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New Trends in the Internet Applications. Practical Example of Web 2.0 Service NEW TRENDS IN THE INTERNET APPLICATIONS. PRACTICAL EXAMPLE OF WEB 2.0 SERVICE. WALDEMAR KARWOWSKI ARKADIUSZ ORŁOWSKI Department of Informatics SGGW Summary The paper is concerned with new technological solutions for internet applications known as Web 2.0. Both technological aspect and networking aspect of Web 2.0 sites are described. Characteristic well known examples of such sites are listed, and their typical features, like “look and feel”, are presented. Next, paper is focused mainly on technologies connected with Web 2.0; it is discussed how in web system we can put into practice XML, CSS, XHTML, AJAX, syndication and Web Services. It is explained how mentioned technologies maximally improve system usability. In the last part of the paper it is described practical example of Web 2.0 service realization. The target of this system was to create great place for bikers to exchange their experiences, show photos and find actual information about equipment. Requirements, design and implementation issues of web site for bikers are discussed. It is put emphasis on creation platform and Web 2.0 technologies utilized in the project. Finally some conclusions and experience from system realization are presented.. Keywords: Web 2.0, AJAX, community service 1. Introduction Nowadays Internet stays an important medium of information exchange and platform for business activity. Many people every day take advantage of conveniences given by Internet. A lot of them are sending emails, students are looking for study materials, online shops clients are searching and purchasing needed goods, bank clients are making financial transactions, bloggers are writing and sharing their opinions about various matter and many other particular groups of users are performing their specific activities. Traditional standalone applications, like for example computer games, have new Internet forms and network versions. Access to Internet is wider and easier available every year. Those tendencies have been stable for last years and have changed way of using computer programs. Polish universities are involved in Internet from its beginning in our country. Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW) is not an exception, it has Informatics Centre, university network and access to Internet. University staff and students use many computer programs but sometimes users are not satisfied from them, there are sometimes special needs for programs with specific functions. New ideas came up form both the staff and students, especially scientific circle members. Many ideas were finalized as master thesis, for example information exchange system for students [1], portal for organizers of scientific conferences [2] and application for discussion and communication [3]. Mentioned systems were made with open source technologies using PHP and mySQL database with traditional client server architecture. One thing 48 Waldemar Karwowski, Arkadiusz Orłowski NEW TRENDS IN THE INTERNET APPLICATIONS. PRACTICAL EXAMPLE OF WEB 2.0 SERVICE. is noticeable, all realized services include new ideas like tools for potential users to co-create website together with administrator. Last years new term appeared Web 2.0, and at the same need to implement this idea, that is to develop a working system on web server, which is designed in accordance with new trend. This project should take into consideration both technological aspect and networking aspect. People connected with the project are interested in biking and it was decided to prepare service for bikers [4]. 2. Web 2.0 new trend in the Internet Web 2.0 is new technology buzzword. Everybody has probably heard it. But what exactly is this Web 2.0? Is it, as the name seems to suggest, a new specification of the Internet? No it is not. Are there new technology, new platforms, applications and languages connected with new term? The second answer is only partially no, because old platforms and languages are used in a new way and there are new software libraries and tools supporting Web 2.0 development. We can describe Web 2.0 as a set of new trends in the Internet applications. There are all economic, social, and technology tendencies that together form the basis for the next generation of the Internet - a more mature medium characterized by user participation, openness, and network effects. The term was coined in 2004 by O’Reilly’s worker Dale Dougherty during a brainstorming session and after then propagated by Tim O’Reilly [5]. Since 2004 Web 2.0 Conference has been placed every year with many attendants, presentations and articles. But from the other side there are many opponents of Web 2.0. Some technology experts, have questioned whether one can use the term in a meaningful way, since many of the technology components of Web 2.0 have existed since the early days of the Internet. They claim that it is set of unrelated ideas and techniques originally brought together under the Web 2.0 banner. Others say it is only marketing “piece of jargon”, which can mean whatever a salesperson wants it to mean. Even we can partially agree with opponents opinions, we have to conclude that there is something new, some additional value which brings about success of Web 2.0 services and companies. There is no precision definition according to scientific standards but we can quote Wikipedia definition (here we have to point out that Wikipedia itself is well known example of Web 2.0 service). “In studying and/or promoting web-technology, the phrase Web 2.0 can refer to a trend in web design and development – a perceived second generation of web-based communities and hosted services (such as social- networking sites, wikis, blogs, and folksonomies) which aim to facilitate creativity, collaboration, and sharing between users.” In this definition we have neologisms (or rather jargon terms) like blogs or folksonomies. First term stays for web logs, second is explained in Wikipedia as the practice and method of collaboratively creating and managing tags to categorise content, metadata is not only generated by experts but also by creators and consumers of the content. Of course immediately we conclude that from our scientific point of view such categories are valueless because lack of terminological control produces unreliable results and the informal definitions. Of course for specific communities, like for example bikers, such terminology makes sense. We have not precision definition of Web 2.0 but according to Tim O’Reilly and other web analysts we can present a list of principles to consider when evaluating if a site can be considered Web 2.0 or not. A good Web 2.0 site should: provide services, not just a packaged software, and ensure cost-effective scalability, be based on unique and hard-to-recreate data sources that get richer as people use them, trust users as co-developers, POLISH ASSOCIATION FOR KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT 49 Series: Studies & Proceedings No. 24, 2009 harness collective intelligence, leverage the long tail through customer self-service, • be potentially deployable on any device, • provide users with lightweight user interfaces, development models, and business models. We can give, after Tim O’Reilly, examples of Web 2.0 services in compare to traditional services: Web 1.0 Web 2.0 DoubleClick Google AdSense Ofoto Flickr Akamai BitTorrent mp3.com Napster Britannica Online Wikipedia personal websites blogging evite upcoming.org and EVDB domain name speculation search engine optimization page views cost per click screen scraping web services publishing participation content management systems wikis directories (taxonomy) tagging ("folksonomy") stickiness syndication Source: What Is Web 2.0. Design Patterns and Business Models for the Next Generation of Software by Tim O'Reilly 09/30/2005 Above table is chaotic for scientist, samples of websites (Britannica versus Wikipedia) are mixed with some techniques (personal websites versus blogging) etc. but idea seems to be understandable. Finally there are visible symptoms of change: better access to the Internet, more broadband connections, wireless networks, mobile devices with Internet access etc. The main characteristic of Web 2.0 from ordinary user view is a democratic medium, allowing anyone to author unique content, publish it, and engage the Internet community in a conversation about it. Users can own the data on a Web 2.0 site and exercise control over that data. These sites may have an “architecture of participation” that encourages users to add value to the application as they use it. Web 2.0 sites offer a rich, user-friendly interface and may also have social-networking aspects. Web 2.0 services and activities like blogging are more popular. Additionally applications have specific “look and feel”, rounded corners, big fonts, bright colours. For companies new trend means a new business model on the Internet. Web 2.0 companies give services which are more personalized with users as co-developers. Web 2.0 can provide an proper solution to the needs of highly dispersed organizations, and very noticeable, Web 2.0 companies take bigger part of business. Google seems to be a symbol of new style business, its idea is to earn money on advertisements and offer software for free. Web 2.0 commercial sites have many features of free community services. New way of doing business by offering Software as a Service (SaaS) is present in different areas. In information management area we have Wikipedia, it is best example of free community service. In content management area we can find iTunes, YouTube, Yahoo! and iGoogle; in VoIP best known is Skype. Skype offers both free and pay services, of course we have many commercial examples: Google Ads is a leader in customer acquisition; in electronic commerce best known are Amazon.com and eBay; services for payments are supported by PayPal 50 Waldemar Karwowski, Arkadiusz Orłowski NEW TRENDS IN THE INTERNET APPLICATIONS. PRACTICAL EXAMPLE OF WEB 2.0 SERVICE. and Bill Me Later.
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