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The U.S. Rosetta Project: Preparations for Prime Mission, 2014

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The U.S. Rosetta Project: Preparations for Prime Mission, 2014 The U.S. Rosetta Project: Preparations for Prime Mission, 2014 C. Alexander, A. Chmielewski, A.M. Aguinaldo, A. Ko, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology 4800 Oak Grove Dr. Pasadena, CA 91109 818-393-7773 [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] A. Accomazzo European Space Agency European Operations Center Darmstadt, Germany +49-6151-90-0 [email protected] M. G. G. Taylor Scientific Support Office, ESTEC, European Space Agency, Keplerlaan 1, 2201AZ Noordwijk ZH, The Netherlands +31 (0)71 565 8009 [email protected] Abstract—In 2014, the International Rosetta mission will 5. SUMMARY ........................................................... 11 place a spacecraft in orbit around comet 67P/Churyumov- REFERENCES........................................................... 11 Gerasimenko and deliver a lander to the comet's surface. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ............................................ 13 The National Aeronautics and Space Administration's BIOGRAPHY ............................................................ 13 (NASA) contribution to the International Rosetta mission, designated the U.S. Rosetta Project, includes several 1. INTRODUCTION instruments, tracking support, and science support for some non-US payloads. In July 2011 the spacecraft was placed in ROSETTA, the third of ESA's cornerstone missions within a long-duration hibernation mode planned to last its Horizon 2000 science program, will place a spacecraft in approximately 37 months to conserve electrical power. orbit around comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko, deliver a Rosetta will rendezvous with 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko lander to the comet's surface, and perform detailed scientific in 2014. On the eve of the mission’s arrival at its target, this study of the comet including chemical /mineralogical paper highlights three issues related to Rosetta’s looming analyses, surface morphology studies, gas/dust interactions prime mission: (A) measures taken in 2009 to prepare the studies, and global characterization of asteroids encountered US Rosetta Project for the long-duration hibernation mode; during transit to the comet. The science objectives of the (B) risk reviews conducted in 2013 to prepare the US Rosetta mission are to study the origin of comets, the Rosetta Project for exit from hibernation; (C) ESA and relationship between cometary and interstellar material, NASA preparations for use of NASA Deep Space Network understand the origin and evolution of the solar system, and (DSN) assets related to keyword files. 1,2 perform asteroid science en route. TABLE OF CONTENTS The Rosetta spacecraft was launched from the Guiana Space Centre on 2 March 2004 in an Earth-escape trajectory with a 1. INTRODUCTION ..................................................... 1 complicated set of gravity assists including Earth swing-bys 2. 2009 HIBERNATION PREPARATIONS ..................... 1 in March 2005, November 2007, and November 2009, and a 3. 2013 RISK REVIEWS .............................................. 7 Mars swing-by in February 2007 to accumulate the delta-V 4. ESA/NASA COLLABORATION ON DSN KEYWORDS: 2006-2014 .................................................................. 8 needed to match the spacecraft's heliocentric orbit with that of the comet. This trajectory provided for flybys and science opportunities at asteroid 2867 Steins in 2008 and asteroid 21 1 Lutetia in 2010 [1]. The present mission plan calls for 978-1-4799-1622-1/14/$31.00 ©2014 IEEE. 2 IEEEAC paper #2432, Version 5, Updated October 7, 2013 rendezvous with 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko on 22 May 1 Figure 1. Trajectory of the Rosetta Mission. Hibernation takes place at aphelion (lower left area of the trajectory, for approximately 40 months, after the post-Lutetia maneuver. 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