Public Archives

CANADA

Report for the Year 1951

REPORT OF THE PUBLIC ARCHIVES

REPORT

OF THE

PUBLIC ARCHIVES

FOR THE YEAR 1951

WM. KAYE LAMB Dominion Archivist

OTTAWA EDMOND CLOUTIER, C.M.G., O.A., D.S.P. PRINTER TO THE QUEEN'S MOST EXCELLENT MAJESTY CONTROLLER OF STATIONERY 1952

Price, 86 cents

56660— If

OTTAWA, April 25, 1952.

To the Honourable F. GORDON BRADLEY, Secretary of State, Ottawa. Sir,—I have the honour to submit herewith the Annual Report of the Public Archives for the year 1951. Many notable additions were made to the collections during the year. Details of these acquisitions, and of the activities of the various Divisions, are given in the pages that follow. Respectfully submitted, WM. KAYE LAMB, Dominion Archivist.

Report of The Public Archives for the Year 1951

First place on any list of outstanding events of the year in the Public Archives would naturally be given to the visit of Their Royal Highnesses the Princess Elizabeth and the Duke of Edinburgh. Other happenings of special interest were the acquisition of a notable group of post-Confederation political papers; the arrival of the first microfilm copies of docu­ ments in the archives of the Hudson's Bay Company; publication of the first of a new series of preliminary inventories by the Manuscript Division; expansion of the map collection; good progress on new map catalogues; and a thorough overhaul of the Museum. Laurier House, bequeathed to the nation by the late Rt. Hon. W. L. Mackenzie King, was placed under the control of the Dominion Archivist in June, and opened to the public in August.

THE ROYAL VISIT Their Royal Highnesses came to the Archives on the after­ noon of October 10th, immediately after their visit to the Parliament Buildings. They were accompanied by the Hon. F. Gordon Bradley, Secretary of State, and Mrs. Bradley. Among the exhibits that appeared to be of special interest to Princess Elizabeth were the series of portraits of the founders of leading women's organizations in Canada; a collection of autographs of famous figures of the French regime, including Frontenac, LaSalle, Maisonneuve, Bigot and others; the first notes issued by the Bank of Canada, which include a $20. note bearing the portrait of Her Royal Highness as a child; and Wolfe's last letter to his mother, which was presented to the Archives by Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth in 1939, shortly after the Royal Visit of that year. The Duke of Edinburgh noticed particularly the fine model of one of Cartier's ships, mounted on a fragment of one of the original vessels; plans and documents relating to men-of-war built on Lake Ontario during the armament race at the time of the war of 1812-15; the famous Duberger model of the city of Quebec; and Orpen's striking portrait of Sir Robert Borden. PUBLIC ARCHIVES By the time the party had signed the visitors' book and left for Government House, a much longer period had elapsed than had been arranged for in the official programme.

MANUSCRIPT DIVISION Post-Confederation Political Papers A special effort has been made in recent years to build up the department's collection of private political papers relating to the post-Confederation period. In 1951 the Archives had the good fortune to receive substantial and highly important addi­ tions to this collection. These included the papers of two for­ mer prime ministers. The Laurier Papers, which had been divided for many years, were all brought together in the Archives early in 1951. It will be recalled that in 1950 an agreement was reached, thanks to the generosity of Mrs. O. D. Skelton and Principal W. A. Mackintosh of Queen's University, under the terms of which the portion of the Laurier Papers on deposit at Queen's was to be added to the larger part, already in the Archives. As soon as the shipment from Queen's was received, two trained members of the staff were assigned to the task of arranging and cataloguing the combined collection, which consists of well over a hundred thousand documents. The work has progressed steadily, and may be completed by the late autumn of 1952. When it is finished, the papers will be microfilmed and a positive copy of the film placed in Queen's University Library. The Meighen Papers were a second outstanding acquisition of the year. Presented by the Rt. Hon. Arthur Meighen, Prime Minister of Canada in 1920-21 and again in 1926, this extensive collection consists of the papers accumulated by Mr. Meighen during his long and distinguished career in public life. In all, they fill more than forty filing drawers. The cardinal importance of the office of prime minister, and the virtual impossibility of drawing any valid distinction between "official" and "personal" documents in the files of a leading political figure, make this gift of the utmost value from the archival point of view. Use of the Meighen Papers for purposes oi general research will be restricted until a biography of Mr. Meighen, now in preparation, is completed. Thereafter they will be available to responsible students in accordance with the usual Archives regulations. REPORT FOR THE YEAR 1951 Eight other gifts added materially to the post-Confederation sources in the Archives. Brief descriptions of these follow: Rowell Papers. The extensive and valuable papers of the late Hon. Newton W. Rowell, who, in the course of his notable career, was successively Leader of the Opposition in the Ontario Legislature, a member of • the Cabinet in the Union Government of 1917-1920, Chief Justice of Ontario, and first chairman of the Rowell-Sirois Royal Commission on Dominion-Pro­ vincial Relations (1938). The papers were the gift of Mrs. Rowell, and requests for access to them will be referred to her for approval. Perley Papers. Though not numerous, these papers are of great interest because of the light they throw on certain persons and events of the period of the First World War. The Rt. Hon. Sir George Perley was then High Commissioner for Canada in London, and the papers consist mostly of his correspondence with Sir Robert Borden, then Prime Minister. The collection was presented by Sir George Perley's daughter and son-in- law, Mr. and Mrs. Perley-Robertson. Graham Papers. These relate to the public career of the late Rt. Hon. George P. Graham, of Brockville. They will be a valuable source for anyone studying the history and policy of Liberal administrations and the Liberal Party. A member of the Ross govern­ ment in 1904-1905, Mr. Graham was later elected to the House of Commons. He was a member of the Laurier cabinet from 1907 to 1911, and of Mr. King's administration from 1921 to 1926. He was subse­ quently appointed to the Senate. The papers were presented by Senator Graham's daughter, Mrs. Find- lay Maclean. Malcolm Papers. The late Hon. James Malcolm, of Kincardine, was Minister of Trade and Commerce in the King administration of 1926-1930. This interest­ ing collection of his correspondence, memoranda, etc., was presented by his widow. Casgrain Papers. The late Hon. Pierre F. Casgrain was Speaker of the House of Commons from 1936 to 1940, and Secretary of State in 1940-1941. The papers 56660—2 8 PUBLIC ARCHIVES preserved relate mostly to the administration of intern­ ment camps, the handling of enemy property, and policy with regard to press censorship, in the first years of World War II. They were the gift of Madame Casgrain, who has requested that no papers less than 25 years old should be made available to the public without special permission. Cameron Papers. Mr. A. Kirke Cameron, of Montreal, has generously agreed to present to the Archives the papers and correspondence in his possession that relate to public affairs. Several instalments of the papers had been received by the end of the year. Belcourt-Sis sons Correspondence. These letters, written during-the decade 1920-1930, were addressed to Prof. C. B. Sissons, of Victoria University, Toronto, by the late Senator N. A. Belcourt, of Ottawa. They relate to the separate schools question and the teaching of French in Ontario. The letters were presented by Professor Sissons, to whom requests for access to them will be referred for approval. Jacobs Papers. The late S. W. Jacobs, of Montreal, was not only a prominent lawyer and a leading member of the Canadian Jewish community: he was for many years a most distinguished member of the House of Commons. His papers relating to public affairs have been presented to the Archives by Mrs. Jacobs. In addition to the above, the papers of the late Hon. R. J. Manion and the late Hon. E. N. Rhodes have been sent to the Archives for safekeeping, on a deposit basis. It is anticipated that they will be formally transferred to the department in due course. Other Manuscripts Received Items of great interest were included among the earlier material added to the Archives in the course of the year. Notes on some of these follow: LSvis Papers. When the late Abbe Casgrain saw these famous papers in France in 1888, they consisted of eleven volumes. Nine of these were acquired by the Archives in 1950; all that was then known about the remaining two volumes was that they had been sold at REPORT FOR THE YEAR 1951 9 auction in New York in 1947. Fortunately, the dealer who had purchased them learned that the rest of the papers had reached the Archives, and at once communi­ cated with the department. The two volumes were subsequently purchased and added to the Archives collection. Among the many documents they contain are a manuscript proclamation to the people of New France, signed by Wolfe himself late in June, 1759; and Levis's detailed and decorative map of the Battle of Ste. Foy, fought in April, 1760, when the French nearly recaptured Quebec. It is most gratifying to have all eleven volumes in our possession, but it is clear that the set is still in­ complete. One of the volumes bears the number "XII", and an old auction record suggests that some of the Levis Papers were sold in London in 1872. What became of them thereafter is not known. Wolfe's Journal. It is convenient to note at this point the acquisition of photostats of the two "original" manuscripts of General Wolfe's personal journal. One of these manuscripts is in the McCord Museum at McGill University, Montreal; the other, the property of Brigadier Price, is frequently displayed in the Quebec Citadel museum. A contemporary copy of the journal, made by Captain Bell, who in 1759 took Wolfe's body and papers to England, is already in the Archives. The two original manuscripts were sent to Ottawa for a time, in the hope that careful comparison with each other, and with Bell's copy, might indicate which was the first and which the second version. No decision on the point could be made, but the Archives Museum seized the occasion to place all three docu­ ments on display, together with Wolfe's proclamation in the Levis Papers. It is certain that the four items had not been in close proximity since 1759. Walsh Papers. Dr. Edward Walsh, medical officer of the 49th Regiment, came to Canada in 1803. His papers include a description of the journey, which took him first to Charlottetown and then to Quebec. The bulk of his papers relate to his activities a few years later among various Indian tribes in Upper Canada. They include a letter from Joseph Brant and an incomplete 56660—2* PUBLIC ARCHIVES manuscript Indian dictionary. The papers were pre­ sented by Dr. Walsh's grandnephew, Colonel R. H. Walsh, of Romney, Hants, England, through Mr. A. A. Gardiner of the Canadian National Railways, Montreal. James Reid Papers. These include 101 letters, legal documents, etc., addressed to James Reid, first as a young lawyer, and then as a judge, in Montreal. They vary in date from 1794 to 1816. Some of them relate to prominent persons, including Simon McTavish, Simon Fraser, and the Hart family of Three Rivers. The papers appear to have been gathered together by the late James Horn, who placed them in the Library of Parliament, whence they were transferred recently to the Archives. Perth Settlement Records. These consist of two items: (a) a land settlement book relating to the years 1816 to 1822, and listing, in separate sections, military settlers and others who were presumably civilians and immigrants; and (b) a return dated December, 1822, listing military settlers and immigrants who were entitled to patents, or would be so entitled when they had complied with the prescribed terms. The records contain much of interest to anyone investigating settle­ ment in south-eastern Ontario. Bissett Diaries. These consist of 17 little volumes, and were kept by James Bissett, who was for many years in the service of the Hudson's Bay Company. The first is dated 1854, the last 1883. Some contain only scattered entries, while others give details of Bissett's extensive travels. The most interesting diaries are probably those that describe a journey from Lachine to the Red River Settlement and return, in the winter of 1854-55; a voyage to the Sandwich Islands in 1858-59; and a journey from Victoria to the interior of British Columbia, and up the North Thompson River, in 1867. The diaries were presented by Miss Florence Bissett and Miss Alice Bissett, both granddaughters of the diarist. Marcus Smith Diaries. Two years ago the Archives re­ ceived the letter books of Marcus Smith, the cele­ brated civil engineer; they were presented by his REPORT FOR THE YEAR 1951 11 daughter, Miss Clarice Smith, of Ottawa. Miss Smith now has added to these papers the diaries kept by her father while he was District Engineer of the Resti- gouche section of the Intercolonial Railway, in 1869- 71. In addition to the four volumes comprising the diaries, a number of items relating to the Georgian Bay Canal scheme of 1896-1901 were included in the gift. It is impracticable to list all acquisitions in detail, but a few additional items of special interest may be mentioned. An original letter from Simon Fraser the explorer, written January 27, 1840, and addressed to Donald A. E. McDonell, was purchased during the year. An interesting collection of 72 documents was received from the estate of George Hamilton, lumber merchant, of Hawkesbury. They include militia commissions, letters, and papers relating to the Rebellion of 1837. As a precautionary measure the Archives made photo­ static copies of the first minute book of the Saltfleet Women's Institute. This institute, the first of the kind, was organized by Mrs. Adelaide Hoodless in 1897. The original document is now a prized possession of the Women's Institute of Stoney Creek, Ontario. In April, 1951, Miss Mary Pickford, acting on behalf of the Canadian Motion Picture Distributors' Association, presented to the Archives what was then believed to be an original letter from Thomas A. Edison to George and Andrew Holland, of Ottawa. The letter congratulated the brothers upon the success of the first public showing of Edison's Kinetoscope, which took place in New York in 1894. It is now known that the document in question is one of a number of facsimiles made by the Hollands for souvenir or publicity purposes; but the interest of the letter itself, which indicates that two Canadians were responsible for the first commercial showing of moving pictures known to have taken place on this continent, remains as great as ever. A collection of printed and mimeographed notices, instruc­ tion books, etc., issued in connection with the air raid precau­ tions (ARP) programme of 1940-41 was presented by Dr. Douglas Leechman, of Ottawa.

Departmental Records Received Owing to lack of space, only a small quantity of material was transferred from departments of the government to the PUBLIC ARCHIVES Archives in 1951. The most important items received were the following: Privy Council. Dormants, 1887-1929. This series, con­ sisting principally of submissions placed before Coun­ cil and there set aside for further consideration, forms a most useful supplement to the Privy Council records received in 1950. Secretary of State. General files, from 1867. The work of screening these files is progressing slowly but steadily. All files relating to incorporated companies are being retained by the department; all other material con­ sidered of permanent value will be preserved in the Archives. Work on the files for the period 1867-1900 has been completed. Only about 20 per cent, of these were found to have any historic interest. Department of Resources and Development. Dominion Lands Office, 1871-1928. General files re­ lating to land settlement and colonization in the Northwest. Timber and Grazing, 1878-1928. Correspondence and other files relating to timber and grazing rights in the Northwest. As this material was relatively bulky, and as individual files seemed to contain no data of permanent historic interest, only a gener­ ous sample (representative by both date and area) was retained. All policy files were, of course, preserved complete. Department of Finance. Letter Books. These include two series of letter books from the Inspector General's Office (1840-1867 and 1859-1886), and the Receiver General's letter books for the period 1820-1870. Some material also was received from the Department of Transport, the Department of Public Works, and the Indian Affairs Branch of the Department of Citizenship and Immigra­ tion. Microfilms from the Archives of the Hudson's Bay Company In October, 1950, an agreement was concluded between the Hudson's Bay Company and the Public Archives of Canada under the terms of which the microfilming of the Company's archives is being undertaken as a joint project. REPORT FOR THE YEAR 1951 13 The copying programme was delayed for several months by mechanical difficulties, but by the end of 1951 the project was making good progress. One new camera was delivered in the spring; a second was installed in July. A total of 232 reels of film had been shipped from London by January, 1952, and further shipments were to follow shortly. Positive copies of all films received have been made for the Archives, and the nega­ tives have been stored in a vault for safekeeping. The copying programme will follow the classification sys­ tem of the Company's archives, and the films received to date consist of facsimiles of the first sections of class "A", which is composed of the records of the London office. The following summary of the material included will be of interest: Minute Books, 1671-1870. London Agenda Books, 1816-1871. London Correspondence Books—Outward: General Series, 1753-1871; H.B.C. Official, 1679-1870. London Locked Private Letter Books, 1823-1875. London Correspondence with Government Departments (Colonial Office, Foreign Office, Admiralty, War Office, etc.), 1813-1882/83. London Inward Correspondence—General, 1712-1870. London Inward Correspondence from H.B.C. Posts (ar­ ranged by posts; dates vary; earliest letters are 1701; mostly 19th-century). London Inward Correspondence from Governors of H.B.C. Territories: Sir G. Simpson, 1823-1860; Eden Colvile, 1849-1852; Wm. Mactavish, 1860-1870; A. G. Dallas, 1862-1865. London Correspondence between H.B.C. and H.M. Govern­ ment, 1683-1870. Grand Ledgers, 1667-1722. As previously announced, use of the microfilms in Ottawa will be governed by the same regulations that apply to the use 14 P UBLIC ARCHIVES of the original documents in London. For the convenience of students, the Company's latest regulations are printed as an appendix to this report.

Microfilms and Transcripts from Great Britain The technical difficulties which held up the copying pro­ gramme in London in 1950 have been solved, but unfortunately staff problems have now arisen. For many months the Public Record Office has not been able to provide a full-time camera operator. As a result the quantity of film received in Ottawa has been much less than anticipated. Some consolation may be drawn from the fact that, in spite of this, the number of pages copied was many times what it would have been if all copying were still being done by hand; but the total was nevertheless very disappointing. Files in the Public Record Office which were microfilmed in 1951 included the following: C. 0. 47, Vol. 115. Upper Canada—Miscellaneous. Sur-; veyor's Reports, 1826. (288 pages) C. O. 60. British Columbia, 1858-1871. (44 vols, on 33 reels) Despatches, enclosures, etc., received by the Colonial Office from the Governor and other officials of the colony, together with some general correspon­ dence about the colony with other persons. C. 0. 64. British Columbia, 1860-1870. (11 vols, on 2 reels) The blue books of the colony. C. 0. 194, Vols. 1-4. Newfoundland, Outward Corre­ spondence, Board of Trade, 1696-1710. (3 reels) These volumes are the first in the longest and most important series in the Record Office relating to Newfoundland. Filming of the series will be continued as soon as practicable. C. 0. 199. Newfoundland. Vol. 16. Account of the colony and fishery, 1677. (33 pages) Vol. 18. Return of possessions in Conception Bay. (180 pages) Most of the entries are of the period 1760-1790. REPORT FOR THE YEAR 1951 C. O. 385. Colonial Office—Entry Books of Correspond­ ence, etc.,—Emigration. (4 vols, on 1 reel) Vol. 6. Letters from the Secretary of State (North America), 1832-1833. Vol. 8. Letters from the Secretary of State to emigra­ tion agents, 1834-1836. Vols. 9-10. "Mr. Pinnock's letter book", 1835-1836. W. O. 44, Vols. 15-16. War Office—In Letters. Ordnance —Canada. Rideau Canal, 1826-1855. (2 reels) As soon as conditions permit, the London staff will begin to microfilm Series C. 0. 42, which is perhaps the longest and most important single file in the Public Record Office relating to Canada. The Archives already possesses hand-written transcripts of several hundred volumes of the series, but un­ fortunately at the time these were made, many years ago, the copyists were not permitted to transcribe minutes, marginal notes, endorsements, etc. As these notes and comments often reveal more about persons and policies than the formal text of the documents, it is important that copies of them should be available in Canada. Manuscripts from several other sources were microfilmed for the Archives in the course of the year. The most important of these were the following: Ellice Papers. (19 reels) Microfilm copies of all papers in this collection that relate to Canada were secured, thanks to the kindness of Mr. Russell Ellice and the National Library of Scotland. The collection consists essentially of the correspondence of Edward Ellice, Sr. (1781-1864), frequently referred to as "Bear" Ellice, and his son, Edward Ellice, Jr. The father was financially interested in the North West Company, was prominent in the negotiations for its amalgamation with the Hudson's Bay Company, and both he and his son were active in the affairs of the latter for many years. Edward Ellice, Sr., was a member of the British House of Commons for over 40 years, and owing to his business connections was interested in Canadian political affairs as well. His papers include letters to and from a great number of well-known persons of the time, including Lord Durham and Sir John Rose. 56660—3 PUBLIC ARCHIVES Albemarle Manuscripts: Papers of Sir Allan Mac Nab. The Earl of Albemarle, whose grandmother was a daughter of Sir Allan MacNab, very kindly made these papers available for microfilming. They consist of 129 items. About half of them relate to activities on the Niagara frontier during the rebellion troubles of 1837-1838; MacNab was Colonel in charge of these operations. The rest of the papers relate chiefly to addresses, appointments, etc.; dates vary from 1815 to 1862. Society for the Propagation of the Gospel: Letters and Papers received from Canada, 1868-1874. (2 reels) Corre­ spondence from the Dioceses of Fredericton, Nova Scotia, Newfoundland, Rupertsland, Saskatchewan and Columbia. One hand-written transcript was received from London: a copy of an anonymous "Diary of the siege of Quebec by an American force, written by a member of the garrison, 1775-6." The original is in the British Museum (Add. 46,840); the transcript consists of 31 pages.

Microfilms and Transcripts from Paris The microfilms received from Paris were of excellent quality, but were relatively few in number. Fortunately arrangements have now been completed which should greatly increase the number of reels received each month from France. Three files of papers in the Archives Nationales are being microfilmed at the moment; all are parts of the great C11 series, which contains many of the most interesting and important papers relating to Canada that are preserved in Paris. They consist of official and other correspondence and papers received from Canada, including despatches and reports from Governors and Intendants. The files are as follows: C^A, Vols. 1-12. Canada. (12 reels) The series proper begins with Vol. 2; Vols. 2-12 consist of despatches, etc., received in France in the period 1663-1689. Vol. 1 (1575-1660) consists chiefly of documents and copies of documents relating to De Monts. (See Parker's Guide, pp. 226-38, where the 122 volumes of the series are analysed.) REPORT FOR THE YEAR 1951 C^B, Vols. 1-3. He Royale. (3 reels) Similar in charac­ ter to Series CnA, but relating to He Royale (Cape Breton). (See Parker's Guide, pp. 241-45, for an analy­ sis of the 38 volumes in the series.) C^D. Acadia. (10 vols, on 10 reels) This entire series has been microfilmed. (See Parker's Guide, pp. 238- 40.) It is anticipated that by the end of 1952 complete micro­ film copies of these series, consisting in all of 170 volumes, will be available in Ottawa. Transcripts received from the Paris office included the following: Archives des Colonies: D2C, Vol. 61. Register of commis­ sions and brevets for civil and military officers serving in Canada, 1730-1758. (4 inches) Bibliotheque Nationale: Collection Clairambault. Vol. 848. Notes and observations on tides in North America and other parts of the world, made by Abbe Bernou from books, memoirs, and as a result of conversations, n.d. (2 inches) Vol. 852. Ordinances, regulations, and orders of the Council of State for the Ministere de la Marine, 1689-1705. Material transcribed deals with general administration, trade, and shipping, 1690-1700. (43 pages) Vol. 853. Alphabetical summary of ordinances govern­ ing the Ministere de la Marine, c. 1692. Extracts. These ordinances deal with the regulation of minor offices and with general administrative matters. (1 inch) Vol. 854. Ordinances, regulations, and instructions governing the Ministere de la Marine. The material transcribed deals with minor appoint­ ments, trade, and shipping, 1670-1678. It includes an undated dictionary of naval terms. (1 inch) Vol. 869. Miscellaneous documents. The material transcribed includes a letter from Pere Bonnault, seeking pardon for a nephew, 5 March, 1701 (3 pages); an alphabetical list of officers who were 56660—3* 18 PUBLIC ARCHIVES killed, died, or were retired, 1702-1742 (2 pages); a report on movements of ships, Bayonne, 16 May, 1703 (2 pages); and a journal by the Sieur Amari- ton, who commanded a detachment sent against enemy shipping by the Governor of Plaisance, 19-31 July, 1703. (6 pages) Vol. 874: Affaires Personnelles. Items transcribed consist of an account of leading events in Canada, November, 1691, to September, 1692 (16 pages); letters by and notes regarding Bishop St. Vallier, 1692-1693 (12 pages); estimate of expenses for war in Canada in 1693 (2 pages); letter by Frontenac as to events in Canada, 25 October, 1696 (10 pages); and representations on behalf of the Sieur de St. Castine and his son, 1703-1720. (12 pages)

Microfilms from Other Sources From the National Library in Dublin, Eire, the Archives purchased microfilm copies of the manuscripts known as the M'Clintock Journals (2 reels). These consist of diaries kept by Admiral Sir Francis Leopold M'Clintock (1819-1907), the British naval officer and Arctic explorer, or by his associates, in the course of expeditions carried out in the period 1848-1859. The journals included are the following: (1) Journals of Admiral M'Clintock: (i) In H.M.S. Enterprise, 1848-1849. (ii) In H.M.S. Assistance, 1850-1851. (iii) In H.M.S. Intrepid, 1852-1854. (iv) In yacht Fox, 1857-1859; with reports by Lieut. W. R. Hobson on a journey in 1859 and the finding of the Franklin Record, and by Capt. Allen Young on a journey in 1859 to Prince of Wales Land. (2) Arctic Journal kept by Dr. R. C. Scott, R. N., while serving as Assistant-Surgeon in H.M.S. Intrepid under M'Clintock in 1852-1854. Reference was made in my last report to the microfilming of the records of the American Fur Company Papers, which is being undertaken by the New York Historical Society. The first ten reels of these films were received in March, 1951. They REPORT FOR THE YEAR 1951 19 consist of copies of 26 early letter books of the company. It will be recalled that the records of the American Fur Company have become widely scattered, and that each institution owning a portion of them has agreed to microfilm its share and make a print of the film available to the others. The Archives has already delivered the film copies of the papers in its own col­ lection. In the course of the year the Papers of the Hon. Alexander Morris, Lieut.-Governor of the Northwest Territories in 1872- 1877, were offered for sale in Toronto. They were promptly purchased by the Provincial Archives of Manitoba, but thanks to the courtesy of Mr. J. L. Johnston, Provincial Librarian of Manitoba, they were made available to the Archives for micro­ filming. The negative film is being retained in Ottawa, and positive copies have been sent not only to Winnipeg but also to the Provincial Archives of Saskatchewan, since the papers contain many documents of interest to that Province. The microfilm copy consists of two reels.

Precautionary Microfilming of Key Files Some months ago it was decided that a systematic effort should be made to microfilm the key files in the Manuscript Division. The immediate purpose is to safeguard the contents of the papers by reducing the loss that would result from destruction of, or serious damage to, the originals. With this in mind the master negative will be stored for safekeeping. At a later date it is intended to make positive prints from the films, and to lend these to university libraries, other archives depart­ ments, etc., when scholars there have need of them. This precautionary copying programme was progressing steadily at the end of the year. The documents that had been microfilmed by the end of December included the Executive Council Minutes, 1764-1840; 155 volumes of the despatches to the Governors of Upper Canada and Lower Canada; the Bourlamaque Papers, the Montcalm-Levis Papers, and the Northcliffe Collection.

General Work of the Manuscript Division For a year or more the Division has been engaged in the major task of reorganizing the entire contents of the manu­ script collection. All official records of the Government of Canada in its possession have now been divided into "Record 20 PUBLIC ARCHIVES Groups", somewhat after the pattern adopted by the National Archives of the United States. Private papers, transcripts, and other non-official items are being arranged in "Manuscript Groups". The latter bring together, in chronologically ar­ ranged groups, material that is basically similar in nature. At present 16 Record Groups and 30 Manuscript Groups have been organized. Some of these may be revised in detail, but the general pattern of the collection has now been fixed. Needless to say, care has been taken to provide for any degree of expan­ sion that may become necessary in either the "Record" or "Manuscript" classifications. The Division is now at work upon a second large-scale enterprise—the preparation of preliminary inventories of all the material in its keeping. This project may surprise those who are familiar with the innumerable lists, guides, and detailed calen­ dars that are to be found in the annual reports and other publi­ cations of the department. The difficulty is that these finding aids are scattered through scores of volumes, many of which are out of print, and that in spite of their number they cover only a fraction of the material in the Archives. What is required is a concise, consistent description of everything available, so arranged as to give the reader some idea of the extent and nature of any particular file, and the period to which it refers. As explained in the circular announcement issued with the first of the new inventories, the object is to "make it possible for research workers at a distance to ascertain with some precision what papers are preserved in the Public Archives, and to judge with some accuracy whether the department has in its custody significant material relating to any particular topic." In a country as vast as Canada, in which the average scholar works hundreds of miles from the Archives, this is obviously a matter of importance. The first inventory completed describes the contents of Record Group 10. This consists of all records of the Indian Affairs Branch and its predecessors that have been transferred to the Archives. The text proper is preceded by an introduction, in which the history of the administration of Indian Affairs in Canada is briefly outlined, and followed by an appendix in which past and present senior administrative officers are listed. With minor variations, the whole series is expected to follow this general pattern. Preliminary inventories of Record Group REPORT FOR THE YEAR 1951 21 11 (Department of Public Works) and Record Group 12 (Depart­ ment of Transport—Marine; Railways and Canals) were pub­ lished late in the year. As they were relatively short and were in consecutive order, the two were bound up in the same cover. The inventory of a fourth Record Group was well advanced by the end of December. Preliminary inventories of two Manuscript Groups are in preparation. The first of these will describe the Division's collection of transcripts and microfilms of documents in the Archives des Colonies, in Paris. The second will describe our copies of Colonial Office documents preserved in the Public Record Office, in London. In spite of its preoccupation with the physical rearrange­ ment of files, and the preparation of the new inventory series, good progress was made by the Division in the cataloguing and indexing of recent acquisitions. The indexing of the papers of Sir John Thompson was completed, and the 30,000 documents included in this collection are now ready for use. Work on the Laurier Papers is now well advanced, and may be completed by the end of 1952. MAP DIVISION The map collection continues to grow rapidly. The number of maps held has increased by about 30 per cent, in the last three years. More than 2300 were added in 1951. Of these about 300 were new sheets added to such standard sets as the National Topographic Series and the Canadian Government hydrographic charts; 800 items came from the Privy Council files for 1884-1900, which have been transferred to the Archives; more than 500 were included in the second instalment of the Boyd Papers, which were presented by Miss Sheila Boyd, of Bobcaygeon; 150 were transferred from the map library of the 'Geographical Branch, Department of Mines and Technical Surveys; 135 were received on exchange from the American Geographical Society; 95 items were presented by the estate of the late Prof. A. V. Richardson, of Lennoxville, while 28 fine photostatic copies of early maps in his collection were presented by Dr. A. E. MacDonald, of Toronto. Of the hundred or more atlases received, 21 came from Prof. Richard­ son's estate, and 27 were received on exchange from the Library of Congress. Smaller collections of maps were received from the Library of Parliament, the Department of Resources and Development, the Department of Agriculture, the Ontario 22 PUBLIC ARCHIVES Department of Lands and Forests, the Quebec Department of Agriculture, and the Department of Soils of the University of Alberta. The reference work done in the Division has also grown rapidly in recent years. The number of enquiries considered of sufficient importance to be entered in the "enquiries book" rose to 336 in 1951; this compares with 234 in 1950, 197 in 1949, and 173 in 1948. Some of the questions received could only be answered after prolonged research. To cite one exampM the Division was asked to review all available data regarding La Verendrye's travel routes, and the location of the first Fort Dauphin, in Manitoba, for the guidance of the Historic Sites and Monuments Board. Many enquiries were received from pro­ fessors of geography, economics and history, asking for copies of maps with which to illustrate their courses. Teachers asked for historical maps for classroom use. Several local authorities and associations asked for plans of old buildings, fortifications, etc., which they hoped to excavate, restore, or rebuild.

Map Catalogues Answering enquiries and cataloguing new acquisitions took a great deal of time, but in spite of this the Division was able to make substantial progress in the research that must be completed before a new catalogue of the map collection can be printed. As noted in my last report, the catalogue will be published in several parts, each of which will be printed separately. At the moment it seems likely that the first part to appear will be devoted to maps of Acadia executed in the period 1600- 1763. These are approximately 500 in number. The catalogue will consist of several parts, as follows: (1) an introductory essay on Acadian cartography of the period; (2) critical notes on the more important maps the originals or facsimiles of which are in the Archives; (3) a general check list, including maps in other collections; and (4) biographical notes on leading map- makers of the time. It is expected that the other parts of the catalogue will follow the same general plan. The Division has decided to devote more space and atten­ tion to maps produced in the 16th century than was at first intended. The research involved in dating and annotating the relatively few originals and facsimiles in the Archives not only revealed that our collection was inadequate to illustrate REPORT FOR THE YEAR 1951 23 the 16th century properly, but showed also the amount of uncoordinated work that has been done in the field, and the need for a broad treatment of it. These views were confirmed by the staffs of the Library of Congress and the John Carter Brown Library, whose collections of 16th century maps are probably the best on the continent. It was felt, moreover, that adequate treatment in the new catalogue would bring to fruition an important body of Canadian research. As the Gulf of St. Lawrence was one of the two principal lines of exploration in America in the 16th century, Canadians have always been interested in the subject, and Canadian scholars, such as W. F. Ganong, H. P. Biggar and G. R. F. Prowse, have done much of the spade work in the field. Prowse's enormous work, with its listing of about 400 16th century maps relating to the Gulf, forms a very solid basis on which to build this part of the new catalogue, and deserves re-editing in a more easily digestible form. As a result of this decision the Map Division is making an effort to acquire some sort of facsimile of all important 16th century maps that relate to the area now comprising Canada. It has prepared a check list of all maps in this category of which it has any trace, and is now circulating this list among the major map libraries in the hope of finding unlocated items, and eventually securing copies of them. A separate part of the new printed catalogue will be devoted to this 16th century material, and it is anticipated that as many as 900 maps may be listed.

Copies of 16th Century Maps The Division has reported as follows on recent acquisitions of material relating to this period: "We had had few good photostats of early globes and armillary spheres but this year added fourteen, selected as being characteristic of globe types or as landmarks in the earliest cartography of America, much of which appeared in this form. These included the 'Lenox Globe' of about 1510 (original now in the New York Public Library), the terrestrial globe of Rober- tus de Bailly of about 1530, and the 'Paris Wooden Globe' of 1535, all bearing early representations of the Atlantic coast of North America. Even better reproductions of six others were among the fine photogravure illustrations in two volumes PUBLIC ARCHIVES acquired this year, Gabriel Marcel's Reproductions de Cartes & de Globes relatifs a la decouverte de VAmerique du XVIe au XVIlie Siecle, and the 1951 sale catalogue of H. P. Kraus, of New York, Choice Manuscripts, Books, Maps and Globes . . . from the Prince Liechtenstein Collection and . . . from a Private Library. Two of the six were the 'Paris Green Globe' of about 1515, and the earliest known globe (1536) of one of the greatest of globe- makers, Caspar Vopell of Medebach. "The Kraus catalogue also contains photocopies of ten fine sixteenth century world maps. Among them are such landmarks as the first production of the great Venetian carto­ grapher Giacomo Gastaldi, his map of 1546 on Bordone's oval projection; the 'Cosmographia Universalis' published by Gian- francesco Camocio in 1569, containing probably the most detailed representation of Gastaldi's 'Strait of Anian' theory; and the western of the two hemispheres published by Michael Tramezinus at Rome in 1554. The latter is the first large-scale map of the world brought out in this form. There are also photogravure facsimiles of two of the biggest and most sump­ tuous world maps published during the century, Vopell's 'Nova et integra universalisque orbis totius. . .' of 1558 and Gui- seppe Rosaccio's 'Universale Descrittione di tutto il Mondo', 1597; the originals of these are twelve and ten-sheet productions, with a wealth of cartographic and decorative detail rivalling the two famous maps of Martin Waldseemuller. They have never been reproduced before. "A smaller Waldseemuller map, but still a significant one, is well reproduced in another recent New York sale catalogue received this year: the Parke-Bernet Galleries' Martin Waldsee­ muller 1507 Hauslab-Liechtenstein Globular Map of the World. This is the set of globe gores Waldseemuller issued with his great world map of 1507, to promulgate the name 'America' for the new continent. During the year we also received a photostat of the woodcut 'La Carta universale della terra ferma & Isole delle Indie occidetali', published at Venice in 1534, known as 'The Ramusio Map of America'. The Ramusio was the first printed representation of the 'Padron Real', the Spanish official map which at that period was being kept up to date from the best sources available to His Catholic Majesty. Particularly large and clear photostats of two unusual 16th century maps, from originals in his own collections, were donated REPORT FOR THE YEAR 1951 25 by Dr. A. E. MacDonald, of Toronto; these are the heart- shaped 'Charta Cosmographica' of Petrus Apianus, 1545, and the 'Americae Retectio' of Johannes Stradanus. "Students of cartography visiting the Archives will benefit by our Library's purchase during the year of Armando Cortesao's Cartografia e cartografos Portugueses dos seculos XV e XVI; this contains the first complete, albeit small, reproductions of ten significant Portuguese manuscript maps of the period and, in the words of the reviewer in Imago Mundi, contains a great 'wealth and variety of new information . . . revealed [by] industrious research, patient scholarship and eminently fair reasoning'. Complete reproductions of eleven other Portuguese and Italian maps of the same era, including Lopo Homem's great planisphere of 1554 (Museo degli Strumenti Antichi, Florence), are in another recent Library acquisition, Professor S. Crino's series on the Portolani Manoscritti e Carta da Navigare Compilati per la Marina Medicea. These reproductions have been separated from the volumes and transferred to the Map Division."

Copies of 17th Century Maps A considerable number of reproductions of significant maps produced during the 17th century were added to the collection. Some details follow: "Earliest of the 17th century maps of which photostats were acquired during the year is the so-called 'Velasco Map' of New France and the northern British colonies. This is a large- scale manuscript compilation, made about 1610 by an English 'engineer' sent to America by James I. It precedes by a year or two Champlain's earliest map of New France, and is in many respects a more scientific and accurate presentation of the region. It has the earliest clear representation of the Ottawa River, Lake St. Francis and the Ix)ng Sault Rapids of the St. Lawrence. Dr. MaCDonald's gift of fine photostatic reproduc­ tions from his own collection included half a dozen 17th century publications. The three of most interest were the undated 'Poli Arctici, et circumiacentium terrarum descriptio novissima' of Henry Hondius, containing two whaling views that are most interesting in their detail; the 'Americae sive Indiae Occiden­ tal' of De Laet, 1630, which gives a particularly clear picture of the geographical knowledge of the continent and contains what Wagner terms 'the sanest map of the northwest coast produced in the seventeenth century'; and Guillaume Sanson's 1699 reissue of his 'Atlantis Insula' of 1669, an early attempt to 26 P UBLIC ARCHIVES locate the lost continent of Atlantis. Finally, there are a i number of maps of this century among the beautiful facsimiles in Marcel's Reproductions de Cartes & de Globes. Of these the I most important is the 'Carte de l'Amerique Septrentrionale et i partie de la Meridionale' (Archives du Service Hydrographique de la Marine, portefeuille 122, division 2, piece 0), a map 'long j famous for its exquisite cartouche and for its colour beauty', in fact, known as 'La Belle Carte du Depdt'. The Marcel repro­ duction, though in sepia and white, is a worthy one. "Once again a small but important body of photocopies of manuscript maps of the French regime came from the Paris office of the Archives. One of the most interesting of these was the 'Corographie du Pays des Hurons', Bibliotheque Nationale, Section des Cartes, Ge. F. 2470. This is clearly from the same survey as the Huronia inset on Du Creux's engraved 'Tabula Novae Franciae' of 1660, and covers a ratlsB| larger area and contains more detail. It is probably not the original survey itself, as the legends are in a hand which appears on two other Bibliotheque Nationale maps which are clearly after 1680; but it is still the fullest form of one of the very earliest known district maps produced in Canada, probably tfl|' best contemporary map record of the Huron missions in which there is so much current interest. A photostat was also secured of the manuscript 'Description du Pais des Hurons' in the Library of Congress, again similar to the Du Creux, but covering rather a larger area; though this bears the date '1631', changed to '1651', the handwriting and errors in detail seem to indicate an 18th century compilation. "One of the photostats received from Paris was of engineer Robert de Villeneuve's great 'Carte Des Environs De Quebec, En La Nouvelle France Mezure Sur Le Lieu, Tres-Exactement, En 1685, Et 86' (original in Bibliotheque Nationale, Archives du Service Hydrographique de la Marine, portefeuille 127, division 7, piece 4). Villeneuve produced the first Canadian district maps prepared along the lines of the current National Topographic Series, that is, showing all roads, houses and extent of clearings, and his work displays care, accuracy and beauty. This map is probably his finest, giving a wonderfully detailed picture of the Quebec region in Denonville's time, while the accompanying key to the owners of all the houses, mills, barns, etc., forms a sort of Domesday Book for the district that will be of much use to genealogists. The map measures about five feet square, and includes the whole area from L'Ange Gardien REPORT FOR THE YEAR 1951 27 i to Ancienne Lorette, and from Charlesbourg to the Chaudiere Falls. This is the first full-size and complete facsimile (includ­ ing the key and the decorative pictures of ships) to come to Canada."

Other New Acquisitions Photostatic copies of 45 "aboriginal maps", selected by Mr. Richard Ruggles, formerly Lecturer in Geography at McMaster University, were acquired during the year. These are quite, diverse in origin, date and coverage. They include Sioux, Micmac, Penobscot, Amalecite and Passamaquoddy "notices of direction"; a set of story maps made in 1829 by a Beothuk Indian of Newfoundland; Eskimo skin and wood maps of the Greenland and Baffin Land coasts; Cherokee and Chickasaw "chain charts" showing the location of Indian nations, drawn early in the 18th century; Ojibwa and Hidatsa plans of battles in the 19th century; West Coast Indian maps of river and lake systems; the map compiled by La Verendrye in 1728 from sketches of the prairie rivers drawn for him on birch bark by Assiniboine and Cree Indians; and the map of the "Riviere Longue" that other Western Indians drew on deerskin for Lahontan in 1688. A useful collection of "soil maps" was also acquired, thanks to the courtesy of the Dominion and Quebec departments of Agriculture, and the Department of Soils of the University of Alberta. These represent areas in all the provinces except Manitoba and Newfoundland. The skilful use of colour in these maps makes them a landmark in the development of Canadian cartography. The 500 maps from the Boyd Papers include many most useful items of regional or local interest. Those relating to Eastern Canada consist chiefly of manuscript or blue-print lumbering maps; regions represented include the Trent Valley, the Nipissing-Georgian Bay area, the Saguenay, and part of Quebec Labrador. The western material relates mostly to British Columbia, and includes many of the earlier maps issued by the Department of Lands of that province. Interesting individual maps received included the following: 1783. "Ground Plan of the Town on the East side of the Harbour of St John . . . December the 17 1783. Paul Bedell D. Survy." (Photostat.) PUBLIC ARCHIVES This is believed to be the first plan of the city of St. John. The original map, which until recently was in daily use in the Registry Office in St. John, was repaired and restored by the Archives bindery. 1805. "A Map of part of the Continent of North America . . . Shewing Lewis & Clarks rout over the Rocky Mountains in 1805", by William Clark. (Facsimile issued by Yale University, which owns the original manuscript.) Sketchily drawn, but shows in detail the river systems of the Western States and southern part of the Prairie Provinces. 1820. "A New Map of the Province of New Brunswick, from the Large Plan made by the Surveyor General of the Colony." London, 1820. (Photostat.) Dr, Ganong states that this large map was "the first published map devoted exclusively to New Brunswick, and the first of the type which we have in use today. Our later ones do not differ from it in kind, but only in degree." 1843. "Map of [the Province of] Canada shewing generally the several public works completed or now in progress." (Photostat.) 1850. An interesting general map, extending from Newfoundland to Detroit, showing all lighthouses existing at this date. (Photostat.) 1852. "Map of Prince Edward Island ... by George Wright Esqr. Surveyor General. 1852." (Photostat.) A large map (scale 2\ miles to 1 inch), which amongst other things shows the road system of the day very clearly. 1862. "Tackabury's Map of Canada West." (Original.) A very large map. 1864. "Topographical Township Map of Halifax County, Nova Scotia", published by H. F. Walling. (Original.) A very large map of this area. 1867. "Rough Sketch of the North Branch of the Thompson River and of the Clearwater River, to Quesnelle Lake. Explored by James Bissett H.B. Co. September 1867." (Original manuscript.) REPORT FOR THE YEAR 1951 29 A large part of the area shown is now included in Wells Gray Park. Accompanied by a sketch of the same region on a reduced scale. These are the earliest original manuscript maps relating to British Columbia in the Archives. 1877. "Map of the County of Victoria, Province of Ontario, published by Tom Kains, Esq., P.L.S. . . . From Original Plans and Actual Surveys by Jas. A. Paterson, CE." (Original.) One of the great county maps of this period; shows every house in the county, naming its owner. Included in the Boyd gift. 1883. "Diocese of Toronto, By Rural Deaneries, Compiled & Drawn by Arthur Illrd Bishop of Toronto, 1883." (Original.) A large-scale printed map. Included in the Boyd gift. 1883. "McPhillips Brothers' Map of Part of the City of Winnipeg." 3rd edition, 1883. (Original.) This very large-scale map covers the greater part of the Winnipeg of today. Included in the Boyd gift. 1896. "The Arctic Regions with the Tracks of Search Parties and the Progress of Discovery . . . 1896." Printed by the Bureau of Navigation, U. S. Navy Department. Shows the routes of explorers in every sector of the Arctic (including Arctic Russia and Siberia) since the 16th century. Several sets of maps were acquired that show parts of the boundary between Canada and the United States at various periods. Two of these are early official sets issued by the United States Government. Approximately one hundred atlases were added to the collection during the year. These included two French publica­ tions, both of which are dated 1787: the Geographie Ancienne et Moderne by Rigobert Bonne, and the Atlas Universel by E. A. Philippe de Pretot. Two interesting atlases in quite a different field are entitled Maps of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge (2 vols., 30 PUBLIC ARCHIVES 1844), and The Colonial Church Atlas (1845). The latter gives the boundaries of Canadian dioceses, and the location of churches and mission stations. From the Map Distribution Office of the Ontario Depart­ ment of Lands and Forests, the Division received a copy of an unpublished atlas by Dr. J. L. Morris, entitled Ontario and its sub-divisions . . . 1763-1867. This consists of ten large maps which show political divisions, down to the township level, at various key dates. A few supplementary items may be noted here. From the Library of Congress the Division acquired micro­ film copies of several reference works of great interest. These included the World, North American and Arctic sections of the manuscript Inventaire de la Collection de Cartes de M. d'Anville. This is a most useful and extensive list, since d'Anville's collec­ tion consisted in all of no less than 8793 maps. Other volumes microfilmed were Henry Harrisse's own copies of his Discovery of North America; Decouverte et Evolution Cartographique de Terre-Neuve; and Notes pour servir a VHistoire, a la Bibliographic, et a la Carlographie de la Nouvelle-France. These copies have numerous manuscript annotations and additions that Harrisse himself wrote, and are as a consequence of great interest to those engaged in research on the development of the cartography of Canada. Finally, the Division added to its collection a few portraits of early map-makers, and acquired about 30 pictures of early surveyors at work and of early surveying instruments.

PICTURE DIVISION Oil paintings of three prominent Canadians were presented to the Division during the year. A life-size portrait of Sir Allan Napier MacNab, who was Prime Minister of Canada in 1854-1856 and who played a notable part in politics at the time of the fight for responsible government, was transferred to the Archives from the House of Commons. Members of the Fleming family presented a portrait of the late Sir Sandford Fleming (1827-1915), the celebrated civil engineer and originator of the system of standard time. From Sir Campbell Stuart, K.B.E., who has for many years taken a keen interest in the Archives, the department received a portrait of himself, painted in 1936 by Alexander Christie. REPORT FOR THE YEAR 1951 31 In response to a request, the Rt. Hon. Arthur Meighen kindly gave the Division a photograph of the striking oil portrait of himself, by Ernest Fosbery, which hangs in the Conservative caucus room in the Parliament Buildings. A print, in colour, of a Bow porcelain figurine of General James Wolfe, c. 1759-1760, was given to the Archives by Mr. A. J. Richardson, of the Map Division. Mrs. Janet B. Allen, of West Toun, Scotland, presented photographic copies of a number of interesting portraits of members of the Greenshields family. An autographed photograph of D'Arcy McGee, taken early in life, was received from Mr. Frederick Howe, of Miami, Florida; and photographs of William Laurenz, of Montreal, and of F. A. Verner, A.R.C.A., were presented by Miss Frances Goldie, of Guelph. One of the most interesting acquisitions of the year was an attractive original pen-and-ink and water-colour sketch entitled "Charlotte Town on the Island of St. John's". It is dated 1778, and was executed by Captain Charles Randle, of the Royal Navy. Very different in character, but of interest to many in the Ottawa region, is a small water-colour presented by Mr. H. J. Hammond. It depicts the ancient log house at 8 Albert Street, Aylmer, P.Q., said to have been the stopping-place for fur traders en route from Montreal to the North. According to tradition this building, which fell into a ruinous state in recent years and has now been demolished, was built in 1748. Photostats of paintings of Kingston, Ontario, and Sackett's Harbour, New York, were presented by Professor R. A. Preston, of the Royal Military College, Kingston. The original pictures, which hang in the Commandant's residence in the College, were painted in 1815 by Emeric Vidal. They are of great historic interest because they show H.M.S. St. Lawrence in Kingston harbour, and the U.S.S. New Orleans on the stocks at Sackett's Harbour. These ships-of-the-line, built on Lake Ontario during the War of 1812, were among the largest men-of-war in the world at that time. A group of 27 early photographs of Ottawa were purchased from a pioneer photographer, Mr. S. J. Jarvis. Photographs of the old Ottawa River steamers Rideau King and Rideau Queen were presented by Mr. John M. Mills, of Toronto. Two air photographs of the ruins of Fort de Levis, Chimney Island, N.Y., were received from Colonel F. C. Curry, of Brockville, and views of the 150-year-old graveyard at old 32 PUBLIC ARCHIVES Fort St. Joe, St. Joseph's Island, Algoma County, Ontario, came from Mr. S. A. Wallace, of Windsor. Four British soldiers who served in the War of 1812 lie buried in this cemetery. A gift received from Colonel C. P. Meredith, of Ottawa, included an interesting link with the same conflict. This is a photograph, taken by William Armstrong in 1861, showing a group of ten veterans of the War of 1812. Fortunately each of the veterans is carefully identified. Also of military interest is a coloured reproduction of the painting by Mrs. Margaret Fulton Frame Beatty entitled "Unveiling of the National War Memorial, 21 May, 1939." The print was presented by .4» artist. A set of fourteen documentary filmstrips covering the discovery, exploration, settlement and industrial development of Canada, prepared for the instruction of New Canadians, was presented by the Director, Citizenship Branch, Department of Citizenship and Immigration. A collection of 95 lantern slides relating to the Arctic was donated by Captain H. T. Munn, who is now residing on the Seychelles Islands, in the Indian Ocean. A number of photographs of Canadians and Canadian scenes were transferred to the Archives from the Library of Parliament. A quantity of very interesting pictorial material relating to the Peterborough and Lakefield districts, and to the Langton, Strickland, Boyd and Wallis families, was made available to the Archives on loan, in order that the principal items might be photographed and the copies placed in the Picture Division. For these loans the Division is indebted to Mr. H. T. Pammett, of Ottawa, Mr. Hugh M. Wallis, of Senneville, P.Q., and Miss Sheila Boyd, Bobcaygeon. During the year the portraits and other paintings in Laurier House were photographed by the department; prints and negatives were filed in the Picture Division. A portrait in oils of Mrs. William Lyon Mackenzie, painted in 1850 by Ida C. Jones, was also photographed before being transferred to the Mackenzie Homestead, in Toronto. It is impracticable to list here the many other items pre­ sented to the Division or otherwise acquired, but the notes given above suggest the wide variety and great historical interest of the material that is added to the collection in a typical year. The number of enquiries entered in the register rose in 1951 to 555. The corresponding figure in 1950 was 460, and in 1949 it was 373. Many of the questions required extensive REPORT FOR THE YEAR 1951 33 research, and more than a thousand photographic and photo­ static reproductions were supplied in answer to requests. As stated in my report last year, teachers, students, historians, authors, publishers and film producers all make constant use of the resources of the Picture Division. Few books and films relating in any important way to the history of Canada are now produced without making use of the Archives collections, either directly or indirectly. MUSEUM The most memorable event of the year was, of course, the visit of Their Royal Highnesses the Princess Elizabeth and the Duke of Edinburgh, on October 10th. Fortunately it was found possible to carry out the long- planned redecoration and rearrangement of the Museum before the date of this visit. New flush fluorescent lighting fixtures were also installed throughout, and the general effect is now much more pleasing than formerly. Exhibits are arranged chrono­ logically, insofar as space and their character permit, and when­ ever possible pictorial material, manuscripts, and relics relating to a specific person, place or event, are all grouped together. The number of pictures shown is materially less than before, but the rooms have a much less cluttered air, and individual items are shown to greater advantage. Several special exhibitions were held during the year. In January the newly acquired Montcalm-Levis Papers were placed on display. Items from the Wolfe, Monckton and Bourla- maque Papers were shown in neighbouring cases, so that visitors could appreciate the wealth of original material relating to the Seven Years' War that is now in the possession of the Archives. A little later, portions of the department's large collection of Canadian bank notes were placed on view. In May, the two original manuscripts of General Wolfe's diary, and the contem­ porary copy of the diary made by Captain Bell, were displayed in the Northcliffe Room. As stated elsewhere in this report, one of the original manuscripts is the property of the McCord Museum, and the other belongs to Brigadier Price, of Quebec City. The Bell copy is the property of the Archives. The centenary of Canadian postage stamps was commem­ orated by an exhibition, also in May, which included the first proof from the plate of the first postage stamp issued in Canada. This stamp was designed by Sir Sandford Fleming, whose 34 PUBLIC ARCHIVES portrait was presented to the Archives by the family while the special exhibit was on display. The proof was found some time ago in one of Sir Sandford's scrap-books, now the property of the department. The 250th anniversary of the founding of Detroit (24th July, 1701), by Captain Antoine de Laumet Lamothe Cadillac, was marked by a small display of documents, pictures and medals. Several items from the Museum and Picture Division were lent to the Detroit Institute of Arts, which organized a remarkable exhibition designed to illustrate the theme, "The French in America, 1520-1880." One of the most important items received and placed on display was the magnificently bound volume relating to the coronation of Louis XV, presented by President Auriol of France to Prime Minister St. Laurent upon the occasion of the former's state visit to Canada. The book attracted much attention among the thousands of visitors who passed through the Museum during the summer tourist season. A small medal, commemorating the coronation of Louis XV, was presented to the Prime Minister at the same time by a retired French soldier, M. Sextius Louis Faraud, of Champey, Haute-Sa6ne, France. Mr. St. Laurent transferred the medal to the Numismatics Section of the Museum, and it was dis­ played along with the volume received from President Auriol. Items added to the Museum collections included the following: A copy of the Book of Remembrance, containing "the names of the 866 personnel of the Corps of the Royal Canadian Engi­ neers who made the supreme sacrifice during the Second World War." The volume itself was deposited in the Kitchener Memorial Chapel, in St. Paul's Cathedral, London, in 1951. The facsimile was the gift of the Military Engineers Association of Canada. A portrait bust, in bronze, of Sir John A. Macdonald by Lionel Fosbery was acquired during the year. An Indian war club, said to have been used in the War of 1812, was presented by Chief Johnson Paudash, of Lindsay, Ontario. A number of relics taken from cairns and camp sites in the Arctic were sent to the Archives by the Department of Resources and Development. REPORT FOR THE YEAR 1951 35 From Mrs. M. B. Hope, of Ottawa, the Museum received a gramophone record made during the Confederation Jubilee, July 1, 1927. One side carries a speech made by the Rt. Hon. W. L. Mackenzie King upon the occasion of the inauguration of the carillon in the Peace Tower; the reverse is a recording of "O Canada!" and "God Save the King" as played on the carillon by Percival Price. Numismatics Section Interest in this Section of the Museum continues to grow, as do the numismatic collections. The Canadian Numismatic Association maintains a close contact with the Section, and many meetings of its Ottawa members are held in the Archives building. In addition to the Louis XV coronation medal to which reference has already been made, acquisitions of interest to numismatists included the following: A collection of 300 miscellaneous coins and tokens, the gift of Mr. Marcel Lavoie, of Ottawa. A Crimean War silver medal, with ribbon and three bars (Alma, Inkerman and Sebastopol), from Mr. L. Ewing Scott, of Los Angeles. Four bronze medals commemorating the founding of Detroit in 1701, received from the Eaton Chemical and Dye- stuffs Company, of Windsor, Ontario. The Department of National Defence (Army) kindly made available a series of 15 decorations, medals and campaign stars, issued during and after the Second World War, together with the Long Service and Efficiency decorations. The official seal of the old Department of Munitions and Supply was presented by the new Department of Defence Production. LIBRARY The general condition of the Library improved markedly during the year. Substantial progress was made in the re- cataloguing of the collection, and much material found to be outside the specialized field of the Archives was removed from the shelves. A large accumulation of government publications in the basement was sorted; duplicates and other unwanted material was disposed of. In many instances the government agencies which originally published the items in question were 36 PUBLIC ARCHIVES glad to have them back, since the majority were old and long out of print. Others were taken over by the distribution office of the King's Printer. An effort must soon be made to sort and check the large newspaper collection that has grown up in the Archives over a long period of years. Many of the files—especially the early ones—are both very rare and of great historical value. These present no problem, as they occupy relatively little space, and are printed on paper of good quality. It is quite otherwise in the case of the newspapers published more recently, and par­ ticularly since about 1900. These are very bulky, and the paper itself is so poor that many of them are literally falling to pieces. In spite of this, some of the original files should probably be retained. In most instances, however, microfilm copies appear to be the only means whereby the contents of the papers can be kept available permanently for research purposes. Other libraries in Ottawa, notably the Library of Parliament, are faced with this same problem, and it is obvious that policy decisions should only be made after consultation with them. As in other recent years, acquisitions have almost all fallen into one of three categories, namely, new publications relating to the history of Canada; bibliographies, indexes, etc., that would assist the staff in their reference work; and volumes that filled gaps in the collection. Over 800 volumes were added to the Library in 1951. Books and pamphlets now number approximately 62,000, not including newspapers, nor the unsorted and duplicate material stored in the basement. A total of 6,994 cards were added to the catalogue. In addition to the large number of books used in the Library itself for immediate reference work, over 4,500 books were charged out for use by readers in the search room, or by the staff elsewhere in the building. Many most useful items were received by gift or exchange from the Ontario Archives, the Toronto Public Library, the Detroit Public Library, the Library of the Bureau of Statistics, the Geographical Branch of the Department of Mines and Tech­ nical Surveys, and the Legislative Library of Saskatchewan. In the course of the year it was found possible to check the great number of miscellaneous publications that came to the Archives some time ago from the library of the late H. J. Morgan. These were found to include many rare Canadian publications; in some instances the Morgan copy is the only one known to be in existence. REPORT FOR THE YEAR 1951 37 PUBLICATIONS DIVISION Seven items were published by the Division in 1951. Two of these were the English and French editions of the Report of the Public Archives for the year 1950. In accordance with the new policy which became effective last year, the Report was issued as a separate publication; catalogues, inventories, etc., were issued independently. The Descriptive Catalogue of a Collection of water-colour drawings by Alfred Jacob Miller, to which reference was made in my last report, was published in the spring of 1951. A French edition appeared later in the year. Seven of the forty Miller paintings in the department's collection are reproduced in this catalogue. The Index to the Confederation Debates of 1865, compiled at McGill University by Murray A. Lapin, and edited and revised by J. S. Patrick, of this Division, received a warm welcome from scholars when it was issued last autumn. Professor F. R. Scott, who first suggested to Mr. Lapin that he should compile the index, kindly contributed an introduction explaining the nature and importance of the memorable debates of 1865. The first of the Preliminary Inventory series, the appearance of which the department regards as an important landmark, was ready for the press in June. Two other inventories had been printed (and for convenience issued in a single cover) by the end of the year. Particulars of the series to date are as follows:

Published in 1951: Record Group 10: Indian Affairs. Record Group 11: Department of Public Works. Record Group 12: Department of Transport.

In preparation: Record Group 19: Department of Finance. Manuscript Group 1: Transcripts, microfilms, etc., of records in the Archives des Colonies, Paris. Manuscript Group 11: Transcripts, microfilms, etc., Colonial Uce Records in the Public Record xe, London, 38 PUBLIC ARCHIVES Copies of the Preliminary Inventory series are sent auto­ matically to all institutions on the mailing list of the Public Archives, and they may be obtained free of charge on application by individuals.

LAURIER HOUSE The Laurier House Act (Statutes of Canada, 1951, Chap. 19) placed Laurier House under the control of the Dominion Archivist. This fine old residence, located at 335 Laurier Avenue East, Ottawa, was built in 1850 by John Leslie. In 1897, through the generosity of political friends, it became the property of Sir Wilfrid Laurier, Prime Minister of Canada from 1896 to 1911. Sir Wilfrid and Lady Laurier resided in the house for the rest of their lives. Sir Wilfrid died in 1919; Lady Laurier's death occurred in November, 1921. In her will she bequeathed the residence.to the Rt. Hon. W. L. Mackenzie King, who had succeeded Sir Wilfrid as Leader of the Liberal Party, and was to become Prime Minister only a month after her death. Subsequently the Hon. P. C. Larkin and other personal friends of Mr. King's contributed generously towards the cost of reconstructing and refurnishing the building. Laurier House was Mr. King's town residence until his death, in July, 1950. When his will was read it was found to include the following paragraphs: "For many years it has been my intention to bequeath Laurier House to the Government and people of Canada, in the belief that as the years pass, the citizens of Canada will take an increasing interest and pride in the preservation of a house occupied through many years by two of Canada's Prime Ministers and reminiscent of an environment that was a part of their daily lives. "It has been my hope that such a bequest might serve also to remind fellow Canadians of the close associa­ tion I enjoyed with Sir Wilfrid and Lady Laurier, and what I owed to their personal friendship; also to emphasize the unity of heart and mind among the Canadian people which Sir Wilfrid and I, throughout our years of office, sought to preserve in the administration of Canada's national affairs. REPORT FOR THE YEAR 1951 39 "The maintenance of the residence as a place of historic interest and contemporary record of days that are gone would also serve the interests of the Canadian people in other ways. The residence might appropriately, I think, be given an immediate association with the Public Archives of Canada. Responsibility for its continued preservation, supervision and use might be placed upon the Dominion Archivist. Accommodation for scholars engaged on work of research in Ottawa is, at present, most inadequate both at the Archives and at the Library of Parliament. In the years of my occupancy of Laurier House, I have done most of my work in the library and adjoining rooms on the top floor. I should particularly welcome the continued use of this portion of the house for purposes of study and research. A direct association with the Archives would not only serve to emphasize the historic significance of the residence, but would help to ensure the interior being maintained much as it is, and would lead naturally to a more appropriate display of important documents and other objects of special interest. I should hope that the dining room and its furnishings, paintings, etc. would be retained much as they are. "I therefore give, devise and bequeath to the Govern­ ment of Canada in trust for the people of Canada the house situated at 335 Laurier Avenue East in the City of Ottawa, and all the contents of the said house except such papers, books, furnishing and other things for the disposal of which I have made provision otherwise in this my Will. "I also give, devise and bequeath to the Govern­ ment of Canada in trust for the people of Canada the sum of Two Hundred and Twenty-Five Thousand Dollars ($225,000), the interest thereon to be used to assist in the maintenance and care of the said house. The said sum of Two Hundred and Twenty-Five Thousand Dollars ($225,000) represents monies which the Honourable Peter C. Larkin and other friends contributed, after the recon­ struction and refurnishing of the residence was completed, to assist me in its upkeep throughout my life, and in meeting, to the end of my life, other personal and public needs, especially such needs as would arise in years of retirement." The Laurier House Act was passed for the purpose of giving effect to Mr. King's wishes and intentions as here expressed. PUBLIC ARCHIVES As soon as it was passed, work began on the very considerable task of so arranging the interior of the building that it could be opened to visitors. It was decided to allow the public to see five of the principal rooms. In four of these—the drawing room, the dining room, Mr. King's bedroom (which had also been Sir Wilfrid Laurier's bedroom), and the third-floor study— changes were held to a minimum, and for all intents and purposes they remain as Mr. King himself knew them. The morning room was converted into a museum, and fitted with show cases in which books, documents, photographs, and a great variety of personal mementoes relating both to Mr. King and Sir Wilfrid Laurier could be placed on display. The building was formally opened by the Prime Minister, the Rt. Hon. Louis S. St. Laurent, on August 1, 1951. By the end of the year over 16,000 persons had visited the building— an average of over 150 per day. Laurier House is open to the public six days a week; it is closed on Mondays. During the winter months the visiting hours are from 2 to 5 p.m.; in summer (June 1 to September 30) it is open from 10 a.m. to 5 p.m., except on Sunday, when the hours are 2 to 5 p.m. Mr. King's suggestion that certain rooms in the house should be made available for use by persons engaged in historical research will be carried into effect by degrees, as circumstances permit. The first persons to be so accommodated are Mr. King's biographer and his assistants. It should be possible to accommodate a few other scholars by the summer of 1952.

OTHER SERVICES The Research Division dealt with 1796 enquiries in the course of the year. As usual, these were of the most diversified character; genealogical questions were perhaps the most numer­ ous of all. The number of the latter that came from persons residing in the United States was striking. Many other enquiries were clearly prompted by current events, and in particular by the visit to Canada of Her Royal Highness the Princess Elizabeth. The appointment of a Canadian to the office of Governor General likewise prompted many historically-minded persons to ask questions. In the bindery, over 850 volumes were bound during 1951; over 600 were in hand when the year ended. Map mounting and many other activities kept the staff fully employed. REPORT FOR THE YEAR 1951 tl A second photographer was added to the staff. Although engaged chiefly in operating the microfilming camera, he has been able to give considerable assistance with other work. Some new equipment on order at the end of the year should increase output, and also considerably improve working con­ ditions. All of which is respectfully submitted.

WM. KAYE LAMB, Dominion Archivist* PUBLIC ARCHIVES

APPENDIX

HUDSON'S BAY COMPANY

RULES AND REGULATIONS GOVERNING ADMISSION TO RESEARCH EITHER ON THE ARCHIVES IN LONDON OR ON THE POSITIVE MICROFILMS IN THE PUBLIC ARCHIVES OF CANADA IN OTTAWA

(i) Except under special circumstances, only the Archives or Micro­ films of Archives of the Hudson's Bay Company up to the year 1870, the date of the Deed of Surrender of Rupert's Land to the Crown, shall be available for inspection. Documents or Micro­ films dated after 1870 shall be produced only on such conditions as the Governor and Committee shall determine. (ii) Applications to work on the Archives or on the Microfilms must be addressed to The Secretary, Hudson's Bay Company, Beaver House, Great Trinity Lane, London, E.C.4., and indicate the definite subject of the proposed research; applications in respect of vague or general subjects cannot be considered. All applica­ tions must be accompanied by two references or letters of recom­ mendation. (iii) Students granted access to the Company's Archives or to the Microfilms in Ottawa must give notice of acceptance of the Company's conditions in writing. (iv) Any extracts taken from the Archives or Microfilms with the permission of the Company's Archivist or the Dominion Archivist, should be brief and limited to extracts strictly pertinent to the I subject in question. (v) No "general collection" of documents or extracts therefrom can be permitted in any circumstances. (vi) Inspection of the Archives or Microfilms is permitted on the express condition that any information obtained therefrom shall be submitted to the Company for approval prior to publication. (vii) In any exceptional case where the Company approves publication, acknowledgment shall be made in the following terms:— "Published by permission of the Governor and Committee of the Hudson's Bay Company". (viii) No extracts taken from the Archives or the Microfilms may be transmitted to third parties without the Company's prior per- REPORT 4FOR THE YEAR 1951 43 (ix) No extracts taken from the Archives or the Microfilms may be deposited in University or other Libraries without the Company's prior permission. (x) Students are reminded that they work on the Archives or the Microfilms by the courtesy of the Hudson's Bay Company and that the Company itself has undertaken the duty of making its Archives public. (xi) Reference to the "Company" shall always mean to the Governor and Committee at Beaver House, Great Trinity Lane, London, E.C.4. By order of the Governor and Committee of the Hudson's Bay Company,

R. A. REYNOLDS, Secretary. 1st. January, 1951.