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Biologische Bestrijding Van Wol- En Schildluis in De Sierteelt Onder Glas

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Biologische Bestrijding Van Wol- En Schildluis in De Sierteelt Onder Glas Biologische bestrijding van wol- en schildluis in de sierteelt onder glas Marjolein Kruidhof, Ada Leman, Laura Catalá-Senent, Roland Vijverberg en Gerben Messelink Rapport WPR-785 Referaat Dit project had als doel om de biologische bestrijding van wol-en schild luis in roos en snijcymbidium te verbeteren met nieuwe inzetstrategieën van bestaande bestrijders en door evaluatie van complementaire nieuwe bestrijders. De zoek-efficiëntie van twee soorten sluipwespen van citruswolluis kon worden verbeterd door de sluipwespen voor het uitzetten in de kas te trainen op de geur van wolluis-geïnfesteerde rozenplanten. De roofkever Rhyzobius lophanthae kwam als beste bestrijder van Diaspis boisduvalii schildluis naar voren in een vergelijkende kooiproef met Cymbidium. Kasproeven wezen uit dat deze roofkevertjes weliswaar snel en gemakkelijk nieuwe schildluishaarden konden lokaliseren, maar dat het aantal volwassen R. lophanthae dat in de schildluishaard bleef relatief laag was. Verder werden kleine haarden over het algemeen minder goed opgeruimd dan grotere haarden. Bijvoeren met Ephestia eitjes kon de schildluisbestrijding in kleine schildluishaarden enigszins verbeteren. In labproeven kon de levensduur van volwassen R. lophanthae in de afwezigheid van schildluis met verschillende soorten alternatief voedsel worden verlengd. Hoewel R. lophanthae een belangrijke bijdrage leverde aan de schildluisbestrijding, konden zich ondanks het regelmatige uitzetten toch steeds nieuwe schildluishaarden vormen. Additionele bestrijders zijn nodig om beginnende schildluishaarden aan te pakken en de werking van R. lophanthae te versterken. Oorwormen en roofmijten bleken hiervoor niet geschikt. Abstract The objective of this project was to improve the control of mealybugs and scale-insects in rose and cut cymbidium with new release strategies of existing natural enemies and through the evaluation of complementary new natural enemies. The searching efficacy of two parasitoid species of citrus-mealybugs could be improved by training them with the odour of mealybug-infested rose plants. In a comparative cage experiment with Cymbidium plants, the predatory beetle Rhyzobius lophanthae gave the best control of Diaspis boisduvalii scales. Additional greenhouse experiments showed that these beetles could easily find new scale-infestations, but that the number of adult R. lophanthae remaining in the infected areas was relatively low. Moreover, small scale- infestations were less well controlled than larger scale-infestations. Adding Ephestia eggs as additional food could somewhat improve the control of small scale-infestations. Additional laboratory experiments showed that several alternative food sources were suitable to enhance the survival of R. lophanthae in the absence of scales. Even thus R. lophanthae could give an important contribution to scale control, new infestations could establish in spite of its repeated release. Additional control agents are needed to control beginning scale infestations and complement the effect of R. lophanthae. Earwigs and predatory mites were not suitable in this regard. Rapportgegevens Rapport WPR-785 Thema: Gewasbescherming Projectnummer: 3742201500 DOI nummer: 10.18174/454090 PT nummer: 14977 en 15141 PPS: KV 1406-089 Dit project / onderzoek is mede tot stand gekomen door de bijdrage van Stichting TKI Tuinbouw, Ministerie van Economische Zaken, Coöperatie Roos, Coöperatie Snij Cymbidium, Koppert Biological Systems, Productschap Tuinbouw en LTO Glaskracht Nederland. Disclaimer © 2018 Wageningen, Stichting Wageningen Research, Wageningen Plant Research, Business unit Glastuinbouw, Postbus 20, 2665 MV Bleiswijk T 0317 48 56 06, www.wur.nl/plant-research. Kamer van Koophandel nr.: 09098104 BTW nr.: NL 8113.83.696.B07 Stichting Wageningen Research. Alle rechten voorbehouden. Niets uit deze uitgave mag worden verveelvoudigd, opgeslagen in een geautomatiseerd gegevensbestand, of openbaar gemaakt, in enige vorm of op enige wijze, hetzij elektronisch, mechanisch, door fotokopieën, opnamen of enige andere manier zonder voorafgaande schriftelijke toestemming van Stichting Wageningen Research. Stichting Wageningen Research aanvaardt geen aansprakelijkheid voor eventuele schade voortvloeiend uit het gebruik van de resultaten van dit onderzoek of de toepassing van de adviezen. Adresgegevens Wageningen University & Research, BU Glastuinbouw Inhoud Samenvatting 5 1 Introductie 7 2 Nieuwe strategieën voor inzet van bestaande biologische bestrijders tegen wolluis 9 2.1 Inleiding 9 2.2 Materiaal en methoden 10 2.2.1 Testen van zoek- en leergedrag van sluipwespen van citrus-wolluis in een y-buis olfactometer 10 2.2.2 Kooiproeven leergedrag sluipwespen van citruswolluis 11 2.3 Resultaten 12 2.3.1 Proeven leergedrag sluipwespen van citruswolluis in y-buis opstelling 12 2.3.2 Kooiproeven leergedrag sluipwespen van citruswolluis 15 2.4 Conclusies en aanbevelingen 16 3 Nieuwe strategieën voor inzet van bestaande biologische bestrijders tegen schildluis 17 3.1 Inleiding 17 3.2 Materiaal en methoden 20 3.2.1 Vergelijkende kooiproef biologische bestrijders van Diaspis boisduvalii schildluis in cymbidium 20 3.2.2 Verkennende kasproeven gedrag Rhyzobius lophanthae roofkevers als bestrijders van Diaspis boisduvalii schildluis in cymbidium 21 3.2.3 Grote kasproef gedrag Rhyzobius lophanthae roofkevers als bestrijders van Diaspis boisduvalii schildluis in cymbidium 23 3.2.4 Vervolgproef uitbreiding schildluishaarden buurplanten 26 3.2.5 Labproeven naar het effect additioneel voedsel op overleving en eileg van R. lophanthae 27 3.3 Resultaten 29 3.3.1 Evaluatie 5 soorten biologische bestrijders van Diaspis boisduvalii schildluis in cymbidium 29 3.3.2 Vekennende kasproeven gedrag Rhyzobius lophanthae roofkevers als bestrijders van D. boisduvalii schildluis in cymbidium 31 3.3.3 Grote kasproef gedrag Rhyzobius lophanthae roofkevers als bestrijders van D. boisduvalii schildluis in cymbidium 33 3.3.4 Vervolgproef uitbreiding schildluishaarden buurplanten 35 3.3.5 Labproeven naar het effect additioneel voedsel op overleving en eileg van R. lophanthae 37 3.4 Conclusies en aanbevelingen 38 4 Nieuwe natuurlijke vijanden 41 4.1 Inleiding 41 4.2 Materiaal en methoden 41 4.2.1 Kooiproeven met oorwormen tegen rozenschildluis Aulacaspis rosae 41 4.2.2 Kasproef met oorwormen tegen A. rosae schildluis en citruswolluis in roos 42 4.3 Resultaten 44 4.3.1 Kooiproeven met oorwormen tegen rozenschildluis Aulacaspis rosae 44 4.3.2 Kasproef met oorwormen tegen A. rosae schildluis en citruswolluis in roos 46 4.4 Conclusies 48 WPR-785 | 3 5 Geïntegreerd systeem 49 5.1 Inleiding 49 5.2 Materiaal en methoden 50 5.2.1 Gedragsproef interactie tussen sluipwespen en roofkevers van wolluis 50 5.2.2 Labproeven bestrijding van wol- en schildluiscrawlers door roofmijten 51 5.3 Resultaten 52 5.3.1 Gedragsproef interactie tussen sluipwespen en roofkevers van wolluis 52 5.3.2 Labproeven bestrijding van wol- en schildluiscrawlers door roofmijten 53 5.4 Conclusies 54 Literatuur 55 4 | WPR-785 Samenvatting Wol-, en schildluis zijn een toenemend probleem in de sierteelt onder glas. Bedrijven die eenmaal besmet zijn komen maar zelden van deze plagen af. Dit project had als doel om de biologische bestrijding van wol- en schildluis te verbeteren met nieuwe inzetstrategieën van bestaande bestrijders en door opsporing van complementaire nieuwe bestrijders. Het onderzoek heeft zich specifiek gericht op het verbeteren van de bestrijding van de citruswolluis (Planococcus citri) en rozenschildluis (Aulacaspis rosae) in roos, de orchideeën- of Boisduval schildluis (Diaspis boisduvalii) in snijcymbidium. Het is belangrijk om wolluishaarden al in een vroeg stadium te bestrijden, maar omdat wolluizen zich vaak verstoppen in de houtige delen onderin het gewas zijn ze moeilijk te monitoren. Curatieve maatregelen, zoals het uitzetten van larven van Cryptolaemus montrouzieri, zijn dan ook voornamelijk een strategie om grotere, reeds zichtbare haarden te reduceren. Sluipwespen zijn, in tegenstelling tot C. montrouzieri roofkevers, in principe goede zoekers die zich ook in kleinere haarden kunnen voortplanten. Echter zijn de commercieel beschikbare sluipwespen tegen wolluis relatief duur en niet voldoende effectief. In dit onderzoek is met lab- en kasproeven aangetoond dat de zoek-efficiëntie van de sluipwespenAnagyrus pseudococci en Leptomastix dactylopii kon worden verbeterd door de sluipwespen voor het uitzetten in de kas te trainen op de geur van wolluis-geïnfesteerde rozenplanten. Voor Leptomastidae abnormis had training geen effect op de zoek- efficiëntie. Tevens is in kooiproeven aangetoond dat geen van deze 3 sluipwespsoorten de eigenschap hebben om wolluishaarden met geursporen van Cryptolaemus larven uit de weg gaan, om zo te voorkomen dat hun nageslacht door deze rovers wordt opgegeten. In kooiproeven met cymbidiumplanten zijn 5 verschillende haardbestrijders van D. boisduvalii met elkaar vergeleken. Hieruit kwam de roofkever Rhyzobius lophanthae als beste bestrijder naar voren. Ook de Europese oorworm leek perspectieven te bieden voor het bestrijden van schildluizen in het hart van Cymbidiumplanten. Vervolgens is onderzoek gedaan naar het gedrag en gebruik van additionele voedselbronnen om de inzet van de roofkever Rhyzobius lophanthae verder te verbeteren, en om te bekijken in hoeverre additionele maatregelen nodig zijn om R. lophanthae schildluis in bedwang te houden. De verschillende kasproeven met R. lophanthae lieten ook zien dat dit roofkevertje een zeer belangrijke bijdrage levert aan het beheersen
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