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Estudios De I+D+I ESTUDIOS DE I+D+I Número 43 Sistema de agentes portables incrustados para entornos naturales seguros (SAPIENS) Autor: Catalá Mallofré, Andreu. Filiación: Contacto: Convocatoria: 2006 Para citar este documento: CATALÁ , MALLOFRÉ, Andreu (2006). “Sistema de agentes portables incrustados para entornos naturales seguros (SAPIENS)”. Madrid, IMSERSO, Estudios I+D+I, nº 43. [Fecha de publicación: 01/08/2007]. <http://www.imsersomayores.csic.es/documentos/documentos/imserso-estudiosidi- 43.pdf> 1 Portal Mayores | http://www.imsersomayores.csic.es Resumen Diseño de un sistema de agentes portables, autónomos, sin mantenimiento e inteligentes, que cooperan entre si y pueden adaptarse a cualquier tipo de usuario. Con la intención de mejorar la autonomía y el acceso a la información de colectivos con déficits y limitaciones concretas en las actividades de la vida diaria. El ámbito de trabajo del proyecto y la metodología se sitúan en la ingeniería de sistemas, la ingeniería electrónica y la telemática. En una primera fase del desarrollo se trabajará con elementos hardware con capacidad de almacenamiento de información, capacidad de transmitirla sin cable y con autonomía energética para en una fase posterior, introducir también capacidad de sensorización y procesado. 2 Portal Mayores | http://www.imsersomayores.csic.es INFORME FINAL SAPIENS (Sistema de Agentes Portables Incrustados para Entornos Naturales Seguros) (IMSERSO 106/05) COORDINADOR PROYECTO: Andreu Català Mallofré Proyecto SAPIENS 1. INFORME GENERAL..........................................................................................................................1 1.1. EL PROYECTO SAPIENS. ..................................................................................................................1 1.1.1 Introducción...............................................................................................................................1 1.1.2 Consideraciones.........................................................................................................................3 1.1.2.1 Lector RFID ....................................................................................................................................... 4 1.1.2.2 Procesador .......................................................................................................................................... 5 1.1.2.3 Text-to-Speech ................................................................................................................................... 6 1.1.2.4 Base de Datos..................................................................................................................................... 7 1.1.2.5 Interfaz con el usuario ........................................................................................................................ 8 1.1.3 Conclusiones..............................................................................................................................9 1.2. ESTADO DE LA TECNOLOGÍA Y FUTURO EN RFID.............................................................................10 1.2.1 Introducción.............................................................................................................................10 1.2.2 Análisis de las tecnologías.......................................................................................................11 1.2.2.1 Frecuencia de operación................................................................................................................... 12 1.2.2.2 La etiqueta........................................................................................................................................ 13 1.2.2.3 Estándares. ....................................................................................................................................... 16 1.2.2.3.1 Introducción. ............................................................................................................................ 16 1.2.2.3.2 EPC (Electronic Product Code) Global Clase I Gen2 ............................................................. 19 1.2.3 Mercado...................................................................................................................................22 1.2.4 Conclusiones y perspectivas de futuro.....................................................................................24 2. INFORME TÉCNICO. ........................................................................................................................25 2.1. MICROPROCESADOR ........................................................................................................................25 2.2. PLATAFORMA ..................................................................................................................................29 2.3. SISTEMA OPERATIVO.......................................................................................................................31 2.4. HERRAMIENTAS DE DESARROLLO ....................................................................................................32 2.5 DESARROLLO....................................................................................................................................33 2.5.1 Herramientas de desarrollo.....................................................................................................33 2.5.2 Lenguajes de programación.....................................................................................................33 2.5.3 Rendimiento .............................................................................................................................34 2.5.4 Portabilidad.............................................................................................................................35 2.5.5 Transaccionalidad ...................................................................................................................35 2.5.6 Seguridad.................................................................................................................................36 2.5.7 Escalabilidad ...........................................................................................................................37 2.5.8 Coste ........................................................................................................................................37 2.5.9 Conclusión ...............................................................................................................................38 2.6. RADIO FRECUENCY IDENTIFICATION...............................................................................................39 2.6.1 Los Aspectos físicos .................................................................................................................39 2.6.1.1 Conceptos previos ............................................................................................................................ 39 2.6.1.2 Tipos de comunicaciones ................................................................................................................. 40 2.6.1.3 El factor antena................................................................................................................................. 40 2.6.1.4 Polarización...................................................................................................................................... 42 2.6.1.5 Efectos sobre la comunicación RFID ............................................................................................... 43 2.6.1.6 Materiales......................................................................................................................................... 43 2.6.2 Interfaz aérea...........................................................................................................................47 2.6.2.1 Modo de comunicación .................................................................................................................... 47 2.6.2.2 Modulaciones digitales..................................................................................................................... 48 2.6.2.3 Acoplamiento ................................................................................................................................... 49 2.6.2.4. Almacenamiento de información y capacidad de procesamiento .................................................... 50 2.6.2.5 La antena: tamaños y formas............................................................................................................ 51 Proyecto SAPIENS 2.6.2.6 El circuito integrado o chip .............................................................................................................. 53 2.6.3 EPC UHF Clase I Gen2: el estándar.......................................................................................54 2.6.3.1 Interoperabilidad .............................................................................................................................. 54 2.6.3.2 Gen2 y la ISO................................................................................................................................... 54 2.6.3.3 Puntos clave...................................................................................................................................... 55 2.6.3.4 Protocolo multiprotocolo.................................................................................................................. 55 2.6.3.5 Mejoras
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