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115. Argon G. Hæfte 4. Arhus. Apnl 201 O LEDER: VELKOMMEN TIL DANMARKS NATURKANON! Udgivetaf Na turhistorisk FLoRA Forening for Jylland FAUNA o o • 115. Argon g. Hæfte 4. Arhus. Apnl 201 O LEDER: VELKOMMEN TIL DANMARKS NATURKANON! Danmark fik sin Naturkanon i oktober Orientering blev afløstaf faget ,,Natur plads til i undervisningen. Følger man 2009. Ideen var undfanget afden davæ­ og teknik". Resultatetaf omlægningerne Natutkanons anvisninger,far eleverne et rende miljøminister,Troels Lund Poul­ blev, at kendskabet til naturen blev ringe godt grundlag for at forstå naturen, og sen, og udfonnningen afden sati gangi og tilfældigt. Der skal systematisk un­ manges interesse vil blive fanget. De foråret 2009 afen gruppe, ledet afTho­ dervisning til for at elevernenår langt,så mange problemer med naturen, der er mas Secher Jensen, direktør for Natur­ at de kan slå op i en bog eller på nettet kommet og vil komme, kræverviden og historisk Museum i Århus. Mange fag­ og forstå,hvad de læser. forståelse hos befolkningen,og her er folk er blevet hørt,og resultatet er to Naturkanon et godt værktøj. lister, den ene med 192 naturfænome­ Naturkanon er et forsøg på at rette op ner, den anden med en landsdækkende på denne sørgelige tilstand. Efter min Naturkanon kan ses på www. fortegnelse over steder med interessant mening er det et godt initiativ. Man kan skovognatur.dk og_Naturkanon-dyrene natur i Danmark. Naturfænomenerne altid kritiserevalget afemner, men så findes på www. dækker astronomi,meteorologi, geologi, må mangøre sig klart, at listen ikke kan naturhistoriskmuseum.dk/natur/ zoologiog botanik. være udtømmende, da der er langt flere naturkanon interessante planter og dyr, end der er EigilHolm Det er vigtigt, at hele befolkningenhar et fælles grundlagaf viden og oplevelser, for det er forudsætningen for, at vi kan tale sammen og forstå hinanden. Skolen er den bedstetil den opgave, men også TVog radio kan deltage, idet Naturka­ nons emner er glimrendetil at give ideer til udsendelser. Der er folk, der siger, at børnog unge selv skal vælge, hvad de vilundervises i, for såer interessen der i forvejen. Som gammel lærer vil jeg imødegåden på­ stand,for det er en gammel og evig ung erfaring, at en godlærer kan inspirere eleverne til at interessere sig for de em­ ner, haneller hun underviser i. Og hvor­ dan kan elevernevælge at bliveunder­ vist i noget, de aldrig har om?hørt Natulbnooenef �l ni pa baggrundaf de forslag. d;?,.a l:oovnet indlandet lraheie bl .a.� \WIW.naturtanon.dk. Det gamle fag, naturhistorie, er blevet Naturboonudva'get hareft�o&geode valgt at sammensætte naturkanonenaf 17 forskelige bitegolierudvalgte med216 skrækkeligt forsømt. Først blev den en ebempief p:. danst: natur. del affaget orientering, hvor den blev Det skalna turl:anonent� bruges blandet sammen med historie og geogra­ • U!Jnde._endstabet tJ den dilml..enatur • Bidrag�ti at gM! os allenaturoplevelser Rae fi. En "orienterings"af fortalerebeskrev • Undemøtteden folkelge dialog om natureo faget helt præcist på denne måde: ,,Når • UndeMsiling -bl.a.1 folleskol€0 jeg underviser i VIkingetiden,fortæller Læse mere p:.www.natutkanon.dk jeg, hvordan vikingerne sejledeud for at plyndre og erobre England og gik i land på stranden. Det første, de så, var stran­ dens dyre- og planteliv, og så underviser jeg i det". plantesamfundene - de er håndter­ Fra salteng til strandvoldshede - plantesam­ lige, d.v.s. de er ofte genkendelige fund eller kontinuum? fi'a lokalitet til lokalitet, fordi de er karakteriseret ved visse diagnos­ tiske arter, og de er egnede til kort­ lægning. Va riationen langs gradien­ ter er imidlertid et lige så vigtigt Peter Ves/ergamd1 træk ved vegetationen som fo re­ komsten af plantesamfund, fo rdi omverdensforholdene ofte varierer From salt meadow to beach ridge heath-plant communities o•· gradvist indenfor et landskab. Det­ continuum? te gælder i særlig grad i landskaber, In a coastal beach ridge system at the Danish isle o f Læsø, the Kattegat, hvor kulturindgrebene er begrænse­ the floristic transition behveen salt meadow and beach ridge beath was de, eller i naturlandskaber uden studied by transect analysis during summer 1998. kulturindgreb (Petersen & Petersen The transect analysis included levelling, soil sampling and recording of 2007). cover o f vascular plant species in l x l m quadrats along tlu·ee parallel transects. The soil samples were analysed for specific conductivity, or­ Arbejder man med plantesamfund ganic matter, actual moisture and pH, and the vegetation data were ana­ - eller naturtyper, som det er lysed by Detrended Correspondence Analysis and by Twinspan clas­ aktuelt i forbindelse med NOVA­ sification. NA-overvågningsprogrammet Uf. The data processing revealed the existence of a floristic gradient or con­ Ej rnæs et al. 2007) - bliver man tinuum, from the salt meadow to the heatb, caused by an ecological com­ stillet overfor at skulle afgrænse plex gradient, made up by increasing elevation and declining soil con­ plantesamfhnd eller naturtyper i ductivity, soil organic matter, moisture and pH. But it also revealed that forhold til hinanden. Oftest er the salt meadow and the heath could be seen as plant communities. grænserne ikke skarpe, men stræk­ It was concluded that e ven i f the classification approach to vegetation ker sig over kortere eller længere science is valuable for many practical and scientificpmposes, the study gradienter - det gør det vanskeligt of floristic gradients or continua is al so useful, partly because in large at lægge en grænsesnor i fe lten parts of natura! landscapes, biota are distributed along gradients, partly eller at tegne en streg på kortet. because gradients can supply us with valuable insight in tbe adaptation o f plant species to the environment. l denne artikel fo kuseres på pro­ blemstillingen klassifikation versus Key worcls: Sa lt meaclow, beach ridge heath, classification, plant com­ kontinuum med udgangspunkt i en munity, contimtU/11, gradient, detreneled correspondence analysis, undersøgelse af et strandvoldssy­ twinspan analysis. stem på Læsø. Lokaliteten Læsø er geologisk set en ung ø, der Igennem det 20. århundrede har der med ensartet fordeling af plantear­ for en væsentlig del er opbygget af indenfor vegetationsøkologien væ­ terne på grund af ensartede omver­ strandvolde (Hansen 1995). Arealet ret debat om begrebet plantesam­ dens fo rhold. Ifølge kontinuum-sko­ omkring Københavns Universitets fimd. Kort fortalt har debatten ma­ len fo rdeler de enkelte arter sig u­ fe ltlaboratorium "Lyngholt" på ø­ nifesteret sig i to kontrasterende afllængigt af hinanden, individu­ ens sydøstlige kyst består således opfattelser eller "skoler": Braun­ alistisk, i forhold til sted-til-sted af 25 kystparallelle, sandede Blanquets klassifikationssystem variationen i omverdensforhold strandvolde. Et tværsnit viser en med udgangspunkt i Mellemeuro­ (Whittaker 1975, Kent & Coker mere eller mindre jævn bølgelinie pa, og den amerikansk inspirerede 1992); det er dog ikke i modstrid fra kysten og indefter, hvor kon­ kontinuum-skole. Braun-Blanquet­ med eksistensen af plantesamfund. vekse rygge alternerer med kon­ skolen lægger vægt på eksistensen Traditionelt lægger man i vegeta­ kave lavninger med en højdefor­ af plantesamfimd, d. v. s. områder tionsbeskrivelser størst vægt på skel, som gennemgående er mindre 1Biologisk institut, Københavns Un iversitet, Biodiversitet og Makr oøkologi, Un iversitetsparken J 5, DK-2100 København K. [email protected] Flora og Fauna 115(4): 85-91. Århus 20 10 85 end Y, m. Den indre del af systemet er delvis vokset til med fyrre- og birkeskov, mens den kystnære del henligger med dværgbuskhede på ryggene og salt- og fe rskenge i lavningerne (Vestergaard 2003). Under et ophold på "Lyngholt" i 1998 blev skiftet i vegetationens sammensætning fra en kreatur- og raregræsset salteng (Figur l) til en tilgrænsende strandvoldshede (Fi­ gur 2) undersøgt. Metoder På det udvalgte strandvoldssystem blev der med en indbyrdes afstand på 4 meter etableret tre parallelle, 40-44 meter lange transektlinier (A -C) fra nogle meter inde på salt­ engen til toppen af strandvolden, højdeforskel godt Y, m. Linierne Figur l. Saltengen, set mod sydvest. Til højre strandvolden. Myretuerne er blev markeret med jernrør og efter­ undgået ved placeringen af transektlinierne. Foto Peter Vestergaard, august fø lgende nivelleret i fo rhold til 1998. middelhøjvandslinien (MHV), The gmzed salt 111eadow, bearing Southwest. To the right: the beach ridge. defineret ved den nedre grænse for Duri ng the establishment of the transect lines, the an/lilOlinds were sammenhængende vegetation af avoided. Strand-Annelgræs (Puccine//ia mariti111a) på den nærliggende kyst. Langs med hver transektlinie blev der med en indbyrdes afstand på 4 m placeret l l eller 12 l x l m2 kva­ drater. l kvadraterne blev kat·plan­ tefloraens artssammensætning kvantificeret ved hj ælp af den se­ mi logaritmiske Hult-Sernander 1-5 dækningsgradsskala (Malmer 1974, Petersen & Ve stergaard 2006). No­ menklaturen fø lger Frederiksen et al. (2006). Desuden blev der taget jordprøver til bestemmelse af jor­ dens indhold af organisk stof, aktu­ elle vandindhold, specifikke led­ ningsevne samt pH. Der blev i alt analyseret 34 kvadrater. Materialet blev databehandlet med multivaria­ te metoder Uf. Kent & Coker 1992), dels ordination ved hj ælp af Detrended Correspondence Alla­ lysis (DCA), dels klassifikation ved hj ælp afTwinspan. Til databe­ handlingen blev benyttet program­ Figur 2. Strandvoldsheden, set mod sydvest. Foto Peter Ve stergaard, august 1998. met PC-ORD (McCune & Meffo rd The beach ridge heath, bearing Soutlnvest. 1999). 86 120 4000 ij E 100 • u � (/) r8 13 E' Jooo > 80 " J: ai . :::;: ø " . .. a Il 8 > .. 60 " Q) 2000 > e "' Ol o g " .. 40 . 'E . -o -o Q) 1000 . 'ij' ...J J: 20 ... • • o o o 10 20 30 40 50 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 Afstand, m Højde over MHV, cm Figur 3. Højdeprofiler for transektlinie A-C. MHV: Figw· 4. Specifik ledningsevne i jorden, 0-5 cm, i relation til Middelhøjvandsniveauet. kvadraternes højde over middelhøjvandsniveauet .o·0591' 2 = ,8463 Heighl profiles of lmnsec/ line A - C lv/H V: Mean y=5714 0e ; R 0 highwaler level.
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