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History of the Christian Church* a Grace Notes course History of the Christian Church VOLUME 8 Modern Christianity, The Swiss Reformation By Philip Schaff CH819 Chapter 19: Theodore Beza History of the Christian Church Volume 8 Modern Christianity, The Swiss Reformation CH819 Table of Contents Chapter 19: Theodore Beza..........................................................................................................2 8.167. Life of Beza to his Conversion .................................................................................................. 3 8.168. Beza at Lausanne and as a Delegate to the German Princes .................................................. 5 8.169. Beza at Geneva ........................................................................................................................ 6 8.170. Beza at the Colloquy of Poissy ................................................................................................. 7 8.171. Beza as the Counsellor of the Huguenot Leaders.................................................................... 8 8.172. Beza as the Successor of Calvin, down to 1586 ....................................................................... 9 8.173. Beza’s Conferences with Lutherans ....................................................................................... 11 8.174. Beza and Henry IV .................................................................................................................. 11 8.175. Beza’s Last Days ..................................................................................................................... 12 8.176. Beza’s Writings ...................................................................................................................... 13 Theil, 1861, with Anhang die Beilagen Chapter 19: Theodore Beza enthaltend, 1862 (unfortunately this masterly Sources: BEZA’S Correspondence, mostly book only extends to 1663).—*HEINRICH HEPPE: unprinted, but many letters are given in the Theodor Beza. Leben und ausgewaehlte Beilagen zu BAUM’S Theodor Beza (see below), Schriften, Elberfeld, 1861 (contains the whole and in HERMINJARD’s Correspondance des life, but is inferior in style to Baum).—Art. Beza réformateurs dans les pays de langue française by BORDIER in La France Protestante. (vols. VI. sqq.); and his published works (the JEROME BOLSEC: Histoire de la vie, maeurs, list to the number of ninety is given in the doctrine, et déportements de Theodore de Bèze, article “Bèze, Théodore de,” in HAAG, La France Paris, 1682; republished by an unnamed Protestante, 2d ed. by Bordier, vol. II., cols. Roman Catholic in Geneva, 1836, along with 620–540). By far the most important of them Bolsec’s “Life of Calvin,” to counteract the are, his Vita J. Calvini, best ed. in Calvin’s Opera, effect of the celebration of the third centennial XXI., and his Tractationes theologicae (1582). of the Reformation. It has no historical value, He also had much to do with the Histoire but is a malignant libel, like his so-called “Life ecclesiastique des églises reformées au royaume of Calvin,” as this specimen shows: “Bèze, toute de France, best ed. by Baum, Cunitz, and so jeunesse, a été un trèsdébauché et dissolu, Rodolphe Reuss (the son of Edward Reuss, the sodomite, adultère et suborneur de femmes editor of Calvin), Paris, 1883–1889. 3 vols. mariées [Bolsec elsewhere asserts that small quarto. Claudine Denosse was married when Beza ANTOINE DE LA FAYE: De vita et obitu Th. Bezae, seduced her], larron, trompeur, homicide de so Geneva, 1606.—FRIEDRICH CHRISTOPH SCHLOSSER: propre géniture, traître, vanteur, cause et Leben des Theodor de Beza und des Peter instigateur d’infinis meurtres, guerres, Martyr Vermili, Heidelberg, 1809.—*JOHANN invasions, brûlemens de villes, palais et maisons, WILHELM BAUM: Theodor Beza nach de saccagemens de temples, et infinies autres handschriftlichen Quellen dargestellt, Leipzig, I. ruines et malheurs (ed. 1835, p. 188). Theil, 1848, with Beilagen to bks. I. and II. II. History of the Christian Church, Philip Schaff 3 CH819 Volume 8, Chapter 19 a Grace Notes course Much use has been made of the allusions to followed. His mother died when he was not Beza in HENRY M. BAIRD’S Rise of the Huguenots quite three years old,—but already was he a (New York, 1879), and Huguenots and Henry of stranger to his father’s house; for one of his Navarre (1886), also of the article on “Bèze, uncles, Nicolas de Besze, seigneur de Cette et Theodore de,” in Haag, La France Protestante, de Chalonne, and a councilor in the mentioned above. See also Principal Parliament of Paris, had taken him with him CUNNINGHAM: The Reformers, Edinburgh, 1862; “Calvin and Beza,” pp. 345–413 (theological to Paris and adopted him, so great was the and controversial). love he bore him, and when the time came he was put under the best masters whom money 8.167. Life of Beza to his Conversion and influence could secure. The boy was The history of the Swiss Reformation would precocious, and his uncle delighted in his not be complete without an account of progress. One day at table he entertained a Calvin’s faithful friend and successor, guest from Orleans, who was a member of the Theodore Beza, who carried on his work in royal council. The conversation turned upon Geneva and France to the beginning of the the future of Theodore, whereupon the friend seventeenth century. commended Melchior Wolmar, the famous In the ancient duchy of Burgundy is the Greek scholar at Orleans, who was also the village of Vezelay. It was once the scene of a teacher of Calvin, as the best person to great gathering, for to it in 1146 came Louis educate the lad. The uncle listened VII. and his vassals, to whom Bernard attentively, and sent Theodore thither and preached the duty of rescuing the Holy secured him admission into Wolmar’s family. Sepulcher from the infidels so convincingly, This was in 1528, when Theodore was only that the king and his knights then and there nine years old. With Wolmar he lived till took the oath to become crusaders. Four and 1535, first at Orleans and then at Bourges, forty years later (1190), in the same place, and doubtless learned much from him. Part of Philip Augustus of France and Richard the this learning was not at all to the mind of his Lionheart of England, under similar father or his uncle Claudius, the Abbot of the pleadings, made the same vow. Cistercian monastery of Froimont in the diocese of Beauvais, who, on the death of his The village clusters around the castle in brother Nicolas, on Nov. 29, 1532, had which, in 1519, lived the rich Pierre de Besze, undertaken the pious duty of superintending the bailiff of the county, a descendant of one the boy’s education; for Wolmar, in common of the proudest families of the duchy. His wife with many sober-minded scholars of that day, was Marie Bourdelot, beloved and renowned had broken with the Roman Church and taken for her intelligence and her charities. They up the new ideas inculcated by Luther, and had already two sons and four daughters, which were beginning to make a stir in when on the 24th of June in that year, 1519, France. Indeed, it was his known adherence another son was born who was destined to to these views which compelled his flight to render the name illustrious to the end of time. Germany in the year 1535. Thus the future This son was christened Theodore. Thus the reformer, in his tenderest and most future reformer was of gentle birth a fact susceptible years, had impressed upon him which was recognized when in after years he the doctrine of justification by faith in the pleaded for the Protestant faith before kings, righteousness of Christ, heard much of the and princes, and members of the nobility and corrupt state of the dominant Church, and of the fashionable world. was witness to the efforts of that Church to But the providential preparation for the part put to death those who differed from her he was destined to play extended far beyond teaching. the conditions of his birth. Gentle breeding History of the Christian Church, Philip Schaff 4 CH819 Volume 8, Chapter 19 a Grace Notes course Nothing was further from the mind of the compromised him with the company in which father and uncle, and also from that of he lived. The fact that they lived together Theodore himself, than that he should be an happily for forty years shows that they advocate of the new views. The career followed the leading of sincere affection, and marked out for him was that of law, in which not a passing fancy. In 1548 he published his his uncle Nicolas had been so distinguished. famous collection of poems—Juvenilia. This To this end he was sent to the University of gave him the rank of the first Latin poet of his Orleans. Although very young, he attracted day, and his ears were full of praises. He attention. He joined the German nation—for dedicated his book to Wolmar. It did not the students in universities then were divided occur to him that anybody would ever into factions, according to their ancestry, and censure him for his poems, least of all on Burgundy was accounted part of Germany— moral grounds; but this is precisely what and rapidly became a favorite. But he did not happened. Prurient minds have read between give himself up to mere good-fellowship. He his lines what he never intended to put there, studied hard, and on Aug. 11, 1539, attained and imagined offences of which he was not with honor the degree of licentiate of the law. guilty even in thought. And what made the His education being thus advanced, Beza, now case blacker against him was his subsequent twenty years old, came to Paris, there, as his Protestantism. Because he became a leader of father desired, to prosecute further law the Reformed Church, free-thinkers and livers studies; but his reluctance to such a course and the adherents of the old faith have was pronounced and invincible, so much so brought up against him the fact that in the that at length he won his uncle to his side, and days of his worldly and luxurious life he had was allowed by his father to pursue those used their language, and been as pagan and literary studies which afterwards accrued so impure as they.
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