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The U.S. Rosetta Project: Preparations for Prime Mission, 2014

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The U.S. Rosetta Project: Preparations for Prime Mission, 2014 C. Alexander, A. Chmielewski, A.M. Aguinaldo, A. Ko, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology 4800 Oak Grove Dr. Pasadena, CA 91109 818-393-7773 [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] A. Accomazzo European Space Agency European Operations Center Darmstadt, Germany +49-6151-90-0 [email protected] M. G. G. Taylor Scientific Support Office, ESTEC, European Space Agency, Keplerlaan 1, 2201AZ Noordwijk ZH, The Netherlands +31 (0)71 565 8009 [email protected] Abstract—In 2014, the International Rosetta mission will 5. SUMMARY ........................................................... 11 place a spacecraft in orbit around comet 67P/Churyumov- REFERENCES........................................................... 11 Gerasimenko and deliver a lander to the comet's surface. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ............................................ 13 The National Aeronautics and Space Administration's BIOGRAPHY ............................................................ 13 (NASA) contribution to the International Rosetta mission, designated the U.S. Rosetta Project, includes several 1. INTRODUCTION instruments, tracking support, and science support for some non-US payloads. In July 2011 the spacecraft was placed in ROSETTA, the third of ESA's cornerstone missions within a long-duration hibernation mode planned to last its Horizon 2000 science program, will place a spacecraft in approximately 37 months to conserve electrical power. orbit around comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko, deliver a Rosetta will rendezvous with 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko lander to the comet's surface, and perform detailed scientific in 2014. On the eve of the mission’s arrival at its target, this study of the comet including chemical /mineralogical paper highlights three issues related to Rosetta’s looming analyses, surface morphology studies, gas/dust interactions prime mission: (A) measures taken in 2009 to prepare the studies, and global characterization of asteroids encountered US Rosetta Project for the long-duration hibernation mode; during transit to the comet. The science objectives of the (B) risk reviews conducted in 2013 to prepare the US Rosetta mission are to study the origin of comets, the Rosetta Project for exit from hibernation; (C) ESA and relationship between cometary and interstellar material, NASA preparations for use of NASA Deep Space Network understand the origin and evolution of the solar system, and (DSN) assets related to keyword files. 1,2 perform asteroid science en route. TABLE OF CONTENTS The Rosetta spacecraft was launched from the Guiana Space Centre on 2 March 2004 in an Earth-escape trajectory with a 1. INTRODUCTION ..................................................... 1 complicated set of gravity assists including Earth swing-bys 2. 2009 HIBERNATION PREPARATIONS ..................... 1 in March 2005, November 2007, and November 2009, and a 3. 2013 RISK REVIEWS .............................................. 7 Mars swing-by in February 2007 to accumulate the delta-V 4. ESA/NASA COLLABORATION ON DSN KEYWORDS: 2006-2014 .................................................................. 8 needed to match the spacecraft's heliocentric orbit with that of the comet. This trajectory provided for flybys and science opportunities at asteroid 2867 Steins in 2008 and asteroid 21 1 Lutetia in 2010 [1]. The present mission plan calls for 978-1-4799-1622-1/14/$31.00 ©2014 IEEE. 2 IEEEAC paper #2432, Version 5, Updated October 7, 2013 rendezvous with 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko on 22 May 1 Figure 1. Trajectory of the Rosetta Mission. Hibernation takes place at aphelion (lower left area of the trajectory, for approximately 40 months, after the post-Lutetia maneuver. 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    MANUSCRIPT PRE-PRINT Icarus Special Issue “From Mars Express to ExoMars” https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2020.113707 First year of coordinated science observations by Mars Express and ExoMars 2016 Trace Gas Orbiter A. Cardesín-Moinelo1, B. Geiger1, G. Lacombe2, B. Ristic3, M. Costa1, D. Titov4, H. Svedhem4, J. Marín-Yaseli1, D. Merritt1, P. Martin1, M.A. López-Valverde5, P. Wolkenberg6, B. Gondet7 and Mars Express and ExoMars 2016 Science Ground Segment teams 1 European Space Astronomy Centre, Madrid, Spain 2 Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales, Guyancourt, France 3 Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy, Brussels, Belgium 4 European Space Research and Technology Centre, Noordwijk, The Netherlands 5 Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía, Granada, Spain 6 Istituto Nazionale Astrofisica, Roma, Italy 7 Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale, Orsay, Paris, France Abstract Two spacecraft launched and operated by the European Space Agency are currently performing observations in Mars orbit. For more than 15 years Mars Express has been conducting global surveys of the surface, the atmosphere and the plasma environment of the Red Planet. The Trace Gas Orbiter, the first element of the ExoMars programme, began its science phase in 2018 focusing on investigations of the atmospheric composition with unprecedented sensitivity as well as surface and subsurface studies. The coordination of observation programmes of both spacecraft aims at cross calibration of the instruments and exploitation of new opportunities provided by the presence of two spacecraft whose science operations are performed by two closely collaborating teams at the European Space Astronomy Centre (ESAC). In this paper we describe the first combined observations executed by the Mars Express and Trace Gas Orbiter missions since the start of the TGO operational phase in April 2018 until June 2019.
  • Insight Spacecraft Launch for Mission to Interior of Mars

    Insight Spacecraft Launch for Mission to Interior of Mars

    InSight Spacecraft Launch for Mission to Interior of Mars InSight is a robotic scientific explorer to investigate the deep interior of Mars set to launch May 5, 2018. It is scheduled to land on Mars November 26, 2018. It will allow us to better understand the origin of Mars. First Launch of Project Orion Project Orion took its first unmanned mission Exploration flight Test-1 (EFT-1) on December 5, 2014. It made two orbits in four hours before splashing down in the Pacific. The flight tested many subsystems, including its heat shield, electronics and parachutes. Orion will play an important role in NASA's journey to Mars. Orion will eventually carry astronauts to an asteroid and to Mars on the Space Launch System. Mars Rover Curiosity Lands After a nine month trip, Curiosity landed on August 6, 2012. The rover carries the biggest, most advanced suite of instruments for scientific studies ever sent to the martian surface. Curiosity analyzes samples scooped from the soil and drilled from rocks to record of the planet's climate and geology. Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter Begins Mission at Mars NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter launched from Cape Canaveral August 12. 2005, to find evidence that water persisted on the surface of Mars. The instruments zoom in for photography of the Martian surface, analyze minerals, look for subsurface water, trace how much dust and water are distributed in the atmosphere, and monitor daily global weather. Spirit and Opportunity Land on Mars January 2004, NASA landed two Mars Exploration Rovers, Spirit and Opportunity, on opposite sides of Mars.
  • What Is the Meaning of This?

    What Is the Meaning of This?

    What is the Meaning of This? Claudia Alexander Over a decade of exploration... Discovery of an ocean: Priceless Major Findings: • An ocean under the surface of Europa. • First ever successful probe of a gas giant atmosphere. • An icy satellite capable of gggenerating its own magnetosphere (Ganymede). • Characterization of the thin exospheres of icy satellites. • Sufficient detail of Io’s volcanism to call it a window into Earth’s past. • Detailed sampling of the Io plasma environment and its intricate connection to the dynamics of the magnetosphere. • Complete understanding of the formation of the Jovian ring. • High resolution sampling of a rarely Project Inception—November 19, 1977 visited region: the Jovian radiation belts LhdItltCiLaunch and Interplanetary Cruise—Oc t. 18, 1989 - Dec. 5, 1995 Galileo Prime Mission—Dec. 5, 1995 - Dec. 15, 1997 Galileo Europa Mission (GEM)—Dec. 15, 1997 - Jan. 1, 2000 • Discovery of an asteroid with its own Galileo Millennium Mission (GMM)—Jan. 1, 2000 - Sept. 21, 2003 moon 10/21/03 Galileo End of Mission Summary ‐cja‐ 2 Claudia with GLL Comet Nevski‐Novichonok (ISON) as it may appear at sunset on Nov. 29, if it survives its close approach. • Target of Rosetta Mission: Comet 67P/Churymov‐Gerasimenko. • Art Chmielewski’d best joke: Ukrainian sources reported today that the Rosetta target comet Churyumov‐Gerasimenko discoverer Dr. Churyumov married his former graduate student Dr. Gerasimenko. Dr. Gerasimenko will now hyphenate her name, Gerasimenko‐Churyumov. Dr. Churyumov stated that he would like the comet’s name to reflect his complete Russian name including the otchestvo, father’s name – Chury, making the comet’s name Churyvich‐Churyumov‐Gerasimenko‐Churyumov.