃﻠﺲ زﺑﺎﻧﻲ و ﭼﻪ در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻧﻘﺸﻪ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ در اﺑﻌﺎد و اﻧﺪازة ﻛﻞ ﻛﺸﻮر ﺑﺮاي ﺑﻪ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﻛﺸﻴﺪن زﺑﺎن ﻫﺎي اﻳﺮان اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ

22 . Bru k & Apenchenko 23 . Atlas Nar odov Mira (Atlas of the peop les of the world) 24 . Ory wal 25 . TAVO ( Tübinger Atlas des Vorderen Orien ts (Tübingen Atlas of the Middle East)) 26 . Compendium Linguarum Iranica rum (Compendium of the languages of Iran) 27 . Windfuhr 28 . Hourcade 29 . Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CN RS) 30 . اﻳﻦ ﺑﻨﺪ از ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﺮﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ از ارا ﺋﺔ ﺷﻔ ﺎﻫﻲ آﻧﻮ ﻧﺒﻲ ( 2015 ) اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ در ﺷﺸﻤﻴﻦ ﻫﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﻠﻠﻲ زﺑ ﺎن ﺷﻨ ﺎﺳﻲ اﻳﺮاﻧﻲ در ﺗﻔﻠﻴﺲ ﮔﺮﺟﺴﺘ ﺎن ارا ﺋﻪ ﺷﺪ. 31 . Anonby , Taheri-Ardali & Hayes, "The Atlas of the Languages of Iran (ALI): A Research Overview". Downloaded from lrr.modares.ac.ir at 3:02 IRDT on Friday June 25th 2021 [ DOI: https://doi.org/10.29252/LRR.12.2.8 ] Downloaded from lrr.modares.ac.ir at 22:03 IRST on Thursday October 7th 2021 [ DOI: https://doi.org/10.29252/LRR.12.2.8 ]

249 ﻣﺮﺗﻀﻲ ﻃﺎﻫﺮي اردﻟﻲ و ﻫﻤﻜﺎر ان اﻃﻠﺲ ﺑﺮﺧﻂ زﺑﺎن ﻫﺎي اﻳﺮان ...

اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺎ وﺟﻮد اﻳﻦ، اﻳﻦ ﻫﺪف ﻫﻨﻮز ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺤﻘﻖ ﻧﺸﺪه اﺳﺖ و اﻳﻦ ﻋﺪم ﻣﻮﻓﻘﻴﺖ دﻻﻳﻞ ﻣﺘﻔﺎوﺗﻲ دارد ﻛﻪ از آن ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮان ﺑﻪ ﺗﻨﻮع زﺑﺎﻧﻲ ﮔﺴﺘﺮده در ﻛﻞ ﻛﺸﻮر اﺷﺎره ﻛﺮد. اﻳﺮان ﻛﺸﻮري اﺳﺖ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻨﻮع زﺑﺎﻧﻲ ﮔﺴﺘﺮده ﻛﻪ ﺧﺎﻧﻮا ده ﻫﺎي زﺑﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﺘﻨﻮﻋﻲ از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ اﻳﺮاﻧﻲ، ﺗﺮﻛﻲ، ﺳﺎﻣﻲ، ﻫﻨﺪي، دراوﻳﺪي 32 ، ارﻣﻨﻲ، ﻛﺎرﺗﻮﻟﻲ 33 و زﺑﺎن ﻫﺎي اﺷﺎره را در ﺑﺮﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮد (ﭘﻴﺮاﻣﻮن زﺑﺎن ﻫﺎي ﺗﺮﻛﻲ در ازﻳﺮان ﻧﻚ: Anonby, Taheri-Ardali, Schreiber et al., 2020 ). از اﻳﻦ رو، ﺛﺒﺖ و ﺿﺒﻂ اﻳﻦ ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده ﻫﺎي زﺑﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻫﺮﻳﻚ ده ﻫﺎ و ﺷﺎﻳﺪ ﺻﺪﻫﺎ ﮔﻮﻧﺔ زﺑﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﺘﻌﺪد را ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد ﺑﻪ دﺷﻮاري ﻣﻴﺴﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد. از دﻳﮕﺮ دﻻﻳﻞ ﻋﺪم ﻣﻮﻓﻘﻴﺖ، ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮان ﺑﻪ ﺣﺠﻢ ﻋﻈﻴﻢ ﭘﺮوژه و ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ و اﺟﺮاي آن اﺷﺎره ﻛﺮد. ﻧﺒﻮد اﺗﻔﺎق ﻧﻈﺮ درﻣﻮرد ﻣﻮﺿﻮع ﻫﻮﻳﺖ زﺑﺎﻧﻲ 34 در ﻛﺸﻮر و ﻧﻈﺮات ﻣﺘﻌﺪد و ﮔﺎه ﻣﺘﻀﺎد ﻧﻴﺰ از دﻳﮕﺮ ﻣﻮاﻧﻊ اﺳﺖ 35 . ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺜﺎل ، ﺗﻔﺎوت زﺑﺎن و ﮔﻮﻳﺶ در ﭼﻴﺴﺖ؟ ﭼﻨﺪ زﺑﺎن در اﻳﺮان ﺻﺤﺒﺖ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد؟ اﻳﻦ ﭘﺮﺳﺶ ﻫﺎ در ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻫﺎي 36 ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﻪ ﺟﻮاب ﻫﺎي ﻧﺎﻫﻤﺎﻧﻨﺪي ﻣﻨﺘﺞ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﭘﺮوژة اﻳﺮاﻧﻜﺎرﺗﻮ ﻛﻪ از ﺳﻮي داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﺗﻬﺮان ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ ﺗﻌﺪاد 6 ﻳﺎ 7 زﺑﺎن را ﻣﻄﺮح ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ. زﺑﺎن ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎن ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺘﻲ ﺑﻴﻦ 10 ﺗﺎ 40 زﺑﺎن را درﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ، اﻣﺎ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻌﻲ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﭘﺮوژة زﺑﺎن ﻫﺎي در ﻣﻌﺮض ﺧﻄﺮ 37 و اﺗﻨﻮﻟﻮگ 38 ( 2017 ) ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ 56 و 80 زﺑﺎن را در اﻳﺮان ﻣﺪ ﻧﻈﺮ دارد. در اﻳﻨﺠﺎ ﻛﺪام ﻳﻚ از اﻳﻦ ارﻗﺎم ﺻﺤﻴﺢ اﺳﺖ؟ ﭼﺮا ﺗﻀﺎرب آرا در اﻳﻦ زﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﮔﺴﺘﺮده اﺳﺖ؟ اﻳﻦ ﻫﺎ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﺨﺸﻲ از ﭘﺮﺳﺶ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺤﺚ درﺑﺎرة آن ﻫﺎ در اﻳﻦ ﻣﺠﺎل ﻧﻤﻲ ﮔﻨﺠﺪ. اﻧﺘﺸﺎر ﻣﺤﺪود ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺑﺮﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ از ﭘﺮوژه ﻫﺎ در اﻳﻦ ﺣﻮزه از دﻳﮕﺮ دﻻﻳﻞ ﻋﺪم ﻣﻮﻓﻘﻴﺖ در اﻧﺠﺎم اﻳﻦ اﻣﺮ ﺧﻄﻴﺮ اﺳﺖ. ﮔﺎه ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻫﺎي ارزﺷﻤﻨﺪي اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ، اﻣﺎ اﻧﺘﺸﺎر ﺑﺮوﻧﺪاد اﻳﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻴﻮة ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﻲ اﻧﺠﺎم ﻧﺸﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﻫﻤﻜﺎري ﻣﺤﺪود ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼﺎن ﻓﻦ در ﺣ ﻮزة زﺑﺎن ﻫﺎ و ﮔﻮﻳﺶ ﻫﺎي اﻳﺮان، از دﻳﮕﺮ دﻻﻳﻞ ﻣﻬﻢ اﺳﺖ. ﻧﺒﻮد ﻫﻤﻜﺎري ﻻزم ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼﺎن اﻳﺮاﻧﻲ و ﻏﺮﺑﻲ از ﻣﻮاردي اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺷﺎﻳﺪ ﺳﺒﺐ ﻋﺪم ﭘﻴﺸﺮﻓﺖ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ در ﺑﻪ ﺳﺮاﻧﺠﺎم رﺳﺎﻧﺪن ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﭘﺮوژه ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد. در ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ، اﺟﺮاي ﻃﺮح اﻃﻠﺲ زﺑﺎﻧﻲ در ﻫﺮ ﻛﺸﻮري رﺳﺎﻟﺘﻲ اﺳﺖ ﺑﺲ دﺷﻮار و ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﻣﺸﺨﺺ اﻳﻦ دﺷﻮاري ﺑﺮاي ﻛﺸﻮر اﻳﺮان ﺑﻪ دﻻﻳﻞ ﻣﺬﻛﻮر ﻣﻀﺎﻋﻒ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد . از اﻳﻦ روﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ از ﭘﺮوژه ﻫﺎ در در ﺳﺎل ﻫﺎي اﺧﻴﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻣﻮﻗﺖ، ﻣﺘﻮﻗﻒ ﺷﺪه اﻧﺪ و ﻳﺎ اﻧﺠﺎم آن ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺸﻜﻼﺗﻲ روﺑﻪ رو ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ . .

32 . Dravidian 33 . Kartvelian 34 . language identity 35 36 . Anonby & Sabethemm atabadi, "Representing complementary user perspectives in a language atlas". . Irancarto 37 . Endangered Languages Project (ELP) 38 . Ethnologue Downloaded from lrr.modares.ac.ir at 3:02 IRDT on Friday June 25th 2021 [ DOI: https://doi.org/10.29252/LRR.12.2.8 ] Downloaded from lrr.modares.ac.ir at 22:03 IRST on Thursday October 7th 2021 [ DOI: https://doi.org/10.29252/LRR.12.2.8 ]

250 ﺟﺴﺘﺎرﻫﺎي زﺑﺎﻧﻲ د ورة 12 ، ﺷﻤﺎرة 2 (ﭘﻴﺎﭘﻲ 62 )، ﺧﺮداد و ﺗﻴﺮ 1400

ﺑﺎ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ ﻣﻮرد اﺷﺎره در ﺑﺨﺶ ﻫﺎي ذﻛﺮ ﺷﺪه، ﻧﻴﺎز ﺑﻪ ﻳﻚ اﻃﻠﺲ زﺑﺎﻧﻲ ﺟﺎﻣﻊ، دﻗﻴﻖ، ﻛﺎرآﻣﺪ، روزآﻣﺪ و در دﺳﺘﺮس، در اﻳﺮان ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺑﻲ اﺣﺴﺎس ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد، اﻣﺎ ﺑﺮاي دﺳﺘﻴﺎﺑﻲ ﺑﻪ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﻫﺪف ﺑﺰرﮔﻲ ﭼﻪ ﻧﻜﺎﺗﻲ را ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻟﺤﺎظ ﻛﺮد؛ از ﻣﻬﻢ ﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻮارد، ﻫﻤﻜﺎري و ﺑﻬﺮه ﮔﻴﺮي از داﻧﺶ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼﺎن، ﭘﺮدازش ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ زﻳﺎدي از داده ﻫﺎي زﺑﺎﻧﻲ، ﺗﻔﺎوت ﻗﺎﺋﻞ ﺷﺪن ﺑﻴﻦ زﺑﺎ ن و ﻗﻮﻣﻴﺖ، ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻛﺮدن ﻣﺮز ﺑﻴﻦ ﮔﻮﻳﺶ و زﺑﺎن و ﻫﻢ ﭘﻮﺷﺎﻧﻲ آن ﻫﺎ، ﺗﻤﺮﻛﺰ ﺑﺮ داده ﻫﺎي زﺑﺎﻧﻲ ﺟﻤﻊ آ وري ﺷﺪه از آﺑﺎدي ﻫﺎ و اﺳﺘﻨﺎد ﺑﻪ آن ﻫﺎ، ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ آوردن ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺘﻮان داده ﻫﺎي ﭘﺮاﻛﻨﺪﮔﻲ زﺑﺎﻧﻲ و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ، داده ﻫﺎي زﺑﺎﻧﻲ ﺟﻤﻊ آوري ﺷﺪه را از ﺳﻮي ﻛﺎرﺑﺮان و دﻳﮕﺮ ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼﺎن ﻗﻀﺎو ت و ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻛﺮد و در ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ اﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺑﺘﻮان اﻃﻼﻋﺎت اﻃﻠﺲ را ﺑﺎ دﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ آزاد در اﺧﺘﻴﺎر ﺗﻤﺎم ﻛﺎرﺑﺮان ﻗﺮار داد ﺗﺎ از ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ آن ﺑﻬﺮه ﺑﺒﺮﻧﺪ.

4 . اﻃﻠﺲ زﺑﺎن ﻫﺎي اﻳﺮان اﻃﻠﺲ زﺑﺎن ﻫﺎي اﻳﺮان ﻳﺎ « اَزﻳﺮان » ﻋﻨﻮان ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺔ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺗﻲ ﺑﺮﺧﻄﻲ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺴﺘﻨﺪﺳﺎزي ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي زﺑﺎﻧﻲ و ﺗﻬﻴﺔ ﻧﻘﺸﻪ ﻫﺎي ﭘﺮاﻛﻨﺪﮔﻲ زﺑﺎﻧﻲ و داده ﻫﺎي زﺑﺎﻧﻲِ درونِ ﻣﺮز ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﻴﺎي اﻳﺮان ﻣﻲ ﭘﺮدازد. اﻳﻦ ﭘﺮوژه داراي اﺑﻌﺎد ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﻲ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻫﺮ ﻳﻚ در اﻳﻨﺠﺎ در زﻳﺮﺑﺨﺶ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺠﺰاﻳﻲ ﺑﺤﺚ و ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد. 39

4 1ـ . ﻫﺪف ﻏﺎﻳﻲ در ازﻳﺮان ﻫﺪف ﻏﺎﻳﻲ در اﻳﻦ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺔ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺗﻲ، اراﺋﺔ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮي ﻛﻠﻲ از وﺿﻌﻴﺖ زﺑﺎﻧﻲ و رده ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻲِ زﺑﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﺸﻮر اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺮاي رﺳﻴﺪن ﺑﻪ اﻳﻦ ﻫﺪف، ﺗﻬﻴﺔ ﻧﻘﺸﻪ ﻫﺎي ﭘﺮاﻛﻨﺪﮔﻲ زﺑﺎﻧﻲ و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ، ﻧﻘﺸﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺑﺮﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ از داده ﻫﺎي زﺑﺎﻧﻲ در ﻛﻨﺎر ﺗﻬﻴﺔ ﭘﻴﻜﺮه اي ﻣﺘﺸﻜﻞ از داده ﻫﺎي ﺻﻮﺗﻲ و ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮي از ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي زﺑﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﺘﻔﺎوت ﻛﺸﻮر، در دﺳﺘﻮر ﻛﺎر ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ، در اﻳﻦ اﻃﻠﺲ ﺑﺮآﻧﻴﻢ ﺗﺎ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺮﺳﺶ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ آورده ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد ﭘﺎﺳﺦ دﻫﻴﻢ: ـ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ يﻫﺎ زﺑﺎن ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻲ ﺑﺎرز زﺑﺎن ﻫﺎ و ﮔﻮﻳ ﺶ يﻫﺎ ﻳا ﺮان ﻛﺪام اﺳﺖ و ﻫﻤﭽﻨ ،ﻦﻴ ،ﻦﻴ ﭘﺮاﻛﻨﺪﮔﻲ ﺟﻐﺮاﻓ ﺎﻴ ﻳﻲ ﻳﻫﺮ ﻚ از ا ﻦﻳ ﻣﺸﺨﺼ ﻪ يﻫﺎ زﺑﺎﻧ ﻲ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﻪ اﺳﺖ؟

39 . ﺟﻌﻔﺮي دﻫﻘﻲ، « اﻃ ﻠﺲ آ ﻧﻼﻳﻦ زﺑﺎن ﻫ ﺎي اﻳﺮان ». ». Downloaded from lrr.modares.ac.ir at 3:02 IRDT on Friday June 25th 2021 [ DOI: https://doi.org/10.29252/LRR.12.2.8 ] Downloaded from lrr.modares.ac.ir at 22:03 IRST on Thursday October 7th 2021 [ DOI: https://doi.org/10.29252/LRR.12.2.8 ]

251 ﻣﺮﺗﻀﻲ ﻃﺎﻫﺮي اردﻟﻲ و ﻫﻤﻜﺎر ان اﻃﻠﺲ ﺑﺮﺧﻂ زﺑﺎن ﻫﺎي اﻳﺮان ...

ـ ﻦﻳا ﮔﻮﻧﻪ يﻫﺎ زﺑﺎﻧ ﻲ در ﻛﺪام ﻗﺴﻤﺖ از ﻳا ﺮان ﺻﺤﺒﺖ ﻣ ﻲ ﺷﻮد و ا ﻦﻳ ﻣﺴﺌﻠﻪ در ﻣﻘﺎﻳ ﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﭘﺮاﻛﻨﺪﮔﻲ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ يﻫﺎ زﺑﺎﻧ ﻲ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﻪ اﺳﺖ؟ ـ ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼﺎن ﻓﻦ و زﺑﺎن وران ﭼﮕﻮﻧﻪ ا ﻦﻳ زﺑﺎن ﻫﺎ را دﺳﺘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي ﻣ ﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ و در اﻳﻦ ﺑﻴﻦ دﺳﺘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪ ي ﻫﺎي زﺑﺎﻧﻲِ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﻣ ﻲ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﭘ ﺪاﻴ ﻛﻨﺪ؟

4 2ـ . ﺗﻴﻢ اﻃﻠﺲ و ﻧﻬﺎدﻫﺎي ﻫﻤﻜﺎر در ازﻳﺮان ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﮕﺮان ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﻲ در ﻧﻘﺶ ﻫﻤﻜﺎر و ﻣﺸﺎورِ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺗﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت داوﻃﻠﺒﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﻪ ﭘﻴﺸﺒﺮد اﻃﻠﺲ ﻛﻤﻚ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ. ﻧﺰدﻳﻚ ﺑﻪ 90 ﻧﻔﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﺰﻟﺔ ﻋﻀﻮ داوﻃﻠﺐ 40 در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﺗﻴﻢ ﻫﺎي اﺳﺘﺎﻧﻲ (ﻫﻢ اﻛﻨﻮن 19 اﺳﺘﺎن 41 از 31 اﺳﺘﺎن ﻛﺸﻮر ﻣﺸﻐﻮل ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ اﺳﺖ.) و در ﺳﻄﻮح ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ، ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ اﻃﻠﺲ ﻛﻤﻚ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ. داده ﻫﺎي زﺑﺎﻧﻲ ﭘﺲ از ﺟﻤﻊ آو ري از ﺳﻮي ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﮕﺮان ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎرﮔﻴﺮي روش ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﻣﻮرد اﺗﺨﺎذ اﻃﻠﺲ ﺻﻮرت ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮد، در اﺧﺘﻴﺎر اﻃﻠﺲ ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺎرﮔﺬاري ﻗﺮار ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮد. ﺳﭙﺲ، دادهﻫﺎ ﭘﺲ از ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ از ﺳﻮي وﻳﺮاﺳﺘﺎران ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ، ﺑﺮ روي وﺑﮕﺎه ازﻳﺮان ﺑﺎرﮔﺬاري ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد. در ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺖ، ازﻳﺮان ﻣﻨﺒﻌﻲ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻫﺮ ﻳﻚ از ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎن و ﻛ ﺎرﺑﺮان ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮاﻧﻨﺪ در آن ﻧﻈﺮ ﺧﻮد را درﺑﺎرة ﻫﺮ ﮔﻮﻧﺔ زﺑﺎﻧﻲ در اﻳﺮان ﺑﺎ دﻳﮕﺮان ﺑﻪ اﺷﺘﺮاك ﺑﮕﺬارﻧﺪ. ﻧﻬﺎدﻫﺎي ﻫﻤﻜﺎرِ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﻲ از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﻛﺎرﻟﺘﻮن، داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﺷﻬﺮﻛﺮد، داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﺧﻠﻴﺞ ﻓﺎرس ﺑﻮﺷﻬﺮ، داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﻟَﻴﺪن 42 در ﻫﻠﻨﺪ و داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﺑﺎﻣﺒﺮگ 43 در آﻟﻤﺎن ﺑﺎ ﭘﺮوژه ﻫﻤﻜﺎري دارﻧﺪ. ﺑﻮ دﺟﺔ ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﻲ ﭘﺮوژه از ﺳﻮي ﺷﻮراي ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﻲ ﻋﻠﻮم اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ و ﻋﻠﻮم اﻧﺴﺎﻧﻲ 44 در ﻛﺎﻧﺎدا و ﻣﻮﺳﺴﺔ آﻟﻜﺴﺎﻧﺪر ﻓﺎن ﻫﻮﻣﺒﻮﻟﺖ 45 در ﻛﺸﻮر آﻟﻤﺎن ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ اﻳﻦ ﺑﻮدﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﻋﻤﺪه ﺻﺮف زﻳﺮﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﻫﺎ، ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺑﺴﺘﺮ ﻧﺮم اﻓﺰاري وﺑﮕﺎه اﻃﻠﺲ و ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﻃﻮر ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻧﺎﺷﻲ از اﻧﺠﺎم ﻛﺎر ﻣﻴﺪا ﻧﻲ، ﺑﺮﮔﺰاري ﺟﻠﺴﻪ ﻫﺎي و اراﺋﺔ ﺳﺨﻨﺮاﻧﻲ ﺣﻮل ﻣﺤﻮر اﻃﻠﺲ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد. ﮔﻔﺘﻨﻲ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ارزش اﻧﺠﺎم ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﻃﺮح ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺗﻲ ﺑﺴﻴﺎر ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ از ﺑﻮدﺟﺔ ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﻲ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ از ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﻫﺎي ﻣﺬﻛﻮر ﺑﺮاي اﻧﺠﺎم اﻳﻦ ﭘﺮوژه درﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ.

40 . ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺖ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ اﻋ ﻀﺎي ﺗﻴﻢ ازﻳﺮان در وﺑﮕﺎه اﻃﻠﺲ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد و از ﻟﻴﻨﻚ زﻳﺮ در دﺳﺘﺮس اﺳﺖ: http://iranatlas.net/module/atlas team 41 . ﻫﺮﻣﺰﮔ ﺎن، ﭼﻬ ﺎرﻣﺤ ﺎل و ﺑﺨﺘﻴ ﺎر ،ي ﻛﺮدﺳﺘ ﺎن، ﺑﻮﺷ ﻬﺮ، اﻳ ﻼم، ﻛﺮﻣﺎﻧﺸﺎه، ﺳﻴ ﺴﺘﺎن و ﺑﻠ ﻮﭼﺴﺘ ﺎن، ﻣﺎزﻧﺪران، زﻧﺠ ﺎن، ﺧ ﻮزﺳﺘ ﺎن، ﻟﺮﺳﺘ ﺎن، ﺧﺮاﺳ ﺎن ﺟﻨﻮﺑ ،ﻲ ا ﺻﻔﻬﺎن، ﻓﺎرس، ﻗﺰ وﻳ ﻦ، ﮔﻴﻼن، ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ي، ﻫﻤﺪان و ﺳﻤﻨﺎن. 42 . Leiden 43 . Bam berg 44 . Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council (SSHRC) 45 . Alexander von Humboldt Fou ndation Downloaded from lrr.modares.ac.ir at 3:02 IRDT on Friday June 25th 2021 [ DOI: https://doi.org/10.29252/LRR.12.2.8 ] Downloaded from lrr.modares.ac.ir at 22:03 IRST on Thursday October 7th 2021 [ DOI: https://doi.org/10.29252/LRR.12.2.8 ]

252 ﺟﺴﺘﺎرﻫﺎي زﺑﺎﻧﻲ د ورة 12 ، ﺷﻤﺎرة 2 (ﭘﻴﺎﭘﻲ 62 )، ﺧﺮداد و ﺗﻴﺮ 1400

4 3ـ . ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ اﻃﻠﺲ 4 3ـ 1ـ . ﭼﺎرﭼﻮب ﻧﺮم اﻓﺰاري ﻧﻮﻧﺎﻟﻴﺖ 46 49 48 47 ﻧﻮﻧﺎ ﻟﻴﺖ ﺑﺴﺘﺮي ﻧﺮم اﻓﺰاري اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻬﻴﺔ اﻃﻠﺲ زﺑﺎﻧﻲ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد. اﻳﻦ ﺑﺴﺘﺮ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻣﺘﻦ ﺑﺎز 50 اﺳﺖ، در دﺳﺘﺮس ﻋﻤﻮم ﻗﺮار دارد و از آن ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮان ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻬﻴﺔ ﻫﺮ اﻃﻠﺲ زﺑﺎﻧﻲ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻛﺮد ( Anonby et al., 2018) . ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر راﺑﻄﻪ ﻣﺤﻮر 51 ﻧﻮﻧﺎﻟﻴﺖ اﻧﻌﻄﺎف ﭘﺬﻳﺮ اﺳﺖ و ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ راه ﺣﻞ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﺧﻸ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﭘﻴﺶ از اﻳﻦ در ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ اﻃﻠﺲ ﺑﻪ آن ﻫﺎ اﺷﺎره ﺷﺪ. از وﻳﮋﮔﻲ ﻫﺎي ﺑﺎرز اﻳﻦ ﺑﺴﺘﺮ ﻧﺮم اﻓﺰاري ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮان ﺑﻪ ﻣﺸﺎرﻛﺖ، ﻫﻤﻜﺎري و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ، اﻋﻤﺎل ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮات و ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻣﺠﺪد داده ﻫﺎي ورودي ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت از راه دور، اﻧﺘﺸﺎر ﺳﺮﻳﻊ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ، دﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ آزاد و ﻛﺪ ﻣﺘﻦ ﺑﺎز آن اﺷﺎره ﻛﺮد. در ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ اﻳﻦ ﻣﻮارد ﺑﺎﻳﺪ اﺷﺎره ﻛﺮد ﻛﻪ در

ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻧﻮﻧﺎﻟﻴﺖ، ﻫﺮ ﻳﻚ از ﻫﻤﻜﺎران اﻃﻠﺲ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮاﻧﻨﺪ از راه دور و ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﺎ دﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ ﺑﻪ اﻳﻨﺘﺮﻧﺖ، ﺑﺨﺶ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ از اﻃﻠﺲ را ﺗﻜﻤﻴﻞ و ﻳﺎ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮات ﻻزم را در وﺑﮕﺎه اﻋﻤﺎل ﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ اﻟﺒﺘﻪ، ﭘﻴﺶ از ﺑﺮوزرﺳﺎﻧﻲ وﻳﺮاﺳﺘﺎر ان ﺑﺎﻳﺪ آن را ﺗﺄﻳﻴﺪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ. ﺑﻪ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﻲ دﻳﮕﺮ، ﺗﻤﺎم ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮاﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ راﻫﻨﻤﺎﻳﻲ و دﺳﺘﻮراﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﺗﻴﻢ اﻃﻠﺲ و از ﻃﺮف ﻫﻤﻜﺎران اﻋﻤﺎل ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد ﭘﻴﺶ از ﺑﺎرﮔﺬاري ﺑﺮاي ﻋﻤﻮم، ﻳﻚ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻚ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻣﺠﺪد ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد. ﻫﻤﺎن ﻃﻮر ﻛﻪ اﺷﺎره ﺷﺪ، از دﻳﮕﺮ وﻳﮋﮔﻲ ﻫﺎي ﮔﻔﺘﻨﻲ در اﻃﻠﺲ، اﻧﺘﺸﺎر ﺳﺮﻳﻊ داده ﻫﺎﺳﺖ و ﺑﻪ اﻳﻦ دﻟﻴﻞ، ﺑﺮﺗﺮي ﺑﺴﻴﺎر ﺷﺎﺧﺼﻲ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺎم ﺳﻨﺘﻲ ﭼﺎپ ﻧﻘﺸﻪ، ﻛﺘﺎب و ﻳﺎ ﻟﻮح ﻓﺸﺮده دارد ﻛﻪ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ آن ﻫﺎ ﺑﺴﻴﺎر زﻣﺎن ﺑﺮ اﺳﺖ. اﻃﻠﺲ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت آزاد در دﺳﺘﺮس ﻋﻤﻮم اﺳﺖ، ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﻫﺮ ﻛﺎرﺑﺮي ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮاﻧﺎﻳﻲ ﺧﻮد ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮات و اﺻﻼﺣﺎﺗﻲ در اﻃﻠﺲ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎد ﻛﻨﺪ و ﻫﺮﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮِ ﺗﺄﻳﻴﺪ ﺷﺪه ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﺷﺪن اﻳﻦ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﻛﻤﻚ ﻛﻨﺪ ﺗﺎ در اﺧﺘﻴﺎر ﻫﻤﮕﺎن ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮد. ﻛﺪ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻧﻮﻳﺴﻲ ﻧﻮﻧﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد روي ﮔﻴﺖ ﻫﺎب 52 (ﭘﺎﻳﮕﺎﻫﻲ در ﻓﻀﺎي ﻣﺠﺎزي ﺑﺮاي ﻫﻤﻜﺎري و ﻧﻈﺎرت ﺑﺮ ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﻣﺘﻦ ﺑﺎز ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ دﻫﻨﺪﮔﺎن ﻧﺮم اﻓﺰار) ﻗﺮار ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮد، از اﻳﻦ رو، دﻳﮕﺮ زﺑﺎن ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎن و ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻧﻮﻳﺴﺎن ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮاﻧﻨﺪ

از اﻳﻦ ﻓﻨﺎوري ﺑﻬﺮه ﺑﺒﺮﻧﺪ، ﺣﺘﻲ اﮔﺮ ﻫﻴﭻ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﻤﻜﺎري ﺑﺎ ﭘﺮوژة اﻃﻠﺲ ﻧﺪاﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ.

46 . Anonby , Taheri-Ardali & Hayes, "The Atlas of the Languages of Iran (ALI): A Research Overview". 47 . Nunaliit 48 . ﺑﺮاي ﻛﺴﺐ اﻃﻼﻋ ﺎت ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ در ﻣﻮرد اﻳﻦ ﺑﺴﺘﺮ ﻧ ﺮم اﻓﺰاري ﺑﻪ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻲ زﻳﺮ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ: www.nunaliit.org. 49 . اﻧﮕﺎرة ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔ ﺎده در اﻳﻦ ﺑﺴﺘﺮ اﻧﮕ ﺎرة ﻧﻘﺸﻪ ﻧﮕ ﺎري ﺑﺮﺧﻂ ﺟ ﺎﻣﻌ ﻪ ـ ﻣﺤ ﻮر ( Taylor, 2015 ) ( co mm unity -based online cartography model ) اﺳﺖ. 50 . open source 51 . relation-oriented 52 . Github Downloaded from lrr.modares.ac.ir at 3:02 IRDT on Friday June 25th 2021 [ DOI: https://doi.org/10.29252/LRR.12.2.8 ] Downloaded from lrr.modares.ac.ir at 22:03 IRST on Thursday October 7th 2021 [ DOI: https://doi.org/10.29252/LRR.12.2.8 ]

253 ﻣﺮﺗﻀﻲ ﻃﺎﻫﺮي اردﻟﻲ و ﻫﻤﻜﺎر ان اﻃﻠﺲ ﺑﺮﺧﻂ زﺑﺎن ﻫﺎي اﻳﺮان ...

4 3ـ 2ـ . دﺳﺘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي زﺑﺎﻧﻲ 53 دﺳﺘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي زﺑﺎﻧﻲ ﻳﻜﻲ از ﺑﺨﺶ ﻫﺎي ﺿﺮوري ﺑﺮاي ﻫﺮ اﻃﻠﺲ زﺑﺎﻧﻲ اﺳﺖ، زﻳﺮا اﻳﻦ دﺳﺘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻛ ﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي زﺑﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﻪ در ارﺗﺒﺎط ﺑﺎ ﻳﻜﺪﻳﮕﺮ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ داده ﺷﻮﻧﺪ. ﻳﻜﻲ از ﻧﺨﺴﺘﻴﻦ دﺳﺘﺎوردﻫﺎي ازﻳﺮان، اراﺋﺔ ﻳﻚ دﺳﺘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي زﺑﺎﻧﻲ در اﻳﺮان اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ از ﻃﺮﻳﻖ وﺑﮕﺎه اﻃﻠﺲ در اﺧﺘﻴﺎر ﻛﺎرﺑﺮان ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. اﻳﻦ دﺳﺘﺎورد، ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺗﻼش ﺑﻲ وﻗﻔﺔ ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎن ﺑﺴﻴﺎري در زﻣﻴﻨﺔ زﺑﺎن ﺷﻨﺎﺳ ﻲ اﻳﺮاﻧﻲ اﺳﺖ. ازﻳﺮان از دو اﻧﮕﺎره ﺑﺮاي ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ دﺳﺘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي زﺑﺎﻧﻲ در اﻳﺮان ﺑﻬﺮه ﺑﺮده اﺳﺖ ( Anonby et al., 2020) . اﻧﮕﺎرة ﻧﺨﺴﺖ، درﺧﺖ دﺳﺘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي ﺳﻨﺘﻲ اﺳﺖ. 54 در اﻳﻦ دﺳﺘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي ﺑﻴﺶ از 500 ﮔﻮﻧﺔ زﺑﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﺠﺰا در اﻳﺮان ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﺎً 400 ﻣﻮرد از اﻳﻦ ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ دﺳﺘﺔ زﺑﺎن ﻫﺎي اﻳﺮاﻧﻲ ﺗﻌﻠﻖ دارد. ﮔﻔﺘﻨﻲ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ اﻳﻦ دﺳﺘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي ﺑﺎ ﺗﻤﺮﻛﺰ ﺑﺮ ﺗﻤﺎﻳﺰ دﻗﻴﻖ ﺑﻴﻦ زﺑﺎن و ﮔﻮﻳﺶ ﻧﺒﻮده اﺳﺖ، زﻳﺮا ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﺑﻪ اﻳﻦ ﻣﺴﺌﻠﻪ ﻧﻴﺎزﻣﻨﺪ ﻟﺤﺎظ ﻛﺮدن ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ، ﻫﻮﻳﺖ زﺑﺎﻧﻲ 55 و ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﺑﺴﻴﺎر دﻳﮕﺮي اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ در ﺑﺤﺚ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﻧﻤﻲ ﮔﻨﺠﺪ. 56 ﻫﺪف اﺻﻠﻲ در اﻳﻦ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﺑﻪ اﻳﻦ ﭘ ﺮﺳﺶ ﺑﻮده ﻛﻪ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﻪ زﺑﺎن ﻫﺎي راﻳﺞ در اﻳﺮان در ﻳﻚ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﺑﻨﺪي ﻣﺠﺰا در ﻛﻨﺎر ﻳﻜﺪﻳﮕﺮ ﻗﺮار ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ. اﮔﺮﭼﻪ اﻳﻦ ﻧﻮع ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﺑﻨﺪي ﺳﻨﺘﻲ، اﻧﮕﺎرة ﻛﺎﻣﻞ و ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻲ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ ( Aikhenvald & Dixon, 2001) ، اﻣﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺳﺎزﻣﺎﻧﺪﻫﻲ اوﻟﻴﻪ در ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﺑﻨﺪي زﺑﺎﻧﻲ ﻻزم اﺳﺖ. اﻧﮕﺎرة دوم ﺑﺮاي ﻧﻤﺎﻳ ﺶ دﺳﺘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي زﺑﺎﻧﻲ در اﻳﺮان ﻳﻚ اﻧﮕﺎرة ﭼﻨﺪ ﺑﻌﺪي اﺳﺖ ( Anonby et al., 2020 ). در اﻳﻦ اﻧﮕﺎره ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﺷﺒﻜﺔ ارﺗﺒﺎط زﺑﺎﻧﻲ ﭼﻨﺪﺑﻌﺪي 57 و ﺑﺮ ﭘﺎﻳﺔ ﻳﻚ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﮔﺮاﻓﻲِ ﻫﺪاﻳﺖ ﺷﻮﻧﺪه ﺑﺎ ﻧﻴﺮو 58 اﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﺰﻟﺔ اﻧﮕﺎرة دوم در ﻛﻨﺎر دﺳﺘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي ﺳﻨﺘﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ ارﺗﺒﺎط ﺑﻴﻦ زﺑﺎن ﻫﺎ اﺳﺘ ﻔﺎده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. 59 ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ 1 ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻲ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ از اﻳﻦ اﻧﮕﺎره را ﺑﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺬارد. ﻫﺮ ﻳﻚ از ﮔﺮه ﻫﺎ ﻣﻌﺮف ﻳﻚ ﮔﻮﻧﺔ زﺑﺎﻧﻲ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻔﻲ از آن ﮔﻮﻧﺔ زﺑﺎﻧﻲ و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ، اﻃﻼﻋﺎت دﻳﮕﺮ در ﻣﻮرد آن در اﻃﻠﺲ، در ﭘﻴﻮﻧﺪ اﺳﺖ، ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻛﻠﻴﻚ ﻛﺮدن روي ﻫﺮ ﮔﺮه ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮان ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻔﻲ از آن و دﻳﮕﺮ اﻃ ﻼﻋﺎت ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻈﺮ را ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﻛﺮد.

53 . language classification 54 . اﻳﻦ ا ﻧﮕ ﺎره از ﻟﻴﻨﻚ زﻳﺮ در دﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ اﺳﺖ: http://www.iranatlas.net/m odule/class ification. 55 . Anonby , Sabethem matabadi & Hayes, "Reconciling contradictory perspectives of language identity in the Atlas of the Languages of Iran ". 56 . Anonby et al., "A Multi-Dim ensional Approach to Classification of Iran’s Languages". 57 . multi-dim ensional language relation web 58 . force-directed graph visualizatio n 59 . اﻳﻦ دﺳﺘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي از ﻟﻴﻨﻚ زﻳﺮ در دﺳﺘﺮس اﺳﺖ: http://iranatlas.net/module/taxon omy .selectMap . . Downloaded from lrr.modares.ac.ir at 3:02 IRDT on Friday June 25th 2021 [ DOI: https://doi.org/10.29252/LRR.12.2.8 ] Downloaded from lrr.modares.ac.ir at 22:03 IRST on Thursday October 7th 2021 [ DOI: https://doi.org/10.29252/LRR.12.2.8 ]

254 ﺟﺴﺘﺎرﻫﺎي زﺑﺎﻧﻲ د ورة 12 ، ﺷﻤﺎرة 2 (ﭘﻴﺎﭘﻲ 62 )، ﺧﺮداد و ﺗﻴﺮ 1400

ﻣﻨﺒﻊ: http://iranatlas.net/module/taxonomy.selectMap

ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ :1 دﺳﺘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي زﺑﺎن ﻫﺎ از ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺷﺒﻜﺔ ارﺗﺒﺎط زﺑﺎﻧﻲ ﭼﻨﺪﺑﻌﺪي. در اﻳﻦ اﻧﮕﺎره، ﺳﻪ ﻧﻮع ارﺗﺒﺎط ﻳﺎ ﭘﻴﻮﻧﺪ ﺑﻴﻦ ﮔﻮﻧ ﻪ ﻫﺎي زﺑﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻈﺮ اﺳﺖ. ﻧﺨﺴﺖ، ارﺗﺒﺎط زﺑﺎﻧﻲ از ﻃﺮﻳﻖ وراﺛﺖ (ﺧﻄﻮط ﻗﺮﻣﺰ رﻧﮓ)، دوم از ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺷﺒﺎﻫﺖ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎري و ﺗﻤﺎس زﺑﺎﻧﻲ (ﺧﻄﻮط ﻣﻨﻘﻄﻊ آﺑﻲ رﻧﮓ) و ﺳﻮم، ارﺗﺒﺎط ﺑﻪ واﺳﻄﺔ ﻫﻮﻳﺖ ﻗﻮﻣﻲ (ﺧﻄﻮط ﻣﻨﻘﻄﻊ ﺳﺒﺰرﻧﮓ). ﻫﺮ ﻳﻚ از ﮔﺮه ﻫﺎ ﻣﻌﺮف ﻳﻚ ﮔﻮﻧﺔ زﺑﺎﻧﻲ اﺳﺖ. Figure 1 : Classification of languages through a multi-dimensional language relation web. In this model, three types of links among language types are considered: 1) linguistic relation through genealogical inheritance (red lines), 2) structural relation through linguistic contact (blue dashed lines), and 3) ethnic identification (green dashed lines). Each node represents a language variety.

255 ﻣﺮﺗﻀﻲ ﻃﺎﻫﺮي اردﻟﻲ و ﻫﻤﻜﺎر ان اﻃﻠﺲ ﺑﺮﺧﻂ زﺑﺎن ﻫﺎي اﻳﺮان ...

در اﻳﻦ اﻧﮕﺎره، ﺳﻪ ﻧﻮع ارﺗﺒﺎط ﻳﺎ ﭘﻴﻮﻧﺪ ﺑﻴﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي زﺑﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻈﺮ اﺳﺖ. ﻧﺨﺴﺖ، ارﺗﺒﺎط زﺑﺎﻧﻲ از ﻃﺮﻳﻖ وراﺛﺖ 60 (ﺧﻄﻮط ﻗﺮﻣﺰ رﻧﮓ)، دوم از ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺷﺒﺎﻫﺖ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎري 61 و ﺗﻤﺎس زﺑﺎﻧﻲ 62 (ﺧﻄﻮط ﻣﻨﻘﻄﻊ آﺑﻲ رﻧﮓ) و ﺳﻮم، ارﺗﺒﺎط ﺑﻪ واﺳﻄﺔ ﻫﻮﻳﺖ ﻗﻮﻣﻲ 63 (ﺧﻄﻮط ﻣﻨﻘﻄﻊ ﺳﺒﺰرﻧﮓ). از ﻃﺮﻳﻖ اﻳﻦ ﺑﺎزﻧﻤ ﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮان ارﺗﺒﺎط اﻧﻮاع ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي زﺑﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ را ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ داد ﻛﻪ در ارﺗﺒﺎط ﻧﺰدﻳﻚ ﺑﺎ ﻳﻜﺪﻳﮕﺮﻧﺪ ( Anonby et al., 2020) . ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺜﺎل، ﺑﺮاي ارﺗﺒﺎط زﺑﺎﻧﻲ از ﻃﺮﻳﻖ وراﺛﺖ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮان ﺑﻪ زﺑﺎن ﻛﻤﻈﺎري 64 اﺷﺎره ﻛﺮد ﻛﻪ ﻣﻴﺮاث دو ﺧﺎﻧﻮادة زﺑﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﺘﻔﺎوت اﺳﺖ ( van der Wal Anonby, 2015) . ﺑ ﺮاي ارﺗﺒﺎط زﺑﺎﻧﻲ از ﻧﻮع دوم، ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﺷﺒﺎﻫﺖ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎري و ﺗﻤﺎس زﺑﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮان ﺑﻪ زﺑﺎن ﻫﺎي ﻃﺒﺮي ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ( ,Borjian, 2013a 2013b) ﻳﺎ ﺗﺎﺗﻲ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ Stilo, 2018 ) 65 ) اﺷﺎره ﻛﺮد ﻛﻪ در رﺷﺘﻪ ﻛﻮه اﻟﺒﺮز ﺑﻪ دﻟﻴﻞ ﺗﻤﺎس زﺑﺎﻧﻲ ﮔﺴﺘﺮده ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ وﻳﮋﮔﻲ ﻫﺎي زﺑﺎﻧﻲ ﻳﻜﺪﻳﮕﺮ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﻧﺪ. درﺑﺎرة ﻣﻮرد ﺳﻮم، ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ارﺗﺒﺎط از ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻫﻮﻳﺖ ﻗﻮﻣﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮان زﺑﺎن ﻟﻜﻲ در اﺳﺘﺎن ﻟﺮﺳﺘﺎن را ﻧﺎم ﺑﺮد ﻛﻪ اﮔﺮﭼﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻟﺤﺎظ وﻳﮋﮔﻲ ﻫﺎي زﺑﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺮدي ﺷﺒﺎﻫﺖ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮي دارد، اﻣﺎ ﻟﻚ زﺑﺎن ﻫﺎي ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﻣﺬﻛﻮر ﮔﻮﻧﺔ زﺑﺎﻧﻲ ﺧﻮد را ﮔﻮﻧﻪ اي از ﻟﺮي ﻣﻲ داﻧﺪ، زﻳﺮا ﺑﻪ ﻟﺤﺎظ ﻗﻮﻣﻲ ﺧﻮد را ﺟﺰو ﻗﻮم ﻟﺮ ﻣﺤﺴﻮب ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ ( Anonby, 2004 ). از اﻳﻦ رو، در اﻳﻦ اﻧﮕﺎره ارﺗﺒﺎط ﺑﻴﻦ اﻳﻦ زﺑﺎن ﺑﺎ ﻛﺮدي از ﻃﺮﻓﻲ و ارﺗﺒﺎط آن ﺑﺎ ﻟﺮي از ﻃﺮﻓﻲ دﻳﮕﺮ، از ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻳﻚ ﭘﻴﻮﻧﺪ ﺑﺮﻗﺮار ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد و ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺐ اﻳﻦ ارﺗﺒﺎط روﺷﻦ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد. اﻳﻦ ارﺗﺒﺎ ط ﻫﺎ در اﻧﮕﺎرة ﺳﻨﺘﻲ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﻧﺒﻮد.

4 3ـ 3ـ . ﻛﺘﺎب ﻧﺎﻣﺔ ا ﻃﻠﺲ ﻫﻢ زﻣﺎن ﺑﺎ ﺷﺮوع ازﻳﺮان، ﻛﺘﺎب ﻧﺎﻣﺔ آن ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﺰﻟﺔ ﺑﺨﺸﻲ از وﺑﮕﺎه اﻃﻠﺲ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ﺟﻤﻊ آوري ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ آﺛﺎري در دﺳﺘﻮر ﻛﺎر ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺮاﻛﻨﺪﮔﻲ زﺑﺎﻧﻲ، داده ﻫﺎي زﺑﺎﻧﻲ ﻳﺎ ﻫﺮﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻧﻘﺸﺔ زﺑﺎﻧﻲِ ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﻫﺮ اﺳﺘﺎن ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. در اﻳﻦ ﻛﺘﺎب ﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻧﻪ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻣﻮردﻧﻈﺮ ﺛﺒﺖ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد، ﺑﻠﻜﻪ ﺑﺨﺶ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ اﻃﻼﻋﺎت زﺑﺎﻧﻲ ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ در ﻛﺘﺎب ﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد و در ﺻﻮرت وﺟﻮد ﻧﻘﺸﻪ ﻫﺎي ﭘﺮاﻛﻨﺪﮔﻲ زﺑﺎﻧﻲ، ﺑﺎ ذﻛﺮ ﻣﻨﺒﻊ، در اﺧﺘﻴﺎر ﻛﺎرﺑﺮان ﻗﺮار ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮد. اﻳﻦ ﮔﻨﺠﻴﻨﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﺰﻟﺔ ﻣﻨﺒﻌﻲ ارزﺷﻤﻨﺪ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎن

60 . genealogical inheritance 61 . structural sim ilarity 62 . language contact 63 . ethnic identification 64 . « ﻛﻤﻈ ﺎري » در ﻣﻘﺎﻟﺔ اﻓﺮاﺷﻲ ( 91 13 ) ﺑﻪ ﺻ ﻮرت « ﻛﻤ ﺰاري » ﻣ ﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. 65 . Tabaroid/Tatoid Downloaded from lrr.modares.ac.ir at 3:02 IRDT on Friday June 25th 2021 [ DOI: https://doi.org/10.29252/LRR.12.2.8 ] Downloaded from lrr.modares.ac.ir at 22:03 IRST on Thursday October 7th 2021 [ DOI: https://doi.org/10.29252/LRR.12.2.8 ]

256 ﺟﺴﺘﺎرﻫﺎي زﺑﺎﻧﻲ د ورة 12 ، ﺷﻤﺎرة 2 (ﭘﻴﺎﭘﻲ 62 )، ﺧﺮداد و ﺗﻴﺮ 1400

ﻋﻼﻗﻪ ﻣﻨﺪ ﺑﻪ زﺑ ﺎن ﻫﺎ و ﮔﻮﻳﺶ ﻫﺎي اﻳﺮان اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﻮد. ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺷﻤﺎرة 2 ﺑﺨﺸﻲ از ﻳﻜﻲ از ﻣﺪﺧﻞ ﻫﺎي ﻛﺘﺎب ﻧﺎﻣﻪ را ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﻲ دﻫﺪ.

ﻣﻨﺒﻊ: http://iranatlas.net/module/bibliography

ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ 2 : ﻳﻜﻲ از ﻣﺪﺧﻞ ﻫﺎي ﻛﺘﺎب ﻧﺎﻣﺔ ازﻳﺮان. ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﺨﺸﻲ از اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﻛﺘﺎب ﻧﺎﻣﺔ آن را ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﻲ دﻫﺪ. Figure 2 : An entry in the ALI bibliography. The image shows only part of the information available for this item.

5 . روش ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ در اﻳﻦ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺑﻪ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ روش ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ اﻳﻦ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺔ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺗﻲ ﺑﺮﺧﻂ ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد. ﺑﻪ ﺑﻴﺎن دﻳﮕﺮ، اﻳﻦ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ در ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺗﻬﻴﺔ ازﻳﺮان ﭼﻪ روﺷﻲ اﺗﺨﺎذ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ و از ﭼﻪ اﺑﺰارﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﺛﺒﺖ و ﺿﺒﻂ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي زﺑﺎﻧﻲ و ﺷﻴﻮة ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ آن ﻫﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد. ﻣﺴﻴﺮ Downloaded from lrr.modares.ac.ir at 3:02 IRDT on Friday June 25th 2021 [ DOI: https://doi.org/10.29252/LRR.12.2.8 ] Downloaded from lrr.modares.ac.ir at 22:03 IRST on Thursday October 7th 2021 [ DOI: https://doi.org/10.29252/LRR.12.2.8 ]

257 ﻣﺮﺗﻀﻲ ﻃﺎﻫﺮي اردﻟﻲ و ﻫﻤﻜﺎر ان اﻃﻠﺲ ﺑﺮﺧﻂ زﺑﺎن ﻫﺎي اﻳﺮان ...

ﺳﺎﺧﺖ اﻃﻠﺲ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت اﺳﺘﺎن ﺑﻪ اﺳﺘﺎن اﺳﺖ و ﻫﺮ ﻳﻚ از اﺳﺘﺎن ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ و ﻣﺠﺰا ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ و ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ و ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد. ﺑﺮاي دﺳﺘﻴﺎﺑﻲ ﺑﻪ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﻫﺪﻓﻲ، اﺑﺘﺪا ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺖ آﺑﺎدي ﻫﺎي ﻫﺮ اﺳﺘﺎن در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻓﺎﻳﻞ اﻛﺴﻠﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻔﻜﻴﻚ ﻫﺮ ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن، ﺑﺨﺶ و دﻫﺴﺘﺎن از وﺑﮕﺎه ﻣﺮﻛﺰ آﻣﺎر اﻳﺮان 66 ( 1390/ 1395 ) داﻧﻠﻮد و ﭘﺲ از ﺗﺮاﻧﻮﻳﺴﻲ 67 اﺳﺎﻣﻲ آﺑﺎدي ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻻﺗﻴﻦ، ﺑﻪ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻛﺮدن درﺻﺪ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﻲ ﭘﺮاﻛﻨﺪﮔ ﻲ زﺑﺎﻧﻲ ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد. ﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﻌﺪ از ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪن وﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﭘﺮاﻛﻨﺪﮔﻲ زﺑﺎﻧﻲ در اﺳﺘﺎن، ﺑﻪ ﮔﺮدآوري داده از آﺑﺎدي (ﺳﻜﻮﻧﺖ ﮔﺎه)ﻫﺎي ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻲ ﻫﻤﺖ ﮔﻤﺎرده ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد. در اداﻣﻪ ﺑﻪ اﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺿﻮع ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد.

5 1ـ . ﺗﺮاﻧﻮﻳﺴﻲ در ازﻳﺮان اﺻﻮل ﻗﺮاردادي ﺗﺮاﻧﻮﻳﺴﻲ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪه در ازﻳﺮان ﻣﺸﺘﻤﻞ ﺑﺮ ﺳﻪ ﻧﻮع اﺳﺖ 68 : 1 . ﺗﺮاﻧﻮﻳﺴﻲ ﻣﺨﺘﺼﺮ 69 زﺑﺎن ﻓﺎرﺳﻲ، .2 ﺗﺮاﻧﻮﻳﺴﻲ ﻣﺨﺘﺼﺮ دﻳﮕﺮ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي زﺑﺎﻧﻲ و 3 . ﺗﺮاﻧﻮﻳﺴﻲ ﺟﺎﻣﻊ 70 . از دو ﻧﻮع ﻧﺨﺴﺖ ﺑﺮاي ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ ﺗﻠﻔﻆ اﺳﺎﻣﻲ ﻣﻜﺎن ﻫﺎ (اﺳﺎﻣﻲ آﺑﺎدي ﻫﺎ در ﻓﺎﻳﻞ اﻛﺴﻞ) و اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﻛﺘﺎب ﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺑﻬﺮه ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد و از ﻧﻮع ﺳﻮم ﺑﺮاي داده ﻫﺎي زﺑﺎﻧﻲ (ﭘﺮﺳﺶ ﻧﺎﻣﻪ) اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد . ﻫﻤﺎن ﻃﻮر ﻛﻪ در ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺷﻤﺎرة 3 در اداﻣﻪ آﻣﺪه اﺳﺖ، ﺑﺨﺸﻲ از ﻞﻳﻓﺎ اﻛﺴﻞ ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺮاﻧﻮ ﺴﻳ ﻲ ﻣﺨﺘﺼﺮ ﻓﺎرﺳ ﻲِ اﺳﺘﺎن ﭼﻬﺎرﻣﺤﺎل و ﺑﺨﺘﻴﺎري ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ داده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ . در ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮﺷﻤﺎرة 3 ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺗﺮاﻧﻮ ﺴﻳ ﻲ ﻣﺨﺘﺼﺮ ﻓﺎرﺳ ﻲ ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده در ازﻳ ﺮان آﻣ ﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﻫﻤﺎن ﻃﻮر ﻛﻪ در ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ آﺷﻜﺎر اﺳﺖ، از ﺳﻤﺖ ﭼﭗ ﺑﻪ راﺳﺖ، ﻛﺪ ﻫﺮ آﺑﺎد ي در ازﻳ ﺮان، ﻛﺪ ﻫﺮ آﺑﺎد ي در ادارة آﻣﺎر اﻳ ﺮان، ﻴﻣ ﺰان ﺟﻤﻌ ﺖﻴ ﻫﺮ آﺑﺎد ،ي ﻧﺎم اﺳﺘﺎن ﺑﻪ ﻓﺎرﺳ ،ﻲ ﺮﺗ اﻧﻮ ﺴﻳ ﻲ آن ﺑﻪ ﻴﻻﺗ ﻦ، ﻧﺎم ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن و در ،ﺖﻳﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﺮاﻧﻮ ﺴﻳ ﻲ آن ﺑﻪ ﻻﺗ ﻦﻴ ﻧﺸﺎن دا ده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ.

66 . https ://www.amar.org.ir 67 . transcription 68 . ﻃ ﺎﻫﺮي اردﻟﻲ و آﻧﻮ ﻧﺒﻲ، « ﻛﺎرﮔﺎه اﺻﻮل آواﻧﻮﻳﺴﻲ و واج ﻧﻮﻳﺴ ﻲ در اﻃﻠﺲ زﺑﺎن ﻫﺎي اﻳﺮان ». ». 69 . sim plified 70 . com prehensive Downloaded from lrr.modares.ac.ir at 3:02 IRDT on Friday June 25th 2021 [ DOI: https://doi.org/10.29252/LRR.12.2.8 ] Downloaded from lrr.modares.ac.ir at 22:03 IRST on Thursday October 7th 2021 [ DOI: https://doi.org/10.29252/LRR.12.2.8 ]

258 ﺟﺴﺘﺎرﻫﺎي زﺑﺎﻧﻲ د ورة 12 ، ﺷﻤﺎرة 2 (ﭘﻴﺎﭘﻲ 62 )، ﺧﺮداد و ﺗﻴﺮ 1400

ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ :3 ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ اي از ﻓﺎﻳﻞ اﻛﺴﻞ ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺮاﻧﻮﻳﺴﻲ ﻣﺨﺘﺼﺮ ﻓﺎرﺳﻲ . در اﻳﻦ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺗﺮاﻧﻮﻳﺴﻲ ﻓﺎرﺳﻲ ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده در ازﻳﺮان، ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ داده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. از ﺳﻤﺖ ﭼﭗ ﺑﻪ راﺳﺖ، ﻛﺪ ﻫﺮ آﺑﺎدي در ازﻳﺮان، ﻛﺪ ﻫﺮ آﺑﺎدي در ادارة آﻣﺎر اﻳﺮان، ﻣﻴﺰان ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ ﻫﺮ آﺑﺎدي، ﻧﺎم اﺳﺘﺎن ﺑﻪ ﻓﺎرﺳ ﻲ، ﺗﺮاﻧﻮﻳﺴﻲ آن ﺑﻪ ﻻﺗﻴﻦ، ﻧﺎم ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن و در ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ، ﺗﺮاﻧﻮﻳﺴﻲ آن ﺑﻪ ﻻﺗﻴﻦ آﻣﺪه اﺳﺖ. Figure 3 : A screenshot from the Excel file used for the simplified Persian transcription. This image shows only the Persian transcription used in ALI. From left to right, the columns contain the ALI unique ID for each settlement, the ID of each settlement based on the system used by the Iran Statistics Centre, the population of each settlement, the name of the province in Persian, its roman transcription, the name of the shahrestan (provincial sub-district), and finally, its roman transcription.

ﭘﺎﻳﺔ ﺗﺮاﻧﻮﻳﺴﻲ ﻣﻮردﻧﻈﺮ، ﻣﺒﺘﻨﻲ ﺑﺮ واج ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﻓﺎرﺳﻲ اﺳﺖ، اﻣﺎ ﺑﺎ وﺟﻮد اﻳﻦ، در ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﻣﻮارد از ﻗﺮاردادﻫﺎي اﻣﻼي ﻛﻠﻤﺎت ﻓﺎرﺳﻲ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺗﺒﻌﻴﺖ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ . ﺗﺮاﻧﻮﻳﺴﻲ ﻣﺨﺘﺼﺮ دﻳﮕﺮﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي زﺑﺎﻧﻲ (ﺑﻪ ﻏﻴﺮ از زﺑﺎن ﻓﺎرﺳﻲ)، ﺑﺮاي ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﺗﻠﻔﻆ ﻣﺤﻠﻲ 71 اﺳﺎﻣﻲ ﻣﻜﺎن ﻫﺎ ﻫﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد ﺑﻪ. ﻃﻮر ﻛﻠ ﻲ در اﻳﻦ ﺷﻴﻮه، اﺻﻮل ﺗﺮاﻧﻮﻳﺴﻲ ﻣﺨﺘﺼﺮ ﻓﺎرﺳﻲ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﻪ ﻗﻮت ﺧﻮد ﺑﺎﻗﻲ اﺳﺖ، ﺑﺎ اﻳﻦ ﺣﺎل، از آﻧﺠﺎ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻠﻔﻆ ﻣﺤﻠﻲ اﺳﺎﻣﻲ ﻣﻜﺎن ﻫﺎ ﺑﺮﻣﺒﻨﺎي اﻣﻼي ﻓﺎرﺳﻲ آن ﻫﺎ ﺻﻮرت ﻧﻤﻲ ﮔﻴﺮد، در ﻣﻮاردي ﻣﺘﻔﺎوت از اﺻﻮل ﻗﺮاردادي ﺗﺮاﻧﻮﻳﺴﻲ ﻣﺨﺘﺼﺮ ﻓﺎرﺳﻲ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ. ﮔﻔﺘﻨﻲ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﻻزم درﺑﺎرة ﺷ ﻴﻮة ﺗﻠﻔﻆ ﻓﺎرﺳﻲ و ﻣﻬﻢ ﺗﺮ از آن، ﺗﻠﻔﻆ ﻣﺤﻠﻲ آﺑﺎدي ﻫﺎ از زﺑﺎﻧﻮران و اﻓﺮاد ﻣﻄﻠﻊ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻛﺴﺐ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد. ﺑﺮاي ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ، در اداﻣﻪ ﻣﺜﺎل ﻫﺎﻳﻲ از اﺳﺘﺎن ﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ آورده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ:

71 . local pronunciation Downloaded from lrr.modares.ac.ir at 3:02 IRDT on Friday June 25th 2021 [ DOI: https://doi.org/10.29252/LRR.12.2.8 ] Downloaded from lrr.modares.ac.ir at 22:03 IRST on Thursday October 7th 2021 [ DOI: https://doi.org/10.29252/LRR.12.2.8 ]

259 ﻣﺮﺗﻀﻲ ﻃﺎﻫﺮي اردﻟﻲ و ﻫﻤﻜﺎر ان اﻃﻠﺲ ﺑﺮﺧﻂ زﺑﺎن ﻫﺎي اﻳﺮان ...

ﺗﺮاﻧﻮﻳﺴﻲ ﻧﺎم ﻣﺤﻠﻲ آﺑﺎدي ﺗﺮاﻧﻮﻳﺴﻲ ﻧﺎم ﻓﺎرﺳﻲ آﺑﺎدي ﻧﺎم آﺑﺎدي ﺑﻪ ﻓﺎرﺳﻲ Behesht Ābād Bishtev ā ﺑﻬﺸﺖآﺑﺎد (در اﺳﺘﺎن ﭼﻬﺎرﻣﺤﺎل و ﺑﺨﺘﻴﺎري) Sorkheh Sür ﺳﺮﺧﻪ (در اﺳﺘﺎن ﺳﻤﻨﺎن) Qā'ed Ebr āhimi Kāvreymi, K ābreymi ﻗﺎﺋﺪ اﺑﺮاﻫﻴﻤﻲ (در اﺳﺘﺎن ﺑﻮﺷﻬﺮ) Māchkeh-ye Sofl ā Māchkay Khw ār ﻣﺎﭼﻜﻪ ﺳﻔﻠﻲ (در اﺳﺘﺎن ﻛﺮدﺳﺘﺎن) در ﺗﺮاﻧﻮﻳﺴﻲ ﺟﺎﻣﻊ، داده ﻫﺎي زﺑﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت واجﻧ ﻮﻳﺴﻲ ﺗﺮاﻧﻮﻳﺴﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ. ﻧﻤﺎد ﻫﺎي ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎر ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه در ﻫﺮ ﺳﻪ ﻧﻮع ﺗﺮاﻧﻮﻳﺴﻲ ذﻛﺮ ﺷﺪه، ﺑﺮﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ از ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎدة ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﮕﺮان ﺑﺮﺟﺴﺘﺔ ﺧﺎﻧﻮادة زﺑﺎن ﻫﺎي اﻳﺮاﻧﻲ اﺳﺖ . ﻧﻤﺎدﻫﺎي ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده و ﺟﺰﺋﻴﺎت ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ اﻧﻮاع ﺗﺮاﻧﻮﻳﺴﻲ در وﺑﮕﺎه اﻃﻠﺲ در دﺳﺘﺮس اﺳﺖ. 72

5 2ـ . ﭘﺮاﻛﻨﺪﮔ ﻲ زﺑﺎﻧﻲ در ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺔ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺗﻲ ﺑﺮﺧﻂ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ، در اﺑﺘﺪا ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻛﺮدن ﭘﺮاﻛﻨﺪﮔﻲ زﺑﺎﻧﻲ، ﺳﻌﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺖ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻲ از ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي زﺑﺎﻧﻲ راﻳﺞ در اﺳﺘﺎن ﮔﺮدآوري ﺷﻮد. اﻳﻦ ﻛﺎر ﺑﺎ ﺑﻬﺮه ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ از ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت ﭘﻴﺸﻴﻦ، اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎن زﺑﺎن ﺷﻨﺎس ﺑﻮﻣﻲ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ، ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼﺎن زﺑﺎن ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ، ﻛﻪ اﺷﺮاف ﻧﺴﺒﺘﺎً ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻲ ﺑﻪ زﺑﺎن ﻫﺎي ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ دارﻧﺪ، اﻧﺠﺎم ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد. 73 ﺳﭙﺲ از زﺑﺎﻧﻮران و اﻓﺮاد ﻣﻄﻠﻊ ﺑﻪ زﺑﺎن ﻫﺎي ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ 74 ﺧﻮاﺳﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد ﺗﺎ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﭼﻪ زﺑﺎن ﻫﺎﻳﻲ در ﻫﺮ ﻳﻚ از آﺑﺎدي ﻫﺎ ﺻﺤﺒﺖ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ، ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﻲ 75 ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ زﺑﺎن ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﺰﻟﺔ زﺑﺎن ﻣﺎد ري 76 در آﺑﺎدي ﻣﺬﻛﻮر اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ، ﭼﻨﺪ درﺻﺪ از ﻛﻞ اﻓﺮاد آﺑﺎدي را ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﻣﻲ دﻫﻨﺪ. ﺑﻪ ﺑﻴﺎن دﻳﮕﺮ، ﺑﺎ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ اﻳﻦ ﻧﻜﺘﻪ ﻛﻪ زﺑﺎن ﻓﺎرﺳﻲ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻧﺴﻞ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ رو ﺑﻪ ﮔﺴﺘﺮش اﺳﺖ و ﮔﺎه اوﻟﻴﻦ زﺑﺎﻧﻲ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻧﺴﻞ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺑﺎ آن ﻣﻮاﺟﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد، ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﻮد زﺑﺎن ﻫﺎي ﻣﺎدري راﻳﺞ در آﺑ ﺎدي ﺑﻪ ﭼﻪ ﻣﻴﺰان و ﭼﻪ درﺻﺪي اﺳﺖ. ﺑﻌﺪ از درج درﺻﺪ ﭘﺮاﻛﻨﺪﮔﻲ زﺑﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﻫﺮ آﺑﺎدي در ﻛﻨﺎر ﺗﺮاﻧﻮﻳﺴﻲ اﺳﺎﻣﻲ آﺑﺎدي ﻫﺎي اﺳﺘﺎن در ﻓﺎﻳﻞ اﻛﺴﻞ، اﻳﻦ داده ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ وﺑﮕﺎه ازﻳﺮان

72 . ﺑﺮاي ﻛﺴﺐ ا ﻃﻼع ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﭘﻴﺮاﻣﻮن ﺗﺮاﻧ ﻮﻳﺴﻲ در ازﻳﺮان ﺑﻪ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻲ زﻳﺮ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد: https://carleton.ca/iran/transcrip tion/ 73 . ﻻزم ﺑﻪ ذﻛﺮ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ا ﻦﻳ ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺖ در ﻃﻮل اﻧﺠﺎم ﺗﺤﻘ ﻖﻴ ﻗ ﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻐ ﺮﻴﻴ اﺳﺖ و ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺑ ﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻧﻘﻄﺔ آﻏ ﺎز ﭘﮋ وﻫﺶ ﻣ ﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻗﺮار ﻣ ﻲ ﻴﮔ ﺮد ﻫﺮ ﭼ ﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻤﺎم ﺗﻼش ﻫﺎ ﺻ ﻮرت ﻣ ﻲ ﻴﮔ ﺮد ﻛﻪ ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺖ ﻧﺴﺒﺘﺎً ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻲ ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ ﺷ ﻮد. 74 . در ا ﻦﻳ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺳﻌ ﻲ ﻲﻣ ﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ از ﻳ ﻚ ﻧﻔﺮ از ﻫﺮ ﺷ ﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﻛﻪ اﺷﺮاف ﺧﻮﺑ ﻲ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺗ ﻮز ﻊﻳ زﺑﺎﻧ ﻲ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ دارد ﻛﻤﻚ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ اﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﭘ ﻴﭽﻴ ﺪﮔ ﻲ يﻫﺎ زﺑﺎﻧﻲ ﻫﺮ ا ﺳﺘﺎن ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ از ﺗﻌﺪاد اﻓﺮاد ﺑﻴ ﺸﺘﺮ ي ﺰﻴﻧ ﺑﻬﺮه ﮔﺮﻓﺘ ﻪ ﺷﻮد. 75 . ﻧﻜﺘﻪ اي ﻛﻪ در اﻳﻦ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺿﺮ ورت ﺑ ﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺤﺚ ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮد ﭼﺮاﻳﻲ « ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﻲ ﺑﻮدن » ﻣﻴﺰان ﭘﺮاﻛﻨﺪﮔﻲ ﻳﺎ ﺗ ﻮزﻳﻊ زﺑﺎﻧﻲ اﺳﺖ. در ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ اﻳﻦ ﻣﻄﻠﺐ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ اﺷ ﺎره ﻛﺮد ﻛﻪ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻛﺮدن ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ زﺑﺎﻧﻲ دﻗﻴﻖ ﺑﺮاي ﺣﺪ ود 60 ﻫﺰار آﺑﺎدي در ﻛﺸ ﻮر اﮔﺮﭼﻪ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻧﺮﺳﺪ اﻣﺎ اﻧﺠ ﺎم آن ﻧﻴﺎزﻣ ﻨﺪ ﺑﻜ ﺎرﮔﻴﺮي ﻣﻘﺪﻣ ﺎت ﻓﺮاواﻧﻲ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ در ﻋﻤﻞ از ﮔﺴﺘﺮة ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺣ ﺎ ﺿﺮ ﺧ ﺎرج ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد. از ﻃﺮﻓﻲ دﻳﮕﺮ، وﺑﮕﺎه اﻃﻠﺲ، ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﺑ ﺎزﺑﻴﻨﻲ و ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ا ﻃﻼﻋ ﺎت درج ﺷﺪه را ﺑﻪ ﺻ ﻮرت ﺑﺮﺧﻂ ﺑﻪ ﻛ ﺎرﺑﺮان ﻣﻲ دﻫﺪ. ﺑﻪ ﺑﻴ ﺎن دﻳﮕﺮ، ﻛ ﺎرﺑﺮان ﻣﻲ ﺗ ﻮا ﻧﻨﺪ ﺗ ﻮزﻳﻊ زﺑ ﺎﻧﻲ و دﻳﮕﺮ ﻣﻮارد درج ﺷﺪه را ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺎزﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﻗﺮار دﻫﻨﺪ و ﭘﺲ از ﺗ ﺎﻳﻴﺪ در ﻣﻌﺮض ﻧﻤ ﺎﻳﺶ ﻛ ﺎرﺑﺮان ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮد. اﻳﻦ ﻗ ﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮا ﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻫﺮ ﭼﻪ دﻗﻴﻖ ﺗﺮ ﺷﺪن ﻣﻴﺰان درﺻﺪ ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ زﺑﺎﻧﻲ آﺑﺎدي ﻫﺎ ﻛﻤﻚ ﻛﻨﺪ. ﺧﺎ ﻃﺮ ﻧﺸ ﺎن ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ اﻳﻦ درﺻﺪ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﻲ ﻛﻪ در ازﻳﺮان ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد، دﻗ ﻴﻖ ﺗﺮﻳﻦ اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﻣ ﻮﺟﻮد ﭘﻴﺮاﻣﻮن ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ زﺑﺎﻧﻲ در ﻛﺸﻮر اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺗﺎﻛﻨﻮن در دﺳﺘﺮس اﺳﺖ. 76 . در اﻳ ﻨﺠﺎ ﻣﻨﻈ ﻮر از زﺑﺎن ﻣﺎدري، زﺑﺎﻧﻲ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻓﺮد در ﺑﺪو ﺗﻮﻟﺪ و در د وران اﺑﺘﺪاﻳﻲ زﻧﺪﮔﻲ ﺧﻮد در ﻣﻌﺮض آن واﻗﻊ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. Downloaded from lrr.modares.ac.ir at 3:02 IRDT on Friday June 25th 2021 [ DOI: https://doi.org/10.29252/LRR.12.2.8 ] Downloaded from lrr.modares.ac.ir at 22:03 IRST on Thursday October 7th 2021 [ DOI: https://doi.org/10.29252/LRR.12.2.8 ]

260 ﺟﺴﺘﺎرﻫﺎي زﺑﺎﻧﻲ د ورة 12 ، ﺷﻤﺎرة 2 (ﭘﻴﺎﭘﻲ 62 )، ﺧﺮداد و ﺗﻴﺮ 1400

ﻣﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد و ﺳﭙﺲ اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﻣﺬﻛﻮر از ﻫﺮ ﻳﻚ از آﺑﺎدي ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻜﺎن آن آﺑﺎدي روي ﻧﻘﺸﺔ ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﺸﻮر در وﺑﮕﺎه (ﺑﺮﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ از ﻧﻘﺸﺔ ﮔﻮﮔﻞ) ﮔﺮه ﻣﻲ ﺧﻮرد و ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻲ ﺑﺮاي اﻳﻦ آﺑﺎدي روي ﻧﻘﺸﻪ ﻗﺮار ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮد. اﻳﻦ ﻛﺎر، ﻛﻪ از آن ﺑﺎ ﻋﻨﻮان « ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﮔﺬاري 77 » در اﻃﻠﺲ ﻳﺎد ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد، ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت دﺳﺘﻲ اﻧﺠﺎم ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮد. ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺷﻤﺎرة 4 اﻳﻦ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ از ﻛﺎر را ﺑﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺬارد. در ﺳﻤﺖ راﺳﺖ ﻣﻮارد ﻣﺮﺑﻮ ط ﺑﻪ روﺳﺘﺎي « ﭼﻢ ﺷﻴﺮ » در اﺳﺘﺎن اﻳﻼم ﻧﺸﺎن داده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ 78 ﻛﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻴﺰان ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ، ﻣﺨﺘﺼﺎت ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﻴﺎﻳﻲ، ﻣﻜﺎن آن در ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻤﺎت اﺳﺘﺎﻧﻲ، ﺗﺮاﻧﻮﻳﺴﻲ ﻓﺎرﺳﻲ و ﻣﺤﻠﻲ آن و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ، ﭘﺮاﻛﻨﺪﮔﻲ زﺑﺎﻧﻲ و ﻣﺤﻘﻖ ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻈﺮ در اﻧﺠﺎم اﻳﻦ ﻛﺎر ﻣﻴﺪاﻧﻲ اﺳﺖ. در ﺳﻤﺖ ﭼﭗ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ اي ﻛﻪ ﻧﺸﺎن دﻫﻨﺪة ﻣﻜﺎن اﻳﻦ روﺳﺘﺎ روي ﻧﻘﺸﻪ اﺳﺖ، ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ داده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ.

ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ :4 ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ روﺳﺘﺎي « ﭼﻢ ﺷﻴﺮ » در اﺳﺘﺎن اﻳﻼم و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ، ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﻴﺎﻳﻲ و زﺑﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻈﺮ درﺑﺎرة اﻳﻦ روﺳﺘﺎ در ﺳﻤﺖ راﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻛﻠﻴﻚ ﻛﺮدن روي ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻈﺮ و ﻳﺎ از ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺟﺴﺖ و ﺟﻮي ﻧﺎم روﺳﺘﺎ در وﺑﮕﺎه ﻗﺎﺑﻞ دﺳﺘﻴ ﺎﺑﻲ اﺳﺖ. Figure 4 : Display of the village Cham-e Shir in Ilam Province. In addition, this screenshot shows the corresponding geographical and linguistic information about this village in the right panel, which can be accessed by clicking on the relevant point or by searching for the name of the village on the website.

7877 . Aliadot dropp kbari, ing Gheitas i & Anonby, "On language distrib ution in Ilam Province"; Anonby, Gheitasi & Alia kbari, "Revisiting language distribution in Ilam Province". Downloaded from lrr.modares.ac.ir at 3:02 IRDT on Friday June 25th 2021 [ DOI: https://doi.org/10.29252/LRR.12.2.8 ] Downloaded from lrr.modares.ac.ir at 22:03 IRST on Thursday October 7th 2021 [ DOI: https://doi.org/10.29252/LRR.12.2.8 ]

261 ﻣﺮﺗﻀﻲ ﻃﺎﻫﺮي اردﻟﻲ و ﻫﻤﻜﺎر ان اﻃﻠﺲ ﺑﺮﺧﻂ زﺑﺎن ﻫﺎي اﻳﺮان ...

ﺑﺮاي ﭘﻴﺪا ﻛﺮدن ﻣﻜﺎن آﺑﺎدي ﻫﺎ روي ﻧﻘﺸﻪ، ﻋﻼوه ﺑﺮ ﻛﻤﻚ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ از ﻧﻘﺸﺔ ﮔﻮﮔﻞ، از ﻧﻘﺸﺔ راه ﻫﺎي آﺑﺎدي ﻫﺎي ﻛﺸﻮر، اراﺋﻪ ﺷﺪه از ﺳﻮي ﺷﺒﻜﺔ روﺳﺘﺎﻳﻲ اﻳﺮان ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎم « روﺳﺘﺎﻧﺖ 79 » اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد. ﺑﺮوﻧﺪاد ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ اﻳﻦ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ دو ﻧﻮع ﻧﻘﺸﺔ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﻣﺤﻮر ﺗﻌﺎﻣﻠﻲ 80 و اﻳﺴﺘﺎﺳﺖ 81 ﻛﻪ در اداﻣﻪ ﺑﻪ آن اﺷﺎره ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد. در ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ، ﻫﺮ زﺑﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﺎ رﻧﮓ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻲ در وﺑﮕﺎه اﻃﻠﺲ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ داده ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد.

5 3ـ . ﮔﺮدآوري داده ﻫﺎي زﺑﺎﻧﻲ اﺑﺰار اﺻﻠﻲ ﮔﺮدآوري داده در اﻳﻦ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺔ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺗﻲ ﭘﺮﺳﺶ ﻧﺎﻣﻪ اﺳﺖ. در ﻛﻨﺎر ﭘﺮﺳﺶ ﻧﺎﻣﻪ از ﺿﺒﻂ داده ﻫﺎي ﺻﻮﺗﻲ و ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮي ﻧﻴﺰ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ در ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ، در وﺑﮕﺎه اﻃﻠﺲ ﺑﺎرﮔﺬاري ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد. 82 ﭘﺲ از ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪن ﭘﺮاﻛﻨﺪﮔﻲ زﺑﺎﻧﻲ در ﺳﻄﺢ اﺳﺘﺎن، ﭼﺸﻢ اﻧﺪاز وﺿﻌﻴﺖ زﺑﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﺮاي اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﻧﻘﺎط ﻫﺪف، ﺑﺮاي ﮔﺮدآوري داده ﻫﺎي زﺑﺎﻧﻲ روﺷﻦ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد (ﻃﺎﻫﺮي اردﻟﻲ، 1399 ). ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر اﻧﺘﺨ ﺎب ﻧﻘﺎط ﻫﺪف، ﻣﻌﻴﺎرﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ آورده ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد ﻣﺪﻧﻈﺮ ﻗﺮار ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮد: ﻧﺨﺴﺖ، ﺳﻌﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺗﻨﻮع زﺑﺎﻧﻲ در ﻫﺮ اﺳﺘﺎن ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داده ﺷﻮد، دوم اﻳﻨﻜﻪ، در ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻫﺎي دو ﻳﺎ ﭼﻨﺪ زﺑﺎﻧﻪ، ﻛﻪ ﺗﻤﺎس زﺑﺎﻧﻲ وﺟﻮد دارد 83 ، اﻃﻼﻋﺎت از ﻫﺮ دو ﻳﺎ ﭼﻨﺪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺿﺒﻂ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد ﺗﺎ ﻧﺤﻮة ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ زﺑﺎن ﻫﺎ ﺑﺮ ﻳﻜ ﺪﻳﮕﺮ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﺷﻮد ( Anonby, 2021 ). از اﻳﻦ رو، ﺑﺮاي رﺳﻴﺪن ﺑﻪ اﻳﻦ ﻫﺪف، در اﺑﺘﺪا از ﻫﺮ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن، از ﮔﻮﻧﺔ زﺑﺎﻧﻲِ اﺻﻠﻲ داده ﺟﻤﻊ آوري ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد و ﺳﭙﺲ از ﻳﻜﻲ از دورﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻧﻘﺎط ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﻛﻪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺗﻔﺎوت زﺑﺎﻧﻲ را ﺑﺎ اﻳﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﺔ زﺑﺎﻧﻲ دارد ﻧﻴﺰ داده ﻫﺎي زﺑﺎﻧﻲ ﺛﺒﺖ و ﺿﺒﻂ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮ د. در اﻳﻦ ﺑﻴﻦ، ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﺔ زﺑﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﻨﺤﺼﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺮدي ﻧﻴﺰ وﺟﻮد داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ، از آن داده ﻫﺎي ﻻزم ﮔﺮدآوري ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ، در ﺻﻮرت روﻳﺎروﻳﻲ ﺑﺎ ﮔﻮﻧﺔ زﺑﺎﻧﻲ در ﻣﻌﺮض ﺧﻄﺮ، ﺛﺒﺖ و ﺿﺒﻂ آن در اوﻟﻮﻳﺖ ﻗﺮار ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮد.

5 4ـ . ﭘﺮﺳﺶ ﻧﺎﻣﺔ ازﻳﺮان 84 ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﭘﺮﺳﺶ ﻧﺎﻣ ﺔ ﭘﺮوژة ازﻳﺮان ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﺰﻟ ﺔ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺗﺮﻳﻦ اﺑﺰار و ﺑﺨﺸﻲ از ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺔ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺗﻲ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ، ﺑﺮاي ﺟﻤﻊ آوري ﻧﻈﺎم ﻣﻨﺪ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎرﻫﺎي زﺑﺎﻧﻲ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ از زﺑﺎن ﻫﺎي ﺳﺮاﺳﺮ اﻳﺮان

79 . ﻧﻘﺸﻪ ﻫﺎي ر وﺳﺘﺎﻳﻲ ﻳﻜﻲ از ﺳﺮوﻳﺲ ﻫﺎي ﺷﺒﻜ ﺔ ر وﺳﺘ ﺎﻳﻲ اﻳﺮان ، « ر وﺳﺘﺎ ﻧﺖ » اﺳﺖ. اﻳﻦ ﺑﺎﻧﻚ ﻛﻪ از ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺷﺒﻜﺔ روﺳﺘﺎﻳﻲ اﻳﺮان ﻳﻌﻨﻲ « ر وﺳﺘﺎ ﻧﺖ » ﺑﻪ ﻧﺸﺎﻧ ﻲ http://www.roo stanet.ir در اﺧﺘﻴ ﺎر ﻋﻤﻮم ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻧﻘﺸﻪ ﻫﺎي دﻫﺴﺘ ﺎن ﻫﺎ و آﺑﺎدي ﻫ ﺎي ﻛﺸ ﻮر اﺳﺖ . ﻧﻘﺸﻪ ﻫﺎي آﺑﺎدي ﻫﺎ ﺷ ﺎﻣﻞ ﻧﻘﺸ ﺔ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ روﺳﺘﺎ و ﻧﻘﺸ ﺔ راه ﻫ ﺎي ر وﺳﺘﺎ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ اﻳﻦ ﻧﻘﺸﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺗ ﻮﺳﻂ ﻣﺎﻫﻮاره ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﮔﺮدﻳﺪه اﺳﺖ . ﻧﻘﺸ ﺔ دﻫﺴﺘﺎن ،ﻫﺎ ﻧﻘﺸﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺗﺮﺳﻴﻤﻲ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮ اﺳ ﺎس داده ﻫﺎي آﻣﺎري ﺳﺎل 85 13 ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ آﻣ ﺎر اﻳﺮان ﺗﻬﻴ ﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. 80 . interactive point-based map 81 . در ﺑﺨﺶ 1ـ6 از ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻔﺼﻴﻞ ﺑﻪ اﻳﻦ ﻧﻘﺸﻪ ﻫﺎ ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷ ﻮد. 82 . ﻓﺮاﻳ ﻨﺪ ﮔﺮدآ وري داده ﺑﺎ ﻛﺴﺐ اﺟﺎزه از زﺑﺎﻧﻮران اﻧﺠ ﺎم ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮ د. د. 83 . Schreiber et al., "Contact-induced change in Irano-Tur kic m orphosy ntax". Schreiber et al., "Language contact as a source of morphosy ntactic variation in three varieties of Qashqay Turkic in sou th-west Iran". 84 . ﭼﮕﻮ ﻧﮕﻲ ﺗ ﻮﺳﻌﻪ و ﺗﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﭘﺮﺳﺸ ﻨﺎﻣ ﺔ ازﻳﺮان در ﻣﻘﺎﻟﺔ ﻣﺠﺰاﻳﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻋﻨﻮان « ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ و ﺗ ﻮﺳﻌﺔ ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﺔ زﺑ ﺎن ﺷﻨ ﺎﺧﺘﻲ اﻃﻠﺲ زﺑﺎن ﻫﺎي اﻳﺮان (اَزﻳﺮان) » در آﻳ ﻨﺪه ﻣ ﻮرد ﺑﺤﺚ و ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻗﺮار ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. Downloaded from lrr.modares.ac.ir at 3:02 IRDT on Friday June 25th 2021 [ DOI: https://doi.org/10.29252/LRR.12.2.8 ] Downloaded from lrr.modares.ac.ir at 22:03 IRST on Thursday October 7th 2021 [ DOI: https://doi.org/10.29252/LRR.12.2.8 ]

262 ﺟﺴﺘﺎرﻫﺎي زﺑﺎﻧﻲ د ورة 12 ، ﺷﻤﺎرة 2 (ﭘﻴﺎﭘﻲ 62 )، ﺧﺮداد و ﺗﻴﺮ 1400

ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. 85 اﻳﻦ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ از ﺳﻮي ارﻳﻚ آﻧﻮﻧﺒﻲ در ﺳﻪ ﺑﺨﺶ ﻣﺠﺰا و ﺑﺎ راﻫﻨﻤﺎﻳﻲ ﻫﺎي ارزﻧﺪة د وﻧﺎﻟﺪ اﺳﺘﻴﻠﻮ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ از ﺳﺎل 2015 ﺗﺎ 2018 ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮر ت آزﻣﺎﻳﺸﻲ در ﭘﺮوژة اﻃﻠﺲ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ 86 . زﻳﺮﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻧﺨﺴﺖ، ﺣﺎوي اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻲ، اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﺑﺎﻓﺘﻲ، واژﮔﺎن و ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﻫﺎي واﺟﻲ ﺑﻮد. زﻳﺮﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ دوم، ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺻﺮﻓﻲ ـ ﻧﺤﻮي را درﺑﺮداﺷﺖ و زﻳﺮﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺳﻮم ﻧﻈﺎم ﺷﻤﺎرش ﺑﻮد ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮ ﭘﺎﻳﺔ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻳﻮﺟﻴﻦ ﭼﺎن 87 ( - 1998 2018 ) ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﮔﺬاري ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ 88 . اﻳﻦ ﭘﺮﺳﺶ ﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺑﺎ ارﺟﺎع ﺑﻪ ﻃﻴﻒ ﮔﺴﺘﺮده اي از ﭘﺮﺳﺶ ﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻫﺎ از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺖ ﺳﻮادش ( Swadesh, 1971 )، ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺖ واژه ﻫﺎي ﻻﻳﭙﺰﻳﻚ ـ ﺟﺎﻛﺎرﺗﺎ 89 ( Haspelmath & Tadmor, 2009 )، ﭘﺮوژة اﻃﻠﺲ زﺑﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ارس ـ اﻳﺮان ( Stilo, 2007 2016 &) ، ﭘﺮﺳﺶ ﻧﺎﻣﺔ رده ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻲ ﻛﺎﻣﺮي و اﺳﻤ ﻴﺖ 90 ( 1977 ،) ﭘﺮﺳﺶ ﻧﺎﻣﺔ ﮔﻮﻳﺸﻲ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﺴﺘﺎن زﺑﺎن و ادب ﻓﺎرﺳﻲ ( 1388 ) و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ، ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﻫﺎي زﺑﺎﻧﻲ در اﻃﻠﺲ WALS ( Dryer & Haspelmath, 2013 ) اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﺳﭙﺲ، در راﺳﺘﺎي ﻫﺮﭼﻪ ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﺷﺪن ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﭘﺮﺳﺶ ﻧﺎﻣﺔ اﻃﻠﺲ، در ژوﺋﻴﻪ 2017 ، ﻳﻚ ﻛﺎرﮔﺎه ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻋﻨﻮان « اﺻﻼح و ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﭘﺮﺳﺶ ﺔﻣﻧﺎ اﻃﻠﺲ زﺑﺎن ﻫﺎ ي اﻳﺮان» 91 در داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﺑﺎﻣﺒﺮگ در ﻛﺸﻮر آﻟﻤﺎن ﺑﺮﮔﺰار ﺷﺪ. 92 ﻃﻲ اﻳﻦ روﻳﺪاد، ﻳﻚ ﺗﻴﻢ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﻠﻠﻲ از 12 ﻣﺤﻘﻖ ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺺ در زﻣﻴﻨﺔ زﺑﺎن ﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ اﻳﺮان ، ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت آزﻣﺎﻳﺸﻲ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪه در ﺑﻴﺶ از 40 ﻣﻜﺎن در اﻳﺮان و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ، ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﻴﺪاﻧﻲ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از اﻳﻦ ﭘﺮﺳ ﺶ ﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻫﺎ ، اﻳﻦ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ را ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ و ﺗﺠﺪﻳﺪﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﺠﺪد ﻛﺮدﻧﺪ . ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺷﻤﺎرة 5 ﺑﺨﺸﻲ از واژﮔﺎن ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﺑﺮوزﺷﺪة اﻳﻦ ﭘﺮﺳﺶ ﻧﺎﻣﻪ را ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﻲ دﻫﺪ.

85 . اﻳﻦ ﭘﺮﺳﺸ ﻨﺎﻣﻪ اﺳ ﺎﺳﺎً ﺑﺮاي اﺳﺘﺨﺮاج وﻳﮋﮔﻲ ﻫﺎي ﺑ ﺎرز زﺑﺎن ﻫ ﺎي اﻳﺮاﻧﻲ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺮاي دﻳﮕﺮ ﺧ ﺎﻧﻮاده ﻫﺎي زﺑﺎﻧﻲ ﺑ ﻮﻳﮋه زﺑ ﺎ ن ﻫﺎي ﺳ ﺎﻣﻲ از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻋﺮﺑﻲ، ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﺔ ﻣﻜﻤﻠﻲ در ﻛﻨ ﺎر اﻳﻦ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﻣ ﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻗﺮار ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻬﻴﺔ آن در دﺳﺖ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ اﺳﺖ. 86 . اﻳﻦ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ از ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ از ﻟﻴﻨﻚ زﻳﺮ ﺑﺮاي ﻋﻤﻮم در دﺳﺘﺮس اﺳﺖ: https ://carleton.ca/iran/questio nnaires 87 . Eugene Chan 88 . ﺑﺮاي ﻛﺴﺐ ا ﻃﻼع ا ز اﻳﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻲ زﻳﺮ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﻛ ﻨﻴﺪ: https://mpi-lingweb. shh.m pg.de/num eral 89 . Leipzig-Jakarta 90 . Com rie & Sm ith 91 . Refining the questionnaire of the Atlas of the Langua ges of Ira n . 92 . ﺑﺮاي ﻛﺴﺐ ا ﻃﻼع از ﺟﺰﺋﻴﺎت اﻳﻦ ﻛﺎرﮔﺎه ﺑﻪ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻲ زﻳﺮ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ: . . https ://www.uni -bam berg.de/en/aspra/workshop -questionnaire -languages of- -iran -2017 Downloaded from lrr.modares.ac.ir at 3:02 IRDT on Friday June 25th 2021 [ DOI: https://doi.org/10.29252/LRR.12.2.8 ] Downloaded from lrr.modares.ac.ir at 22:03 IRST on Thursday October 7th 2021 [ DOI: https://doi.org/10.29252/LRR.12.2.8 ]

263 ﻣﺮﺗﻀﻲ ﻃﺎﻫﺮي اردﻟﻲ و ﻫﻤﻜﺎر ان اﻃﻠﺲ ﺑﺮﺧﻂ زﺑﺎن ﻫﺎي اﻳﺮان ...

ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ :5 ﺑﺨﺸﻲ از ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﺑﺮوز ﺷﺪة ﭘﺮﺳﺶ ﻧﺎﻣﺔ ازﻳﺮان ﺑﺮﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ از ﺑﺨﺶ واژﮔﺎن. Figure 5 : Part of the updated version of ALI questionnaire, extracted from the lexicon section.

ﻫﻢ اﻛﻨﻮن ﻧﺴﺨ ﺔ ﺑﺮوز ﺷﺪ ة ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﭘﺮﺳﺶ ﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮات ﭼﺸﻤﮕﻴﺮي ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﻗﺒﻠﻲ، در ﭼﻬﺎر ﺑﺨﺶ ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ و ﺑﺎﻓﺖ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻲ زﺑﺎن، واژﮔﺎن، ﺻﺮف و ﻧﺤﻮ و اﻋﺪاد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد. 93

6 . ﺑﺮوﻧﺪاد ﭘﺮوژة ازﻳﺮان ﺑﺮوﻧﺪاد ازﻳﺮان، در ﻗﺎﻟ ﺐ ﻧﻘﺸﻪ ﻫﺎي ﭘﺮاﻛﻨﺪﮔﻲ زﺑﺎﻧﻲ در ﺳﻄﺢ اﺳﺘﺎن و ﻛﺸﻮر، ﻧﻘﺸﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ داده ﻫﺎي زﺑﺎﻧﻲ و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ، در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ داده ﻫﺎي ﺧﺎم ﺻﻮﺗﻲ و ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮي اﺳﺖ. ﻓﺎﻳﻞ ﻫﺎي ﺻﻮﺗﻲ و ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮي در ﺳﺒﻚ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ داﺳﺘﺎن، رواﻳﺖ، ﺷﻌﺮ و ﻏﻴﺮه از ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي زﺑﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﻨﺘﺨﺐ، در وﺑﮕﺎه ﺑﺎرﮔﺬاري ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد و ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر اﺳﺘﻔﺎده در ﻫﺮ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ زﺑﺎن ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت راﻳﮕﺎن در دﺳﺘﺮس ﻛﺎرﺑﺮان ﻗﺮار ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮد. ﺑﺮوﻧﺪادﻫﺎي اﻃﻠﺲ در دو زﻳﺮﺑﺨﺸﻲ ﻛﻪ آورده ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد ﺑﺤﺚ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد.

93 . اﻳﻦ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ از ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻧﻴﺰ از ﻟﻴﻨﻚ زﻳﺮ ﺑﺮاي ﻋﻤ ﻮم در دﺳﺘﺮس اﺳﺖ: https://carleton.ca/iran/questionnaires Downloaded from lrr.modares.ac.ir at 3:02 IRDT on Friday June 25th 2021 [ DOI: https://doi.org/10.29252/LRR.12.2.8 ] Downloaded from lrr.modares.ac.ir at 22:03 IRST on Thursday October 7th 2021 [ DOI: https://doi.org/10.29252/LRR.12.2.8 ]

264 ﺟﺴﺘﺎرﻫﺎي زﺑﺎﻧﻲ د ورة 12 ، ﺷﻤﺎرة 2 (ﭘﻴﺎﭘﻲ 62 )، ﺧﺮداد و ﺗﻴﺮ 1400

6 1ـ . ﻧﻘﺸﻪ ﻫﺎي ﭘﺮاﻛﻨﺪﮔﻲ زﺑﺎﻧﻲ ﻳﻜﻲ از اﻫﺪاف اﺻﻠﻲ ﻫﺮ اﻃﻠﺴﻲ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻛﺮدن ﭘﺮاﻛﻨﺪﮔﻲ زﺑﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌ ﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﺑﻲ ﺷﻚ در اﻳﻦ ﭘﺮوژه ﻧﻴﺰ ﻳﻜﻲ از اﻫﺪاف ﻧﺨﺴﺘﻴﻦ، دﺳﺘﻴﺎﺑﻲ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺮاﻛﻨﺪﮔﻲ زﺑﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﻫﺮ اﺳﺘﺎن ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻣﺠﺰا و در ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ، ﺗﻬﻴﺔ اﻃﻠﺲ ﭘﺮاﻛﻨﺪﮔﻲ زﺑﺎﻧﻲ در ﻣﻘﻴﺎس ﻛﻞ ﻛﺸﻮر اﺳﺖ. ﺗﺎﻛﻨﻮن ﻧﻘﺸﺔ زﺑﺎﻧﻲِ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﻣﺤﻮرِ ﺗﻌﺎﻣﻠﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﭘﻨﺞ اﺳﺘﺎن ﻛﺸﻮر (ﻫﺮﻣﺰﮔﺎن، ﭼﻬﺎرﻣﺤﺎل و ﺑﺨﺘﻴﺎري، ﻛﺮدﺳﺘﺎ ن ( Anonby et al., 2019 )، اﻳﻼم ( Anonby et al., 2017 ) و ﺑﻮﺷﻬﺮ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺎﻳﺎن رﺳﻴﺪه ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ راﺣﺘﻲ از ﻃﺮﻳﻖ وﺑﮕﺎه اﻃﻠﺲ در دﺳﺘﺮس اﺳﺖ. در اﻳﻦ ﻧﻘﺸﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻛﻠﻴﻚ ﻛﺮدن روي ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻫﺮ ﻳﻚ ﻣﻌﺮف ﻳﻚ آﺑﺎدي اﺳﺖ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮان اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﻻزم درﺑﺎرة ﭘﺮاﻛﻨﺪﮔﻲ زﺑﺎﻧﻲ، ﺗﺮاﻧﻮﻳﺴﻲ ﻧﺎم آﺑﺎدي، ﻣ ﻴﺰان ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ و ﻣﻜﺎن ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﻴﺎﻳﻲ آن آﺑﺎدي را درﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﻛﺮد. ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺷﻤﺎرة 6 ، ﻛﻪ در اداﻣﻪ آﻣﺪه اﺳﺖ، ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﻧﻘﺸﺔ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﻣﺤﻮر ﺗﻌﺎﻣﻠﻲ اﺳﺘﺎن ﻫﺮﻣﺰﮔﺎن اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪﻣﻨﺰﻟﺔ اوﻟﻴﻦ اﺳﺘﺎن در ﭘﺮوژة اﻃﻠﺲ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺮاﻧﺠﺎم رﺳﻴﺪه اﺳﺖ 94 . ﻫﻤﺎن ﻃﻮر ﻛﻪ در راﻫﻨﻤﺎي ﻧﻘﺸﻪ در ﺳﻤﺖ ﭼﭗ آﻣﺪه اﺳﺖ زﺑﺎن ﻫﺎ ﻳﺎ ﮔﺮوه ﻫﺎي زﺑﺎﻧﻲ ﻓﺎرﺳﻲ، ﻓﺎرس، ﻻرﺳﺘﺎﻧﻲ، ﺑﻨﺪري، ﺑﺸﻜﺮدي، ﻛﻤﻈﺎري، ﺑﻠﻮﭼﻲ، ﺧﻠﻮﺻﻲ، ﻋﺮﺑﻲ و آﻣﻴﺨﺘﻪ در اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎن ﺻﺤﺒﺖ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد ( Leitner et al., 2021). اﻧﺪازة ﻫﺮﻳﻚ از ﻧﻘﺎط روي ﻧﻘﺸﻪ، ﺑﻴﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﻣﻴﺰان ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ آﺑﺎدي در ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ دﻳﮕﺮ آﺑﺎدي ﻫﺎﺳﺖ. ﺑﻪ ﻋﺒﺎرت دﻳﮕﺮ، ﻫﺮﭼﻪ اﻧﺪازة ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺑﺰرگ ﺗﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ، ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ ﺳﺎﻛﻦ آن ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ از دﻳﮕﺮ ﻧﻘﺎط اﺳﺖ.

94 . Taheri-Ardali, "A first account of the languages in western Hormozgan". Downloaded from lrr.modares.ac.ir at 3:02 IRDT on Friday June 25th 2021 [ DOI: https://doi.org/10.29252/LRR.12.2.8 ] Downloaded from lrr.modares.ac.ir at 22:03 IRST on Thursday October 7th 2021 [ DOI: https://doi.org/10.29252/LRR.12.2.8 ]

265 ﻣﺮﺗﻀﻲ ﻃﺎﻫﺮي اردﻟﻲ و ﻫﻤﻜﺎر ان اﻃﻠﺲ ﺑﺮﺧﻂ زﺑﺎن ﻫﺎي اﻳﺮان ...

ﻣﻨﺒﻊ: http://iranatlas.net/module/language-distribution.hormozgan

ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ :6 ﻧﻘﺸﺔ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﻣﺤﻮرِ ﺗﻌﺎﻣﻠﻲِ ﭘﺮاﻛﻨﺪﮔﻲ زﺑﺎﻧﻲ اﺳﺘﺎن ﻫﺮﻣﺰﮔﺎن. ﻫﺮ ﻳﻚ از رﻧﮓ ﻫﺎ ﻣﻌﺮف ﻳﻚ زﺑﺎن ﻳﺎ ﻳﻚ ﮔﺮوه زﺑﺎﻧﻲ اﺳﺖ. ﻫﻤﺎن ﻃﻮر ﻛﻪ در راﻫﻨﻤﺎي ﻧﻘﺸﻪ در ﺳﻤﺖ ﭼﭗ آﻣﺪه اﺳﺖ زﺑﺎن ﻫﺎ ﻳﺎ ﮔﺮوه ﻫﺎي زﺑﺎﻧﻲ ﻓﺎرﺳﻲ، ﻓﺎرس، ﻻرﺳﺘﺎﻧﻲ، ﺑﻨﺪري، ﺑﺸﻜﺮدي، ﻛﻤﻈﺎري، ﺑﻠﻮﭼﻲ، ﺧﻠﻮﺻﻲ، ﻋﺮﺑﻲ و آﻣﻴﺨﺘﻪ آﻣﺪه اﺳﺖ. اﻳﻦ ﻧﻘﺸﻪ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﺑﺰرگ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻲ دارد و ﺑﺎ ﻛﻠﻴﻚ ﻛﺮدن روي ﻫﺮ ﻳﻚ از ﻧﻘﺎط ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮان اﻃﻼﻋﺎت دﻗﻴﻖ ﺗﺮي ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آورد. Figure 6 : An interactive point-based map of language distribution in Hormozgan Province. Each colour represents the dominant language variety or group of varieties in each of the province’s settlements. As shown in the legend on the left, the languages or language groups are Persian, F ārs group, L ārest āni group, Bandari group, Bashkardi, Kumz āri, Balochi, Kholosi, Arabic, and mixed. This map can be enlarged and more detailed information can be obtained by clicking on each point.

ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ، در اﻳﻦ ﭘﺮوژه ﺳﻌﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد ﻧﻘﺸﺔ ﭘﺮاﻛﻨﺪﮔﻲ زﺑﺎﻧﻲ اﻳﺴﺘﺎي ﭼﻨﺪﺿﻠﻌﻲ ﻫﺮ اﺳﺘﺎن در دﺳﺘﺮس ﻋﻤﻮم ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮد. ﻧﻘﺸﺔ ﭘﺮاﻛﻨﺪﮔﻲ زﺑﺎﻧﻲ ﭼﻨﺪﺿﻠﻌﻲ ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻪ اﺳﺘﺎن ﭼﻬﺎرﻣﺤﺎل و ﺑﺨﺘﻴﺎري، اوﻟﻴﻦ ﻧﻘﺸﺔ اﻳﺴﺘﺎي ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺷﺪة اﻃﻠﺲ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ در ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺷﻤﺎرة 7 آﻣﺪه اﺳﺖ. اﻳﻦ ﻧﻘﺸﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ دو زﺑﺎن اﻧﮕﻠﻴﺴﻲ و ﻓﺎرﺳﻲ در دﺳﺘﺮس ﻫﻤﮕﺎن اﺳﺖ. ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ روي ﻧﻘﺸﻪ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪه اﻧﺪ ﻣﻜﺎن ﻫﺎي ﻣﻨﺘﺨﺐ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ اﺳﺘﺎن را ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﻲ دﻫﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﺰﻟﺔ ﻧﻘﺎط ﻫﺪف ﺑﺮاي ﮔﺮدآوري داده اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪه اﻧﺪ. ﻫﻤﺎن ﻃﻮر ﻛﻪ در ﺑﺨﺶ راﻫﻨﻤﺎي ﻧﻘﺸﻪ آﻣﺪه اﺳﺖ ﭼﻬﺎر Downloaded from lrr.modares.ac.ir at 3:02 IRDT on Friday June 25th 2021 [ DOI: https://doi.org/10.29252/LRR.12.2.8 ] Downloaded from lrr.modares.ac.ir at 22:03 IRST on Thursday October 7th 2021 [ DOI: https://doi.org/10.29252/LRR.12.2.8 ]

266 ﺟﺴﺘﺎرﻫﺎي زﺑﺎﻧﻲ د ورة 12 ، ﺷﻤﺎرة 2 (ﭘﻴﺎﭘﻲ 62 )، ﺧﺮداد و ﺗﻴﺮ 1400

ﮔﻮﻧﺔ ﺑﺨﺘﻴﺎري، ﭼﻬﺎرﻣﺤﺎﻟﻲ، ﻓﺎرﺳﻲ و ﺗﺮﻛﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﺰﻟﺔ زﺑﺎن ﻣﺎدري در اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎن ﺑﻪ آن ﻫﺎ ﺻﺤﺒﺖ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد (درﺑﺎرة ﺑﺨﺘﻴﺎري ﻧﻚ. Anonby & Taheri-Ardali, 2018 ). ﮔﻔﺘﻨﻲ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻧﻘﺎط ﺧﺎﻛﺴﺘﺮي رﻧﮓ روي ﻧﻘﺸﻪ ﻧﻘﺎﻃﻲ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ در آن ﻫﺎ ﭼﻨﺪﻳﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﺻﺤﺒﺖ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد. از اﻳ ﻦ رو، اﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻟﺤﺎظ ﭘﺮاﻛﻨﺪﮔﻲ زﺑﺎﻧﻲ « آﻣﻴﺨﺘﻪ 95 » در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه اﻧﺪ 96 . .

ﻣﻨﺒﻊ: http://iranatlas.net/module/linguistic-data.cb-research-sites

ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ 7 : ﻧﻘﺸﺔ اﻳﺴﺘﺎي ﭼﻨﺪﺿﻠﻌﻲ ﭘﺮاﻛﻨﺪﮔﻲ زﺑﺎﻧﻲ اﺳﺘﺎن ﭼﻬﺎرﻣﺤﺎل و ﺑﺨﺘﻴﺎري. ﻫﻤﺎن ﻃﻮر ﻛﻪ در راﻫﻨﻤﺎي ﻧﻘﺸﻪ در ﺳﻤﺖ ﭼﭗ آﻣﺪه اﺳﺖ ﺑﺨﺘﻴﺎري، ﭼﻬﺎرﻣﺤﺎﻟﻲ، ﻓﺎرﺳﻲ و ﺗﺮﻛﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﺰﻟﺔ زﺑﺎن ﻫﺎي ﻣﺎدري راﻳﺞ در اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎن ﺑﻪ آن ﻫﺎ ﺻﺤﺒﺖ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد. Figure 7 : A polygon-based static map of language distribution in Chahar Mahal va Bakhtiari Province. As shown in the legend on the left, Bakhtiari, Charmahali, Persian, and Turkic are spoken as common mother tongues in this province.

95 . mixed 96 . Taheri-Ardali & Anonby, "Language Distribution in C hahar Mahal va Ba khtiari Province of Iran". Downloaded from lrr.modares.ac.ir at 3:02 IRDT on Friday June 25th 2021 [ DOI: https://doi.org/10.29252/LRR.12.2.8 ] Downloaded from lrr.modares.ac.ir at 22:03 IRST on Thursday October 7th 2021 [ DOI: https://doi.org/10.29252/LRR.12.2.8 ]

267 ﻣﺮﺗﻀﻲ ﻃﺎﻫﺮي اردﻟﻲ و ﻫﻤﻜﺎر ان اﻃﻠﺲ ﺑﺮﺧﻂ زﺑﺎن ﻫﺎي اﻳﺮان ...

6 2ـ . ﻧﻘﺸﻪ ﻫﺎي داده ﻫﺎي زﺑﺎﻧﻲ ﮔﺮدآوري داده ﻫﺎي زﺑﺎﻧﻲ ﺗﺎﻛﻨﻮن در ﭘﻨﺞ اﺳﺘﺎن آﻏﺎز ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﮔﺮ دآوري داده از ﺳﻄﺢ اﺳﺘﺎن ﭼﻬﺎرﻣﺤﺎل و ﺑﺨﺘﻴﺎري در 26 آﺑﺎدي، اﺳﺘﺎن ﻫﺮﻣﺰﮔﺎن از 10 آﺑﺎدي، اﺳﺘﺎن اﻳﻼم از 5 آﺑﺎدي، اﺳﺘﺎن زﻧﺠﺎن از 2 آﺑﺎدي و اﺳﺘﺎن ﺳﻤﻨﺎن از 3 آﺑﺎدي اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. از آﻧﺠﺎ ﻛﻪ ﮔﺮدآوري داده از ﺳﻄﺢ اﺳﺘﺎن ﭼﻬﺎرﻣﺤﺎل و ﺑﺨﺘﻴﺎري ﺑﻪ ﭘﺎﻳﺎن رﺳﻴﺪه اﺳﺖ 97 ، ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺑ ﺨﺶ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﭘﺮﺳﺶ ﻧﺎﻣﻪ آﻏﺎز ﺷﺪه و ﺑﺨﺶ واژﮔﺎن آن ﺑﻪ ﭘﺎﻳﺎن رﺳﻴﺪه اﺳﺖ ( Anonby et al., in press ). ﺑﺮاي اﺳﺘﺎن ﭼﻬﺎرﻣﺤﺎل و ﺑﺨﺘﻴﺎري ﺗﺎﻛﻨﻮن در ﻣﺠﻤﻮع، 5 ﻧﻘﺸﻪ از ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻫﺎي زﺑﺎﻧﻲ اﺳﺘﺨﺮاج ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ از اﻳﻦ ﺗﻌﺪاد، 3 ﻣﻮرد ﺑﻪ ﺗﻨﻮع واژﮔﺎﻧﻲ در اﺳﺘﺎن ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ اﺳﺖ و 2 ﻧﻘﺸﻪ ﺗﻨﻮع واﺟﻲ را ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ 98 . ﺑﺮاي ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ، ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ 8 ﺗﻨﻮع واژﮔﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﺮاي واژة « ﺑﺮگ » را ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﻲ دﻫﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎزﻧﻤﺎﻳﻲ آن ﺑﻪ دو ﺻﻮرت ﻣﺘﻔﺎوت در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ دو رﻧﮓ ﻗﻬﻮه اي و زرد ﻛﻢ رﻧﮓ و ﺑﻪ ﺳﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﺔ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ (ﻧﻤﺎد ﻣﺮﺑﻊ، ﻟﻮزي و داﻳﺮه) ﺑﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﮔﺬاﺷﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. رﻧﮓ زرد ﺑﻴﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﻣﻌﺎدل pahr و par و رﻧﮓ ﻗﻬﻮه يا ﺑﻴﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﻣﻌﺎدل balge ، barg ، balg و balga اﺳﺖ.

97 . ﻃ ﺎﻫﺮي اردﻟﻲ و آﻧﻮ ﻧﺒﻲ، « ﺑﺮﺧﻲ از وﻳﮋﮔﻲ ﻫ ﺎي ﺑ ﺎرز زﺑ ﺎن ﺑﺨﺘﻴ ﺎري در اﺳﺘ ﺎن ﭼﻬ ﺎرﻣﺤ ﺎل و ﺑﺨﺘﻴ ﺎري ». Anonby & Taheri -Ardali, "Chahar Mahal va Ba khtiari Province in the Atlas o f the Languages of Iran ". 98 . Anonby & Taheri-Ardali, "Linguistic diversity and language contact in Chahar Mahal va Ba khtiari Province, Iran". Downloaded from lrr.modares.ac.ir at 3:02 IRDT on Friday June 25th 2021 [ DOI: https://doi.org/10.29252/LRR.12.2.8 ] Downloaded from lrr.modares.ac.ir at 22:03 IRST on Thursday October 7th 2021 [ DOI: https://doi.org/10.29252/LRR.12.2.8 ]

268 ﺟﺴﺘﺎرﻫﺎي زﺑﺎﻧﻲ د ورة 12 ، ﺷﻤﺎرة 2 (ﭘﻴﺎﭘﻲ 62 )، ﺧﺮداد و ﺗﻴﺮ 1400

ﻣﻨﺒﻊ: http://iranatlas.net/module/linguistic-data.cb-lexicon-leaf

ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ :8 ﻧﻘﺸﺔ ﺗﻨﻮع واژﮔﺎﻧﻲ در اﺳﺘﺎن ﭼﻬﺎرﻣﺤﺎل و ﺑﺨﺘ ﻴﺎري: ﻛﻠﻤﺔ « ﺑﺮگ ». رﻧﮓ زرد ﺑﻴﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﻣﻌﺎدل ,pahr par و رﻧﮓ ﻗﻬﻮه اي ﺑﻴﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﻣﻌﺎدل balg, barg, balge, balga اﺳﺖ. ﺷﻜﻞ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ، ﻟﻮزي و داﻳﺮه ﻫﺮ ﻳﻚ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﻣﻜﺎن ﻫﺎي ﻣﻨﺘﺨﺐ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺨﺘﻴﺎري، ﭼﻬﺎرﻣﺤﺎﻟﻲ و ﺗﺮﻛﻲ ﺻﺤﺒﺖ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ. Figure 8 : A map of lexical diversity in Chahar Mahal va Bakhtiari Province, using the example of the word ‘leaf’. Beige colour represents the forms pahr , par , and brown represents the forms balg , barg , balge , balga . The squares, diamonds, and circles each represent the selected research sites where speak Bakhtiari, Charmahali, and Turkic are spoken, respectively.

ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺷﻤﺎرة 9 ﺗﻨﻮع واژﮔﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ « ﻣﺮد » را ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﻲ دﻫﺪ. ﻫﻤﺎن ﻃﻮر ﻛﻪ در ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺑﺎ رﻧﮓ ﻫﺎ و ﻧﻤﺎدﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻧﺸﺎن داده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ، اﻳﻦ ﻛﻠﻤﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت meyre ، mire ، piy ɑ ، kiša ، kiše ، kiši ، merd ، mard و ar از ﺳﻮي زﺑﺎن وران اﺳﺘﺎن اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد ( Anonby et al., 2020) . ﺷﻜﻞ ﻣ ﺮﺑﻊ، ﻟﻮزي و داﻳ ﺮه ﻫﺮ ﻳﻚ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﻣﻜﺎن يﻫﺎ ﻣﻨﺘﺨﺐ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ

ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗ ﺐﻴ ﺑﺨﺘ ﺎرﻴ ،ي ﭼﻬﺎرﻣﺤﺎﻟ ﻲ و ﺗﺮﻛ ﻲ در آن ﻫﺎ راﻳﺞ اﺳﺖ . [ Downloaded from lrr.modares.ac.ir at 3:02 IRDT on Friday June 25th 2021 [ DOI: https://doi.org/10.29252/LRR.12.2.8 Downloaded from lrr.modares.ac.ir at 22:03 IRST on Thursday October 7th 2021 [ DOI: https://doi.org/10.29252/LRR.12.2.8 ]

269 ﻣﺮﺗﻀﻲ ﻃﺎﻫﺮي اردﻟﻲ و ﻫﻤﻜﺎر ان اﻃﻠﺲ ﺑﺮﺧﻂ زﺑﺎن ﻫﺎي اﻳﺮان ...

ﻣﻨﺒﻊ: http://iranatlas.net/module/linguistic-data.cb-lexicon-man

ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ :9 ﻧﻘﺸﺔ ﺗﻨﻮع واژﮔﺎﻧﻲ در اﺳﺘﺎن ﭼﻬﺎرﻣﺤﺎل و ﺑﺨﺘﻴﺎري: ﻛﻠﻤﺔ « ﻣﺮد ». رﻧﮓ ﺳﺒﺰ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﻣﻌﺎدل piy ɑ ، رﻧﮓ ﻧﺎرﻧﺠﻲ mire و meyre ، رﻧﮓ ﺑﻨﻔﺶ mard و merd ، آﺑﻲ kiše ، kiši و kiša و ﺻﻮرﺗﻲ ﻣﻌﺎدل ar اﺳﺖ. ﺷﻜﻞ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ، ﻟﻮزي و داﻳﺮه ﻫﺮﻳﻚ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﻣﻜﺎن ﻫﺎي ﻣﻨﺘﺨﺐ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮ ﺗﻴﺐ ﺑﺨﺘﻴﺎري، ﭼﻬﺎرﻣﺤﺎﻟﻲ و ﺗﺮﻛﻲ ﺻﺤﺒﺖ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ. Figure 9 : A map of lexical diversity in Chahar Mahal va Bakhtiari Province, using the example of the word ‘man’. Green represents the equivalent of piy ā, beige the equivalent of mire and meyre , purple the equivalent of mard and merd , blue the equivalent of kiši , kiše , and kiša , and pink the equivalent of ar . The shape of the squares, diamonds, and circles each represent the selected research sites, which speak Bakhtiari, Charmahali, and Turkic, respectively.

ﺗﺼﻮﻳ ﺮ 10 ﻧﻘﺸﺔ ﺗﻨﻮع واﺟﻲ در زﺑﺎن ﻫﺎي اﻳﺮاﻧﻲ در اﺳﺘﺎن ﭼﻬﺎرﻣﺤﺎل و ﺑﺨﺘﻴﺎري را ﺑﺎ اراﺋﺔ ﻣﺜﺎل ﭘﻴﺸﻴﻦ ﺷﺪﮔﻲ 99 ﻛﻠﻤﺔ « ﺧﻮن » ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﻲ دﻫﺪ . در ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﻧﻘﺎط واژة « ﺧﻮن » ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت

99 . fronting Downloaded from lrr.modares.ac.ir at 3:02 IRDT on Friday June 25th 2021 [ DOI: https://doi.org/10.29252/LRR.12.2.8 ] Downloaded from lrr.modares.ac.ir at 22:03 IRST on Thursday October 7th 2021 [ DOI: https://doi.org/10.29252/LRR.12.2.8 ]

270 ﺟﺴﺘﺎرﻫﺎي زﺑﺎﻧﻲ د ورة 12 ، ﺷﻤﺎرة 2 (ﭘﻴﺎﭘﻲ 62 )، ﺧﺮداد و ﺗﻴﺮ 1400 xin ، xi ، hin در ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﻧﻘﺎط دﻳﮕﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت hün و xün و در ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت xun اﺳﺘﻔﺎه ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد. ﺷﻜﻞ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ و ﻟﻮزي ﻫﺮ ﻳﻚ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﻣﻜﺎن ﻫﺎي ﻣﻨﺘﺨﺐ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺨﺘﻴﺎري و ﭼﻬﺎرﻣﺤﺎﻟﻲ ﺻﺤﺒﺖ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ.

ﻣﻨﺒﻊ: http://iranatlas.net/module/linguistic-data.cb-historical-phonology

ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ :10 ﻧﻘﺸﺔ ﺗﻨﻮع واﺟﻲ در زﺑﺎن ﻫﺎي اﻳﺮاﻧﻲ در اﺳﺘﺎن ﭼﻬﺎرﻣﺤﺎل و ﺑﺨﺘﻴﺎري: ﭘﻴﺸﻴﻦ ﺷﺪﮔﻲ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ « ﺧﻮن » ، ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮات ü < u ، i < u و واﻛﺔ u در ﻛﻠﻤﺔ « ﺧﻮن » را در ﺑﻴﻦ زﺑﺎن ﻫﺎي اﻳﺮاﻧﻲ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﻲ دﻫﺪ. ﺷﻜﻞ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ و ﻟﻮزي ﻫﺮ ﻳﻚ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﻣﻜﺎن ﻫﺎي ﻣﻨﺘﺨﺐ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺑﺨﺘﻴﺎري و ﭼﻬﺎ رﻣﺤﺎﻟﻲ ﺻﺤﺒﺖ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ. Figure 10 : A map of phonological diversity in Iranic languages in Chahar Mahal va Bakhtiari Province, using the example of the word ‘blood’. This map shows the changes u > i, u > ü and a historically stable vowel u in the word ‘blood’ among Iranic languages of the region. The squares and diamonds represent the selected research sites that speak Bakhtiari and Charmahali, respectively.

271 ﻣﺮﺗﻀﻲ ﻃﺎﻫﺮي اردﻟﻲ و ﻫﻤﻜﺎر ان اﻃﻠﺲ ﺑﺮﺧﻂ زﺑﺎن ﻫﺎي اﻳﺮان ...

ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ 11 ﻧﻘﺸﺔ ﺗﻨﻮع واﺟ ﻲ در اﺳﺘﺎن ﭼﻬﺎرﻣﺤﺎل و ﺑﺨﺘ ﺎرﻴ ي را ﺑﺎ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ اي از واﻛﻪ يﻫﺎ يﻫﺎ ﻦﻴﺸﻴﭘ ﮔﺮد ﺑﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﻣﻲﮔ ﺬارد . رﻧﮓ ﺳﺒﺰ ﻛﻢ رﻧﮓ، ﺳﺒﺰ ﺗﻴ ﺮه و ﺳﻔ ﺪﻴ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗ ﺐﻴ ﺣﻀﻮر /ü /، ﺣﻀﻮر /ö / و ﻋﺪم ﺣﻀﻮر /ü / و /ö / را ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣ ﻲ دﻫﺪ . ﻧﻤﺎدﻫﺎ ي ﻣﺮﺑﻊ، ﻟﻮزي و داﻳ ﺮه ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗ ﺐﻴ ﺐﻴ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﺑﺨﺘﻴ ﺎر ،ي ﭼﻬﺎرﻣﺤﺎﻟ ﻲ و ﺗﺮﻛ ﻲ اﺳﺖ.

ﻣﻨﺒﻊ: http://iranatlas.net/module/linguistic-data.cb-phonology

ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ :11 ﻧﻘﺸﺔ ﺗﻨﻮع واﺟﻲ در اﺳﺘﺎن ﭼﻬﺎرﻣﺤﺎل و ﺑﺨﺘﻴﺎري: واﻛﻪ ﻫﺎي ﭘﻴﺸﻴﻦ ﮔﺮد. رﻧﮓ ﺳﺒﺰ ﻛﻢ رﻧﮓ، ﺳﺒﺰ ﺗﻴﺮه و ﺳﻔﻴﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺣﻀﻮر /ü/ ، ﺣﻀﻮر / /ö و ﻋﺪم ﺣﻀﻮر / /ü و / /ö را ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﻲ دﻫﺪ. ﻧﻤﺎدﻫﺎي ﻣﺮﺑﻊ، ﻟﻮزي و دا ﻳﺮه ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﺑﺨﺘﻴﺎري، ﭼﻬﺎرﻣﺤﺎﻟﻲ و ﺗﺮﻛﻲ اﺳﺖ. Figure 11 : A map of phonological diversity in Chahar Mahal va Bakhtiari Province: fronted round vowels. Light green, dark green, and white indicate the presence of /ü/, the presence of /ö/, and the absence of /ü/ and /ö/, respectively. The symbols of square, diamond, and circle represent Bakhtiari, Charmahali, and Turkic, respectively.

272 ﺟﺴﺘﺎرﻫﺎي زﺑﺎﻧﻲ د ورة 12 ، ﺷﻤﺎرة 2 (ﭘﻴﺎﭘﻲ 62 )، ﺧﺮداد و ﺗﻴﺮ 1400

7 . ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﺔ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﻪ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ و ﺳﺎﺧﺖ اﻃﻠﺲ زﺑﺎن ﻫﺎي اﻳﺮان (ازﻳﺮان) و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ، ﺑﻪ اراﺋﺔ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ از ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ اوﻟﻴﺔ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از اﻳﻦ ﭘﺮوژه ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ازﻳﺮان در ﺟﺴﺖ وﺟﻮي اﺻﻠﻲ ﺗﺮﻳﻦ رﺳﺎﻟﺖ ﺧﻮد، ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ و ﻛﺎوش درﺑﺎرة رده ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ، ﭘﺮاﻛﻨﺪﮔﻲ و ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي زﺑﺎن ﻫﺎي اﻳﺮان اﺳﺖ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ، ﺑﻪ دﻟﻴﻞ ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد ﺑﻴﺶ از ﭘﻴﺶ زﺑﺎن ﻓﺎرﺳﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎي زﺑﺎن ﻫﺎ ي دﻳﮕﺮ اﻳﺮان، اﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﻣﺴﺘﻨﺪﺳﺎزي اﻳﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي زﺑﺎﻧﻲ ارزﺷﻤﻨﺪ، ﺑﻴﺶ از ﻫﺮ زﻣﺎن دﻳﮕﺮي اﺣﺴﺎس ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد. ازﻳﺮان ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﺰﻟﺔ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ اي ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺗﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻧﺴﺨﺔ آزﻣﺎﻳﺸﻲ (از آﻧﺠﺎ ﻛﻪ ﻫﻨﻮز ﺷﻜﻞ و ﺻﻮرت ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﺧﻮد را ﭘﻴﺪا ﻧﻜﺮده اﺳﺖ) رﺳﻤﺎً از ﺳﺎل 2015 آﻏﺎز و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﺎن در ﺟﺮﻳﺎن اﺳﺖ و ﻣﻤﻜ ﻦ اﺳﺖ ﺗﺎ دو دﻫﺔ آﻳﻨﺪه ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ آن در دﺳﺘﺮس ﻫﻤﮕﺎن ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮد. ﻫﺮﭼﻨﺪ، اﻳﻦ ﻣﺪت زﻣﺎن ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﻲ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ اﻓﺮادي ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺮوژه ﻛﻤﻚ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ، ﻧﻬﺎدﻫﺎي ﻫﻤﻜﺎر ﭘﺮوژه و دﻳﮕﺮ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ، ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. از اﻳﻦ رو، ﺑﻪ ﺳﺒﺐ زﻣﺎن ﺑﺮ ﺑﻮدن اﻧﺠﺎم ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﭘﺮوژهﻫ ﺎﻳﻲ، ﭘﺲ از اﺗﻤﺎم ﻫﺮ ﻛﺪام از ﺑﺨﺶ ﻫﺎي آن اﻋﻢ از داده ﻫﺎي ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﭘﺮاﻛﻨﺪﮔﻲ زﺑﺎﻧﻲ، داده ﻫﺎي زﺑﺎﻧﻲ و اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﻛﺘﺎب ﻧﺎﻣﻪ، اﻳﻦ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ در اﺧﺘﻴﺎر ﻫﻤﮕﺎن ﻗﺮار ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮد. در اﻳﻨﺠﺎ ﺳﻌﻲ ﺷﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ و ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﺑﺨﺶ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ اﻳﻦ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺔ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺗﻲ، ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮي ﻧﺴﺒﺘﺎً ﺟﺎﻣﻊ از ﭼﮕﻮﻧ ﮕﻲ روﻧﺪ ﻛﺎر اراﺋﻪ ﺷﻮد. اﻳﻦ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺔ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺗﻲ ﺑﺴﻴﺎر ﮔﺴﺘﺮده اﺳﺖ، اﻣﺎ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ در اﻳﻦ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺗﻼش ﺑﺮاي اراﺋﺔ ﺑﻬﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ در ﺑﺨﺶ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ

ﻛﺎر اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺴﺘﺮ ﻧﻮﻧﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﺰﻟﺔ ﻳﻚ اﺑﺰار ﺑﺴﻴﺎر ﻛﺎرآﻣﺪ ﻛﻤﻚ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺑﺴﻴﺎري از ﻣﻮاﻧﻊ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ اﻃﻠﺲ زﺑﺎﻧﻲ رﻓﻊ ﺷﻮد و ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻫﻢ زﻣﺎن ﺑﺎ اﻧﺠﺎم ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻛﺎر، ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﭘﺮوژه در دﺳﺘﺮس ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮد. در اداﻣﺔ اﻳﻦ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﻃﻮﻻﻧﻲ و ﭘﺮﻓﺮازوﻧﺸﻴﺐ، ﺑﺨﺶ ﻫﺎي ﺑﺎﻗﻴﻤﺎﻧﺪه از ﭘﺮوژه ﭘﻴﮕﻴﺮي ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ. ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ درﺑﺎرة ﭘﺮاﻛﻨﺪﮔﻲ زﺑﺎﻧﻲ در اﺳﺘﺎن ﻫﺎي ﺑﺎﻗﻴﻤﺎﻧﺪه و ﺳﭙﺲ ﮔﺮدآوري داده ﻫﺎي زﺑﺎﻧﻲ از آن ﻫﺎ، ﮔﺮدآوري دا ده ﻫﺎي زﺑﺎﻧﻲ از اﺳﺘﺎن ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ وﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﭘﺮاﻛﻨﺪﮔﻲ زﺑﺎﻧﻲ آن ﻫﺎ ﭘﻴﺶ از اﻳﻦ روﺷﻦ اﺳﺖ و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ، ﭘﻴﮕﻴﺮي ﻛﺘﺎب ﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻧﻴﺰ از ﺟﻤﻠﺔ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻫﺎي ﭘﻴﺶ روي ازﻳﺮان اﺳﺖ.

273 ﻣﺮﺗﻀﻲ ﻃﺎﻫﺮي اردﻟﻲ و ﻫﻤﻜﺎر ان اﻃﻠﺲ ﺑﺮﺧﻂ زﺑﺎن ﻫﺎي اﻳﺮان ...

8 . ﺳﭙﺎس ﮔﺰاري در ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ازﻳﺮان اﻓﺮاد و ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺎت ﺑﺴﻴﺎر ﻳﺎري رﺳﺎن ﺑﻮده اﻧﺪ. ﺷﺎﻳﺪ اﻳﻦ ﻓﻀﺎي ﻧﺎﭼﻴﺰ ﺑ ﺮاي ﺳﭙﺎس ﮔﺰاري ﻧﺘﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺑﻲ ﮔﻮاه ﺗﻼش ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ اﻓﺮاد و ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺎت ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ، در اﻳﻦ ﺑﻴﻦ، اﻓﺮاد ﺑﺴﻴﺎري ﻛﻤﻚ رﺳﺎن ﺑﻮده اﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ در ﺑﺨﺶ ﻧﻮﻳﺴﻨﺪﮔﺎن ﺑﻪ ﻣﺎ ﻣﻠﺤﻖ ﻧﺸﺪه اﻧﺪ. ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﺮاﺗﺐ ﻗﺪرداﻧﻲ ﺧﻮد را ﺑﻪ اﻓﺮاد زﻳﺮ اﻋﻼم ﻣﻲ دارﻳﻢ: ﻓﺮﻳﺰر ﺗﻴﻠﻮر100 ، ﺟِﻔﺮي ﻫﻴﮓ101 ، ﻛﺮﻳﺴﺘﻴﻦ ﺑﻮﻟﻮت102 ، ﻛﺮﺳﺘﻴﻨﺎ ون در ول آﻧﻮﻧﺒﻲ103 ، دﻛﺘﺮ ﺣﺴﻦ رﺿﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺎغ ﺑﻴﺪي، دﻛﺘﺮ ﻣﺼﻄﻔﻲ ﻋﺎﺻﻲ، اُﻛﺘﻮر ﺷﺎروو104 ، دﻛﺘﺮ ﺳﺎﻟﻮﻣﻪ ﻏﻼﻣﻲ، ﺷﺎﺑﻮ ﺗﺎﻻي105 ، ﻣﺴﻌﻮد ﻣﺤﻤﺪي راد، دﻛﺘﺮ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻲ اﻛﺒﺮي، دﻛﺘﺮ ﺑﻬﺮوز ﺑﺮﺟﺴﺘﺔ دﻟﻔﺮوز، دﻛﺘﺮ ﺷﻬﺮام ﻧﻘﺶ ﺑﻨﺪي، دﻛﺘﺮ ﻋﺎﻣﺮ ﻗﻴﻄﻮري، ﻛﻠﺮ ﻟﺴ ﺎژ106 ، آﻳﺖ ﺗﺠﻠﻲ، ﻋﻠﻲ ﻗﻬﺎرﺑﻴﮕﻲ، دﻛﺘﺮ ﻣﻨﻴﮋه ﻋﺎﻟﻤﻲ، دﻛﺘﺮ ﮔﻴﺘﻲ ﺷُﻜﺮي، دﻛﺘﺮ ﻓﺮﻳﺪه اُﻛﺎﺗﻲ، ﺷﻜﻴﺒﺎ ﻗﺎﺳﻤﻲ، ﻣﻴﻼد ﺷﺮﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪاري، ﭘﺮﺗﻮ ﻣﺤﻤﺪي دروس، ﺻﺎﺑﺮ ﺑﺨﺘﻴﺎري، ﻻﺋﻮرا ﺳﺎﻟﻴﺰﺑﺮي107 ، اﺣﺴﺎن اﻣﺠﺪﻳﺎن، ﻣﻬﺪي ﻣﺸﻜﺮﻳﺰ، ﺷﻴﻤﺎ رﺿﺎﻳﻲ، ﭘﮕﺎه ﻧﻴﻜﺮوان، ﻓﺎﻃﻤﻪ ﺷﺎه وردي ﺷﻬﺮﻛﻲ، ﻧﻴﻤﺎ ﻛﻴﺎﻧﻲ، ﻟ ﻴﻼ ﺻﺎدﻗﻲ، ﻣﻴﻨﺎ ﻃﺎوﺳﻲ، ﻓﺎﻃﻤﻪ اﻳﺰدي، آزاده ﻋﺒﺎدي، ﻗﻄﺐاﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺳﻮي، راﻣﻴﻦ رﺣﻤﺎﻧﻲ، ﺳﻤﻴﻪ ﭘﻮرﭘﺎﻛﺎر، اﻟﻬﺎم ﺣﺴﻦ ﭘﻮر ﻫﻔﺸﺠﺎﻧﻲ و ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﺣﻴﺪري ﻣﻘﺪم. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ، ﺑﺎ ﺳﭙﺎس از ﺷﺎدروان ﺻﻬﺒﺎ ﺳﻠﻴﻤﻲ ﻓﺎرغ اﻟﺘﺤﺼﻴﻞ ﻛﺎرﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ارﺷﺪ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﺷﻬﻴﺪ ﺑﻬﺸﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻃﻲ ﺟﻠﺴﺎت ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﻪ ﭘﻴﺸﺒﺮد اﻃﻠﺲ اﺳ ﺘﺎن ﻣﺎزﻧﺪران ﻛﻤﻚ ﻫﺎي زﻳﺎدي ﻛﺮدﻧﺪ. ﺑﻪ ﻋﻼوه، از ﺗﻤﺎم اﻓﺮادي ﻛﻪ در اﺳﺘﺎن ﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ در ﻛﺎرﻫﺎي ﻣﻴﺪاﻧﻲ ﮔﻮﻧﺎﮔﻮن ﻣﺎ را ﻣﻴﺰﺑﺎﻧﻲ و ﻳﺎري ﻛﺮده اﻧﺪ ﻛﻤﺎل ﺳﭙﺎس را دارﻳﻢ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺪون ﻳﺎري آن ﻫﺎ اﻳﻦ اﻣﺮ ﻣﻬﻢ، دﺳﺖ ﻧﻴﺎﻓﺘﻨﻲ ﺑﻮد. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ، ﺑﺮ ﺧﻮد ﻻزم ﻣﻲ داﻧﻴﻢ از ﺷﻮراي ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﻲ ﻋﻠﻮم اﺟ ﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ و ﻋﻠﻮم اﻧﺴﺎﻧﻲ در ﻛﺎﻧﺎدا و ﻣﻮﺳﺴﺔ آﻟﻜﺴﺎﻧﺪر ﻓﺎن ﻫﻮﻣﺒﻮﻟﺖ در ﻛﺸﻮر آﻟﻤﺎن ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﺑﻮدﺟﺔ ﻣﺎﻟﻲ ﭘﺮوژه ﺳﭙﺎس ﮔﺰاري ﻛﻨﻴﻢ. در ﭘﺎﻳﺎن، ﮔﻔﺘﻨﻲ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﺔ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺎزﻧﻤﺎي ﺗﻼش و ﻫﻤﺖ ﺟﻤﻌﻲ ﮔﺮوه ﺑﺰرﮔﻲ از ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎن و ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﻃﻮر زﺑﺎن وران ﺟﻮاﻣﻊ زﺑﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺎ وﺟﻮد اﻳﻦ، در ﺣﺎﻟﻲ ﻛﻪ اﺳﺎﺳﺎً از ﻧﮕﺮش اﻓﺮاد ﺑﺴﻴﺎري در اﻳﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ اﺳﺘﻘﺒﺎل ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد، اﻣﺎ اﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﻣﺸﺨﺺ، ﻣﻌﺮّف ﻧﻈﺮات ﻫﻤﺔ آن ﻫﺎ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ. ﻧﻮﻳﺴﻨﺪة ﻧﺨﺴﺖ، ﻣﺮﺗﻀﻲ ﻃﺎﻫﺮي اردﻟﻲ ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻟﻴﺖ ﺻﺤﺖ و دﻗﺖ در ﻣﺤﺘﻮاي ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ را ﺑﺮ ﻋﻬﺪه دارد.

274 ﺟﺴﺘﺎرﻫﺎي زﺑﺎﻧﻲ د ورة 12 ، ﺷﻤﺎرة 2 (ﭘﻴﺎﭘﻲ 62 )، ﺧﺮداد و ﺗﻴﺮ 1400

9 . ﭘﻲ ﻧﻮﺷﺖ ﻫﺎ ﻫﺎ

.1 ﺑﺮاي اﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﺛﺒﺖ و ﺿﺒﻂ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي در ﻣ ﻌﺮض ﺧﻄﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮان ﺑﻪ ﭘﺮوژة ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﻳﻮﻧﺴﻜﻮ ﺑﺎ ﻋﻨﻮان اﻃﻠﺲ زﺑﺎن ﻫﺎي در ﻣﻌﺮض ﺧﻄﺮ ﺟﻬﺎن ( http://www.unesco.org/languages-atlas/index.php )، ﭘﺮوژة زﺑﺎن ﻫﺎي در ﻣﻌﺮض ﺧﻄﺮ ( ELP ) در داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﻫﺎواﻳﻲ در ﻣﺎﻧﻮا ( .http://www endangeredlanguages.com/lang/country/Iran )، ﺳﻤﭙﻮزﻳﻮم ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﻠﻠﻲ زﺑﺎﻧﻲ ﻫﺎي اﻳﺮاﻧﻲ در ﻣﻌﺮض ﺧﻄﺮ ( ISEIL ) و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ، ﻣﺪرﺳﺔ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﺰي زﺑﺎن ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲِ ﻣﺴﺘﻨﺪﺳﺎزي زﺑﺎن در ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺧﺎورﻣﻴﺎﻧﻪ و ﺷﻤ ﺎل آﻓﺮﻳﻘﺎ در ﺑﺮﻟﻴﻦ اﺷﺎره ﻛﺮد. 2. Atlas of the Languages of Iran (ALI) 3. dialect geography 4. Georg Wenker 5. Sprachatlas des Deutschen Reiches (Language atlas of the German Empire) 6. Alexander Ellis 7. isogloss 8. Atlas Linguistique de la France 9. Romance 10. Jules Gilliéron & Edmond Edmont 11. Hans Kurath 12. Linguistic Atlas of the United States 13. World Atlas of Language Structures 14. Atlas of Pidgin and Creole Language Structures 15. LabEx EFL 16. Languages, Dialects and Isoglosses of the Iran-Caucasus-Anatolia-Near-East Area 17. microvariation 18. Georges Redard 19. Atlas Linguistique de l’Iran 20. Atlas of the Araxes-Iran Linguistic Area 21. Donald Stilo 22. Bruk & Apenchenko 23. Atlas Narodov Mira (Atlas of the peoples of the world) 24. Orywal 25. TAVO ( Tübinger Atlas des Vorderen Orients ‘Tübingen Atlas of the Middle East’) 26. Compendium Linguarum Iranicarum (Compendium of the languages of Iran) 27. Windfuhr 28. Hourcade 29. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

.30 اﻳﻦ ﺑﻨﺪ از ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﺮﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ از اراﺋﺔ ﺷﻔﺎﻫﻲ آﻧﻮﻧﺒﻲ ( 2015 ) اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ در ﺷﺸﻤﻴﻦ ﻫﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﻠﻠﻲ زﺑﺎن ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ اﻳﺮاﻧﻲ در ﺗﻔﻠﻴﺲ ﮔﺮﺟﺴﺘﺎن اراﺋﻪ ﺷﺪ. Downloaded from lrr.modares.ac.ir at 3:02 IRDT on Friday June 25th 2021 [ DOI: https://doi.org/10.29252/LRR.12.2.8 ] Downloaded from lrr.modares.ac.ir at 22:03 IRST on Thursday October 7th 2021 [ DOI: https://doi.org/10.29252/LRR.12.2.8 ]

275 ﻣﺮﺗﻀﻲ ﻃﺎﻫﺮي اردﻟﻲ و ﻫﻤﻜﺎر ان اﻃﻠﺲ ﺑﺮﺧﻂ زﺑﺎن ﻫﺎي اﻳﺮان ...

31. Anonby, Taheri-Ardali & Hayes, “ The Atlas of the Languages of Iran (ALI): A research overview”. 32. Dravidian 33. Kartvelian 34. language identity 35. Anonby & Sabethemmatabadi, “Representing complementary user perspectives in a language atlas”. 36. Irancarto 37. Endangered Languages Project (ELP) 38. Ethnologue

.39 ﺟﻌﻔﺮي دﻫﻘﻲ، « اﻃﻠﺲ آﻧﻼﻳﻦ زﺑﺎن ﻫﺎي اﻳﺮان ». ».

.40 ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺖ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ اﻋﻀﺎي ﺗﻴﻢ ازﻳﺮان در وﺑﮕﺎه اﻃﻠﺲ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد و از ﻟﻴﻨﻚ زﻳﺮ در دﺳﺘﺮس اﺳﺖ: http://iranatlas.net/module/atlasteam

.41 ﻫﺮﻣﺰﮔﺎن، ﭼﻬﺎرﻣﺤﺎل و ﺑﺨﺘﻴ ﺎر ،ي ﻛﺮدﺳﺘﺎن، ﺑﻮﺷﻬﺮ، اﻳ ﻼم، ﻛﺮﻣﺎﻧﺸﺎه، ﺳﻴ ﺴﺘﺎن و ﺑﻠﻮﭼﺴﺘﺎن، ﻣﺎزﻧﺪران، زﻧﺠﺎن، ﺧﻮزﺳﺘﺎن، ﻟﺮﺳﺘﺎن، ﺧﺮاﺳﺎن ﺟﻨﻮﺑ ،ﻲ اﺻﻔﻬﺎن، ﻓﺎرس، ﻗﺰوﻳ ﻦ، ﮔﻴﻼن، ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ي، ﻫﻤﺪان و ﺳﻤﻨﺎن. 42. Leiden 43. Bamberg 44. Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council (SSHRC) 45. Alexander von Humboldt Foundation 46. Anonby, Taheri-Ardali & Hayes, “The Atlas of the Languages of Iran (ALI): A research overview”. 47. Nunaliit

.48 ﺑﺮاي ﻛﺴﺐ اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ در ﻣﻮرد اﻳﻦ ﺑﺴﺘﺮ ﻧﺮم اﻓﺰاري ﺑﻪ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻲ زﻳﺮ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ: www.nunaliit.org

.49 اﻧﮕﺎرة ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده در اﻳﻦ ﺑﺴﺘﺮ اﻧﮕﺎرة ﻧﻘﺸﻪ ﻧﮕﺎري ﺑﺮﺧﻂ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ـ ﻣﺤﻮر ( co mmunity -based Taylor, 20 05) ( online cartog raphy model ) اﺳﺖ. 50. open source 51. relation-oriented 52. Github 53. language classification

.54 اﻳﻦ اﻧﮕﺎره از ﻟﻴﻨﻚ زﻳﺮ در دﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ اﺳﺖ: http://www.iranatlas.net/module/classification. 55. Anonby, Sabethemmatabadi & Hayes, “Reconciling contradictory perspectives of language identity in the Atlas of the Languages of Iran ”. 56. Anonby et al., “A Multi-Dimensional Approach to Classification of Iran’s Languages”.

Downloaded from lrr.modares.ac.ir at 3:02 IRDT on Friday June 25th 2021 [ DOI: https://doi.org/10.29252/LRR.12.2.8 ] 57. multi-dimensional language relation web Downloaded from lrr.modares.ac.ir at 22:03 IRST on Thursday October 7th 2021 [ DOI: https://doi.org/10.29252/LRR.12.2.8 ]

276 ﺟﺴﺘﺎرﻫﺎي زﺑﺎﻧﻲ د ورة 12 ، ﺷﻤﺎرة 2 (ﭘﻴﺎﭘﻲ 62 )، ﺧﺮداد و ﺗﻴﺮ 1400

58. force-directed graph visualization

.59 اﻳﻦ دﺳﺘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي از ﻟﻴﻨﻚ زﻳﺮ در دﺳﺘﺮس اﺳﺖ: http://iranatlas.net/module/taxonomy.selectMap . 60. genealogical inheritance 61. structural similarity 62. language contact 63. ethnic identification

.64 « ﻛﻤﻈﺎري » در ﻣﻘﺎﻟﺔ اﻓﺮاﺷﻲ ( 1391 ) ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت « ﻛﻤﺰاري » اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. 65. Tabaroid/Tatoid 66. https://www.amar.org.ir 67. transcription

.68 ﻃﺎﻫﺮي اردﻟﻲ و آﻧﻮﻧﺒﻲ، « اﺻﻮل ﻗﺮاردادي آواﻧﻮﻳﺴﻲ و واج ﻧﻮﻳﺴﻲ در اﻃﻠﺲ زﺑﺎن ﻫﺎي اﻳﺮان ». 69. simplified 70. comprehensive 71. local pronunciation

.72 ﺑﺮاي ﻛﺴﺐ اﻃﻼع ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ درﺑﺎرة ﺗﺮاﻧﻮﻳﺴﻲ در ازﻳﺮان ﺑﻪ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻲ زﻳﺮ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد: https://carleton.ca/iran/transcription

.73 ﮔﻔﺘﻨﻲ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ا ﻦﻳ ﻓﻬ ﺮﺳﺖ در ﻃﻮل اﻧﺠﺎم ﺗﺤﻘ ﻖﻴ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻐ ﺮﻴﻴ اﺳﺖ و ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﺰﻟﺔ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ آﻏﺎز ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد ، ﻫﺮﭼﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻤﺎم ﺗﻼش ﻫﺎ ﺻﻮرت ﻣ ﻲ ﻴﮔ ﺮد ﻛﻪ ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺖ ﻧﺴﺒﺘﺎً ﺟﺎﻣﻌ ﻲ ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ ﺷﻮد.

.74 در ا ﻦﻳ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺳﻌ ﻲ ﻣ ﻲ ﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ از ﻳﻚ ﻧﻔﺮ از ﻫﺮ ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﻛﻪ اﺷﺮاف ﺧﻮﺑ ﻲ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺮاﻛﻨﺪﮔﻲ زﺑﺎﻧ ﻲ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ دا رد ﻛﻤﻚ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ اﻟﺒﺘﻪ ، ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﭘ ﻴﭽﻴ ﺪﮔ ﻲ يﻫﺎ زﺑﺎﻧ ﻲ ﻫﺮ اﺳﺘﺎن ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ از ﺗﻌﺪاد اﻓﺮاد ﺑﻴ ﺸﺘﺮ ي ﺰﻴﻧ ﺑﻬﺮه ﮔﺮﻓﺘ ﻪ ﺷﻮد.

.75 ﻧﻜﺘﻪ اي ﻛﻪ در اﻳﻦ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺿﺮورت ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در ﻣﻮرد آن ﺑﺤﺚ ﺷﻮد ﭼﺮاﻳﻲ « ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﻲ ﺑﻮدن » ﻣﻴﺰان ﭘﺮاﻛﻨﺪﮔﻲ ﻳﺎ ﭘﺮاﻛﻨﺪﮔﻲ زﺑﺎﻧﻲ اﺳﺖ. در ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ اﻳﻦ ﻣﻄﻠﺐ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ اﺷﺎ ره ﻛﺮد ﻛﻪ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻛﺮدن ﭘﺮاﻛﻨﺪﮔﻲ زﺑﺎﻧﻲ دﻗﻴﻖ ﺑﺮاي ﺣﺪود 60 ﻫﺰار آﺑﺎدي در ﻛﺸﻮر اﮔﺮﭼﻪ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻧﺮﺳﺪ، اﻣﺎ اﻧﺠﺎم آن ﻧﻴﺎزﻣﻨﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎرﮔﻴﺮي ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺎت ﻓﺮاواﻧﻲ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ در ﻋﻤﻞ از ﮔﺴﺘﺮة ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺧﺎرج اﺳﺖ. از ﻃﺮﻓﻲ دﻳﮕﺮ، وﺑﮕﺎه اﻃﻠﺲ، ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﺑﺎزﺑﻴﻨﻲ و ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ اﻃﻼﻋﺎت درج ﺷﺪه را ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﺑﺮﺧﻂ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎرﺑﺮان ﻣﻲ دﻫﺪ. ﺑﻪ ﺑﻴﺎن دﻳﮕﺮ، ﻛﺎرﺑﺮان ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮاﻧﻨﺪ ﭘﺮاﻛﻨﺪﮔﻲ زﺑﺎﻧﻲ و دﻳﮕﺮ ﻣﻮارد درج ﺷﺪه را ﺑﺎزﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ و ﭘﺲ از ﺗﺄﻳﻴﺪ در ﻣﻌﺮض ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﻛﺎرﺑﺮان ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮد. اﻳﻦ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻫﺮﭼﻪ دﻗﻴﻖ ﺗﺮ ﺷﺪن ﻣﻴﺰان درﺻﺪ ﭘﺮاﻛﻨﺪﮔﻲ زﺑﺎﻧﻲ آﺑﺎدي ﻫﺎ ﻛﻤﻚ ﻛﻨﺪ. ﺧﺎﻃﺮﻧﺸ ﺎن ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ اﻳﻦ درﺻﺪ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﻲ ﻛﻪ در ازﻳﺮان ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد، دﻗﻴﻖ ﺗﺮﻳﻦ اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﻣﻮﺟﻮد درﺑﺎرة ﭘﺮاﻛﻨﺪﮔﻲ زﺑﺎﻧﻲ در ﻛﺸﻮر اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺗﺎﻛﻨﻮن در دﺳﺘﺮس اﺳﺖ.

.76 در اﻳﻨﺠﺎ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر از زﺑﺎن ﻣﺎدري، زﺑﺎﻧﻲ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻓﺮد در ﺑﺪو ﺗﻮﻟﺪ و در دوران اﺑﺘﺪاﻳﻲ زﻧﺪﮔﻲ ﺧﻮد [ Downloaded from lrr.modares.ac.ir at 3:02 IRDT on Friday June 25th 2021 [ DOI: https://doi.org/10.29252/LRR.12.2.8 Downloaded from lrr.modares.ac.ir at 22:03 IRST on Thursday October 7th 2021 [ DOI: https://doi.org/10.29252/LRR.12.2.8 ]

277 ﻣﺮﺗﻀﻲ ﻃﺎﻫﺮي اردﻟﻲ و ﻫﻤﻜﺎر ان اﻃﻠﺲ ﺑﺮﺧﻂ زﺑﺎن ﻫﺎي اﻳﺮان ...

در ﻣﻌﺮض آن واﻗﻊ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. 77. dot dropping 78. Aliakbari, Gheitasi & Anonby, “On language distribution in Ilam Province”; Anonby, Gheitasi & Aliakbari, “Revisiting language distribution in Ilam Province”. 79. ﻧﻘﺸﻪ ﻫﺎي روﺳﺘﺎﻳﻲ ﻳﻜﻲ از ﺳﺮوﻳﺲ ﻫﺎي ﺷﺒﻜ ﺔ روﺳﺘﺎﻳﻲ اﻳﺮان ، « روﺳﺘﺎﻧﺖ » اﺳﺖ. اﻳﻦ ﺑﺎﻧﻚ ﻛﻪ از از ﻛﻪ ﻃﺮﻳ ﻖ ﺷﺒﻜﺔ روﺳﺘﺎﻳﻲ اﻳﺮان، ﻳﻌﻨﻲ « روﺳﺘﺎﻧﺖ » ﺑﻪ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻲ http://www.roostanet.ir در اﺧﺘﻴﺎر ﻋﻤﻮم

ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻧﻘﺸﻪ ﻫﺎي دﻫﺴﺘﺎن ﻫﺎ و آﺑﺎدي ﻫﺎي ﻛﺸﻮر اﺳﺖ . ﻧﻘﺸﻪ ﻫﺎي آﺑﺎدي ﻫﺎ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻧﻘﺸ ﺔ ﺔ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ روﺳﺘﺎ و ﻧﻘﺸ ﺔ راه ﻫﺎي روﺳﺘﺎ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ اﻳﻦ ﻧﻘﺸﻪ ﻫﺎ از ﺳﻮي ﻣﺎﻫﻮاره ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ . ﻧﻘﺸ ﺔ ﺔ دﻫﺴﺘﺎن ،ﻫﺎ ﻧﻘﺸﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺗﺮﺳﻴﻤﻲ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس داده ﻫﺎي آﻣﺎري ﺳﺎل 1385 از ﺳﻮي ﻣﺮﻛﺰ آﻣﺎر اﻳﺮان

ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. 80. interactive point-based map

.81 در ﺑﺨﺶ 6 1ـ از ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻔﺼﻴﻞ ﺑﻪ اﻳﻦ ﻧﻘﺸﻪ ﻫﺎ ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد.

.82 ﻓﺮاﻳﻨﺪ ﮔﺮدآ وري داده ﺑﺎ ﻛﺴﺐ اﺟﺎزه از زﺑﺎن وران اﻧﺠﺎم ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد. 83. Schreiber et al., “Contact-induced change in Irano-Turkic morphosyntax”; Schreiber et al., “Language contact as a source of morphosyntactic variation in three varieties of Qashqay Turkic in south-west Iran”.

.84 ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ و ﺗﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﭘﺮﺳﺶ ﻧﺎﻣﺔ ازﻳﺮان در ﻣﻘﺎﻟﺔ ﻣﺠﺰاﻳﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻋﻨﻮان « ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ و ﺗﻮﺳﻌﺔ ﭘﺮﺳﺶ ﻧﺎﻣﺔ زﺑﺎن ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻲ اﻃﻠﺲ زﺑﺎن ﻫﺎي اﻳﺮان (اَزﻳﺮان) » در آﻳﻨﺪه ﺑﺤﺚ و ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ.

.85 اﻳﻦ ﭘﺮﺳﺶ ﻧﺎﻣﻪ اﺳﺎﺳﺎً ﺑﺮاي اﺳﺘﺨﺮاج وﻳﮋﮔﻲ ﻫﺎي ﺑﺎرز زﺑﺎن ﻫﺎي اﻳﺮاﻧﻲ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ (ﺑﺮاي ﭘﺮا ﻛﻨﺪﮔﻲ ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﻴﺎﻳﻲ زﺑﺎن ﻫﺎي اﻳﺮاﻧﻲ ﻧﻚ: Stone & Anonby, 2020 ). ﺑﺮاي دﻳﮕﺮ ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده ﻫﺎي زﺑﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﻪ وﻳﮋه زﺑﺎن ﻫﺎي ﺳﺎﻣﻲ از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻋﺮﺑﻲ، ﭘﺮﺳﺶ ﻧﺎﻣﺔ ﻣﻜﻤﻠﻲ در ﻛﻨﺎر اﻳﻦ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻬﻴﺔ آن در دﺳﺖ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ اﺳﺖ.

٨۶. اﻳﻦ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ از ﭘﺮﺳﺶ ﻧﺎﻣﻪ از ﻟﻴﻨﻚ زﻳﺮ ﺑﺮاي ﻋﻤﻮم در دﺳ ﺘﺮس اﺳﺖ: https://carleton.ca/iran/questionnaires 87. Eugene Chan

.88 ﺑﺮاي ﻛﺴﺐ اﻃﻼع از اﻳﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻲ زﻳﺮ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ: https://mpi-lingweb.shh.mpg.de/numeral 89. Leipzig-Jakarta 90. Comrie & Smith 91. Refining the questionnaire of the Atlas of the Languages of Iran .

.92 ﺑﺮاي ﻛﺴﺐ اﻃﻼع از ﺟﺰﺋﻴﺎت اﻳﻦ ﻛﺎرﮔﺎه ﺑﻪ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻲ زﻳﺮ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ: https://www.uni-bamberg.de/en/aspra/workshop-questionnaire-languages-of-iran-2017

.93 اﻳﻦ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ از ﭘﺮﺳﺶ ﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻧﻴﺰ از ﻟﻴﻨﻚ زﻳﺮ ﺑﺮاي ﻋﻤﻮم در دﺳﺘﺮس اﺳﺖ: Downloaded from lrr.modares.ac.ir at 3:02 IRDT on Friday June 25th 2021 [ DOI: https://doi.org/10.29252/LRR.12.2.8 ] Downloaded from lrr.modares.ac.ir at 22:03 IRST on Thursday October 7th 2021 [ DOI: https://doi.org/10.29252/LRR.12.2.8 ]

278 ﺟﺴﺘﺎرﻫﺎي زﺑﺎﻧﻲ د ورة 12 ، ﺷﻤﺎرة 2 (ﭘﻴﺎﭘﻲ 62 )، ﺧﺮداد و ﺗﻴﺮ 1400

https://carleton.ca/iran/questionnaires, https://dataverse.scholarsportal.info/dataverse/ali 94. Taheri-Ardali, “A first account of the languages in western Hormozgan”. 95. mixed 96. Taheri-Ardali & Anonby, “Language Distribution in Chahar Mahal va Bakhtiari Province of Iran”.

.97 ﻃﺎﻫﺮي اردﻟﻲ و آﻧﻮﻧﺒﻲ، « ﺑﺮﺧﻲ از وﻳﮋﮔﻲ ﻫﺎي ﺑﺎرز زﺑﺎن ﺑﺨﺘﻴﺎري در اﺳﺘﺎن ﭼﻬﺎرﻣﺤﺎل و ﺑﺨﺘﻴﺎري ». ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺟﻬﺖ دﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ ﺑﻪ داده ﻫﺎي زﺑﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ آن ﻫﺎ ﺧﺎﺗﻤﻪ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ ﻧﻚ: ,Anonby .( .( Taheri-Ardali, et al., 2020-2021 Anonby & Taheri-Ardali, “Chahar Mahal va Bakhtiari Province in the Atlas of the Languages of Iran ”. 98. Anonby & Taheri-Ardali, “Linguistic diversity and language contact in Chahar Mahal va Bakhtiari Province, Iran”. 99. fronting 100. Fraser Taylor 101. Geoffrey Haig 102. Christiane Bulut 103. Christina van der Wal Anonby 104. Oktor Skjærvø 105. Shabo Talay 106. Claire Lesage 107. Laura Salisbury

10 . ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ • اﺧﻼﻗﻲ، ف. ( 28 ﺑﻬﻤﻦ 1397 ). اﻃﻠﺲ زﺑﺎﻧﻲ اﻳﺮان: ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ و ﻣﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﺳﺎزي ﺗﻜﺜﺮ زﺑﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﺸﻮر [اراﺋ ﺔ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ]. ﻫﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ زﺑﺎن ﻣﺎدري. ﺗﻬﺮان: ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﻜﺪ ة زﺑﺎن ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ، ﻛﺘﻴﺒﻪ ﻫﺎ و ﻣﺘﻮن. • اﺳﺪﭘﻮر، ه. ( 1391 ). ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي زﺑﺎﻧﻲ در اﺳﺘﺎن آذرﺑﺎﻳﺠﺎن ﻏﺮﺑﻲ ﺑﺎ روش ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺳﻨﺠﻲ ﮔﻮﻳﺸﻲ. ﻧﺎﻣﺔ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﺴﺘﺎن، 12 4( )، 173 ـ 202. • اﻓﺮاﺷﻲ، آ. ( 1391 ). ﻳﮔﻮ ﺶ ﻛﻤﺰاري ةﺮﻳﺟﺰ ﻻرك: آزﻣﻮن ﻣﻼك يﻫﺎ رده ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘ ﻲ. ﻧﺎﻣ ﺔ ﺔ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﺴﺘﺎن، 12 4( )، 139 ـ 160 . . • آﻗﺎﮔﻞ زاده، ف. ( 1394 ). زﺑﺎن ﻣﺎزﻧﺪراﻧﻲ ( ﻃﺒﺮي ) ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻒ زﺑﺎن ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻲ ( ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﻣﻴﺪاﻧﻲ ـ اﻃﻠﺲ زﺑﺎﻧﻲ) . ﺗﻬﺮان: داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﺗﺮﺑﻴﺖ ﻣﺪرس. Downloaded from lrr.modares.ac.ir at 3:02 IRDT on Friday June 25th 2021 [ DOI: https://doi.org/10.29252/LRR.12.2.8 ] Downloaded from lrr.modares.ac.ir at 22:03 IRST on Thursday October 7th 2021 [ DOI: https://doi.org/10.29252/LRR.12.2.8 ]

279 ﻣﺮﺗﻀﻲ ﻃﺎﻫﺮي اردﻟﻲ و ﻫﻤﻜﺎر ان اﻃﻠﺲ ﺑﺮﺧﻂ زﺑﺎن ﻫﺎي اﻳﺮان ...

• ﺑﺎزﻳﺎر، ح. ( 1391 ). ﻃﺮح ﻣﻠ ﻲ ﻳﮔﻮ ﺶ ﺷﻨﺎﺳ ﻲ ﻳا ﺮان ﺷﻤﺎرة 9 ( 40 روﺳﺘﺎ در اﺳﺘﺎن اﻳ )ﻼم ﻳﭘﺎ[ ﺎن ﻧﺎﻣ ﺔ ﻛﺎرﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ارﺷﺪ زﺑﺎن ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﻫﻤﮕﺎﻧﻲ، داﻧﺸﮕﺎه آزاد اﺳﻼﻣﻲ واﺣﺪ ﺗﻬﺮان ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ي]. ي]. • ﺑﺼﻴﺮت، و.، و رﺿﺎﻗﻠﻲ ﻓﺎﻣﻴﺎن، ع. ( 1390 ). ﺑﻪ ﺳﻮي ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ اﻃﻠﺲ زﺑﺎﻧﻲ ﮔﻮﻳﺶ ﮔﻴﻠﻜﻲ. ادب ﭘﮋوﻫﻲ، 17 5( ). 165 ـ 183 . . • ﭘﺎﭘﻠﻲ ﻳﺰدي، م. ح. ( 1376 ). ﭘﺮاﻛﻨﺪﮔﻲ زﺑﺎن ﻫﺎ در روﺳﺘﺎﻫﺎي ﺷﻤﺎل ﺧﺮاﺳﺎن. ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﻴﺎﻳﻲ ، 10 . 21 ـ .42 • ﭘﺮﻣﻮن، ي. ( 1385 ). ﻃﺮح ﻣﻠﻲ اﻃﻠﺲ زﺑﺎﻧﻲ اﻳﺮان : ﻛﺘﺎﺑﭽﺔ ﺟﺎﻣﻊ ﺗﺪوﻳﻦ اﻃﻠﺲ (ﻣﺴﺘﻨﺪﺳﺎزي، ﭘﺎﻳﮕﺎه داده ﻫﺎ، ﻧﻘﺸﻪ). ﺗﻬﺮان: ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﻣﻴﺮاث ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ، ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ دﺳﺘﻲ و ﮔﺮدﺷﮕﺮي، ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﻜﺪه زﺑﺎن و ﮔﻮﻳﺶ. • ﭘﻮررﻳﺎﺣﻲ، م. ( 1362 ). ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﮔﻮﻳﺶ ﻫﺎي اﻳﺮان ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن اردﺳﺘﺎن از اﺳﺘﺎن اﺻﻔﻬﺎن . ﺗﻬﺮان: ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﻣﺮدم ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ. • ﭘﻮر رﻳﺎﺣﻲ، م. ( 1367 ). ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻘﺎﻻت ﻣﺮدم ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ وﻳﮋة: ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﮔﻮﻳﺶ ﻫﺎي اﻳﺮان )2( . ﺗﻬﺮان: ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﻣﻴﺮاث ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﻛﺸﻮر. • ﭘﻮررﻳﺎﺣﻲ، م. ( 1374 ). ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎ ﻳﻲ ﻳﮔﻮ ﺶ يﻫﺎ ﻳا ﺮان (ﺟﻠﺪ ﺳﻮم). ران: ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﻣﻴ ﺮاث ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕ ﻲ ﻛﺸﻮر. • ﺟﻌﻔﺮي دﻫﻘﻲ، ش. ( 1395 ). اﻃﻠﺲ آﻧﻼﻳﻦ زﺑﺎن ﻫﺎي اﻳﺮان . روزﻧﺎﻣﺔ اﻳﺮان ، 6360 . ﺑﺮﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ از: http://www.iran -newspaper.com/newspaper/item/404856 • ﺧﺒﺮﮔﺰاري ﺻﺪا و ﺳﻴﻤﺎ ( 12 اردﻳﺒﻬﺸﺖ 1395 ). ﺗﺼﻮ ﺮﻳ ي از ﺳ يﻤﺎﻴ زﺑﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﺸﻮر در اﻃﻠﺲ زﺑﺎﻧ ﻲ ﻳا ﺮان . ﺑﺮﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ از: /http://www.iribnews.ir/fa/news/1118214 • رﺳﺘﻢ ﺑﻴﻚ ﺗﻔﺮﺷﻲ، آ. ( 1394 ). اﻃﻠﺲ ﮔﻮﻳﺸﻲ و اﻧﺪازه ﮔﻴﺮي ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﻫﺎي ﮔﻮﻳﺸﻲ در اﺳﺘﺎن ﻳﺰد. ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻫﺎي زﺑﺎن ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﻲ، 5 ، 57 ـ .74 .74 • رﺳﺘﻢ ﺑﻴﻚ ﺗﻔﺮﺷﻲ، آ. ( 1395 ). اﻃﻠﺲ ﮔﻮﻳﺸﻲ و اﻧﺪازه ﮔﻴﺮي ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﻫﺎي ﮔﻮﻳﺸﻲ در اﺳﺘﺎن ﻫﻤﺪان. ﺟﺴﺘﺎرﻫﺎي زﺑﺎﻧﻲ، 7 )1( ، 59 ـ .80 .80 • رﺿﺎﻗﻠﻲ ﻓﺎﻣﻴﺎن، ع. ( 1389 ). ﺗﻬﻴﺔ اﻃﻠﺲ زﺑﺎن ﺗﺮﻛﻲ آذري در اﺳﺘﺎن آذرﺑﺎﻳﺠﺎن ﺷﺮﻗﻲ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺒﻨﺎي 100 واژه ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ . ﻃﺮح ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﻲ. داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﭘﻴﺎم ﻧﻮر اﺳﺘﺎن آذرﺑﺎﻳﺠﺎن ﺷﺮﻗﻲ. Downloaded from lrr.modares.ac.ir at 3:02 IRDT on Friday June 25th 2021 [ DOI: https://doi.org/10.29252/LRR.12.2.8 ] Downloaded from lrr.modares.ac.ir at 22:03 IRST on Thursday October 7th 2021 [ DOI: https://doi.org/10.29252/LRR.12.2.8 ]

280 ﺟﺴﺘﺎرﻫﺎي زﺑﺎﻧﻲ د ورة 12 ، ﺷﻤﺎرة 2 (ﭘﻴﺎﭘﻲ 62 )، ﺧﺮداد و ﺗﻴﺮ 1400

• ﺷﺒﻜ ﺔ روﺳﺘﺎ ﻳﻲ ﻳا .ﺮان ( 1395 ). روﺳﺘﺎﻧﺖ . ﺑﺮﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ از : http://map.roostanet.com • ﻃﺎﻫﺮي اردﻟﻲ، م. (1396 ). ﮔﻮﻳﺶ ﺑﺨﺘﻴﺎري : ﺑﻘﺎ ﻳﺎ زوال؟ ( ﻧﮕﺎﻫﻲ دﻳﮕﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد ﮔﻮﻳﺶ ﺑﺨﺘﻴﺎري : ﮔﻮﻧﺔ اردل ). ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻘﺎﻻت ﻫﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﻠﻠﻲ ﻣﻴﺮاث ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ ( ﺑﺨﺶ زﺑﺎن و و ﮔﻮﻳﺶ راﻳﺞ) . وﻳﺮاﻳﺶ هﺷﺪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﭘﻮﻧﺔ ﻣﺼﻄﻔﻮي . ﺻﺺ. 219 ـ 238 . . • ﻃﺎﻫﺮي اردﻟﻲ، م. ( 1399 ). اﺳﺘﺎن ﭼﻬﺎرﻣﺤﺎل و ﺑﺨﺘﻴﺎري در اﻃﻠﺲ زﺑﺎن ﻫﺎي اﻳﺮان : روش ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ و ﭘﺮاﻛﻨﺪﮔﻲ زﺑﺎﻧﻲ. ﻣﺠﻠﺔ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻫﺎي زﺑﺎن ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﻲ . 10 ، 47 47 ـ 69 . . 69 • ﻃﺎﻫﺮي اردﻟﻲ، م.، و آﻧﻮﻧﺒﻲ، ا. ( 26 آذر 1395 ). اﺻﻮل ﻗﺮاردادي آواﻧﻮﻳﺴ ﻲ و واج ﻧﻮﻳﺴﻲ در اﻃﻠﺲ زﺑﺎن ﻫﺎي اﻳﺮان . ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﻛﺎرﮔﺎه ﻫﺎي اﻧﺠﻤﻦ زﺑﺎن ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ اﻳﺮان ( LSI )، داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﻋﻼﻣﻪ ﻃﺒﺎﻃﺒﺎﻳﻲ، ﺗﻬﺮان. • ﻃﺎﻫﺮي اردﻟﻲ، م.، و آﻧﻮﻧﺒﻲ، ا. ( 1397 ). ﺑﺮﺧﻲ از وﻳﮋﮔﻲ ﻫﺎي ﺑﺎرز زﺑﺎن ﺑﺨﺘﻴﺎري در اﺳﺘﺎن ﭼﻬﺎرﻣﺤﺎل و ﺑﺨﺘﻴﺎري. ﻛﺘﺎﺑﭽﺔ اﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﻣﻘﺎﻻت اوﻟﻴ ﻦ ﻛﻨﻔﺮاﻧﺲ ﻣﻠﻲ زﺑﺎن ، ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ و ادﺑﻴﺎت ﺑﺨﺘﻴﺎري ، 991 ـ 1001 . ﺑﺮﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ از: http://conference.pnu.ac.ir/ChaharMahal -bakhtiari/post.aspx?id=1312 • ﻃﺎﻫﺮي اردﻟﻲ، م.، و آﻧﻮﻧﺒﻲ، ا. (در دﺳﺖ ﻧﮕﺎرش). ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ و ﺗﻮﺳﻌﺔ ﭘﺮﺳﺶ ﻧﺎﻣﺔ زﺑﺎن ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻲ اﻃﻠﺲ زﺑﺎن ﻫﺎي اﻳﺮان (اَزﻳﺮان). • ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﺴﺘﺎن زﺑﺎن و ادب ﻓﺎرﺳﻲ. ( 1388 ). راﻫﻨﻤﺎي ﮔﺮدآوري ﮔﻮﻳﺶ ﻫﺎ . ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﺴﺘﺎن زﺑﺎن و ادب ﻓﺎرﺳﻲ. ﺑﺮﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ از: http://parsianjoman.org/wp -content/uploads/2019/04 /Gouyesh.pdf • ﻣﺪرﺳﻲ، ي. ( 1369 ). [ﻧﻘﺪ و ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ] ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻘﺎﻻت ﻣﺮدم ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ وﻳﮋه: ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﮔﻮﻳﺶ ﻫﺎي اﻳﺮان ( )2 . ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ ، 6 . 309 ـ 313 . . • ﻣﺮﻛﺰ آﻣﺎر اﻳﺮان. ( 1390/ 1395 .) ﺳﺮﺷﻤﺎر ي ﻋﻤﻮﻣ ﻲ ﻧﻔﻮس و ﻣﺴﻜﻦ . وزارت ﻛﺸﻮر، ﻣﺮﻛﺰ آﻣﺎر اﻳ .ﺮان ﺑﺮﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ از: https://www.amar.org.ir • ﻣﻮﻻﻳﻲ ﻛﻮﻫﺒﻨﺎﻳﻲ، ح.، و آﻫﻨﮕﺮ، ع. ( 1396 ). اﻃﻠﺲ آوا ﻳﻲ ﻛﻮﻫﺒﻨﺎن؛ رﺳﻢ ﻧﺨﺴﺘ ﻦﻴ اﻃﻠﺲ ﺸﻳﮔﻮ ﻲ اﺳﺘﺎن ﻛﺮﻣﺎن . زﺑﺎن ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ و ﮔﻮﻳ ﺶ يﻫﺎ ﺧﺮاﺳﺎن . داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﻓﺮدوﺳ ﻲ ﻣﺸﻬﺪ، 9 ، 133 ـ 154 . . Downloaded from lrr.modares.ac.ir at 3:02 IRDT on Friday June 25th 2021 [ DOI: https://doi.org/10.29252/LRR.12.2.8 ] Downloaded from lrr.modares.ac.ir at 22:03 IRST on Thursday October 7th 2021 [ DOI: https://doi.org/10.29252/LRR.12.2.8 ]

281 ﻣﺮﺗﻀﻲ ﻃﺎﻫﺮي اردﻟﻲ و ﻫﻤﻜﺎر ان اﻃﻠﺲ ﺑﺮﺧﻂ زﺑﺎن ﻫﺎي اﻳﺮان ...

• ﻧﺠﻔﻴﺎن ، آ.، ﻣﻼﻳﻲ ﭘﺎﺷﺎﻳﻲ، س.، و ﺳﻨﺎﻳﻲ، ي. ( 1396 ). ﮔﻮﻳﺶ ﺳﻨﺠﻲ و ﻧﻘﺸﻪ ﻧﮕﺎري راﻳﺎﻧﺸﻲ زﺑﺎن ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺷﻤﺎل اﺳﺘﺎن اﻳﻼم ﺑﺮ ﭘﺎﻳﺔ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ اﻧﺒﻮﻫﻪ داده ﻫﺎي زﺑﺎﻧﻲ. ﻧﺸﺮﻳﺔ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻫﺎي زﺑﺎن ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﻲ ، 7 ، 145 ـ 163 . . • ﻧﺠﻔﻴﺎن، آ.، ﻣﻮﺳﻮي ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﺎه، ط.، روﺷﻦ، ب.، و ﻣﻼﻳﻲ ﭘﺎﺷﺎﻳﻲ، س. ( 1393 ). اﻃﻠﺲ ﮔﻮﻳﺸﻲ و ﮔﻮﻳﺶ ﺳﻨﺠﻲ ﻛﺮاﻧﺔ ﺟﻨﻮب ﺷﺮﻗﻲ درﻳﺎي ﻣﺎزﻧﺪران ﺑﻪ روش ﺑﺴﺎﻣﺪ واﻛﻪ. زﺑﺎن ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ و ﮔﻮﻳﺶ ﻫﺎي ﺧﺮاﺳﺎن ، 6 ، 79 ـ .98 .98 • ﻫﺎﺷﻤﻲ، ا. ( 1369 ). [ﻧﻘﺪ و ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ] ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﮔﻮﻳﺶ ﻫﺎي اﺻﻔﻬﺎن ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن اردﺳﺘﺎن از اﺳﺘﺎن اﺻﻔﻬﺎن . آﻳﻨﺪه ، 1 ـ 4 ، 160 ـ 168.

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