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Science Delivery Hydrology Report No 416000.PR/6 6.29 Reach 29 – 416204a Weir River at Gunn Bridge (Headwater) 6.29.1 Reach Description This section of the report presents the data and flow calibration results for the Weir River from the headwaters to Gunn Bridge (416204A). The reach includes 6 subareas in Table 1.220 in the Upper Weir (see Figure 1.160). This reach has a total catchment area of 4,424 km2. Table 1.220: Reach 29 (416204a) subareas Subarea State Description Area (km2) UW1 Qld Subareas upstream of 416204A (Weir River at 826.59 Gunn Bridge) UW2 Qld 1,287.43 UW3 Qld 30.18 UW4 Qld 1,331.08 UW5 Qld 848.57 UW6 Qld 100.03 Area Total 4,423.88 Figure 1.160: Reach 29 (416204a) map 329 Department of Environment and Science 6.29.2 Reach Structure The model structure for this reach is shown in Figure 1.161. Figure 1.161: Reach 29 (416204A) model structure 6.29.3 Calibration Methodology The reach calibration was undertaken as outlined in Section 4. Key points specific to this reach are: Historical diversions within this reach are unavailable, and were therefore assumed to be zero during the flow calibration. A detailed model of the Upper Weir was developed as part of the previous IQQM model of the Border Rivers. This model included a number of breakouts, floodplain storages, routing, and losses. This model was ported to Source to provide the structure and the initial representation of the hydrology within the reach. A Sacramento rainfall-runoff model was developed to simulate the runoff from the six subareas in this reach UW1–UW6. It was calibrated to the historical flows at Gunn Bridge (416204A) using an optimisation tool. 330 Hydrology Report No 416000.PR/6 6.29.4 Data 6.29.4.1 Streamflow Data and Calibration Period Daily streamflow data was obtained from the Hydstra database. The period of available data for each gauge in this reach is outlined in Table 1.221 and shown in Figure 1.162. The downstream gauge, Gunn Bridge (416204A), provides 15 years of continuous record. The short periods of record provided by the flood warning gauges were insufficient to support subdivision of this reach into multiple independent calibration regions. Instead, data from those gauges was used to derive and/or validate the routing and breakouts modelled within the reach. Table 1.221: Reach 29 (416204A) flow data Gauge Gauge Name Start Date End Date Number Flood Warning Gauges 416950 Weir River at O'Connor 08/07/1993 27/05/2000 416952 Weir River at Retreat Bridge 22/09/1990 30/06/2000 416953 Weir River at Ballymena 25/09/1990 19/03/2000 Downstream Gauge 416204A Weir River at Gunn Bridge 01/07/2000 31/12/2015 Figure 1.162: Reach 29 (416204a) gauge data availability 6.29.4.2 Climate Data Rainfall and potential-evapotranspiration data has been used in the Sacramento rainfall-runoff models. Evaporation data has also been used in the representation of evaporative losses from storage surfaces. Daily rainfall and evaporation was obtained from the SILO database for these purposes. The rainfall data was reviewed to ensure that there were no unexplained trends in the data which may be introduced by deficient infilling/extension. Rainfall stations were chosen based on their location, their correlation with the target gauge flows (416204A), and their length of record. 331 Department of Environment and Science The rainfall data for the selected rainfall stations were extended to the full simulation period by infilling with raw rainfall data from other nearby stations and Patched Point data (from the original station if possible). This is shown in Table 1.222 and Figure 1.163. Potential evapotranspiration data for Boggabilla PO Station (053004) was used for rainfall-runoff modelling. Details about the station are given in Section 5.4. Table 1.222: Reach 29 (416204a) rainfall data Station # Station Name Rainfall Infilling 041058 Kindon r041058, r041139, r041348, r041394, p041058 041110 Turallin r041110, r041069, r041127, p041110 041152 Langley TM r041152, r041058, p041127 041349 Mundagai r041349, r041508, r041021, r041468, p041349 041545 Dunmore Exchange TM r041545, r041025, p041374 Note: “r” refers raw data and “p” refers Patched Point data. 332 Hydrology Report No 416000.PR/6 Figure 1.163: Reach 29 (416204a) rainfall infilling 6.29.4.3 Water Infrastructure The instream infrastructure in this reach consists of Brown Storage (173 ML) and a Floodplain Storage of 150 ML (Breakout 2 Low Storage) associated with a low-flow breakout in the reach. Further information about this infrastructure can be found in Section 5.6. 333 Department of Environment and Science 6.29.4.4 Historical Extraction Data Queensland users have access to unregulated flows in this reach. However no records of historical extractions are available, and extractions were assumed to be zero during the flow calibration. 6.29.4.5 Knows Effluents There are breakouts immediately upstream of the Gunn Bridge (416204A) gauge. These have been modelled as per the previous IQQM model. There is a low-effluent and a high-effluent component. These are described below. A low-effluent component of the breakout commences at 400 ML/day and fills a nearby floodplain which drains back into the stream. The breakout relationship for this component was adopted from the previous IQQM model, and is shown in Table 1.223. Further information about this storage can be found in Section 5.6. Table 1.223: Reach 29 (416204a) low-effluent breakout Upstream Flow (ML/d) Branch flow (ML/d) 0 0 400 0 1,820 1,220 3,600 2,300 9,200 2,950 100,000,000 2,950 A high-effluent component of the breakout commences at 24,000 ML/day and diverts a portion of the high-flows around the Gunn Bridge (416204A) gauge into the downstream reach. The breakout relationship for this component was adopted from the previous IQQM model, and is shown in Table 1.224. Table 1.224: Reach 29 (416204a) high-effluent breakout Upstream Flow (ML/d) Branch flow (ML/d) 0 0 24,000 0 25,000 1,000 35,000 8,000 100,000,000 40,000,000 334 Hydrology Report No 416000.PR/6 6.29.5 Reach Model Calibration 6.29.5.1 Streamflow Routing Flow routing in this reach was represented using piecewise-linear routing. Following the structure of the previous IQQM model, there are four identical routing links in this reach. These were configured using parameters adapted from the previous IQQM model, and validated based on timing of events observed in flood warning streamflow stations. Reach evaporation was ignored in this reach. The assumed properties for each of the four identical routing links are shown in Table 1.225 and Table 1.226. Table 1.225: Reach 29 (416204a) routing parameters for each of four identical links Parameter Adopted Value x (inflow bias) 1 Number of divisions 1 Area (km2) 0 Reach length (km) - Evaporation - Table 1.226: Reach 29 (416204a) piecewise-linear routing for each of four identical links Flow (ML) Lag (days) 0 0.25 1,000,000 0.25 6.29.5.2 Residual Loss Four in-stream losses were adopted from the previous IQQM model. These are shown in Table 1.227. Table 1.227: Reach 29 (416204a) residual losses Source Description Loss ratio Node # (constant) 0059 Residual losses to O’Connor (416950) 1.4% 0063 Residual losses from O’Connor (416950) to Retreat Bridge (416952) 13.9% 0064 Residual losses from Retreat Bridge (416952) to Ballymena (416953) 7.7% 0224 Residual losses from Ballymena (416953) to Gunn Bridge (416204A) 3.8% 335 Department of Environment and Science 6.29.5.3 Observed Inflow Sequence Although this is a headwater reach, the nonlinear processes modelled in this reach mean deriving inflows directly from the Gunn Bridge (416204A) streamflow data is nontrivial. While inflows in this reach were not derived directly from the Gunn Bridge (416204A) data, they will be adjusted on the basis of observed streamflow data at Talwood (416202A) by a flow adjustment procedure. This is described in Section 7.4. 6.29.6 Sacramento Model Calibration The Sacramento model for this reach was calibrated to the observed flows at Gunn Bridge (416204A) using an optimisation tool. The calibrated inflow sequence was checked visually to ensure good fit in both high- and low-flow regimes during the period of record. The effective catchment rainfall was estimated using a weighted combination of the rainfall sequences developed in the previous section. The weighting factors were determined as part of the calibration process and are shown in Table 1.228.Table 6.4 The table shows the mean rainfall in each of the contributing sequences, and in the final sequence. The mean annual rainfall over the period 1920–1969 is estimated to be 591 mm/y by the 50-Year Isohyet Maps. The adopted catchment rainfall sequence has a mean of 821 mm/y over the same period, which is 39 percent higher. Table 1.228: Reach 29 (416204a) rainfall sequences details Infilled Rainfall Sequence Mean Rainfall (mm/y) Contributing Factor 07/1889 to 06/2014 041058 582 0.167 041110 663 0.084 041152 667 0.452 041349 605 0.467 041545 685 0.165 Catchment rainfall Sequence 849 - The calibrated Sacramento parameter values were manually checked for anomalies. Table 1.229 shows the final Sacramento model parameters for the reach. Figure 6.1 shows the report card comparing the observed flows and modelled flows for this reach for the calibration period. Table 1.230 shows the summary results. The modelled flows reproduce the gauged flows reasonably well.
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