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The Emergence of Radical/Critical Geography Within North America
The Emergence of Radical/Critical Geography within North America Linda Peake1 Urban Studies Program, Department of Social Science York University, Canada [email protected] Eric Sheppard Department of Geography University of California, Los Angeles, USA [email protected] Abstract In this paper we aim to provide a historical account of the evolution of Anglophone radical/critical geography in North America. Our account is structured chronologically. First, we examine the spectral presence of radical / critical geography in North America prior to the mid-sixties. Second, we narrate the emergence of both radical and critical geography between 1964 / 1969 until the mid-1980s, when key decisions were taken that moved radical / critical geography into the mainstream of the discipline. Third, we examine events since the mid- 1980s, as radical geography merged into critical geography, becoming in the process something of a canon in mainstream Anglophone human geography. We conclude that while radical / critical geography has succeeded in its aim of advancing critical geographic theory, it has been less successful in its aim of 1 Published under Creative Commons licence: Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 2 Eric’s first exposure was as an undergraduate at Bristol in 1971 when the newly hired lecturer Keith Bassett, freshly returned from Penn State, brought a stack of Antipodes to one of his lectures. Linda’s radical awakening also came in the UK, in the late 1970s courtesy of her lecturers at Reading University. Sophie Bowlby took her The Emergence of Radical/Critical Geography in North America 306 increasing access to the means of knowledge production to become a peoples’ geography that is grounded in a desire for working towards social change. -
Approaches to Human Geography 00-Aitken-3325-Prelims.Qxd 11/24/2005 7:20 PM Page Ii 00-Aitken-3325-Prelims.Qxd 11/24/2005 7:20 PM Page Iii
00-Aitken-3325-Prelims.qxd 11/24/2005 7:20 PM Page i Approaches to Human Geography 00-Aitken-3325-Prelims.qxd 11/24/2005 7:20 PM Page ii 00-Aitken-3325-Prelims.qxd 11/24/2005 7:20 PM Page iii Approaches to Human Geography Edited by Stuart Aitken and Gill Valentine SAGE Publications London ●●Thousand Oaks New Delhi 00-Aitken-3325-Prelims.qxd 11/24/2005 7:20 PM Page iv Editorial arrangement, part introductions, Chapters 1 and 29 © Stuart Aitken and Gill Valentine 2006 Chapter 2 © Rob Kitchin 2006 Chapter 14 © David Ley 2006 Chapter 3 © J. Nicholas Entrikin and Chapter 15 © David Harvey 2006 John H.Tepple 2006 Chapter 16 © Robin A. Kearns 2006 Chapter 4 © Deborah P.Dixon and Chapter 17 © Vera Chouinard 2006 John Paul Jones III 2006 Chapter 18 © Linda McDowell 2006 Chapter 5 © George Henderson and Eric Chapter 19 © Richa Nagar 2006 Sheppard 2006 Chapter 20 © Lawrence Knopp 2006 Chapter 6 © Reginald G. Golledge 2006 Chapter 21 © Janice Monk 2006 Chapter 7 © Isabel Dyck and Chapter 22 © A. Stewart Fotheringham 2006 Robin A. Kearns 2006 Chapter 23 © Michael F.Goodchild 2006 Chapter 8 © Andrew Sayer 2006 Chapter 24 © Paul Rodaway 2006 Chapter 9 © David B. Clarke 2006 Chapter 25 © Michael Samers 2006 Chapter 10 © Paul Harrison 2006 Chapter 26 © Kim England 2006 Chapter 11 © Fernando J. Bosco 2006 Chapter 27 © John W. Wylie 2006 Chapter 12 © Clive Barnett 2006 Chapter 28 © Paul Robbins 2006 Chapter 13 © Gerard Rushton 2006 First published 2006 Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research or private study, or criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act, 1988, this publication may be reproduced, stored or transmitted in any form, or by any means, only with the prior permission in writing of the publishers, or in the case of reprographic reproduction, in accordance with the terms of licences issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency. -
Marxism and Geography in the Anglophone World
Essay Neil Smith Marxism and Geography in the Anglophone World In October 1997 an article appeared in the impeccably bourgeois magazine, the New Yorker, which championed Karl Marx as the “next new thinker”. Down on Wall Street, wrote John Cassidy, there is a new appreciation for Marx’s understanding of capitalism, and a sense that Marx anticipated brilliantly what so-called globalization was all about th (Cassidy 1997). The impending 150 anniversary of The Communist Manifesto intensified the clamour. As Marx and Engels famously wrote there, the bourgeoisie “creates a world after its own image”, and so with the dragon of international socialism apparently slain after 1989, despite local holdouts in Cuba and North Korea, and with Marx no longer the demon of capital, expectant young Wall Street financiers could embrace Marx’s vivid depiction of capitalism as a remarkably prescient portrait of the neo-liberal global order they themselves strove to create. Marx had brilliantly anticipated globalization, and Wall Street thought it was a good thing. But the “Marx boom” of 1997-98 quickly fizzled as capitalism itself turned sour. The Asian economic crisis exploded, Indonesia’s Suharto was overthrown in a deadly revolt, and the economic malaise spread to Brazil, Mexico and Russia. Marx, it seemed, still had a sting in his tail. Reading Das Kapital to understand how capitalism really worked was one thing. But the same Das Kapital also seemed to teach that economic depression was endemic to capitalism, the stock market was a giant swindle, the Asian economic crisis – rooted in overproduction in Thailand and generalized into the region’s currency and security markets – was a classic capitalist crisis, and that political struggle is equally endemic to capitalism. -
Historical Materialism and Marxism 51 Don Mitchell 6 Feminisms 66 Joanne Sharp 7 Poststructuralism 79 Deborah P
Part II Theoretical Intersections 5 Historical Materialism and Marxism 51 Don Mitchell 6 Feminisms 66 Joanne Sharp 7 Poststructuralism 79 Deborah P. Dixon and John Paul Jones III 8 Psychoanalytic Approaches 108 Paul Kingsbury 9 Performativity: A Geography of Unknown Lands 121 Nigel Thrift Chapter 5 Historical Materialism and Marxism Don Mitchell Historical Materialism offers to study social process in its totality; that is, it offers to do this when it appears, not as another “sectoral” history – as economic, political, intellec- tual history, as history of labour, or as “social history” defined as yet another sector – but as a total history of society, in which all other histories are convened. E. P. Thompson (1978: 70) The first sustained attempt to develop historical materialism within cultural geog- raphy was by Denis Cosgrove.1 Cosgrove (1983: 1) argued that “[b]oth Marxism and cultural geography commence at the same ontological point.” Both “insist on characterizing the relationship between humans and nature as historical.” But his- torical materialism differs from cultural geography by also insisting that humans “make their own history and themselves.” Cosgrove argued that culture was best understood as “the production and reproduction of material life [as] necessarily a collective art, mediated in consciousness and sustained through modes of commu- nication,” and that cultural geographers needed to come to terms with the key debates that animated historical-materialist and Marxist theories of determination. Historical Materialism . The general philosophical position of materialism begins from the fundamental assertion that “matter” is the “primary substance of all living and non-living things” (Williams 1983: 197). -
Gentrification and the Ethics of Home Katherine Joanne Nopper
† Designated as an Exemplary Final Project for 2017-18 Gentrification and the Ethics of Home Katherine Joanne Nopper Faculty Advisor: Joseph Richard Winters Religious Studies African and African American Studies April 2018 This project was submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in the Graduate Liberal Studies Program in the Graduate School of Duke University. Copyright by Katherine Joanne Nopper 2018 Abstract Gentrification is the subject of a recent wave of books and scholarship, continuing debates regarding the responsibilities of the “gentrifiers” and the impact of gentrifying landscapes on marginalized communities. This project looks in a different direction, using a multi-media approach to investigate the ethics of home in relation to aesthetics, architecture, capitalism and the culture industry. Strongly informed by the critical thought of Theodor Adorno, five essays bring multiple disciplines and theories together: Marxist geography (David Harvey, Neil Smith), architecture (Sarah Goldhagen, Lester Walker), philosophy and history (Walter Benjamin, Adorno), African American literature (Octavia Butler, Toni Morrison, Pauli Murray), and decolonial literature and thought (Ousmane Sembène, Franz Fanon, Aimé Césaire). Incorporating citations and literary passages, as well as the author’s own photography and linocut prints, the project images the contradictions inherent in the idea of home and emphasizes the impossibility of living an ethical life under capitalism. iii Contents Introduction………………………………...………………………………….1 Chapter One: Accumulation………………………………………………………....7 Chapter Two: Environment…………………………………...……………………30 Chapter Three: Proximity…………………………………………………….52 Chapter Four: Fetish…………………………………………………….……67 Chapter Five: Gentrifier…………………………………………………..….90 Bibliography…………………………………………………..……………103 iv Acknowledgments In my first weeks at Duke I was fortunate to meet my advisor, recognizing even then that my studies here would be profoundly influenced by our conversations and his enthusiasm. -
International Geographical Union Commission on Gender and Geography
INTERNATIONAL GEOGRAPHICAL UNION COMMISSION ON GENDER AND GEOGRAPHY Newsletter No. 55 November, 2015 From the Commission Chair Shirlena Huang, National University of Singapore The key event for the Commission since my last message was the 2015 IGU Regional Conference in Moscow on 7-21 August. Held at the imposing buildings of the Lomonosov Moscow State University (LMSU), the papers focused around the overall theme of “Geography, Culture and Society for Our Future Earth”. Our Commission organized 5 sessions, including two co-sponsored with other Commissions and each with 3-5 papers. Themes were: • Gendered Crime and Spaces • Factors Affecting Women’s Education: Gender, Space, Culture and Society • Gendered Life Courses • Gendered Activisms in Asia (co-organised with the Commission on Political Geography) • The Geographies of International Student Migration (co-organised with the Population Geography Commission) In addition, I had the honour of presenting a Plenary Lecture on behalf of the Commission as Recipient of the Inaugural IGU Award for Best Commission which we received in 2014. The paper, “A Continuing Agenda for Gender”, was a collaborative effort by Janet Momsen, Janice Monk, Maria Dolors Garcia Ramon, Joos Droogleever Fortuijn and myself. It discussed the challenges faced by and contributions of the Commission over its 27-year history, and also considered the role the Commission can continue to play in the future. The IGU Gender and Geography Commission has come a long way since it was first established as a Study Group at the 1988 IGU Congress in Sydney – not without some struggles given that gender was not then acknowledged by all geographers as an area worthy of geographical research. -
Neil Smith, 1954-2012: Radical Geography, Marxist Geographer, Revolutionary Geographer
1 Neil Smith, 1954-2012: Radical Geography, Marxist Geographer, Revolutionary Geographer Don Mitchell Department of Geography, Syracuse University and Advanced Research Collaborative, Graduate Center City University of New York September 29, 2013 "Although we found it easy to be brilliant, we always found it confusing to be good." Salman Rushdie, Midnight's Children (quotation found pinned to the bulletin board in Neil Smith’s study when passed away) Neil Smith hated hagiography. He would rail against it in his history and theory of geography seminars at Rutgers University in the early 1990s, holding up what he thought were particularly egregious examples: obituaries published in the Annals. Hagiography for Neil was the antithesis of what our disciplinary history ought to be: it was uncritical and celebratory, when what were needed were hard-nosed engagements with ideas, with real histories that understood ideas as the product of struggle and error as well as genius and insight. Even worse, hagiography extracted its subject from history, setting him (usually him) apart from the world as a lone genius rather than fully ensconcing him in messy social (and personal) practices, situating ideas within the social (and personal) histories from which they emerged. Hagiography had little room to show how what was genius in someone’s ideas might be inextricably linked to, indeed very much a function of both social context and what was flawed or less savory in that person. Hagiography denies that ideas are embodied. Neil’s ideas were embodied. 2 Indeed, David Harvey calls Neil “the perfect practicing Marxist – completely defined by his contradictions.”1 Born in Leith, the old port of Edinburgh, and raised one of four children of a school teaching father and homemaking mother in Dalkeith, a small working-class town to the southeast of the city, Neil had an indestructible passion for the natural world, starting with his native Midlothian landscape and quickly spiraling out, for birdwatching, and for gardening, and he became geography’s preeminent urban theorist. -
Abstract Geographies of Neoliberal Regulation And
ABSTRACT GEOGRAPHIES OF NEOLIBERAL REGULATION AND THE EVERYDAY URBAN EXPERIENCE: A CASE STUDY OF OVER-THE-RHINE, CINCINNATI Jean-Paul David Addie This thesis analyses the impacts of neoliberal urbanism through conducting a qualitative case study of the inner-city neighbourhood of Over-the-Rhine, Cincinnati. Drawing upon the geographic concept of 'actually existing' neoliberalism, combined with in-depth interviews with neighbourhood organisations, community advocacy groups and residents in Over-the-Rhine, I explore the complex, often contradictory and dialectical relationships between neoliberal regulatory-institutional restructuring, the production of urban space, and the practices of everyday life. Played out against a background of racial tension and civil unrest, the creation of a new, neoliberal institutional landscape in Over-the-Rhine politically and economically disenfranchises the most marginalised neighbourhood inhabitants through re-articulating urban and political space, and re-imagining the ideological form and function of the inner city and the urban poor. I assert the significance of place-based studies to explore the place-specific articulations of neoliberal urbanism and in doing so, present directions for future research. GEOGRAPHIES OF NEOLIBERAL REGULATION AND THE EVERYDAY URBAN EXPERIENCE: A CASE STUDY OF OVER-THE-RHINE, CINCINNATI A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Miami University in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Department of Geography by Jean-Paul David Addie Miami University -
GEO 603 Development of Geographic Thought Fall 2020
GEO 603 Development of Geographic Thought Fall 2020 Bob Wilson Department of Geography Monday, 2:15-5:00pm Eggers 155 Office: Eggers 533 Email: [email protected] Office Hours: Happy to meet with students via Zoom (email me to make an appointment) Overview This graduate seminar examines the development of geographic thought and changes in the discipline of geography from the early twentieth century to the present. It focuses on continuities in geographic thought over that time—the reoccurring debates and issues that geographers have wrestled with for decades. But the seminar also addresses discontinuities—the profound methodological and conceptual changes throughout the discipline’s twentieth and twenty-first century histories. As David Livingstone wrote, geography has always been a contested enterprise. This seminar will help you better understand what ideas geographers contested and what was at stake in past and current debates. While this class will give you a firmer conceptual grounding for your MA or PhD research in geography and other disciplines, it will also to help you better understand the approaches of other geographers. Geography is a broad discipline that includes perspectives from the social sciences, natural sciences, and the humanities. You are probably already developing expertise in one of these three broad areas. In this course, you will need to do your best to understand how geographers using conceptual and methodological approaches far different from your own make sense of the world. Evaluation 30% Seminar Attendance, Participation, and Leading/Fostering Discussion 20% Response Papers (4) 50% Final Seminar Paper about Sub-Field in Geography Seminar Attendance, Participation, and Leading Discussion (30%) Students are expected to attend all classes and come ready to participate in class discussions. -
Pluralizing Labor Geography Jamie Peck Introduction
Pluralizing labor geography Jamie Peck Forthcoming in GL Clark, MP Feldman, MS Gertler & D Wójcik (eds) The New Oxford handbook of economic geography. Oxford: Oxford University Press Introduction: constructions of labor geography There are few issues that illustrate the differences between the generally heterodox field of economic geography and the more orthodox world of geographical Economics than the treatment of labor. In orthodox terms, labor principally appears as an abstraction, traded on labor markets at a price, the wage, which in turn is taken as a measure of human-capital endowments and the balance of supply and demand. In contrast, once economic geographers opened up the black box of the production function, starting after the late 1970s to venture into the workplace itself, labor would no longer be seen as a disembodied “factor” of production. Having begun to pose the “labor question,” economic geographers soon found themselves on the terrain of class and gender relations; they were dealing with politics and institutions, with industrial disputes, and more. This was the beginning of “labor geography,” the non-linear trajectories and shifting concerns of which are the focus of this chapter. Necessarily selective, the chapter cuts a path through a variegated and evolving body of work that amongst other things has mapped the shifting politics of production, together with old and new forms of labor organization; that has problematized the workplace, as a site of struggle and as a place for the performance and (re)production of social identities; that has tracked the restructuring of labor markets, as spaces of socioinstitutional stress and regulatory transformation; and that has utilized labor (and labor relations) as a diagnostic, as the key to understanding different (local) varieties of capitalism, economies of care and reproduction, and alternative modes of socioeconomic organization. -
Vita, Nancy Ettlinger
CV, NANCY ETTLINGER Contact Information Department of Geography 1036 Derby Hall 154 North Oval Mall office tel.: (614) 292-2573 Ohio State University e-mail: [email protected] Columbus, Ohio 43210-1361 fax: (614) 292-6213 Education Ph.D., 1984 Geography, University of Oklahoma M.A., 1980 Geography, University of Oklahoma B.A., 1977 Anthropology, Hamilton College, Clinton NY Current and Past Positions 2015-present Professor, Department of Geography, Ohio State University 2006-present Associate Faculty, Department of Comparative Studies, Ohio State University 2001-present Associate Faculty, Women’s Studies, Ohio State University 1993-2015 Associate Professor, tenured, Department of Geography, Ohio State University 1988-1993 Assistant Professor, tenure-track, Department of Geography, Ohio State University 1987-1988 Courtesy appointment, Assistant Professor, Department of Economics, University of Nebraska 1985-1988 Temporary Assistant Professor, Department of Geography, University of Nebraska 1984-1985 Visiting Assistant Professor, Department of Geography, University of Connecticut General Research Interests critical human geography poststuctural theory and epistemology governance of neoliberal life culture and economy systems of production, consumption and social in/justice critical health studies segregation radical democracy networks Peer-Reviewed Journal Publications Ettlinger, N. and Hartmann, C. 2015. Post/neo/liberalism in relational perspective. Political Geography 48: 37-48. Ettlinger, N. 2014. The openness paradigm. New Left Review 89: 89-100. Ettlinger, N. 2014. Delivering on poststructural ontologies: epistemological challenges and strategies. ACME: An International E-Journal for Critical Geographies 13: 589-598. CV, Ettlinger, June 2015 2 Ettlinger, N. 2013. The production of precariousness and implications for collective action: a reply to Emiliana Armano and Annalisa Murgia. -
Ernste, H. (2008) Critical Geography in Post-Modern Times. In
1 Critical geography in post-modern times Huib Ernste1 Abstract This contribution is dedicated to Associate Prof. dr. Ton van Naerssen - a highly esteemed member of the Department of Human Geography at the Radboud University Nijmegen who is retiring this year. He became a member of the department during the turbulent early seventies (1973), as a strong representative of, at that time, the emerging radical and critical geography approach which focussed on creating a better world, especially for those in developing countries. During the many years that he continued his research at the department and educated many new young scholars, he also experienced the turn of the tide from the ‘classical’, mainly Marxist inspired radical approach, towards the critical approach of today which is much more inspired by post-structural thinking. In this contribution I will try to look back at these developments and changes, and try to ask myself how one can still be critical today? 1. Introduction Many young academics, having their first research experiences in the field of human geography, often struggle with finding a suitable theoretic framework for their research. One part of this struggle is the ambition to make their research matter in a practical, societal context (Massey, 1984). How can one derive practically and politically relevant conclusions from one’s own research? From this perspective, it often does not seem to be enough to just understand current practices. It is also felt as a necessity to make some kind of recommendations for change to create a better future, or at least have the feeling that one’s research leads to something.