SEQUOIA AND KINGS CANYON

!*jTriT^j!irT?E^B«oTr;M!TLT] \ Sixty Lakes Basin, Kings Canyon National Park

Lying across the heart of the in east central will learn, as you explore and observe, that each park has see without guidance—but, for safety's sake, not alone. the mountains. Stay on the trails. Avoid trips alone. Tell , Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks em­ its own distinctive character. You may fish, take a saddle-horse trip, follow the close-in one of your party or a park ranger where you are going and brace more than 1,300 square miles of spectacular granite trails, hike into the mountains. Consult a park naturalist when you expect to be back. mountains, deep canyons, and magnificient forests. Jeweled or ranger for other possibilities. Your car. Some mountain roads are crooked and steep. PLANNING YOUR TIME lakes and tumbling waterfalls adorn this glacier-carved land­ So always drive on your own side. Drive slowly and shift into scape. From west to east, the two parks extend from the At the outset, visit the or second or low gear to control your speed. Continuous use foothills near the San Joaquin Valley to the crest of the Grove Visitor Center or the ranger station at Cedar Grove. TO HAVE A TROUBLE-FREE VISIT of your brakes may cause them to overheat; this may result High Sierra. From north to south, they stretch some 65 The uniformed park naturalist or ranger will help you plan While here, you are living a life different in two respects in loss of control of your car. Wherever you drive observe miles. Though separately established—Sequoia in 1890 and the best use of your time. Exhibits at the visitor centers from your normal life: (1) You are in a National Park that posted speed limits; practice the courtesies of the road. Kings Canyon in 1940—they are virtually a single unit and tell the story of the giant sequoias and other aspects of the is to be preserved in its natural condition; therefore, you Your camp. Pitch it in a designated camp area. On trail are so administered. area's natural and human history. They will give you a should understand that certain requirements, even beyond trips camp where others have camped before. Campfire per­ Two things, especially, distinquish these parks—the forests better understanding of the region and will help you recog­ those usually practiced in the out-of-doors must be met. mits are required for trailside or back-country camping. Ob­ of gigantic and the extensive, lofty mountains. Here nize park features. (2) You are in the mountains where rugged terrain and tain your permit without charge at any ranger station. Build the giant sequoias, largest of all living things, reach their To keep posted on conducted tours, nature hikes, eve­ high altitudes present special problems of health and safety. your campfire in the fireplace provided or where others have greatest size and are found in largest numbers. Here also ning campfire programs, and other activities, consult the bul­ We are sure you will wish to observe park regulations. been built. Leave your camp clean when you depart. Use the vast Sierra Nevada rises to its highest altitudes, cul­ letin boards at ranger stations, lodges, and camps. You will find them posted in conspicuous places in the parks. refuse receptacles for all paper and trash. minating in the 14,495-foot summit of , You will want to be on your own part of the time. One Meanwhile here are a few points for you to remember: Pets. You may take your dog or cat into the parks. highest point in the United States outside Alaska. of the finest dividends of a visit here is a sense of exploration About yourself. Avoid overexertion. Accustom yourself However, because of the park wildlife it must be kept under Although the two parks have many similar features, you and discovery. There is a great variety of things to do and gradually to strenuous hikes and to the higher elevation of physical control at all times—caged, on a leash, or in your

2 3 4 5 car —and it may not be taken on any park trails or into Visitor Center and at lodges, campgrounds, and other public climbs to or Little Baldy open up superb If you are the hardy type, you can have the vacation of a visitor centers, stores, or eating establishments. places. views of valley, forest, and high mountain scenery. Or you lifetime here. You may want to backpack into the wilds; Fires and smoking. Do not smoke while traveling along Guided trips. Naturalists also conduct guided trips may take yourself into that high country scene by longer or you may prefer to explore the wilderness with the luxury the trails. If you want to smoke, stop, clear the ground through the big- areas and to important scenic points trail trips to Heather Lake, to , or to Bearpaw of pack and saddle animals, which are obtainable at many around you, smoke, put it out, and then move on. Break during the summer. Schedules for these trips are posted Meadow Camp near the base of the . places in or near the parks. Many people enter the high your match before throwing it away. Never leave camp- on bulletin boards throughout the parks. Tours through Crystal Cave are conducted daily except country from Owens Valley, east of the Sierra. fires unattended even for a few minutes; always extinguish Monday, mid-June through mid-September, from 9 a.m. ROADS AND TRAILS them with water. During the fire season, from about late WHAT TO SEE until 3 p.m. June to October, smoking in moving cars is not permitted The , the main road that connects Approaching the parks, you travel across the flat and General Grant and Redwood Mountain Groves, Kings below 6,000 feet elevation. Sequoia and Kings Canyon (see Road Log on back page), fertile San Joaquin Valley and through the Sierra foothills, Canyon National Park. The General Grant and Redwood Park features. All things in -the parks —flowers, trees, winds through the Giant Sequoia belt and covers 47 miles then climb abruptly to the forested uplands of Giant Forest Mountain Groves are somewhat separated from the main rocks, and minerals—are to be left unharmed for others to from the Ash Mountain Entrance to the northern border of or . Arriving here, you already have body of the park. In the former is the General Grant Tree, enjoy. Preservation here is a matter of law; it is also a mat­ General Grant Grove. Branching off from it are other roads some indication of the varied landscape and the grandeur of second in size to the Tree. It is 267 feet ter of consideration for others and of good citizenship. that take you to certain featured attractions or within short this region. But much more awaits you. tall, with a circumference of 107.6 feet. Other notable giants trail distances of them. Some lead to overlooks for spectac­ The features of these parks are so numerous and so diverse are the General Lee Tree, second largest in General Grant INTERPRETIVE SERVICES ular scenic views. you will have a wide choice of things to see. What you Grove, and the Tree, fourth largest known sequoia, in From General Grant Grove, you travel 28 miles on Calif. The provides certain interpretive do see will depend on your interests, your mode of travel and . In striking contrast to these 180 through Sequoia National Forest and along the South services in the parks to help you understand these areas and your time. Here is a brief summary of the chief attraction: living survivors of antiquity is the time-weathered Centen­ Fork of the Kings River to Cedar Grove. The road con­ their special features. Aside from the exhibits mentioned Giant Forest, . Some of the nial Stump, cut in 187 5 to provide an exhibit for the Phila­ tinues for 6 miles through the canyon to Copper Creek. earlier these include evening campfire programs and guided finest groups of giant sequoias may be seen at Giant Forest. delphia World's Fair. Big Stump Basin, where ages-old Here you stop beneath solid granite walls that tower thou­ trips to places of interest. Such services are free and you Here, too, is the General Sherman Tree, largest and one trees met death from the lumberman's ax, may be seen sands of feet above the canyon floor and end in a mass of are invited to take advantage of them. of the oldest of living things. It is approximately 272 feet nearby. lofty domes and pinnacles. Here begin many fine trails Campfire programs. Park naturalists give illustrated talks in height and 101.6 feet in circumference, and the maxi­ into higher areas. on various aspects of the two parks at evening campfire pro­ mum diameter of its trunk at the base is 36.5 feet. Its age Kings Canyon and Cedar Grove. Kings Canyon, a grams at Giant Forest, General Grant Grove, Dorst, Lodge- is estimated at about 3,500 years. In this part of the park, major feature of Kings Canyon National Park, is the steep- ON YOUR OWN pole, and Cedar Grove in summer. The weekly program, you may also see: Moro Rock, Crescent Meadow, Crystal walled, 9-mile-long valley of the South Fork of the Kings Fishing. You will find trout fishing in almost every lake showing schedules and subjects, is posted at Giant Forest Cave, Tokopah Valley, Sunset Rock and Beetle Rock. Short River. It is similar in many ways to Yosemite Valley. Towering peaks rise to heights of a mile or more above the and stream a half day's journey beyond the roads. Park Moro Rock, Sequoia National Park stream. Cedar Grove is the center of activity in Kings waters contain brook, brown, and rainbow trout, and the Canyon and a popular base for extensive trail trips into the famous California golden trout. high country. Readily accessible by road and trail from The most popular fishing spots are along the Kings River Cedar Grove are Zumwalt Meadows, Roaring River Falls, and the forks of the . Their smaller tribu­ and Mist Falls. taries, offering somewhat limited fishing, are best in early summer. You can buy a State fishing license at the stores. The high country. This is a vast region of unbroken A 10-day nonresident license costs $5; the annual license wilderness, of mountains, canyons, rivers, lakes, and for California residents is also $5. Certain closures and spe­ meadows. Within the two parks it extends from Coyote cial regulations are in effect from time to time, so check on Peaks at the southern border of Sequoia to the northernmost these matters at a ranger station before you fish. limits of Kings Canyon at Pavilion Dome. Evolution Basin, Swimming. Because of the low temperature of the Kern Canyon, Tehipite Valley, Bubbs Creek, Simpson waters of mountain lakes, swimming in them is inadvisable, Meadow—these are a few of the places where you can find and often dangerous; therefore, you'd better not attempt it. the unspoiled and spectacular natural scene. You will Saddle horses. You can rent saddle horses at corrals near catch glimpses of this wild country here and there from your Giant Forest (at Wolverton), General Grant Grove, or car or from such overlooks as Moro Rock or Panoramic Point. Cedar Grove; in Owens Valley, on the east side of the Sierra; But only by trail can you gain acquaintance with this rug­ and at many other places around the borders of the parks. ged but friendly country. The Sierra crest, ranging in eleva­ A BIT OF HISTORY tion from 11,000 feet to the 14,495-foot summit of Mount Whitney, forms the eastern boundary of the two parks. Many years ago. In prehistoric days, early Indians used The Trail enters Kings Canyon National Park this region as a hunting ground. Later Indians roamed its at Pavilion Dome and extends along the west side of the mountains and fished its streams. The first men of European range crest to Mount Whitney. origin to encounter the High Sierra were explorers, trappers

8 9 Grant Grove and the General Grant Tree. Seventeen years from Placer County south to southern Tulare County at ele­ later James Wolverton, a trapper, discovered the General vations of 4,000 to 8,000 feet. Sherman Tree, naming it for his Civil War commander. World's largest. Most surviving sequoias are protected John Muir named Giant Forest. in Sequoia, Kings Canyon, and Yosemite National Parks, in How these mountains and groves became parks. Muir State and county parks, and in National Forests. The was one of our country's greatest advocates of conservation. largest groves and biggest trees are in Sequoia and Kings In his writings, he extolled the natural wonders and Canyon. beauties of the high mountain wilderness; he begged for Their nearest kin is the coast redwood (Sequoia sem- preservation of the giant sequoias. However, loggers felled pervirens). This species claims the world's tallest tree, hundreds of "the giants" in accessible areas. Ghostly re­ 359 feet high, and at least one individual estimated as 2,000 minders of their activity may be seen today in Big Stump years old. But the giant sequoia is the world's largest in Basin, Redwood Mountain Grove and elsewhere. In Con­ volume and the longer-lived of the two species. Some of verse Basin, only a single sequoia, The Tree, was left the sequoias here—notably the General Sherman and the standing. General Grant —are estimated to be between 3,000 and Public-spirited citizens, campaigning for years to save the 4,000 years old. Many exceed 30 feet in diameter and reach big trees, made little headway. But when a sawmill was heights near 300 feet. erected at Colony Mill, Col. George W. Stewart, Visalia Age. How can trees live so long? Several reasons are editor, and Gustav Eisen, of the California Academy of apparent. Unlike most trees, sequoias seem to have no Sciences, renewed the fight, aided by a few other far-visioned built-in age limit; an indefinite life span enables them to go men. Their efforts succeeded when the Congress estab­ on living until some external force or combination of forces lished Sequoia National Park on September 25, 1890, and topples them. Their resistance to such forces and their General Grant National Park 3 weeks later. Kings Canyon remarkable recuperative powers enable them to surmount National Park was not established until 1940. The act most of the accidents normal to a forest. The thick, as­ of establishment made General Grant National Park a part bestos-like bark and wood heavy with tannin resist fire, of it. tree diseases, and insect attacks so often fatal to other Today, a number of park features bear the names of con­ trees. It produces new wood over fire scars, and new servation stalwarts who helped in the fight to preserve this branches and crowns to replace those lost in wind or snow­ region for posterity. Among these, and Muir storms. Even at the ripe age of 3,500 years, a sequoia has Grove perpetuate the name of John Muir. Mount Stewart vigor and vitality and continues to produce annually the and Mount Eisen, towering peaks of the Great Western tiny seeds from which new trees grow. Divide, and the Founders Group in Giant Forest, stand as You may ask, "Are there any young sequoias?" There are memorials to some of the men who helped establish Sequoia and you can see many here, though they differ in appearance National Park. from the older trees. In youth, the sequoia has a tall slender trunk and a thin conical crown, and the branches cover the THE GIANT SEQUOIAS General Sherman Tree, Sequoia National Park trunk nearly to the ground—a true Christmas-tree appearance. General Grant Tree, Kings Canyon National Park The giant sequoias (Sequoia gigantea) are survivors of Later, it broadens out, develops large lateral limbs, and sheds and fur traders. On John C. Fremont's third expedition to an ancient lineage of huge trees that grew over much of the the lower branches. In old age, the tree assumes a broad For publications containing more complete information the West in 1845, a section of his party traveled along the earth millions of years ago. Evidence of their antiquity is conical or open, oval shape with immense limbs and large about the sequoias, see listing in this booklet. Kern River, which he later named for his topographer. supplied by fossilized remains found buried (outside these tufts of foliage. Once you are able to recognize them at GEOLOGY: HIGH MOUNTAINS AND The Indians had called it Pu-sun-co-la. Spanish explorers parks) in ancient rock strata. The dinosaurs, the giant different stages of growth you will find representatives of all DEEP CANYONS discovered and named the Kings River. They called it Rio lizards, and the ichthyosaurs are long since gone. Most generations in most of the groves. de los Santos Reyes—River of the Holy Kings. of the giant sequoias went too, yet the species has survived Community life. Invariably the giant sequoias live in Geologists interpret the topography of the Sequoia and In the middle of the 19th century, settlers began moving through the ages, generally, it is believed, in places that association with other trees—in forest communities, where Kings Canyon region—the high mountains and deep can­ into the San Joaquin Valley around Visalia. , escaped glaciation in the ice age. As John Muir expressed they are scattered individually and in groups. The forest yons, the rocks, the hills and valleys—as the result of forces a pioneer cattleman, was the first to settle at Three Rivers. it, "* * * God cared for these trees, saved them from floor is often covered with lupine, dogwood, azalea, alder, operating over millions of years. Tremendous earth up- He made friends with the Indians and formed a strong drought, disease, avalanches, and a thousand straining, level­ and willow. Giant sequoias, with firs and , blend heavels, erosion, the movements of ponderous glaciers and friendship with Chief Chappo, head of the Potwishas. One ling tempests and floods * * *." harmoniously into the forest community; but note how raging rivers, the winds, and changing temperatures—all day in 1858, Chappo and other Potwishas led him up to The only place in the world today where these titans of strikingly different the ages-old sequoias are from their have had a part in sculpturing this vast region. the Indian Trail under Moro Rock to the fabulous big trees. the forest are found in their natural habitat is here in central neighbors. Massive and vigorous, they are the patriarchs Colorful rocks of foothill and summit areas were formed He was thus the first white man to see the sequoias at Giant California along the western slope of the Sierra Nevada. of the community. Spanning the ages, they seem to serve as sediments when the region lay beneath the waves of the Forest. In 1862, Joseph Thomas discovered the General They grow in scattered groves in a narrow 2 50-mile belt as a link with eternity. sea in what was doubtless an eastward extension of the Pa-

10 11 12 13 cific. The lighter-colored granites prevalent in sheer can­ summer and early autumn, simply retires to a quiet existence yon walls, rounded domes, and glistening lake basins, on the in his den during the winter, as do the marmot, chipmunk, other hand, were once molten-rock material called magma. and ground squirrel. The granites formed when the magma, working upward Other kinds of squirrels, and such predators as raccoons and from the depths, crystallized and solidified before reaching longtail weasels remain in the same territory all year but are the land surface. most active in summer. Cougars, bobcats, and ringtails, The great Sierra Nevada itself is a huge block of the earth's active chiefly at night, are occasionally seen. Resident in crust which has been uplifted and tilted westward in several the parks, but rarely seen, are Sierra bighorn, martens, major stages. Tilting steepened the slope, thus increasing wolverines, and fishers. The latter two are shy, rare species the speed and rate of downcutting of the rivers. With the of the more remote and primitive areas. advent of the great ice age, approximately a million years ago, The golden eagle is common, nesting in the mountain canyons approaching their present depths had been formed. crags. There are about 167 other species of birds, occupying Ice age glaciers gave added beauty and adornment to the a variety of habitats in the parks. face of the land. Canyons were quarried wider and deeper. THE SEASONS Great natural amphitheaters called cirques, were gouged into the higher ridges and crests. Basins occupied by the many Though most visitors come to these parks in summer, jewel-like lakes were scooped out. And as if to add a final thousands have discovered that other seasons offer rich re­ touch of glittering adornment, glaciers polished and bur­ wards. In autumn, dogwood, aspen, and oaks enliven the nished the sheer canyon walls and high valleys. Glaciers landscape with brilliant red, yellow, and orange foliage. In have thus added that charm and beauty to the Sierra which April and May the foothills are covered with spring flowers, led John Muir to call it "The Range of Light." and the rivers are bank-full from winter's melted snows. In winter, the sequoias are festooned with snow; the forest LIFE IN THE MOUNTAINS floor is smoother and brightened by a trackless white blanket; Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks would be in­ and you can get into the picture with skis, toboggans, and complete without the native life that is a part of them. skates. For skiers there are rope tows at Wolverton, above Here the animals roam at will in their natural habitat; the Giant Forest, with practice hill for novices, an intermediate trees and shrubs, the plants and flowers, in colorful array, run, and a steeper slope for experts. (Unless you are grow wild in their home environment. Variously and pe­ skilled, avoid the experts' run.) Ski equipment, snowshoes, culiarly, each is fitted by nature to live where it does. and ice skates are available for rent. The outdoor skating The Great Western Divide in the High Sierra, from Moro Rock, Sequoia National Park Because of the extreme variations of altitude and the diver­ rink at Lodgepole is open from about mid-December sity of climate in the parks, you will find different kinds of life through February. As a rule, the first snow comes in Oc­ in different places—for the living things thrive only where tober, usually at the higher elevations. their living requirements are most fully met. You experi­ At any season it is easy to find complete solitude; you system contains some 23,000,000 acres, it comprises less grandeur around you. The sequoias are the biggest trees ence a decided change in climate motoring here from the will be impressed not only by the majesty of your surround­ than 1 percent of the United States and its possessions. you've ever seen. The mountains are among the highest. San Joaquin Valley. You probably became aware also of ings but by the silence within the sequoia groves. The purpose of these parks and the pattern of their use The mile-deep canyons of the Kings River are spectacular the change in vegetation from the brush-covered foothills were defined in the Yellowstone National Park Act of 1872. and awesome. But there is more to these parks than big­ THE NATIONAL PARK STORY to the higher, forested plateau. On the grassy hills, you saw Congress reemphasized this purpose and this pattern in ness and grandeur. Perhaps your stay will be long enough buckbrush, chamise, redbud, and buckeye, plants that flower If this is your first visit to a National Park, you probably 1916, when it established the National Park Service. for you to discover and experience other qualities that give and seed early and that can survive the hot, dry summer. As will want to know something of the history, the scope, and So, in Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks, you them distinction. you go higher into the mountains, the flowering season is the significance of the National Park System, and how it is you will see virgin country as it evolved over the ages. As The majesty of the sequoia groves fosters a mood of progressively later. managed. Only a brief account can be given here. We did the early pioneers, here you will find nature in control, serenity, of separation from the turmoil and fret of the out­ Each succeeding climate zone has its own typical trees recommend that you read some of the publications listed free from human guidance. Predator and prey each has its side world. Some of these forest giants were already huge and is enlivened by its own special floral combinations. herein for more detailed information. place in the picture; the forest cycle goes on its appointed trees before the birth of Christ. Here time drops away; a Within the parks, over 1,200 kinds of trees, shrubs, wild- The United States was the first country in the world to set way, free from the threat of ax and saw; the waters flow un- sense of tranquility and of peace prevails. flowers, and other plants have been identified. aside an area of great natural beauty as a National Park for dammed. All about you is change—but it is change over The wilderness of the mountain scene—rushing rivers, Climate affects the animals, too, but not in the way it does all to enjoy. The first park—Yellowstone, established in which man exerts as little influence as possible. deep gorges, serrated peaks—challenges and revitalizes the the trees and the flowers. Some animals move from place 1872, "as a public park or pleasuring-ground for the bene­ human spirit. As John Muir, the great naturalist, said: to place with the seasons. The California mule deer, fit and enjoyment of the people"—was followed by others, "Going to the mountains is going home * * * wilderness THE GIFT OF WILDERNESS abundant in the parks, spends the winter in the snow-free similarly marked for preservation and enjoyment. The is a necessity * * * and mountain parks * * * are useful foothills, and generally moves into higher country in sum­ movement spread to other countries. Now, many nations At first, you will be impressed by the size of things in not only as fountains of timber and irrigating rivers, but mer. The black bear, common in the forested areas in have such parks for their people. Though our own park Sequoia and Kings Canyon and by the beauty and the as fountains of life."

14 15 16 17 OTHER PUBLICATIONS GENERAL INFORMATION only during winter); at Cedar Grove, mid-June to early eral Grant Grove, and Cedar Grove, mid-June to first week September. Dining room at Giant Forest Lodge open late in September. You will want to know more about these parks than we How to Reach the Parks May to late September. ADMINISTRA TION can give you in this brief publication. We suggest the fol­ The two main entrances to the parks are on the west lowing publications, which are available at visitor centers, Stores. General supplies and curios at Giant Forest, side. From Tulare or Visalia, Calif, (accessible by train or Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks are adminis­ ranger stations, and some stores in the parks: General Grant Grove, Lodgepole, and Cedar Grove during bus), sightseeing buses operate to Giant Forest in summer, tered by the National Park Service, U.S. Department of the summer. Limited staple items available at Giant Forest and on-call taxi service in winter. By car, take Calif. 180 Interior. and General Grant Grove during winter. ALCORN, WAYNE B. Discovering Cone-Bearing Trees in from Fresno or Calif. 198 and 65 from Visalia to Big Stump The National Park System, of which these parks are units, Sequoia and Kings Canyon. Sequoia Natural History Entrance, General Grant Grove, Kings Canyon National Equipment rental. Camping and hiking supplies, in­ is dedicated to conserving the scenic, scientific, and historic Assn., Three Rivers, Calif. Park (52 mi.); or Calif. 198 to Ash Mountain Entrance, cluding tents, cots, and mattresses at Pinewood Camp, Giant heritage of the United States for the benefit and enjoyment Sequoia National Park (34 mi.). Generals Highway con­ Forest; snowshoes and ski equipment at Wolverton; and of its people. BUTCHER, DEVEREUX. Exploring Our National Parks and nects the two parks. figure and hockey skates at Lodgepole. Monuments. Houghton Mifflin Co., Boston, Mass. The development of these areas is part of Mission 66, a Roads to Giant Forest, Lodgepole, and Big Stump Summer post offices at Giant Forest, Sequoia National dynamic conservation program to unfold the full potential COOK, LAWRENCE F. The Giant Sequoias of California. Entrance are open all year, but Generals Highway between Park, Calif., and General Grant Grove, Kings Canyon Na­ of the National Park System for the use and enjoyment of U.S. Government Printing Office, , D.C. Lodgepole and General Grant Grove is closed by snow at tional Park, Calif. Telephone and telegraph at Giant Forest, present and future generations. times in winter. General Grant Grove, Cedar Grove, and all permanent lodges A superintendent, whose address is Sequoia and Kings ELSASSER, A. B. Indians of Sequoia and Kings Canyon. and camps. Gasoline stations at Giant Forest, General Grant Canyon National Parks, Three Rivers, Calif., 93271, is in Where To Stay Sequoia Natural History Assn., Three Rivers, Calif. Grove, Stony Creek and Cedar Grove. Church services, immediate charge of the parks. His headquarters are near Advance reservations should be sought for lodge and Catholic and Protestant, each Sunday at Giant Forest, Gen­ Ash Mountain Entrance Sequoia National Park. FRY, WALTER, and WHITE, JOHN R. Big Trees. Stanford cabin accommodations. All communications regarding reser­ University Press, Stanford, Calif. vations for accommodations and for bus transportation to Sequoia's Mount Whitney, highest point in the United States outside Alaska MATTHES, FRANCOIS E. Sequoia National Park: A Geologi­ the parks from nearby vicinities should be addressed to: cal Album. University of California Press, Berkeley, Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks Co., Sequoia Na­ Calif. tional Park, Calif. (Address, November to May: Visalia, Calif.) OBERHANSLEY, FRANK. Crystal Care. Sequoia Natural Lodges and cabins. Giant Forest Lodge (American and History Assn., Three Rivers, Calif. European plans), open from late May to late October; Grant Grove Lodge (European plan), open late May to mid-Sep­ STAGNER, HOWARD R. The Giants of Sequoia and Kings tember; housekeeping cabins: at Camp Kaweah, Giant Forest, Canyon. Sequoia Natural History Assn., Three Rivers, open all year; at Meadow Camp and General Grant Grove Calif. open late May to mid-September; Bearpaw Meadow Camp STARR, WALTER A., Jr. Guide to the . (wood-platform tents) 11 miles from Giant Forest on High , San Francisco, Calif. Sierra Trail (no road), open from late June to early Septem­ ber. Pinewood Camp (partially equipped cabins) on Gen­ TILDEN, FREEMAN. The National Parks: What They Mean erals Highway, 1 mile north of Giant Forest, open early June to You and Me. Alfred A. Knopf, New York, N.Y. to early September. Free campgrounds at Giant Forest, Lodgepole, Dorst U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. Topographic Map, Sequoia- Creek, Grant Grove, and Cedar Grove are equipped with Kings Canyon National Parks. Federal Center, Denver, running water, toilets, fireplaces, and tables. Gasoline stove Colo. recommended. Firewood may be purchased, or may be WAMPLER, HEALD, and MCDERMAND. High Sierra—Moun­ collected in designated areas. Camping is permitted only in tain Wonderland. Joseph Wampler, Berkeley, Calif. designated campsites in the campgrounds and at established campsites along the trails. Lodgepole and Cedar Grove WHEELOCK, WALT and CONDON, TOM. Climbing Mount camps are best suited to trailer use, though they have no Whitney. La Siesta Press, Glendale, Calif. electrical or sewer connections. Occupancy is limited to 14 days. Reservations cannot be made. Most campgrounds WHITE, JOHN R., and PUSATERI, SAMUEL J. Sequoia and are open from June 1 until closed by snow in October. Kings Canyon National Parks. Stanford University Press, Stanford, Calif. Food and Supplies YEAGER, DORR G. National Parks in California. Lane Coffee shops. At Giant Forest, open all year; at General Publishing Co., Menlo Park, Calif. Grant Grove, late May to mid-September (lunch service

18 19 VISITOR-USE FEES Vehicle permit fees are collected at entrance stations. If you arrive when an entrance station is unattended, you must obtain a permit before leaving the park. Fees are not listed herein because they are subject to change, but the information may be obtained by writing to the super­ intendent. Fee revenues are deposited in the U.S. Treasury; they offset, in part, the cost of operating and maintaining the National Parks.

AMERICA'S NATURAL RESOURCES Created in 1849, the Department of the Interior- America's Department of Natural Resources—is concerned with the management, conservation, and development of the Nation's water, wildlife, mineral, forest, and park and recreational resources. It also has major responsibilities for Indian and Territorial affairs.

As the Nation's principal conservation agency, the De­ partment works to assure that nonrenewable resources are developed and used wisely, that park and recreational re­ sources are conserved for the future, and that renewable resources make their full contribution to the progress, pros­ perity, and security of the United States —now and in the future.

ROAD LOG ASH MOUNTAIN-CEDAR GROVE (Via Generals Highway and Calif. 180)

c e '3 t-< From c U 0 Cedar 3 u 0 o "3 TO Grove u. Qu, s c M

(a) Wolverton Road intersects Generals Highway 1 mile beyond General Sher­ Revised 1964 U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE ; 1964 OF—730-965 man Tree, and Wolverton Area is 1 mile east. (b) Big Stump Entrance is 2 miles southwest of Junction on Calif. 180. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office (c) Road ends at Copper Creek, 6 miles beyond Cedar Grove. Washington, D.C., 20402 - Price 15 cents

22 NATIONAL PARKS - CALIFORNIA