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Analysis of the Effects of Rotenone on Aquatic Invertebrates

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Analysis of the Effects of Rotenone on Aquatic Invertebrates APPENDIX D Analysis of the Effects of Rotenone on Aquatic Invertebrates APPENDIX D ERRATA SHEET This technical report was prepared for the Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest. This errata sheet only addresses the technical corrections to the report as a result of the public comments, the agency review process, and conversions with report authors. Technical corrections to the An Analysis of the Effects of Rotenone on Aquatic Invertebrate Assemblages in the Silver King Creek Basin, California, include: Correction of text in Appendix 12, pages 109-191, which incorrectly states that “Abundance data are presented as the estimated number of individuals per square meter”. Corrected text is “Abundance data are presented as the estimated number of individuals per 0.279 square meters”. Please note, to estimate the number of individuals per square meter, multiply abundance figures for taxa by 3.58. AN ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECTS OF ROTENONE ON AQUATIC INVERTEBRATE ASSEMBLAGES IN THE SILVER KING CREEK BASIN, CALIFORNIA Mark R. Vinson, PhD and Deanna K. Vinson June 2007 Prepared for U.S. Forest Service Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest Carson City, NV ii TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Tables ...................................................................................................................iv List of Figures ..................................................................................................................vi Summary....................................................................................................................... viii Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 1 Literature Review ............................................................................................................ 2 Laboratory Studies ............................................................................................... 3 Field Studies ......................................................................................................... 5 Lentic Studies ................................................................................................... 6 Short-term Impacts........................................................................................ 6 Assemblage Recovery................................................................................... 7 Lotic studies ...................................................................................................... 9 Short-term Impacts........................................................................................ 9 Assemblage Recovery................................................................................. 10 Conclusion .......................................................................................................... 13 Rotenone as a disturbance ..................................................................................... 14 Silver King Creek........................................................................................................... 18 Overview ................................................................................................................. 18 Study Area .............................................................................................................. 18 Rotenone Treatments............................................................................................. 22 Sample Collection Methods .................................................................................... 23 Laboratory Methods ................................................................................................ 25 Data Processing ..................................................................................................... 26 Historic Samples ................................................................................................. 26 Recent Samples ................................................................................................. 28 Data Analysis .......................................................................................................... 28 Results.................................................................................................................... 29 Historic Samples ................................................................................................. 29 Treated Versus Untreated Sites ...................................................................... 30 iii Annual Variation .............................................................................................. 31 Variation Among Sampling Stations ................................................................ 33 Rarity .............................................................................................................. 35 Recent Samples ................................................................................................. 38 Treated Versus Untreated Sites ...................................................................... 39 Annual Variation .............................................................................................. 40 Variation Among Sampling Stations ................................................................ 42 Rarity .............................................................................................................. 45 Differences Between Historic and Recent Samples ........................................... 48 Overall Assemblage Differences ..................................................................... 49 Differences Between Treated and Untreated Sites ......................................... 54 Differences Between Treated and Untreated Sites in Recent Samples .......... 56 Conclusions ............................................................................................................ 59 Future Sampling Considerations ................................................................................... 64 Where to sample ............................................................................................. 64 When to sample .............................................................................................. 65 How to sample ................................................................................................ 66 Sample processing ......................................................................................... 67 How to determine sampling adequacy ............................................................ 68 Literature cited .............................................................................................................. 71 List of Appendices ......................................................................................................... 80 iv LIST OF TABLES Table 1. Field studies on the effects of rotenone on lentic invertebrates ........................ 8 Table 2. Field studies on the effects of rotenone on lentic invertebrates ...................... 12 Table 3. Rotenone formula, concentration, and duration for treatments conducted in the Silver King Creek Basin between 1964 and 1993 ......................................................... 23 Table 4. Aquatic invertebrate sampling locations .......................................................... 24 Table 5. Aquatic invertebrate sample availability ......................................................... 25 Table 6. Mean + SD and results of ANOVA to evaluate differences in aquatic invertebrate assemblage measures among rotenone treated and control stations for historic samples collected between 1984 and 1996 ...................................................... 31 Table 7. Mean + SD of aquatic invertebrate assemblage measures among years for historic samples collected between 1984 and 1996 ...................................................... 32 Table 8. Results of ANOVA to evaluate differences in aquatic invertebrate assemblage measures among years ................................................................................................. 33 Table 9. Mean + SD of aquatic invertebrate assemblage measures among sites located on Silver King Creek...................................................................................................... 34 Table 10. Results of ANOVA to evaluate differences in aquatic invertebrate assemblage measures among sampling locations ........................................................ 35 Table 11. Results of ANOVA to evaluate differences in aquatic invertebrate assemblage measures among rotenone treated and control stations for historic sample collected between 2003 and 2006 ................................................................................. 40 Table 12. Mean + SD of aquatic invertebrate assemblage measures among years for samples collected between 2003 and 2006. ................................................................. 41 Table 13. Results of ANOVA to evaluate differences in aquatic invertebrate assemblage measures among years for samples collected between 2003 and 2006.. 42 Table 14. Mean + SD of aquatic invertebrate assemblage measures among sites located on tributary streams .......................................................................................... 43 Table 15. Mean + SD of aquatic invertebrate assemblage measures among sites located on Silver King Creek ......................................................................................... 44 v Table 16. Results of ANOVA to evaluate differences
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