DOCSLIB.ORG

Phohnthip's Thesis to WREO

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Phohnthip's Thesis to WREO The Thai Multi-Pillar Pension System: Extending Pension and Savings Scheme Coverage to Informal Workers Phohnthip Smithsarakarn PhD University of York Politics, Economics and Philosophy March 2018 ii ABSTRACT This thesis examines the implications of Thailand’s multi-pillar pension system and its capacity of inclusion for informal workers since 2009. The study then seeks out the causal factors behind the system’s partly successful outcomes, with particular focus on barriers at the local level. The introduction of a new multi-pillar pension model for Thailand was promoted by the World Bank. The core objectives for this included the alleviation of poverty and expansion of social protection to all citizens. The new model marked the first time that informal workers were included in the formal system. However, while non-contributory pension scheme participation is at a record high, many informal workers have not yet joined the voluntary savings scheme. This thesis argues that implementation of the pension reform has shaped not only a broader institutional framework of the pension system, which indirectly affected the reform’s outcomes, but also a new type of welfare state regime. To substantiate these arguments, a combination of different approaches is employed – both in welfare state analysis and comparative-historical analysis – to examine the reform’s barriers of implementation and subsequent outcomes. The typology and macro- configurational aspect of welfare state institutions are used as analytical tools to examine the causal factors and outcomes of the reform. Meanwhile, the characteristics of a hybrid welfare state regime are used to explore the welfare state in Thailand. Using the results of questionnaires and interview data, this thesis found that informality and decentralisation are central to the institutional framework and functioning of the Thai pension system. However, the government has overlooked how both factors constrain the extension of the pension scheme coverage to the informal sector, unintentionally forming a vulnerable group within the current pension system. The thesis argues that developing the pension system alone is not sufficient to effectively extend pension and savings scheme coverage. Instead, the development of other institutions within the country’s system of governance as a whole is also required. This thesis further highlights how the nature of the five-pillar pension model has shaped a new role for the state, market, and family, thus forming a new Thai welfare hybrid, a combination of three welfare regimes: conservative, liberal, and social-democratic. In addition, this thesis concludes that the multi-pillar pension model is more practical and realistic in high-income countries with a small informal labour market. It is not feasible to successfully achieve the core objectives of this model in low- and middle-income countries with large informal labour markets like Thailand. iii Table of contents 1.1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................... 1 1.2 BACKGROUND: HOW DID THIS RESEARCH EMERGE? ........................................... 6 1.3 THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK ............................................................................. 15 1.4 METHODOLOGY ............................................................................................... 19 1.5 STRUCTURE OF THE THESIS .............................................................................. 25 2.1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................. 30 2.2 VARIETIES OF WELFARE STATE REGIME ............................................................ 32 2.2.1 Three worlds of classic welfare state regimes ........................................ 32 2.2.2 Going beyond the three worlds of the welfare state regime .................... 34 2.2.3 Esping-Andersen’s fourth regime: A hybrid regime ............................... 36 2.2.4 The development of the welfare state in Thailand .................................. 37 2.3 A COMBINATION OF TYPOLOGY OF SOCIAL INSURANCE INSTITUTIONS AND MACRO-CONFIGURATIONAL ASPECT AS AN ALTERNATIVE APPROACH .......................... 39 2.3.1 Five different types of social insurance institutions ................................ 40 2.3.2 Macro-configuration in comparative historical analysis ....................... 42 2.3.3 An alternative approach for exploring the institutional framework of the Thai five-pillar pension system ............................................................................... 44 2.4 THE HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF THE THAI PENSION SYSTEM ....................... 48 2.4.1 The evolution of the Thai pension system ............................................... 48 2.4.2 The characteristics of pension programmes in the Thai five-pillar pension system……………………………………………………………………………………….61 2.5 CONCLUDING REMARKS ................................................................................... 72 iv 3.1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................. 74 3.2 MIXED METHODS RESEARCH DESIGN ................................................................ 76 3.2.1 Validity and reliability of the research: Triangulation ........................... 78 3.2.2 Case study ............................................................................................... 80 3.2.3 Data protection ....................................................................................... 84 3.2.4 Anonymity ................................................................................................ 85 3.3 FIELDWORK RESEARCH .................................................................................... 86 3.3.1 The pilot study for this thesis .................................................................. 86 3.4 QUANTITATIVE METHOD: QUESTIONNAIRE SURVEY ......................................... 87 3.4.1 Unit of analysis: Population and sample of the study ............................. 88 3.4.2 Participant recruitment ........................................................................... 91 3.4.3 Questionnaire participant selection ........................................................ 92 3.4.4 Construction of questionnaire ................................................................. 93 3.4.5 Questionnaire data analysis .................................................................... 95 3.5 QUALITATIVE METHOD: INTERVIEWS ............................................................. 101 3.5.1 Unit of analysis: Interviewees ............................................................... 102 3.5.2 Interviewee recruitment ........................................................................ 103 3.5.3 Interviewee selection ............................................................................. 104 3.5.4 Conducting semi-structured interviews ................................................. 108 3.5.5 Interview data analysis ......................................................................... 109 3.6 CONCLUDING REMARKS ................................................................................. 110 4.1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................... 113 4.2 RESPONDENTS’ PERSONAL CHARACTERISTICS OBTAINED FROM THE QUESTIONNAIRE ......................................................................................................... 115 4.3 THE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN RESPONDENTS’ PERSONAL CHARACTERISTICS AND THEIR SAVINGS BEHAVIOUR ....................................................................................... 119 4.3.1 Labour market conditions and their savings behaviour ....................... 123 4.3.2 Vulnerable group in the Thai five-pillar pension system ...................... 126 4.3.3 Discussion: The influence of low-income on savings behaviours can be explained by educational background .................................................................. 137 4.3.4 Informality and savings contribution: The Thai and Latin American cases ………………………………………………………………………………….140 v 4.4 RESPONDENTS’ SATISFACTION WITH, AND ATTITUDES TO, THE THAI PENSION SYSTEM ...................................................................................................................... 142 4.4.1 Respondents’ satisfaction levels ............................................................ 143 4.4.2 Open-ended question data ..................................................................... 147 4.4.3 Discussion: Citizens’ attitudes towards the pension and savings programmes ........................................................................................................... 149 4.5 CONCLUDING REMARKS ................................................................................. 151 5.1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................... 154 5.2 THE DECENTRALISATION PROCESS AND THE LOCAL SYSTEM OF AUTONOMY .. 156 5.2.1 Four new administration types in local government ............................. 156 5.2.2 Differences between local governments in rural and urban areas ....... 158 5.3 DATA ON RESIDENTS ...................................................................................... 160 5.3.1 Interview data on senior respondents’ perspectives ............................. 160 5.3.2 Discussion: The interaction between the pension system and other institutions
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Thailand White Paper
    THE BANGKOK MASSACRES: A CALL FOR ACCOUNTABILITY ―A White Paper by Amsterdam & Peroff LLP EXECUTIVE SUMMARY For four years, the people of Thailand have been the victims of a systematic and unrelenting assault on their most fundamental right — the right to self-determination through genuine elections based on the will of the people. The assault against democracy was launched with the planning and execution of a military coup d’état in 2006. In collaboration with members of the Privy Council, Thai military generals overthrew the popularly elected, democratic government of Prime Minister Thaksin Shinawatra, whose Thai Rak Thai party had won three consecutive national elections in 2001, 2005 and 2006. The 2006 military coup marked the beginning of an attempt to restore the hegemony of Thailand’s old moneyed elites, military generals, high-ranking civil servants, and royal advisors (the “Establishment”) through the annihilation of an electoral force that had come to present a major, historical challenge to their power. The regime put in place by the coup hijacked the institutions of government, dissolved Thai Rak Thai and banned its leaders from political participation for five years. When the successor to Thai Rak Thai managed to win the next national election in late 2007, an ad hoc court consisting of judges hand-picked by the coup-makers dissolved that party as well, allowing Abhisit Vejjajiva’s rise to the Prime Minister’s office. Abhisit’s administration, however, has since been forced to impose an array of repressive measures to maintain its illegitimate grip and quash the democratic movement that sprung up as a reaction to the 2006 military coup as well as the 2008 “judicial coups.” Among other things, the government blocked some 50,000 web sites, shut down the opposition’s satellite television station, and incarcerated a record number of people under Thailand’s infamous lèse-majesté legislation and the equally draconian Computer Crimes Act.
    [Show full text]
  • Ratchaburi Ratchaburi Ratchaburi
    Ratchaburi Ratchaburi Ratchaburi Dragon Jar 4 Ratchaburi CONTENTS HOW TO GET THERE 7 ATTRACTIONS 9 Amphoe Mueang Ratchaburi 9 Amphoe Pak Tho 16 Amphoe Wat Phleng 16 Amphoe Damnoen Saduak 18 Amphoe Bang Phae 21 Amphoe Ban Pong 22 Amphoe Photharam 25 Amphoe Chom Bueng 30 Amphoe Suan Phueng 33 Amphoe Ban Kha 37 EVENTS & FESTIVALS 38 LOCAL PRODUCTS & SOUVENIRS 39 INTERESTING ACTIVITIS 43 Cruising along King Rama V’s Route 43 Driving Route 43 Homestay 43 SUGGEST TOUR PROGRAMMES 44 TRAVEL TIPS 45 FACILITIES IN RATCHABURI 45 Accommodations 45 Restaurants 50 Local Product & Souvenir Shops 54 Golf Courses 55 USEFUL CALLS 56 Floating Market Ratchaburi Ratchaburi is the land of the Mae Klong Basin Samut Songkhram, Nakhon civilization with the foggy Tanao Si Mountains. Pathom It is one province in the west of central Thailand West borders with Myanmar which is full of various geographical features; for example, the low-lying land along the fertile Mae Klong Basin, fields, and Tanao Si Mountains HOW TO GET THERE: which lie in to east stretching to meet the By Car: Thailand-Myanmar border. - Old route: Take Phetchakasem Road or High- From legend and historical evidence, it is way 4, passing Bang Khae-Om Noi–Om Yai– assumed that Ratchaburi used to be one of the Nakhon Chai Si–Nakhon Pathom–Ratchaburi. civilized kingdoms of Suvarnabhumi in the past, - New route: Take Highway 338, from Bangkok– from the reign of the Great King Asoka of India, Phutthamonthon–Nakhon Chai Si and turn into who announced the Lord Buddha’s teachings Phetchakasem Road near Amphoe Nakhon through this land around 325 B.C.
    [Show full text]
  • The Slow-Motion Revolution
    Spectator auStralia Bangkok-based foreign media euphemism to avoid the world’s most draconian lèse majesté The slow-motion laws, his notional heir Vajiralongkorn ‘carries less of the personal prestige than his father’, who after 61 years is the world’s longest-ruling revolution monarch. Despite popular entreaties, the for- ever-young Bhumibol wasn’t the direct calm- ing player in this crisis as he was in 1992, the Thailand has been spared its Tiananmen moment, says last time the military killed Thais in Bangkok, probably because he’s medically unable to. Eric Ellis, but Thais now know what civil war looks like And if Bhumibol does know Thais as well as his courtiers insist, and he’s physically able urderous though May and al liberties, a containment of corruption, even for conscious, rational decision-making, he’d the months before it were a democracy-of-sorts) were actually intro- know that his sudden public intervention in Bangkok, this was not duced in China in the post-Tiananmen years, would shock, his wizened appearance more 1989 as it spontaneously and are evident today in rampant China. As alarming than soothing. rose in Beijing. Casualties for their critical demand — for actual power The amart will also struggle with Abhisit’s Mwere measured in Thai tens not Chinese — Deng and his Politburo were never going evocation of ‘civil society’ in his plan. The Thai thousands. Unlike the People’s Liberation to allow it. This differs little to what skilled elite are imbued with generations of belief of Army, the Royal Thai Army was quick, pro- politicians do anywhere, even in democra- their own self-worth, regarding their societal fessional and exercised considerable restraint cies: condemn opponents, purloin their bet- primacy and privilege as a celestial birthright, in its purge, just as it did when seizing power ter ideas, manipulate the polity and placate one endorsed by the semi-divine monarchy.
    [Show full text]
  • A Bright Future Together
    2017/18 An Indonesian mask from Bali on display A bright future at the Pitt Rivers Museum, Oxford together The University of Oxford’s ties to the ASEAN nations span cutting-edge scientific research programmes and deeply impactful medical work through to social science research in areas such as demography and migration and cultural and historical study. Our largest presence in Southeast Asia is through our tropical medicine laboratories – a network of collaborative centres with bases in Thailand, Indonesia, Vietnam, Burma/Myanmar, Laos, and Cambodia that are among the largest research facilities run by any university overseas. Oxford’s deep collaboration with the region covers more than outstanding schools in Singapore and across the region to reach research partnerships. Burma is the only country globally in out to prospective applicants, and the result is that hundreds of which Oxford has developed a strategic programme of support Southeast Asian students come to Oxford each for higher education, led by the University’s senior leadership year – many then returning to produce a vibrant community and spanning all academic divisions. We also work closely with of more than 3,500 alumni across Southeast Asia. OXFORD’S TROPICAL MEDICINE UNITS IN SOUTHEAST ASIA Our goals in the ASEAN region OXFORD UNIVERSITY CLINICAL RESEARCH UNIT Hanoi Oxford is committed to recruiting the brightest and best LAO-OXFORD- MAHOSOT HOSPITAL students from Southeast Asia. In the coming years we WELLCOME TRUST Vientiane RESEARCH UNIT SHOKLO MALARIA hope to recruit more talented students at all levels of Yangon Mae Sot RESEARCH UNIT MYANMAR- study, as well as raising further funds to support growing CAMBODIA-OXFORD OXFORD CLINICAL Bangkok Siem Reap RESEARCH UNIT MEDICAL RESEARCH scholarship opportunities for students from the region.
    [Show full text]
  • Young Japanese Researchers on Southeast Asia
    > Research & Reports Decentralization in Thailand Since Fred Riggs’s memorial book on ‘Bureaucratic Policy’ was published in 1966, research Research > on modern Thai politics have broadened into new areas, exploring topics such as political Thailand parties, the military, the communist insurgency, the government-business relationship, the democracy movement, and so forth. Nonetheless, although it has often been pointed out that Thai bureaucracy is over centralized, Thai bureaucracy has never become a major topic for research. We still do not know how Thai bureaucracy recruits, trains, rotates, and evalu- ates its central bureaucrats. In view of the Thai economic recovery after the 1997 Asian eco- nomic crisis and the Taksin government’s new policies, such as village funds, the 30-bahts health care programme, or the ‘one Tambon, one product’ movement, remarkably little atten- tion has been paid to important and highly current issues concerning the Thai bureaucracy.1 By Fumio Nagai key topic related to Thai bureaucracy is the current decen- Atralization in Thailand, which has been accelerated by the 1997 Constitution. This is the topic that I have chosen to research. Decentralization is a big issue in public adminis- tration, but it is also a ‘political’ issue. It affects the role of both central and local governments, and may trigger politi- co-economic transformation of the Thai state itself. It is even more curious to compare reactions shown by Thai academ- ics and Japanese academics. While many Japanese scholars are quite interested in decentralization and have published many books (written in Japanese), I have found but a small number of books (written in Thai) on decentralization in Thailand.
    [Show full text]
  • 2009 Annual Meetings of the Boards of Governors Summary
    THE WORLD BANK GROUP THE WORLD BANK GROUP GROUP BANK A 2009 WORLD THE Headquarters 1818 H Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20433, U.S.A. NNUAL Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Telephone: (202) 473-1000 Facsimile: (202) 477-6391 Website: www.worldbank.org M EETINGS THE WORLD BANK GROUP OF THE B OARDS Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized OF NNUAL EETINGS SUMMARY PROCEEDINGS SUMMARY 2009 A M G OVERNORS OF THE OARDS OF OVERNORS B G Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized 2009 Summary Proceedings Istanbul, Turkey October 6–7, 2009 Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized 7052-CH00_FM_pi-viii.pdf 4/15/10 7:20 AM Page i THE WORLD BANK GROUP 2009 ANNUAL MEETINGS OF THE BOARDS OF GOVERNORS SUMMARY PROCEEDINGS Istanbul, Turkey October 6–7, 2009 7052-CH00_FM_pi-viii.pdf 4/15/10 7:20 AM Page ii 7052-CH00_FM_pi-viii.pdf 4/15/10 7:20 AM Page iii INTRODUCTORY NOTE The 2009 Annual Meetings of the Boards of Governors of the World Bank Group, which consists of the International Bank for Reconstruc- tion and Development (IBRD), International Finance Corporation (IFC), International Development Association (IDA), Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA) and International Centre for the Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID), held jointly with that of the International Monetary Fund, took place on October 6–7, 2009 in Istanbul, Turkey. The Honorable Nguyen Van Giau, Governor of the Bank and the Fund for Vietnam served as the Chairman. The Summary Proceedings record, in alphabetical order by member countries, the texts of statements by Governors, the resolutions and reports adopted by the Boards of Governors of the World Bank Group.
    [Show full text]
  • The Impact of Religious Tourism on Buddhist Monasteries: an Examination of Nine Temples in Ang Thong
    THE IMPACT OF RELIGIOUS TOURISM ON BUDDHIST MONASTERIES: AN EXAMINATION OF NINE TEMPLES IN ANG THONG By Mr. Panot Asawachai A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor Of Philosophy Program in Architectural Heritage Management and Tourism International Program Graduate School, Silpakorn University Academic Year 2016 Copyright of Graduate School, Silpakorn University THE IMPACT OF RELIGIOUS TOURISM ON BUDDHIST MONASTERIES: AN EXAMINATION OF NINE TEMPLES IN ANG THONG By Mr. Panot Asawachai A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor Of Philosophy Program in Architectural Heritage Management and Tourism International Program Graduate School, Silpakorn University Academic Year 2016 Copyright of Graduate School, Silpakorn University 55056953 : MAJOR : ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGE MANAGEMENT AND TOURISM KEY WORD : TOURISM IMPACT/RELIGIOUS TOURISM/BUDDHIST MONASTERY PANOT ASAWACHAI : THE IMPACT OF RELIGIOUS TOURISM ON BUDDHIST MONASTERIES: AN EXAMINATION OF NINE TEMPLES IN ANG THONG. THESIS ADVISOR: DONALD ELLSMORE, DPhilFAPT. 180 pp. In this dissertation, the impact of religious tourism development on the cultural heritage of sacred Buddhist places is explored through an examination of nine temples in Ang Thong and their communities. The research considers strategies that might permit religious tourism development while conserving the cultural heritage significance of the places. A review of the evolution of tourism development and evaluation of tourism impacts by assessing and studying nine sacred temples’ cultural heritage was undertaken to develop a practicable approach to promoting and managing tourism sustainably. The research reveals that the development and promotion of the nine temples in Ang Thong occurs in two important stages. The first is the emergence of royal monasteries and common temples that reflect the relationship between the religion and society.
    [Show full text]
  • Political Demonology, Dehumanization, and Contemporary Thai Politics
    Asia-Pacific Social Science Review 19(2) 2019, pp. 115–130 RESEARCH ARTICLE Political Demonology, Dehumanization, and Contemporary Thai Politics Siwach Sripokangkul1* and Mark S. Cogan2 1Khon Kaen University, Thailand 2Kansai Gaidai University, Japan [email protected] Abstract: The employment of acts of political demonology has become common among power holders in Thai society. Demonization campaigns trace back to the early 1970s when Thai nationalists deemed Communists to be “beasts in human clothing.” This paper reviews demonization strategies employed by power holders (countersubversives) to undermine, marginalize, and repress anti-government protesters (subversives), beginning with the formative 1970s student movements, and continuing through the 2014 military coup d’état. We argue through a series of vignettes that the Thai elites have conveniently labeled anti-government protesters and their mobilization networks as demons, trolls, or animals due to their supposed threats to the Thai state, its monarchy, or national religion. Keywords: political demonology, Thailand, dehumanization, state violence, repression Demonology, or regarding others as non-human Although demonology has been accredited with or as being unwelcome, is a phenomenon that has origins in the United States because of Rogin’s been around as long as political society itself. The work, there are oft-cited examples elsewhere, such political variety is primarily derived from Michael as the Nazi dissemination of a massive ideological Rogin’s (1987) book, “Ronald Reagan, The Movie dehumanization of a host of other groups of people, and Other Episodes in Political Demonology, which devaluing these groups as lower forms of life, called to the attention the creation of monsters as a commonly associated with animals (Steizinger, 2018).
    [Show full text]
  • COVID-19 in Urban Southeast Asia
    Contemporary Southeast Asia Vol. 43, No. 1 (2021), pp. 1–89 DOI: 10.1355/cs43-1a © 2021 ISEAS – Yusof Ishak Institute ISSN 0129-797X print / ISSN 1793-284X electronic One War, Many Battles: COVID-19 in Urban Southeast Asia MEREDITH L. WEISS, PAUL D. HUTCHCROFT, ALLEN HICKEN AND EDWARD ASPINALL By any metric, COVID-19 has disrupted Southeast Asia immensely, affecting even those countries that have fared comparatively well. Master narratives of the course of the pandemic across the region have been inescapable: which countries sprang into action and which lost time in denial or dithering; which implemented testing MEREDITH L. WEISS is Professor in the Department of Political Science, Rockefeller College of Public Affairs & Policy, University at Albany, State University of New York. Postal address: Albany, NY 12210, United States; email: [email protected]. PAUL D. HUTCHCROFT is Professor in the Department of Political and Social Change, Coral Bell School of Asia Pacific Affairs, Australian National University. Postal address: Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia; email: [email protected]. AllEN HICKEN is Professor in the Department of Political Science, University of Michigan. Postal address: 505 S. State Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1045, United States; email: [email protected]. EDWARD ASPINAll is Professor in the Department of Political and Social Change, Coral Bell School of Asia Pacific Affairs, Australian National University. Postal address: Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia; email: [email protected]. 1 01a Roundtable_Edward_3P_9April21.indd 1 9/4/21 6:23 PM 2 Meredith L. Weiss et al. and contact-tracing and which remain short on tests and strategies even now; where the death toll and economic costs have been devastating and where they have not been quite so terrible.1 The latest plot-lines in these unfolding dramas address when and from where vaccines are being secured, how effective authorities are in distributing them to their respective populations, and how they are preparing for and responding to new waves of infection.
    [Show full text]
  • Southeast Asia from the Corner of 18Th & K Streets
    Southeast Asia Program Southeast Asia from the Corner of 18th & K Streets Volume I | Issue No. 25 | August 10, 2010 Should the United States Combine the Missions of U.S. Ambassador to ASEAN and Special Envoy for Burma? Inside This Issue ernest bower the week that was Ernest Z. Bower is the senior adviser and director of the Southeast • United States and Vietnam Asia Program at the Center for Strategic and International Studies engage in nuclear talks in Washington, D.C. • MCC approves $434 million to Philippines August 10, 2010 • Kurt Campbell’s Australia-NZ- U.S. Trilateral meeting The White House has not yet released a name for its choice as U.S. the week ahead ambassador to ASEAN. Before it does, it might consider combining that mission with the position of U.S. Special Envoy for Burma. • Philippine secretaries of finance and trade advance President Aquino visit • Indonesia’s 65th Independence Day The administration has stepped up its focus on Southeast Asia with both Secretary of State Hillary Clinton and Secretary of Defense Robert • Australia will elect members of the Gates having visited the region last month with related missions to set 43rd Parliament of Australia the table for the United States’ entrance into the East Asian Summit (EAS) and for investing in strengthening bilateral ties with friendly countries around the region. To effectively drive an enduring and effective Asian regional security and trade architecture, the United States has determined, correctly, that it must have a strong partnership with ASEAN. Further, it recognizes that if ASEAN is to be at the core of such structures, it needs to develop stronger institutions and capabilities.
    [Show full text]
  • Disaster Management Partners in Thailand
    Cover image: “Thailand-3570B - Money flows like water..” by Dennis Jarvis is licensed under CC BY-SA 2.0 https://www.flickr.com/photos/archer10/3696750357/in/set-72157620096094807 2 Center for Excellence in Disaster Management & Humanitarian Assistance Table of Contents Welcome - Note from the Director 8 About the Center for Excellence in Disaster Management & Humanitarian Assistance 9 Disaster Management Reference Handbook Series Overview 10 Executive Summary 11 Country Overview 14 Culture 14 Demographics 15 Ethnic Makeup 15 Key Population Centers 17 Vulnerable Groups 18 Economics 20 Environment 21 Borders 21 Geography 21 Climate 23 Disaster Overview 28 Hazards 28 Natural 29 Infectious Disease 33 Endemic Conditions 33 Thailand Disaster Management Reference Handbook | 2015 3 Government Structure for Disaster Management 36 National 36 Laws, Policies, and Plans on Disaster Management 43 Government Capacity and Capability 51 Education Programs 52 Disaster Management Communications 54 Early Warning System 55 Military Role in Disaster Relief 57 Foreign Military Assistance 60 Foreign Assistance and International Partners 60 Foreign Assistance Logistics 61 Infrastructure 68 Airports 68 Seaports 71 Land Routes 72 Roads 72 Bridges 74 Railways 75 Schools 77 Communications 77 Utilities 77 Power 77 Water and Sanitation 80 4 Center for Excellence in Disaster Management & Humanitarian Assistance Health 84 Overview 84 Structure 85 Legal 86 Health system 86 Public Healthcare 87 Private Healthcare 87 Disaster Preparedness and Response 87 Hospitals 88 Challenges
    [Show full text]
  • Citizen Participation in Selected Local Governance of Asia Pacific Countries
    See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/280596271 Citizen Participation in Selected Local Governance of Asia Pacific Countries BOOK · MAY 2014 DOI: 10.18196/book.2015.0001 READS 661 4 AUTHORS, INCLUDING: Achmad Nurmandi Universitas Muhammadiyah Yog… 13 PUBLICATIONS 2 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE Mohammed Asaduzzaman Islamic University (Bangladesh) 12 PUBLICATIONS 0 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE Available from: Achmad Nurmandi Retrieved on: 12 March 2016 CitizenCitizen ParticipationParticipation i Citizen Participation CITIZEN PARTICIPATION IN SELECTED LOCAL GOVERNANCE OF ASIA PACIFIC COUNTRIES @2015 APSPA and JKSG First published by: JK School of Government Tamantirto, Yogyakarta Indonesia Email: [email protected] Telp: +62274387656 Website: http://jksg.umy.ac.id and http://apspa.org Number of pages and Dimensions books xii+ 1-154 page and 170 x 250 mm Copyright ©2015 Editorial matter and selection, Achmad Nurmandi, Sataporn Roengtam, Eko Priyo Purnomo, Amporn W Tamronglak; individual chapters, the respective contributors Printed in Yogyakarta, Indonesia by CV. Visitama Cover Design dan Lay-Out By Komar Yusuf National Library of Indonesia Cataloging in Publication Data A catalog record for this book is available from the National Library of Indonesia ISBN : 978-6021-9922-4-1 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18196/book.2015.0001 All right reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher ii Preface Th is book develops a better theoretical understanding of the linkage between the process and result within the government dealing with public participation.
    [Show full text]