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From Soviet to European Copyright

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From Soviet to European Copyright From Soviet to European Copyright: The Challenges of Harmonizing the Copyright Legislations of Post-Soviet Non-EU States with the European Copyright Law (Georgian Case) INAUGURAL-DISSERTATION zur Erlangung des Grades eines Doktors des Rechts am Fachbereich Rechtswissenschaft der Freien Universität Berlin vorgelegt von George Meskhi Promotionsstudent am Fachbereich Rechtswissenschaft der Freien Universität Berlin Berlin 2017 Erstgutachter: Professor Dr. Burkhard Breig Zweitgutachter: Professor Dr. Maik Wolf Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 24.05.2018 Table of Contents Abbreviations: ............................................................................................................................................. vi I Introduction ....................................................................................................................................1 II European Copyright Law and its Implementation in the Non-EU States............................................8 1. Introduction ......................................................................................................................................... 8 2. Development of Copyright and Authors’ Rights in Europe ............................................................ 12 2.1. Necessity of Copyright .................................................................................................................... 12 2.2 Development of Copyright .............................................................................................................. 13 2.3 Development of Authors’ Rights ..................................................................................................... 15 2.4 Raison d'être (Justifications) ............................................................................................................ 17 2.5 Terminological Explanations ........................................................................................................... 19 2.6 European Harmonization ................................................................................................................ 20 3. Harmonization of European Copyright Law .................................................................................... 22 3.1 Process of harmonizing European Copyright Law ......................................................................... 22 3.2 Aspects of Harmonizing European Copyright Law ....................................................................... 26 3.2.1 Legal Standard ............................................................................................................. 27 3.2.2 Economic Impulses ...................................................................................................... 33 3.2.3 Political Factors ........................................................................................................... 36 4. Non-Member States’ Perspective .......................................................................................................... 39 4.1 Relevance of the Non-Member States Perspective for the EU Copyright Law ............................ 39 4.2 Relevance of Implementing European Copyright Legislation in the Legislations of the Non- Member States ........................................................................................................................................ 42 4.2.1 Legal Approach ............................................................................................................ 42 4.2.2 Economic Approach .................................................................................................... 44 4.2.3 Political Approach ....................................................................................................... 45 5. EU Copyright Legislation ...................................................................................................................... 46 i 5.1 Computer Programs Directive ........................................................................................................ 46 5.2 Rental and Lending Right Directive ............................................................................................... 50 5.3 Satellite and Cable Directive ........................................................................................................... 54 5.4 Term Directive ................................................................................................................................. 57 5.5 Database Directive ........................................................................................................................... 61 2.6 Information Society Directive ......................................................................................................... 65 5.7 Resale Rights Directive .................................................................................................................... 69 5.8 Orphan Works Directive ................................................................................................................. 72 5.9 CRM Directive ................................................................................................................................. 74 6. Practice of the European Court of Justice in the Field of Copyright .................................................. 78 6.1 Initial Development of the ECJ Practice ........................................................................................ 78 6.2 First Wave of ECJ Practice concerning Copyright after the Adoption of the First Copyright Directive by the EC................................................................................................................................ 80 6.3 Second Wave of ECJ Practice in the Area of Copyright ................................................................ 82 6.4 Current Stage of ECJ Practice concerning Copyright .................................................................... 88 7. Conclusions ............................................................................................................................................ 89 III Development of Copyright Laws in Post-Soviet Non-EU States: Georgian Case .............................. 92 1. Introduction ........................................................................................................................................... 92 2. Actual Copyright Legislation of Georgia .............................................................................................. 97 3. Overview of the Georgian Legislation before the Soviet Union ....................................................... 100 4. Copyright Law in Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic (Georgian SSR) ............................................. 109 4.1. Ideological Backgrounds of the Soviet Copyright Law ............................................................... 109 4.2. Copyright Legislation in the Soviet Union .................................................................................. 115 4.3. Copyright Legislation of Georgian SSR ....................................................................................... 119 4.4. Copyright Legislations of the Soviet Socialist Republics ............................................................ 123 5. Shift from the Soviet Legislation to the Law of independent Georgia .............................................. 127 6 Georgian Law on Copyright and Neighbouring Rights ...................................................................... 131 6.1. Structure of the law ...................................................................................................................... 131 6.2. Changes and Amendments in the Law ........................................................................................ 137 7. Development of the Case Law ............................................................................................................. 140 ii 7.1. Initial Decisions ............................................................................................................................ 140 7.2. Subject Matter of Copyright ......................................................................................................... 144 7.3. Moral Rights .................................................................................................................................. 146 7.4. Exclusive Licence .......................................................................................................................... 146 7.5. Specific Issues ................................................................................................................................ 148 7.6. Summary ....................................................................................................................................... 149 8 Steps towards Harmonization of Georgian Copyright Legislation with EU Law .............................. 151 8.1 Partnership and Cooperation Agreement ..................................................................................... 151 8.1.1 The Fourth Amendment ........................................................................................... 154 8.1.2 The Term of Protection ............................................................................................. 155 8.1.2 Protection of Computer Programs ........................................................................... 157 8.1.3 Protection of Databases ............................................................................................
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