Current Concepts in Dermatology
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Melanocytes and Their Diseases
Downloaded from http://perspectivesinmedicine.cshlp.org/ on October 2, 2021 - Published by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press Melanocytes and Their Diseases Yuji Yamaguchi1 and Vincent J. Hearing2 1Medical, AbbVie GK, Mita, Tokyo 108-6302, Japan 2Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892 Correspondence: [email protected] Human melanocytes are distributed not only in the epidermis and in hair follicles but also in mucosa, cochlea (ear), iris (eye), and mesencephalon (brain) among other tissues. Melano- cytes, which are derived from the neural crest, are unique in that they produce eu-/pheo- melanin pigments in unique membrane-bound organelles termed melanosomes, which can be divided into four stages depending on their degree of maturation. Pigmentation production is determined by three distinct elements: enzymes involved in melanin synthesis, proteins required for melanosome structure, and proteins required for their trafficking and distribution. Many genes are involved in regulating pigmentation at various levels, and mutations in many of them cause pigmentary disorders, which can be classified into three types: hyperpigmen- tation (including melasma), hypopigmentation (including oculocutaneous albinism [OCA]), and mixed hyper-/hypopigmentation (including dyschromatosis symmetrica hereditaria). We briefly review vitiligo as a representative of an acquired hypopigmentation disorder. igments that determine human skin colors somes can be divided into four stages depend- Pinclude melanin, hemoglobin (red), hemo- ing on their degree of maturation. Early mela- siderin (brown), carotene (yellow), and bilin nosomes, especially stage I melanosomes, are (yellow). Among those, melanins play key roles similar to lysosomes whereas late melanosomes in determining human skin (and hair) pigmen- contain a structured matrix and highly dense tation. -
Neonatal Dermatology Review
NEONATAL Advanced Desert DERMATOLOGY Dermatology Jennifer Peterson Kevin Svancara Jonathan Bellew DISCLOSURES No relevant financial relationships to disclose Off-label use of acitretin in ichthyoses will be discussed PHYSIOLOGIC Vernix caseosa . Creamy biofilm . Present at birth . Opsonizing, antibacterial, antifungal, antiparasitic activity Cutis marmorata . Reticular, blanchable vascular mottling on extremities > trunk/face . Response to cold . Disappears on re-warming . Associations (if persistent) . Down syndrome . Trisomy 18 . Cornelia de Lange syndrome PHYSIOLOGIC Milia . Hard palate – Bohn’s nodules . Oral mucosa – Epstein pearls . Associations . Bazex-Dupre-Christol syndrome (XLD) . BCCs, follicular atrophoderma, hypohidrosis, hypotrichosis . Rombo syndrome . BCCs, vermiculate atrophoderma, trichoepitheliomas . Oro-facial-digital syndrome (type 1, XLD) . Basal cell nevus (Gorlin) syndrome . Brooke-Spiegler syndrome . Pachyonychia congenita type II (Jackson-Lawler) . Atrichia with papular lesions . Down syndrome . Secondary . Porphyria cutanea tarda . Epidermolysis bullosa TRANSIENT, NON-INFECTIOUS Transient neonatal pustular melanosis . Birth . Pustules hyperpigmented macules with collarette of scale . Resolve within 4 weeks . Neutrophils Erythema toxicum neonatorum . Full term . 24-48 hours . Erythematous macules, papules, pustules, wheals . Eosinophils Neonatal acne (neonatal cephalic pustulosis) . First 30 days . Malassezia globosa & sympoidalis overgrowth TRANSIENT, NON-INFECTIOUS Miliaria . First weeks . Eccrine -
Immunohistochemical Analysis of S100-Positive Epidermal
An Bras Dermatol. 2020;95(5):627---630 Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia www.anaisdedermatologia.org.br DERMATOPATHOLOGY Immunohistochemical analysis of S100-positive ଝ,ଝଝ epidermal Langerhans cells in dermatofibroma Mahmoud Rezk Abdelwhaed Hussein Department of Pathology, Assuit University Hospital, Assuit, Egypt Received 3 February 2020; accepted 12 April 2020 Available online 12 July 2020 Abstract Dermatofibroma is a dermal fibrohistiocytic neoplasm. The Langerhans cells are the KEYWORDS immunocompetent cells of the epidermis, and they represent the first defense barrier of the Histiocytoma, benign immune system towards the environment. The objective was to immunohistologically compare fibrous; the densities of S100-positive Langerhans cells in the healthy peritumoral epidermis against Skin neoplasms; those in the epidermis overlying dermatofibroma (20 cases), using antibodies against the S100 S100 Proteins molecule (the immunophenotypic hallmark of Langerhans cells). The control group (normal, healthy skin) included ten healthy age and sex-matched individuals who underwent skin biopsies for benign skin lesions. A significantly high density of Langerhans cells was observed both in the epidermis of the healthy skin (6.00 ± 0.29) and the peritumoral epidermis (6.44 ± 0.41) vs. those in the epidermis overlying the tumor (1.44 ± 0.33, p < 0.05). The quantitative deficit of Langerhans cells in the epidermis overlying dermatofibroma may be a possible factor in its development. © 2020 Sociedade Brasileira de Dermatologia. Published by Elsevier Espana,˜ S.L.U. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Langerhans cells (LCs) are the exclusive antigen-presenting tions stained with hematoxylin and eosin as ‘‘clear cells’’ cells of the normal human epidermis. -
Storiform Collagenoma: Case Report Colagenoma Estoriforme: Relato De Caso
CASE REPORT Storiform collagenoma: case report Colagenoma estoriforme: relato de caso Guilherme Flosi Stocchero1 ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION Storiform collagenoma is a rare tumor, which originates from the Storiform collagenoma or sclerotic fibroma is a rare proliferation of fibroblasts that show increased production of type-I benign skin tumor that usually affects young adults collagen. It is usually found in the face, neck and extremities, but and middle-age individuals of both sexes. This tumor is it can also appear in the trunk, scalp and, less frequently, in the slightly predominant in women. Storiform collagenoma oral mucosa and the nail bed. It affects both sexes, with a slight female predominance. It may be solitary or multiple, the latter being appears as a small papule or solid fibrous nodule. an important marker for Cowden syndrome. It presents as a painless, It is well-circumscribed, pink, whitish or skin color, solid nodular tumor that is slow-growing. It must be considered in the painless and of slow-growing. This tumor is often differential diagnosis of other well-circumscribed skin lesions, such as found in face and limbs, but it can also appears in dermatofibroma, pleomorphic fibroma, sclerotic lipoma, fibrolipoma, the chest, scalp and, rarely, in oral mucosa and nail giant cell collagenoma, benign fibrous histiocytoma, intradermal Spitz bed. Storiform collagenoma often appears as single nevus and giant cell angiohistiocytoma. tumor, and the occurrence of multiple tumors is an important indication of Cowden syndrome, which is Keywords: Collagen; Hamartoma; Skin neoplasms; Fibroma; Skin; Case a heritage genodermatosis of autosomal dominant reports condition.(1-4) Storiform collagenoma has as differential diagnosis other well-circumscribed skin tumors such RESUMO as dermatofibroma, pleomorphic fibroma, sclerotic O colagenoma estoriforme é um tumor raro originado a partir da lipoma, fibrolipoma, giant cell collagenoma, benign proliferação de fibroblastos com produção aumentada de colágeno tipo I. -
Skin Microbiota: a Source of Disease Or Defence? A.L
FROM BENCH TO BEDSIDE DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2008.08437.x Skin microbiota: a source of disease or defence? A.L. Cogen,* V. Nizetà§ and R.L. Gallo à Departments of *Bioengineering, Medicine, Division of Dermatology and àPediatrics, School of Medicine, and §Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, CA, U.S.A. Summary Correspondence Microbes found on the skin are usually regarded as pathogens, potential patho- Richard L. Gallo. gens or innocuous symbiotic organisms. Advances in microbiology and immu- E-mail: [email protected] nology are revising our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of microbial virulence and the specific events involved in the host–microbe interaction. Cur- Accepted for publication 30 September 2007 rent data contradict some historical classifications of cutaneous microbiota and suggest that these organisms may protect the host, defining them not as simple Key words symbiotic microbes but rather as mutualistic. This review will summarize current bacteria, immunity, infectious disease information on bacterial skin flora including Staphylococcus, Corynebacterium, Propioni- bacterium, Streptococcus and Pseudomonas. Specifically, the review will discuss our cur- Conflicts of interest rent understanding of the cutaneous microbiota as well as shifting paradigms in None declared. the interpretation of the roles microbes play in skin health and disease. Most scholarly reviews of skin microbiota concentrate on ence inflammatory bowel disease,2 and how lactobacilli in the understanding the population structure of the flora inhabiting intestine educate prenatal immune responses. These findings the skin, or how a subset of these microbes can become complement several studies that suggest disruption in micro- human pathogens. -
White Lesions of the Oral Cavity and Derive a Differential Diagnosis Four for Various White Lesions
2014 self-study course four course The Ohio State University College of Dentistry is a recognized provider for ADA, CERP, and AGD Fellowship, Mastership and Maintenance credit. ADA CERP is a service of the American Dental Association to assist dental professionals in identifying quality providers of continuing dental education. ADA CERP does not approve or endorse individual courses or instructors, nor does it imply acceptance of credit hours by boards of dentistry. Concerns or complaints about a CE provider may be directed to the provider or to ADA CERP at www.ada.org/goto/cerp. The Ohio State University College of Dentistry is approved by the Ohio State Dental Board as a permanent sponsor of continuing dental education ABOUT this FREQUENTLY asked COURSE… QUESTIONS… Q: Who can earn FREE CE credits? . READ the MATERIALS. Read and review the course materials. A: EVERYONE - All dental professionals in your office may earn free CE contact . COMPLETE the TEST. Answer the credits. Each person must read the eight question test. A total of 6/8 course materials and submit an questions must be answered correctly online answer form independently. for credit. us . SUBMIT the ANSWER FORM Q: What if I did not receive a ONLINE. You MUST submit your confirmation ID? answers ONLINE at: A: Once you have fully completed your p h o n e http://dent.osu.edu/sterilization/ce answer form and click “submit” you will be directed to a page with a . RECORD or PRINT THE 614-292-6737 unique confirmation ID. CONFIRMATION ID This unique ID is displayed upon successful submission Q: Where can I find my SMS number? of your answer form. -
Bacterial Pseudomycetoma (Botryomycosis) in an FIV-Positive Cat
獣医臨床皮膚科 16 (2): 61–65, 2010 Case Report Bacterial Pseudomycetoma (Botryomycosis) in an FIV-positive Cat FIV陽性猫にみられた細菌性偽菌腫(ボトリオミセス症)の1例 Tae Murai1)*, Kyohei Yasuno2), Kinji Shirota2, 3) 1)Kinder-Care Veterinary Clinic, 2)Research Institute of Biosciences and 3)Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Azabu University 村井 妙 1)* 安野恭平 2) 代田欣二 2, 3) 1)キンダーケア動物病院,2)麻布大学附置生物科学総合研究所,3)麻布大学獣医病理学研究室 Abstract: A 2.5-year-old spayed female domestic short-haired cat presented with more than a month’s history of a thickly crusted, purulent draining lesion on the shoulder area. Prior to the lesion’s formation, the cat had been repeatedly scratching the shoulder. Histological examination of skin biopsy specimens revealed both discrete and confluent pyogranulomas with fibroplasias and characteristic granules composed of gram-positive cocci surrounded by an eosinophilic amorphous substance. The histopathological findings were consistent with bacterial pseudomycetoma. The skin lesion was successfully treated with systemic and topical administration of antibiotics for about 4 months. However, occasional scratching continued, leading to the development of a small erosion in the same area. The present cat was antigen-positive for feline immunodeficiency virus, and it showed symptoms potentially caused by feline immunodeficiency syndrome. Decreased immune competence might contribute to the pathogenesis of bacterial pseudomycetoma. Key words: bacterial pseudomycetoma, botryomycosis, cat 要 約:2.5歳齢,避妊済みの雑種猫が,頚背部に著しく厚い痂疲を伴う排膿性皮疹を呈し来院した。 病変は当初激しいそう痒から始まり,やがて掻爬部位に一致して瘻孔の形成を認めた。病変部の病 -
WO 2014/134709 Al 12 September 2014 (12.09.2014) P O P C T
(12) INTERNATIONAL APPLICATION PUBLISHED UNDER THE PATENT COOPERATION TREATY (PCT) (19) World Intellectual Property Organization International Bureau (10) International Publication Number (43) International Publication Date WO 2014/134709 Al 12 September 2014 (12.09.2014) P O P C T (51) International Patent Classification: (81) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every A61K 31/05 (2006.01) A61P 31/02 (2006.01) kind of national protection available): AE, AG, AL, AM, AO, AT, AU, AZ, BA, BB, BG, BH, BN, BR, BW, BY, (21) International Application Number: BZ, CA, CH, CL, CN, CO, CR, CU, CZ, DE, DK, DM, PCT/CA20 14/000 174 DO, DZ, EC, EE, EG, ES, FI, GB, GD, GE, GH, GM, GT, (22) International Filing Date: HN, HR, HU, ID, IL, IN, IR, IS, JP, KE, KG, KN, KP, KR, 4 March 2014 (04.03.2014) KZ, LA, LC, LK, LR, LS, LT, LU, LY, MA, MD, ME, MG, MK, MN, MW, MX, MY, MZ, NA, NG, NI, NO, NZ, (25) Filing Language: English OM, PA, PE, PG, PH, PL, PT, QA, RO, RS, RU, RW, SA, (26) Publication Language: English SC, SD, SE, SG, SK, SL, SM, ST, SV, SY, TH, TJ, TM, TN, TR, TT, TZ, UA, UG, US, UZ, VC, VN, ZA, ZM, (30) Priority Data: ZW. 13/790,91 1 8 March 2013 (08.03.2013) US (84) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every (71) Applicant: LABORATOIRE M2 [CA/CA]; 4005-A, rue kind of regional protection available): ARIPO (BW, GH, de la Garlock, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1L 1W9 (CA). GM, KE, LR, LS, MW, MZ, NA, RW, SD, SL, SZ, TZ, UG, ZM, ZW), Eurasian (AM, AZ, BY, KG, KZ, RU, TJ, (72) Inventors: LEMIRE, Gaetan; 6505, rue de la fougere, TM), European (AL, AT, BE, BG, CH, CY, CZ, DE, DK, Sherbrooke, Quebec JIN 3W3 (CA). -
Harnessing the Power of Bacteria in Advancing Cancer Treatment
International Journal of Molecular Sciences Review Microbes as Medicines: Harnessing the Power of Bacteria in Advancing Cancer Treatment Shruti S. Sawant, Suyash M. Patil, Vivek Gupta and Nitesh K. Kunda * Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John’s University, Jamaica, NY 11439, USA; [email protected] (S.S.S.); [email protected] (S.M.P.); [email protected] (V.G.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-718-990-1632 Received: 20 September 2020; Accepted: 11 October 2020; Published: 14 October 2020 Abstract: Conventional anti-cancer therapy involves the use of chemical chemotherapeutics and radiation and are often non-specific in action. The development of drug resistance and the inability of the drug to penetrate the tumor cells has been a major pitfall in current treatment. This has led to the investigation of alternative anti-tumor therapeutics possessing greater specificity and efficacy. There is a significant interest in exploring the use of microbes as potential anti-cancer medicines. The inherent tropism of the bacteria for hypoxic tumor environment and its ability to be genetically engineered as a vector for gene and drug therapy has led to the development of bacteria as a potential weapon against cancer. In this review, we will introduce bacterial anti-cancer therapy with an emphasis on the various mechanisms involved in tumor targeting and tumor suppression. The bacteriotherapy approaches in conjunction with the conventional cancer therapy can be effective in designing novel cancer therapies. We focus on the current progress achieved in bacterial cancer therapies that show potential in advancing existing cancer treatment options and help attain positive clinical outcomes with minimal systemic side-effects. -
How to Expertise in Treatment of Alopecia
www.homoeotimes.com Article How to Expertise in Treatment of Alopecia Dr.Gnanasambandam, an eminent clinician Dr.R.Gnanasambandam having clinical experience 34 years , writes Introduction here to expertise in the treatment of alopecia Hair is vital for improving one’s appearance. Hence few strands with Clinical illustrations to create awareness of falling alarms a patient a scare the patient that he would go bald at among budding Homoeopaths for prosperity in early. Hair falling is a sign of baldness and risks in alopecia. Hair falling their clinical establishment. He is editing this and alopecia packing each other signifi es everyone to understand Journal. Serving director of AKP Homoeopathic the basics of hair and skin in structure function. Even though the Clinical Research Center can be reached by sign of hair loss apparently looks as cosmetic purview , it involves in 96771 55933 for any professional help. depth analysis to a Homoeopath as its packs allied disease conditions like Hypothyroidism, PCOD, and many systemic illness. A patent may approach a Homoeopath for simple hair falling or for different clinical varities of alopecia In fact many Homoeopaths revenue take major share in handling this special care and many Homoeopathic pharmaceuticals formulated their own formula to auxiliary mode of treatment by branding hair oils, hair creams, lotions and shampoos. Perhaps, simple understanding the clinical approach could make a budding homoeopath to expertise in Hair and skin , ultimately the allied disease conditions An Over view and -
Obesity and Chronic Inflammation in Phlebological and Lymphatic Diseases
Review 55 Obesity and chronic inflammation in phlebological and lymphatic diseases G. Faerber Centre for Vascular Medicine, Hamburg Keywords increase in intra-abdominal and intertriginous ten mit venösen oder lymphatischen Erkran- Obesity-associated functional venous insuffi- pressure, which in turn leads to an increase in kungen, die gleichzeitig schwer adipös und ciency, obesity-associated lymphoedema, vis- venous pressure in leg vessels, these relation- häufig multimorbide sind, überproportional ceral obesity, chronic inflammation, insulin ships are mainly caused by the metabolic, an. Die Adipositas, vor allem die viszerale, resistance chronic inflammatory and prothrombotic pro- verschlechtert alle Ödemerkrankungen, er- cesses that result from the increase of visceral höht das Risiko für thromboembolische Er- Summary adipose tissue. These processes can be ident- krankungen und postthrombotisches Syn- The prevalence of obesity has continued to ified by low levels of adiponectin and high lev- drom und kann alleinige Ursache sein für die increase considerably during the past 15 els of leptin, insulin, intact proinsulin, PAI-1 Adipositas-assoziierte funktionelle Venenin- years. Particularly noticeable is the marked and proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-8, suffizienz ohne Nachweis von Obstruktion increase in morbid obesity, which is in turn TNF-α). Therapeutic measures must therefore oder Reflux. Das Adipositas-assoziierte particularly pronounced among the elderly. be aimed primarily at reducing visceral obesity Lymphödem stellt inzwischen den größten Since the prevalence of venous thromboem- and with it hyperinsulinemia or insulin resis- Anteil unter den sekundären Lymphödemen. bolism, chronic venous insufficiency and sec- tance as well as at fighting chronic inflam- Mehr als 50 Prozent der Lipödempatientin- ondary lymphoedema also increases with mation. -
Foot Pain in Scleroderma
Foot Pain in Scleroderma Dr Begonya Alcacer-Pitarch LMBRU Postdoctoral Research Fellow 20th Anniversary Scleroderma Family Day 16th May 2015 Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine Presentation Content n Introduction n Different types of foot pain n Factors contributing to foot pain n Impact of foot pain on Quality of Life (QoL) Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine Scleroderma n Clinical features of scleroderma – Microvascular (small vessel) and macrovascular (large vessel) damage – Fibrosis of the skin and internal organs – Dysfunction of the immune system n Unknown aetiology n Female to male ratio 4.6 : 1 n The prevalence of SSc in the UK is 8.21 per 100 000 Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine Foot Involvement in SSc n Clinically 90% of SSc patients have foot involvement n It typically has a later involvement than hands n Foot involvement is less frequent than hand involvement, but is potentially disabling Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine Different Types of Foot Pain Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine Ischaemic Pain (vascular) Microvascular disease (small vessel) n Intermittent pain – Raynaud’s (spasm) • Cold • Throb • Numb • Tingle • Pain n Constant pain – Vessel center narrows • Distal pain (toes) • Gradually increasing pain • Intolerable pain when necrosis is present Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine Ischaemic Pain (vascular) Macrovascular disease (large vessels) n Intermittent and constant pain – Peripheral Arterial Disease • Intermittent claudication – Muscle pain (ache, cramp) during walking • Aching or burning pain • Night and rest pain • Cramps Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine Ulcer Pain n Ulcer development – Constant pain n Infected ulcer – Unexpected/ excess pain or tenderness Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine Neuropathic Pain n Nerve damage is not always obvious.