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Traditional Martial Arts As Intangible Cultural Heritage L IVING H ERITAGE S ERIES

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Traditional Martial Arts As Intangible Cultural Heritage L IVING H ERITAGE S ERIES L IVING H ERITAGE S ERIES Traditional Martial Arts As Intangible Cultural Heritage L IVING H ERITAGE S ERIES Traditional Martial Arts As Intangible Cultural Heritage © 2020 ICHCAP and ICM Published by ICHCAP, 95 Seohak-Ro, Wansan-Gu, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do, 55101 Republic of Korea ICM, 577, Geumneung-dong, Chungju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, 27438 Republic of Korea Cover photo © Budiman Hardijanto, Bernard II Recirdo, Raimon Bjordalen, Youngseok Seo Excutive Publishers KEUM Gi Hyung, PARK Chang Hyun Editors-in-Chief Park Seong-Yong, Ryu Seok-Yeol Editorial Sta! Gyuri Bak, Yunsuk Jang, Kanghyeok Lee, Nanoï Lauwaert Copy Editor Joe Haining Layout and Design Graphic Korea The ideas and opinions expressed in this book are those of the authors and do not represent the views of the editorial board, ICHCAP, and ICM. ISBN 979-11-969642-2-1 Supported by CONTENTS Congratulatory Remarks | 005 Lee Si-jong ICM Preface | 007 PARK Chang Hyun ICHCAP Preface | 009 KEUM Gi Hyung Introduction | 012 Park Seong-Yong and Ryu Seok-Yeol Capoeira, Its Value as ICH and the Open | 016 Martial Arts: Fundamental Values for | 120 School Project: Experiences and Re!ections Encounter and Reconciliation Ọbádélé Kambon, PhD Soraia Chung Saura; Cristiano Barreira; Ana Cristina Zimmermann Challenges Facing Vietnamese Traditional | 028 Martial Arts Seen from a Case Study of Mexican Xilam as a Gateway to (In)tangible | 132 Bach Ho Pre-Hispanic Cultural Heritage Nguyen Ky Nam; Tran Van Dung George Jennings From Olympic Sport to UNESCO Intangible | 040 Myanmar Thaing | 144 Cultural Heritage: Okinawa Karate Between Thu Thu Aung Local, National, and International Identities in Contemporary Japan Nillaikalakki Silambam | 158 Eduardo González de la Fuente; Andreas Niehaus Munieswaran Krishna Kumar Hakkoku Jūkendō Renmei: Development of | 054 Old Polish Sabre Fencing | 170 Jūdō in Brazil Zbigniew Sawicki, PhD Gustavo Goulart Braga Maçaneiro; Emerson Franchini Preserving Korean Body Culture in Traditional | 182 Intangible Cultural Heritage of Traditional | 066 Dance and Martial Arts Wrestling Styles in Central Asia Sanko Lewis, PhD Andrii Vorontsov; Georgiy Korobeynikov Religious and Martial Practice in Chinese | 194 Kalaripayat: Indigenous Martial Art Tradition | 076 Villages: Ritual Aspect of Traditional Chinese of Kerala Martial Arts B. Venugopal, PhD Dr. Ernest Kozin Lucha Leonesa (Leonese Wrestling) | 086 Safeguarding the History and Culture of | 206 José Antonio Robles-Tascón; Carlos Gutiérrez-García Pencak Silat in Singapore: An Intangible Cultural Heritage of the Malays in Singapore Local Di$usion of Xinyi/Xingyiquan in Shanxi | 100 Dr. Mohamed E"endy Province, China: A Living Heritage Shaped by Ancient Merchant Culture Taekwondo and Peace Studies: A | 218 Laurent Chircop-Reyes Reconceptualization of the Con!ict between Taekwondo’s Governing Bodies Maintenance of Cultural Identity in a Shared | 110 John A. Johnson, PhD Context: Kırkpınar Traditional Oil Wrestling Dr. Ahmet Erman Aral Vernacular Martial Arts: Culture, Continuity, | 230 and Combat Thomas A. Green 005 Congratulatory Remarks I offer my congratulations on the publication of Living Heritage Series: Traditional Martial Arts, a project aimed at introducing various martial arts around the world. Martial arts are traditional sports and precious cultural heritage that embody the history, culture, religion, and philosophy of each country. However, most martial arts have for a long time not been able to gain the same traction as modern sports, and thus have not been transmitted and developed systematically. The publication of Living Heritage Series: Traditional Martial Arts is expected to promote interest in diverse martial arts from around the world and raise awareness about their value as intangible cultural heritage, which will contribute to preserving and transmitting the martial arts of different countries. between ICM and ICHCAP, in commemoration of the 70th anniversary of the Republic of Korea’s accession to UNESCO. I hope the two organizations will have great success in promoting martial arts and intangible cultural heritage. Chungcheongbuk-do Province, as a global hub of martial arts, will also make all possible efforts to transmit and develop martial arts. I extend my gratitude and appreciation to all who have put time and effort into publishing this book. Lee Si-jong Chairperson, ICM Governing Board Governor of North Chungcheong Province 007 ICM Preface Martial arts are intimately linked with the history of humankind, serving in prehistoric times as a means of hunting, for people to protect themselves and their families, enjoy and spirit. Considering that martial arts have evolved and developed into various systems in every corner of the world, I believe this imbues them with an invaluable cultural heritage that has been enriched by human wisdom and philosophy. It is highly significant and valuable that the joint publication of Living Heritage Series: Traditional Martial Arts is the fruit of cooperation between ICM and ICHCAP in commemoration of the 70th anniversary of the Republic of Korea’s accession to UNESCO. Featuring contributions from experts in different arenas, Living Heritage Series: Traditional Martial Arts presents the history, transmission status, and cultural value of martial arts in a number of countries and addresses how to preserve and transmit the martial arts at risk of extinction. I believe this publication will be a valuable asset to the two organizations committed to preserving a diversity of cultures and enhancing mutual understanding and communication among different regions and countries. ICM will continue to play a key part not only in strengthening cultural diversity by promoting the martial arts of the world, but also in providing quality education, realizing gender equality, and seeking good health and wellbeing of humankind by harnessing the value of martial arts. I would like to extend my deepest gratitude to the contributors and my colleagues at ICM and ICHCAP for their endeavors in publishing Living Heritage Series: Traditional Martial Arts. Thank you. PARK Chang Hyun Secretary-General International Centre of Martial Arts for Youth Development and Engagement under the auspices of UNESCO 009 ICHCAP Preface A global sense of crisis in respect of the degradation of intangible cultural heritage (ICH) as a result of globalization and urbanization greatly contributed to the adoption and implementation in 2003 of the UNESCO Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage. Based on the 2003 Convention, the International Information and Networking Centre for Intangible Cultural Heritage in the Asia-Pacific Region under the auspices of UNESCO (ICHCAP) has dedicated its efforts to safeguarding and enhancing ICH One of ICHCAP’s various projects for safeguarding ICH is the publication of books with the aim of raising interest in ICH, as well as gathering, documenting, and safeguarding information and discourses regarding ICH. In particular, the Living Heritage Series, a serial publication of books focusing on the regional and national transmission and safeguarding of by UNESCO and enhance the visibility of this crucial value by introducing the ICH of various regions and themes. ICHCAP published the first book in the Living Heritage Series, Traditional Medicine , in 2017, and Tug-of-war Rituals and Games and Traditional Food in 2018 and 2019, respectively. The fourth book of the Living Heritage Series was developed in collaboration with International Centre of Martial Arts for Youth Development and Engagement under the auspices of UNESCO (ICM) under the theme of traditional martial arts, for which papers were gathered through an open call for submissions. Traditional martial arts, an important ICH element for the sustainable lives of communities and humanity, is a theme that will effectively contribute to the achievement of the UN Sustainable Development Goals. ICHCAP has so far exerted its efforts to showcase cultural diversity through the introduction of traditional martial arts from each region and the sharing of ICH values and experiences. This book is the outcome of the collaboration between ICHCAP and ICM in addition to relevant institutions and expert groups. Living Heritage Series: Traditional Martial Arts introduces traditional martial arts that are performed around the world, featuring papers written by authors from a number of different countries. Martial arts comprise a kind of ICH element that is transmitted and developed in close linkage with the history and identity of each individual and community, allowing practitioners to refine themselves and overcome their limitations through the philosophies and values of martial arts have permeated lives within each community 010 through the repetition of transmission, transition, and recreation over generations, thereby contributing to the establishment of healthy societies. A myriad of stories involving traditional martial arts will guide the readers of this book to explore the intangible value of traditional martial arts. At a time when the entire world is affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, I hope that traditional martial arts as introduced by this book will contribute to this crisis through wisdom. Many people contributed their outstanding support in the lead-up to the publication of Living Heritage Series: Traditional Martial Arts. I would like to extend my appreciation for traditional martial arts as an ICH element and introducing their value to the world through the publication of this book.
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