DOCSLIB.ORG

A Guide to Your Rights and Responsibilities of Riverside Ownership We Are the Environment Agency

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
A Guide to Your Rights and Responsibilities of Riverside Ownership We Are the Environment Agency A guide to your rights and responsibilities of riverside ownership We are the Environment Agency. It’s our job to look after your environment and make it a better place – for you, and for future generations. Your environment is the air you breathe, the water you drink and the ground you walk on. Working with business, Government and society as a whole, we are making your environment cleaner and healthier. The Environment Agency. Out there, making your environment a better place. Published by: Environment Agency Horizon House, Deanery Road, Bristol, BS1 5AH Tel: 03708 506506 Email: [email protected] www.gov.uk/environment-agency © Environment Agency All rights reserved. This document may be reproduced with prior permission of the Environment Agency. October 2014 5th edition, 2014 Watercourses enhance our lives in so many ways and yet they can also pose a threat when in flood. They need to be respected, protected and improved for our benefit and for future generations. That is why there is a significant amount of legal safeguards that we all need to comply with. Contents 1 Introduction 4 11 Tidal watercourses 23 2 Your rights and responsibilities 6 12 Erosion of river banks 24 3 Flood risk management 10 13 Land management 25 4 Understanding flood risk 12 14 The role of other organisations 28 5 Flood defence/ordinary 15 Explanation of terms 30 watercourse consents 13 6 Planning permission 16 Appendices 7 Other consents and licences 17 1 The role of the Environment Agency 34 8 Water Framework Directive 20 2 The role of your local 9 Culverts 21 authority and Internal 10 Mills and weirs 22 Drainage Board 36 Environment Agency Living on the edge 3 1 Introduction If you own land or property next to a river, stream or ditch you are a ‘riparian landowner’ and this guide is for you. It has been updated with new information on who to contact for guidance on watercourses. Your rights as a riparian landowner have been established in common law for many years, but they may be affected by other laws. You may need permission for some activities from a third party, such as your local authority (unitary, county or district council), Internal Drainage Board or the Environment Agency. These organisations are known as risk management authorities, and their role is described in Appendices 1 and 2. 4 Environment Agency Living on the edge Introduction This guide explains: mill stream or culvert. • your rights and responsibilities Your risk management authority can as a riparian landowner. It also give you advice and guidance on explains the roles of your risk managing your watercourse. However, management authority and other depending on the situation, they organisations you may need to will not approve or consent to work work with. that would harm the environment • who is responsible for flood risk or increase flood risk, even if the management and flood defences, works are structurally sound. They and what that means in practice. will discourage culverting, diverting • how you can work with your risk or channelling watercourses and management authority and other building into watercourses, known organisations to protect and as encroachment. They will promote improve the natural environment of ‘soft engineering’ methods to control our rivers and streams. erosion (see section 12). Your risk management authority If you are not sure who to contact has powers and responsibilities please visit the Environment Agency to manage flood risk and work website: www.gov.uk/environment- with others to improve the river agency or call 03708 506 506. environment in England and Wales. A watercourse is any natural or artificial channel above or below ground through which water flows, such as a river, brook, beck, ditch, For help and information during a flood call Floodline on 0345 988 1188. Environment Agency Living on the edge 5 2 Your rights and responsibilities If you own land adjoining, above or with a watercourse running through it, you have certain rights and responsibilities. In legal terms you are a ‘riparian owner’. If you rent the land, you should agree with the owner who will manage these rights and responsibilities. 6 Environment Agency Living on the edge Your rights and responsibilities Your rights • If your land boundary is next to a downstream. It also means that a watercourse it is assumed you own person cannot carry out activities the land up to the centre of the that could lead to pollution of watercourse, unless it is owned the water and therefore reduce by someone else. the natural water quality within a watercourse. More information on • If a watercourse runs alongside the permissions required to abstract your garden wall or hedge you water from a watercourse (section should check your property deeds 7) and what to do if you spot to see if the wall or hedge marks pollution in your local watercourse your boundary. If the watercourse is included in this booklet. marks the boundary, it is assumed you own the land up to the centre • You have the right to protect your of the watercourse. property from flooding, and your land from erosion. However, you • If you own land with a watercourse must get your plans agreed with running through or underneath it, the risk management authority it is assumed you own the stretch before you start work (see section of watercourse that runs through 5). your land. • You usually have the right to fish • Occasionally a watercourse, in your watercourse using a legal especially an artificial one, will be method. Anyone aged 12 or over the responsibility of a third party. must have a valid Environment This should be noted in your deeds. Agency rod licence. It is important • Water should flow onto or under to check what your rights are, your land in its natural quantity because fishing rights can be and quality. This means that sold or leased. water should not be taken out of These rights are affected by your duty a watercourse if it could lead to a to other riparian landowners, the lack of water for those who need it community and the environment. Environment Agency Living on the edge 7 Your rights and responsibilities Your responsibilities • You must let water flow through animal carcasses. your land without any obstruction, • You should always leave a pollution or diversion which development-free edge on the banks affects the rights of others. Others next to a watercourse. This allows also have the right to receive water for easy access to the watercourse in in its natural quantity and quality case any maintenance or inspection as explained in the Your Rights is required. In some areas local Section. You should be aware that byelaws exist which explain what all riparian owners have the same you can and cannot do within rights and responsibilities. certain distances of a watercourse. • You must accept flood flows For more information on works near through your land, even if these watercourses you should contact are caused by inadequate capacity your risk management authority. downstream. A landowner has no • You must keep any structures, such duty in common law to improve the as culverts, trash screens, weirs and drainage capacity of a watercourse mill gates, clear of debris. Discuss he/she owns. the maintenance of flood defences, • You should keep the banks clear such as walls and embankments, of anything that could cause an on your property with your risk obstruction and increase flood risk, management authority. They may either on your land or downstream be vital for flood protection. if it is washed away. You are • You should not cause obstructions, responsible for maintaining the bed temporary or permanent, that would and banks of the watercourse and stop fish passing through. the trees and shrubs growing on the banks. You should also clear any • You have a legal obligation to notify litter and animal carcasses from the Environment Agency and the the channel and banks, even if they relevant risk management authority did not come from your land. You if you would like to build or alter a may need your risk management structure that acts as an obstruction authority’s consent for these works to a watercourse. Under the Eel (see section 5). Your local authority Regulations in some cases it may be can advise you on the removal of an offence if you do not notify the 8 Environment Agency Living on the edge Your rights and responsibilities Environment Agency of the above. nature conservation. • Please help to protect water If you are not sure what you have quality. Do not use riverbanks to to do and/or are new to living dispose of garden or other waste, near a watercourse, ask your risk where it could be washed into the management authority for advice. river. This includes grass cuttings, Your property may include a which pollute the water. watercourse that runs in a culvert. • You are responsible for protecting You have the same responsibilities your property from water that for the upkeep of the culvert as if it seeps through natural or artificial was an open watercourse. banks. Where this damages a flood If you do not carry out your defence, your risk management responsibilities, you could face authority may require you to pay legal action. for repairs. If you see any activity that could • You must control invasive damage the environment or increase alien species such as Japanese flood risk, please report it to your risk knotweed. Your local risk management authority as soon as management authority can advise possible. Water and land pollution you on how to manage and or blockages which increase the risk control these species.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • How to Determine Whether a Watercourse Is a River, Ephemeral
    Date: 29th August 2019 To: Environmental Policy and Environmental Regulation Greater Wellington Regional Council From: Michael Greer Aquanet Consulting Ltd How to determine whether a watercourse is a river, ephemeral flow path, highly modified river or stream or artificial watercourse: A guidance note for Greater Wellington Regional Council officers 1 Introduction The provisions of the Resource Management Act 1991 (RMA) and the proposed Natural Resources Plan (pNRP) mean that certain activities are subject to different restrictions when undertaken on the bed of different types of watercourses. When determining how the pNRP policies and rules apply to a given watercourse, it must first be determined if the watercourse meets the RMA definition of a river, or if it is an artificial watercourse and therefore not covered by Section 13 of the RMA. If a watercourse is found to be a river, it also needs to be determined whether: It is an ephemeral flow path under the pNRP (as ephemeral flow paths are excluded from the definition of a surface water body and therefore certain rules do not apply); or It is a highly modified river or stream under the pNRP (only relevant when determining whether a watercourse can be managed under Rule R121). The purpose of this document is to describe a methodology that can be used by Greater Wellington Regional Council (GWRC) officers and consent applicants to determine whether a watercourse is: A river, and therefore subject to relevant rules in the pNRP; A highly modified river or stream for the purpose of Rule R121 only; An ephemeral flow path that is not covered by Rules R42, R48, R59 and R60 and is exempt from the directive in Policy P102 to avoid reclamation; or Artificial and not subject to the rules in Section 5.5 of the pNRP.
    [Show full text]
  • Watercourse Centerline and Habitat Feature Mapping
    Watercourse Centerline and Habitat Feature Mapping 3.1 Purpose The purpose of this SHIM module is to present the methods for mapping watercourse locations and describing watercourse attributes and habitats. These methods are designed for use in conjunction with SHIM Module 4 (Riparian Area Classification and Stream Channel Cross-Sections), and SHIM Module 5 (GPS Surveying Procedures) and describe field and attribute in the “data dictionary” of the Global Positioning System used in SHIM watercourse field surveying. Accurate spatial mapping of watercourses is critical to developing precise land use plans and Official Community Plans (OCP) in urban and many rural areas. Streams, wetlands and watercourses can be easily damaged or destroyed by land use development. Knowledge of watercourse extent and location is critical for providing information to help guide development and protect watercourses. The history of human development has shown that sensitive watercourses need protection and their precise location should be clearly understood and incorporated into local planning and development maps. It is not unusual for watercourses to be incorrectly mapped or even omitted entirely from municipal and provincial plans and maps (Fig. 3.1, see Fig. 2.1). It can be expensive to use land surveying techniques to map streams and watercourse to levels accurate and reliable enough to use in community and municipal land use plans. Recent developments in Global Positioning System (GPS) differential technology (SHIM Module 5) have enabled the quick, accurate, and inexpensive survey techniques to inventory and map resources and watercourses. The objective of Module 3 is to describe the SHIM standard for watercourse mapping using a resource survey grade differential GPS unit (here a Trimble Pathfinder, Appendix A).
    [Show full text]
  • Stream Restoration, a Natural Channel Design
    Stream Restoration Prep8AICI by the North Carolina Stream Restonltlon Institute and North Carolina Sea Grant INC STATE UNIVERSITY I North Carolina State University and North Carolina A&T State University commit themselves to positive action to secure equal opportunity regardless of race, color, creed, national origin, religion, sex, age or disability. In addition, the two Universities welcome all persons without regard to sexual orientation. Contents Introduction to Fluvial Processes 1 Stream Assessment and Survey Procedures 2 Rosgen Stream-Classification Systems/ Channel Assessment and Validation Procedures 3 Bankfull Verification and Gage Station Analyses 4 Priority Options for Restoring Incised Streams 5 Reference Reach Survey 6 Design Procedures 7 Structures 8 Vegetation Stabilization and Riparian-Buffer Re-establishment 9 Erosion and Sediment-Control Plan 10 Flood Studies 11 Restoration Evaluation and Monitoring 12 References and Resources 13 Appendices Preface Streams and rivers serve many purposes, including water supply, The authors would like to thank the following people for reviewing wildlife habitat, energy generation, transportation and recreation. the document: A stream is a dynamic, complex system that includes not only Micky Clemmons the active channel but also the floodplain and the vegetation Rockie English, Ph.D. along its edges. A natural stream system remains stable while Chris Estes transporting a wide range of flows and sediment produced in its Angela Jessup, P.E. watershed, maintaining a state of "dynamic equilibrium." When Joseph Mickey changes to the channel, floodplain, vegetation, flow or sediment David Penrose supply significantly affect this equilibrium, the stream may Todd St. John become unstable and start adjusting toward a new equilibrium state.
    [Show full text]
  • Historic Erie Canal Aqueduct & Broad Street Corridor
    HISTORIC ERIE CANAL AQUEDUCT & BROAD STREET CORRIDOR MASTER PLAN MAY 2009 PREPARED FOR THE CITY OF ROCHESTER Copyright May 2009 Cooper Carry All rights reserved. Design: Cooper Carry 2 Historic Erie Canal AQUedUct & Broad Street Corridor Master Plan HISTORIC ERIE CANAL AQUEDUCT & BROAD STREET CORRIDOR 1.0 MASTER PLAN TABLE OF CONTENTS 5 1.1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 23 1.2 INTRODUCTION 27 1.3 PARTICIPANTS 33 2.1 SITE ANALYSIS/ RESEARCH 53 2.2 DESIGN PROCESS 57 2.3 HISTORIC PRECEDENT 59 2.4 MARKET CONDITIONS 67 2.5 DESIGN ALTERNATIVES 75 2.6 RECOMMENDATIONS 93 2.7 PHASING 101 2.8 INFRASTRUCTURE & UTILITIES 113 3.1 RESOURCES 115 3.2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Historic Erie Canal AQUedUct & Broad Street Corridor Master Plan 3 A city... is the pulsating product of the human hand and mind, reflecting man’s history, his struggle for freedom, creativity and genius. - Charles Abrams VISION STATEMENT: “Celebrating the Genesee River and Erie Canal, create a vibrant, walkable mixed-use neighborhood as an international destination grounded in Rochester history connecting to greater city assets and neighborhoods and promoting flexible mass transit alternatives.” 4 Historic Erie Canal AQUedUct & Broad Street Corridor Master Plan 1.1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY CREATING A NEW CANAL DISTRICT Recognizing the unrealized potential of the area, the City of the historic experience with open space and streetscape initiatives Rochester undertook a planning process to develop a master plan which coordinate with the milestones of the trail. for the Historic Erie Canal Aqueduct and adjoining Broad Street Corridor. The resulting Master Plan for the Historic Erie Canal Following the pathway of the original canal, this linear water Aqueduct and Broad Street Corridor represents a strategic new amenity creates a signature urban place drawing visitors, residents, beginning for this underutilized quarter of downtown Rochester.
    [Show full text]
  • Good Practice Guidelines Annex to the Environment Agency Hydropower Handbook
    GOOD PRACTICE GUIDELINES ANNEX TO THE ENVIRONMENT AGENCY HYDROPOWER HANDBOOK THE ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF PROPOSED LOW HEAD HYDRO POWER DEVELOPMENTS Published August 2009 GOOD PRACTICE GUIDELINES ANNEX TO THE ENVIRONMENT AGENCY HYDROPOWER HANDBOOK ON THE ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF PROPOSED LOW HEAD HYDRO POWER DEVELOPMENTS CONTENTS 1) INTRODUCTION ……………………………………………………………………….. 3 2) ENVIRONMENTAL SITE AUDIT (ESA)…………………………….………..………… 5 a. Water Resources Checklist …………………………………………………… 6 b. Conservation checklist …………………………………………………… 8 c. Chemical & Physical Water Quality checklist ………………………………. 10 d. Biological Water Quality checklist …………………………………………….. 11 e. Fisheries checklist ………………………………………………………….. 12 f. Flood Risk management checklist …………………………………………….. 13 g. Navigation checklist ………………………………………………………….. 14 3) HYDROPOWER SITE LAYOUT …………………………………………………… 15 4) ECOLOGICAL REQUIREMENTS …………………………………………………… 16 5) HYDROPOWER SCENARIOS …………………………………………………… 20 6) PERMITTING ………………………………………………………………………... 23 7) ABSTRACTED FLOW REGIME & FLOW IN THE DEPLETED REACH ………….. 25 8) FLOW MONITORING ………………………………………………………………… 32 9) FISH PASSAGE ………………………………………………………………… 34 10) FISH SCREEN REQUIREMENTS & DESIGN …………………………………….. 36 Low Head Hydropower August 2009 August 2009 2 1) INTRODUCTION The number of hydropower schemes submitted to the Environment Agency has increased significantly over the last few years from less than 20 per year to more than 100 per year. This annex to the Environment Agency Hydropower Manual is based on work undertaken
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 4.0 Watercourse Development Permit Procedures
    CHAPTER 4.0 WATERCOURSE DEVELOPMENT PERMIT PROCEDURES This chapter describes the overall watercourse management goals and outlines the categories of IN THIS SECTION watercourses that will be subject to the Watercourse Development Permit. A summary 4.1 Management Plan Goals table of the watercourse categories and 4.2 Watercourse Categories recommended setbacks is provided for each watercourse. The section also outlines the process 4.3 Recommended Setbacks for obtaining watercourse permits and variances, 4.4 Permit Procedures the type of developments and activities that are subject to permits, and the uses permitted within 4.5 Development Standards the designated setback areas. Development 4.6 Variances standards to protect and/or enhance habitat conditions and water quality are presented. 4.1 MANAGEMENT PLAN GOALS The purpose of this Management Plan is to identify appropriate riparian corridors and development setbacks for each watercourse within the City and provide development guidelines and standards for the management of lands adjacent to watercourses that will protect and enhance watercourse functions and habitat values. Locating development away from sensitive watercourse areas and requiring implementation of measures to protect, improve and/or enhance riparian areas and water quality will enable both urban and natural areas to co-exist. Long-term goals to manage these resources include: • Reduce and/or eliminate pollutants discharged to aquatic bodies, • Improve water quality, • Improve and restore natural habitat, • Increase biodiversity,
    [Show full text]
  • Analytical Tools for Toponymy: Their Application to Scottish Hydronymy
    Analytical Tools for Toponymy: Their Application to Scottish Hydronymy Jacob King MSc. A Thesis Submitted for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Edinburgh 2008 i I declare that this thesis is entirely my own work. Jacob King Abstract It has long been observed that there is a correlation between the physical qualities of a watercourse and the linguistic qualities of its name; for instance, of two river-names, one having the linguistic quality of river as its generic element, and one having burn, one would expect the river to be the longer of the two. Until now, a phenomenon such as this had never been formally quantified.The primary focus of this thesis is to create, within a Scottish context, a methodology for elucidating the relationship between various qualities of hydronyms and the qualities of the watercourses they represent. The area of study includes every catchment area which falls into the sea from the River Forth, round the east coast of Scotland, up to and including the Spey; also included is the east side of the River Leven / Loch Lomond catchment area.The linguistic strata investigated are: Early Celtic, P-Celtic, Gaelic and Scots. In the first half of the introduction scholarly approaches to toponymy are discussed, in a Scottish and hydronymic context, from the inception of toponymy as a discipline up to the present day; the capabilities and limitations of these approaches are taken into consideration.In the second half the approaches taken in this thesis are outlined.The second chapter explains and justifies in more detail the methodology and calculus used in this thesis.The subsequent chapters examine the following linguistic components of a hydronym: generic elements, linguistic strata, semantics and phonological overlay.
    [Show full text]
  • Pipeline Associated Watercourse Crossings 3Rd Edition
    Pipeline Associated Watercourse Crossings 3rd Edition October 2005 The Canadian Association of Petroleum Producers (CAPP) is the voice of the upstream oil and natural gas industry in Canada. CAPP represents 150 member companies who explore for, develop and produce more than 98 per cent of Canada's natural gas, crude oil, oil sands and elemental sulphur. Our members are part of a $75-billion-a year industry that affects the lives of every Canadian. Petroleum and the products made from it play a vital role in our daily lives. In addition to providing heating and transportation fuels, oil and natural gas are the main building blocks for an endless list of products - from clothing and carpets, to medicines, glues and paints. Working closely with our members, governments, communities and stakeholders, CAPP analyzes key oil and gas issues and represents member interests nationally in 12 of Canada's 13 provinces and territories. We also strive to achieve consensus on industry codes of practice and operating guidelines that meet or exceed government standards. The Canadian Energy Pipeline Association (CEPA) represents Canada's transmission pipeline companies. Our members are world leaders in providing safe, reliable long-distance transportation for over 95% of the oil and natural gas that is produced in Canada. CEPA is dedicated to ensuring a strong and viable transmission pipeline industry in Canada in a manner that emphasizes public safety and pipeline integrity, social and environmental stewardship, and cost competitiveness. The Canadian Gas Association (CGA) is the voice of Canada’s natural gas delivery industry. CGA represents local distribution companies from coast to coast as well as long distance pipeline companies and related manufacturers and other service providers.
    [Show full text]
  • A Context for Common Historic Bridge Types
    A Context For Common Historic Bridge Types NCHRP Project 25-25, Task 15 Prepared for The National Cooperative Highway Research Program Transportation Research Council National Research Council Prepared By Parsons Brinckerhoff and Engineering and Industrial Heritage October 2005 NCHRP Project 25-25, Task 15 A Context For Common Historic Bridge Types TRANSPORATION RESEARCH BOARD NAS-NRC PRIVILEGED DOCUMENT This report, not released for publication, is furnished for review to members or participants in the work of the National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP). It is to be regarded as fully privileged, and dissemination of the information included herein must be approved by the NCHRP. Prepared for The National Cooperative Highway Research Program Transportation Research Council National Research Council Prepared By Parsons Brinckerhoff and Engineering and Industrial Heritage October 2005 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT OF SPONSORSHIP This work was sponsored by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials in cooperation with the Federal Highway Administration, and was conducted in the National Cooperative Highway Research Program, which is administered by the Transportation Research Board of the National Research Council. DISCLAIMER The opinions and conclusions expressed or implied in the report are those of the research team. They are not necessarily those of the Transportation Research Board, the National Research Council, the Federal Highway Administration, the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, or the individual states participating in the National Cooperative Highway Research Program. i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The research reported herein was performed under NCHRP Project 25-25, Task 15, by Parsons Brinckerhoff and Engineering and Industrial Heritage. Margaret Slater, AICP, of Parsons Brinckerhoff (PB) was principal investigator for this project and led the preparation of the report.
    [Show full text]
  • WATER RIGHTS OUTLINE and CHECKLIST for the REAL ESTATE PRACTITIONER (Figuring out Whether You Got ’Em, How to Get ’Em, and How to Transfer ’Em
    WATER RIGHTS OUTLINE AND CHECKLIST FOR THE REAL ESTATE PRACTITIONER (Figuring out whether you got ’em, how to get ’em, and how to transfer ’em. Remember – this is TEXAS!) Ruben R. Barrera Bracewell & Patterson, L.L.P. 106 South St. Mary’s, Suite 800 San Antonio, Texas 78205 THE CHANGING FACE OF WATER RIGHTS IN TEXAS FEBRUARY 1-2, 2001 SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS CHAPTER 9 Acknowledgment I would like to acknowledge Mary Q. Kelly for her contribution to portions of the outline. I would also like to acknowledge Mary Ann Hisel for her assistance in the preparation of the outline. Ruben R. Barrera Copyright © 2001 by Ruben R. Barrera All rights reserved, including the right of reproduction in whole or in part in any form. Water Rights Outline and Checklist Chapter 9 Table of Contents WATER RIGHTS OUTLINE ............................................1 I. SCOPE OF OUTLINE ................................................1 II. OWNERSHIP OF WATER ............................................1 A. Ownership of Water Affected by Source ...............................1 B. Underground Water ..............................................1 1. Definition of Underground Water ..............................1 a. Types of Underground Water ...........................1 (1) Percolating Water ..............................1 (2) Underground Stream Water .......................1 (3) Artesian Water .................................1 (4) Underflow of Surface Watercourse .................1 b. Underground Water Presumed to be Percolating Water ........1 c. Underground Water Considered
    [Show full text]
  • Kirk French's Report on Palenque's Water Management Systems
    1 The Waters of Lakam Ha A Survey of Palenque’s Water Management By Kirk D. French The presence of fresh water is inviting for any civilization, but for the Maya, it was symbolic as well. The Popol Vuh refers to a place in which the waters are flowing out of the mountains. “The channels of water were separated; their branches wound their ways among the mountains” (Tedlock 1985:74). Palenque’s natural topography creates a series of watery mountains with 56 recorded springs within the site boundary. A place such as this must have been emblematic to the ancient Maya. During the survey conducted by the Palenque Mapping Project (PMP), the presence of many water management features became evident. These included aqueducts, bridges, dams, drains, walled channels, and pools. The Palenqueños built such features in order to manage the numerous perennial springs located throughout the site. With the direction of Edwin Barnhart, I identified and recorded Palenque’s water management to the best of my ability. The Water Systems The watercourses in Palenque generally run in a northerly direction. Beginning in the mountains, the spring fed streams flow toward the plains of Tabasco. The 56 known springs supply 9 separate watercourses that move through the site’s interior. The arroyos 2 are home to Palenque’s many different water management features. A list of definitions used in the identification of each feature is as followed: Aqueduct – a covered channel for conveying water either under or above ground. Drain – a small covered channel for removing water. Bridge – a structure spanning a watercourse or arroyo to afford passage.
    [Show full text]
  • Application of Geoecological Concept of the Alluvial Landscape in the Creation of Nature Reserve (Case Study from Czech Republic)
    ACTA UNIVERSITATIS AGRICULTURAE ET SILVICULTURAE MENDELIANAE BRUNENSIS Volume LIX 16 Number 3, 2011 APPLICATION OF GEOECOLOGICAL CONCEPT OF THE ALLUVIAL LANDSCAPE IN THE CREATION OF NATURE RESERVE (CASE STUDY FROM CZECH REPUBLIC) I. Machar, V. Pechanec Received: October 6, 2010 Abstract MACHAR, I., PECHANEC, V.: Application of geoecological concept of the alluvial landscape in the creation of nature reserve (case study from Czech Republic). Acta univ. agric. et silvic. Mendel. Brun., 2011, LIX, No. 3, pp. 123–134 The geoecological concept of the alluvial landscape describes the variability and consecutive character of alluvial ecotopes and biocenoses, which are interrelated in terms of their homeorhetic development, in their dynamic ecological stability. This article deals with application of this landscape concept in the frame of creation of nature reserve as core zone of the Litovelské Pomoraví Protected Landscape Area (Czech Republic). Complex protection of the whole fl oodplain ecosystem, which comprised all components of the fl uvial succession series of alluvial habitats, was proposed on the basis of determination of geomorphological type of the river system. Analyses of the fl oodplain forest stands status within the study area were performed using methods that are normally used in the elaboration of management plans of protected areas within forest land on the basis of data from Forest Management Plan. The area of the proposed NNR was created by the overlay of the special map layers using method gap-analysis in the frame of GIS. dynamic fl uvial succession series, fl oodplain forest, GIS analysis, Litovelské Pomoraví The following theories can be included among the their homeorhetic development, in their dynamic main landscape-ecological concepts of the Central ecological stability.
    [Show full text]