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The Living and Working Conditions of Artists in the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland Commissioned By: Prepared By: With

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The Living and Working Conditions of Artists in the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland Commissioned By: Prepared By: With The Living and Working Conditions of Artists in the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland (Republic of Ireland Version) Commissioned by: Prepared by: with Dr. Clare McAndrew Cathie McKimm April 2010 Table of Contents PREFACE ............................................................................................................................................... 4 SUMMARY OF KEY FINDINGS – REPUBLIC OF IRELAND ...................................................... 5 A. BACKGROUND AND APPROACH TO THE STUDY ........................................................................... 5 B. EDUCATION AND TRAINING ........................................................................................................ 7 C. WORK PATTERNS AND UNEMPLOYMENT .................................................................................... 8 D. INCOMES AND STANDARDS OF LIVING ...................................................................................... 10 E. TAX , INSURANCE AND REGULATORY CONTEXT ........................................................................ 13 F. ARTISTS ’ OVERALL VIEWS ON THEIR CAREERS ........................................................................ 14 G. CONCLUDING REMARKS ........................................................................................................... 15 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................... 16 1.1 STUDY BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES .............................................................................. 16 1.2 ARTISTS COVERED BY THE STUDY ....................................................................................... 17 1.3 RESEARCH APPROACH ......................................................................................................... 18 1.4 STRUCTURE OF REPORT ....................................................................................................... 19 CHAPTER 2: INTERNATIONAL STUDIES ON ARTISTS’ LIVING AND WORKING CONDITIONS ...................................................................................................................................... 21 2.1 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................... 21 2.2 EDUCATION AND TRAINING .................................................................................................. 23 2.3 EMPLOYMENT , WORK AND UNEMPLOYMENT ...................................................................... 25 2.4 INCOME ................................................................................................................................ 29 2.5 GENDER , AGE AND OTHER CHARACTERISTICS OF ARTISTS .................................................. 30 2.6 CONCLUSIONS ...................................................................................................................... 32 CHAPTER 3: INTERNATIONAL SCHEMES TO SUPPORT ARTISTS ..................................... 35 3.1 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................... 35 3.2 TAXATION SCHEMES ............................................................................................................ 35 3.3 SOCIAL WELFARE SCHEMES RELATING TO WORK AND UNEMPLOYMENT ............................ 40 3.4 MEASURES RELATING TO PENSIONS AND RETIREMENT ........................................................ 42 3.5 OTHER DIRECT AND INDIRECT STATE SUPPORTS FOR ARTISTS ............................................ 43 3.6 CONCLUSIONS ...................................................................................................................... 47 CHAPTER 4: ARTS AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONTEXTS IN REPUBLIC OF IRELAND AND NORTHERN IRELAND ............................................................................................................ 48 4.1 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................... 48 4.2 ARTS REGULATORY AND SUPPORT FRAMEWORK – REPUBLIC OF IRELAND ......................... 48 4.3 ARTS REGULATORY AND SUPPORT FRAMEWORK – NORTHERN IRELAND ............................ 55 4.4 BROADER ROLE OF THE ARTS .............................................................................................. 61 4.5 PREVIOUS RESEARCH ON ARTISTS IN IRELAND .................................................................... 64 4.6 CHANGING SOCIO -ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT ...................................................................... 66 4.7 CONCLUSIONS ...................................................................................................................... 67 CHAPTER 5: SURVEY POPULATION AND DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS OF ARTISTS ............................................................................................................................................... 68 5.1 ESTIMATING THE SURVEY POPULATION ............................................................................... 68 5.2 SAMPLE OF ARTISTS SURVEYED ........................................................................................... 70 5.3 DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS OF ARTISTS .................................................................... 72 5.4 ARTIST POPULATION AND DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS : KEY FINDINGS .................... 80 CHAPTER 6: LEVELS OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING ......................................................... 82 6.1 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................... 82 6.2 EDUCATION AND TRAINING OF ARTISTS .............................................................................. 82 6.3 CONTINUING EDUCATION , TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT .................................................. 86 6.4 EDUCATION AND TRAINING : KEY FINDINGS ........................................................................ 91 2 CHAPTER 7: WORK PATTERNS AND UNEMPLOYMENT ...................................................... 93 7.1 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................... 93 7.2 WORK PATTERNS ................................................................................................................. 93 7.3 WORK MOBILITY OF ARTISTS ............................................................................................ 102 7.4 USE OF TECHNOLOGY BY ARTISTS ..................................................................................... 106 7.5 PRACTICAL ORGANISATION OF ARTISTIC WORK ................................................................ 110 7.6 EXPERIENCE OF UNEMPLOYMENT ...................................................................................... 112 7.7 WORK PATTERNS AND UNEMPLOYMENT : KEY FINDINGS .................................................. 117 CHAPTER 8: INCOME AND STANDARD OF LIVING .......................................................... 120 8.1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................... 120 8.2 LEVELS OF INCOME ............................................................................................................ 120 8.3 OTHER INFORMATION ON ARTIST INCOMES ....................................................................... 138 8.4 OTHER MEASURES OF STANDARD OF LIVING ..................................................................... 142 8.5 PENSIONS AND HEALTH INSURANCE .................................................................................. 147 8.6 INCOME AND STANDARD OF LIVING : KEY FINDINGS .......................................................... 152 CHAPTER 9: OTHER ASPECTS OF ARTISTS’ WORKING LIVE .......................................... 154 9.1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................... 154 9.2 TAXATION .......................................................................................................................... 154 9.3 INSURANCE ........................................................................................................................ 159 9.4 REGULATORY AND LEGAL ENVIRONMENT ......................................................................... 160 9.5 ACCESS TO EXPERT ADVICE AND ASSISTANCE .................................................................. 163 9.6 OTHER ASPECTS OF ARTISTS ’ WORKING LIVES : KEY FINDINGS ........................................ 164 CHAPTER 10: REFLECTIONS ON CAREERS AND DEVELOPMENT NEEDS .................... 166 10.1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................... 166 10.2 CHOICE OF CAREER ............................................................................................................ 166 10.3 FACTORS HOLDING BACK PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT ................................................. 169 10.4 DEVELOPMENT NEEDS ....................................................................................................... 171 10.5 FINAL COMMENTS BY ARTISTS .......................................................................................... 172 10.6 REFLECTIONS ON CAREERS AND DEVELOPMENT NEEDS : KEY FINDINGS ........................... 177 CHAPTER 11: CONCLUDING REMARKS .................................................................................
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