Church ~as part of the Appomatox campaign, as was that at Sai!or’s Creek. The date can only be April 2 or 3, 1865. Considering the disposition of Sheridan’s cavalry after the battle of Five Forks on April 1 and his dis- patch late in the afternoon of April 3 to Grant stating that he was at Namozine Church, there appears to be good support at this ~riting for the date of Tom Custer’s first CMH as April 3, 1865. The spelling of Sayler’s Creek has deliberately varied so as to re- flect the apparent acceptability of both in standard reference works.

It must also be noted here that Tom Custer was aide-de-camp to Brig. Gen. George A. Custer, leader of the Third Cavalry Division at the time of Namozine Church and Sailor’s Creek. The 6th ~ich. Cavalry, which Tom is usually cited as being attached to, was part of the First Division of Cav- alry during the Appomatox Campaign. BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. Battles & Leaders of the Civil War, Vol 4, Yosoloff, 1956 2. Boatner, Mark M. III, The Civil War Dictionary, McKay, 1959 3. Custer, E., Boots and Saddles, University of Oklahoma Press, 1961 4. Davis, Burke, To Appomatox, New York, 1959 5. Frost, L., The Custer Album, Seattle, 1964 6. Hammer, K., Little Big Horn Biographies, 1965 7. Merrington, M. The Custer Story, New York, 1950 8. Monaghan, Jay, Custer: The Life of General Custer, 1959

HONOUR SENIORS AND SENIORS OF THE of 1813 in 1870 by Edward S. Haynes

On 3 August 1841, King Friedrich Wilhelm IV of Frussia declared, as is described in Dan Ragsdale’s article on the 1813 Iron Cross (Medal Collector June 1967), 24 holders of the Iron Cross First Class and 72 holders of the Second Class to be designated "Seniors". This designation carried with it an annuity of 150 thalers for First Class and 50 thalers for Second Class. Those "Seniors" who declined the grant of funds were designated "Honour Seniors".

By the conclusion of the war with France in 1871, the number of Seniors and Honours Seniors still in active service with the had, understandably, thinned considerably. In 1871, the only Honour Seniors stil! in Prussian service were: General-Feldmarschall yon Steinmetz, Chief of the Westphalian Regiment of Foot, Nr. 37 General der Cavalrie Friedrich Wilhelm Prinz von Hessen-Kassel, a la suite with the Army General der Infanterie Wilhelm Friedrich Karl Prinz der Nederlande, Chief of the 2d Westphalian Infantry Regiment, Nr. 15

All of these were Honour Seniors of the Second Class. It ought, how- ever, to be stressed that GFM yon Steinmetz had been awarded the Iron Cross First Class of 1870 in addition to his 1813 award. As far as I have been able to determine, he was the only person to be so honored. In the class of Seniors, those still in Army service in 1871 were:

13 General-Feldmarschall Graf yen Wrangel, Commander-in-Chief in the Frontiers General der Infanterie yon Peucker, General-Inspector of the Military Train and Training Establishment General der Infanterie Bogel-ven Falkenstein, Chief of the 7th Westohalian Infantry Regiment, Nr. 56

Of these, it is interesting to note that only General yon Falken- stein was a Senior of the Second Class, the other two officers having re- ceived the First Class of the Iron Cross of 1813°

This informationwas drawn from the Rang-und Quartier-liste der Kon~- lich Preussich Armee undMarine fur das Jahr 1870/71 (Berlin, Ernst Siegfried Mittler und Sohn, 1871).

THE DECORATIONS OF GENERAL-FELDMARSCHALL FRIEDRICH AUGUSTUS GRAF PRINZ ALBRECHT KRDNPRINZ VON SASCHEN by Edward S. Haynes

As was mentioned in member Dan Ragsdale’s article on the 1870 Iron Cross, the Saxon Crownprince was among the recipients of the Grand Cross of the Iron Cross of 1870. His other decorations were:

Prussia - Order of the Black Eagle with Chain - Order Pour le Merite with Oakleaves Prussia - Grand Cross of the Iron Cross Saxony - Order of the Faceted Crown Saxony - ~[ilitary St. Heim"ich Order, Grandcross Saxony - Order of Albert, Grandcross Baden - ~litary Carl Friedrich Merit Order, Grandcross Baden - Order of Faithfulness, Grandcross Baden - Order of the Lion of Zaringen Lion, Grandcross - Order of St. Hubert Bavaria - Military Max Joseph Order, Grandcross Belgium -Order of the Lion, Grandcross Brunswlck-Order of Heinrich the Lion, Grandcross France - Legion of Honour, Grandcross Hannover- Order of the Guelph, Grandeross Hesse - Order of Wilhelm, Grandcross Hesse - Order of Ludwig, Grandcross Hesse - Military - Order of Annunziata Schammburg-Lippe - M~litaryMerit Medal Mecklenburg - Order of the Wendish Crown, Grandcross Mecklenburg - Military Merit Cross First Class Mecklenburg-Streylitz - Merit Cross for Decoration in War Nassau - House Order of the Golden Lion - order of theLion, Grandcross Austria - Golden Fleece Austria - Order of Maria Theresa, Knight’s Cross Austria - Order of St. Stephan, Grandcross Oldenburg-House and Merit Order, Grandcross Portugal -Order of the Tower and Sword, Grandcross Russia - Order of St. Andrew Russia - Order of St. Alexander Nevsky (Neck) Russia - Order of the White Eagle (Breast) Russia - Order of St. George, Second Class Saxony - Order of the Falcon, Grandcross Saxony-Ernestine-House Order, Grandcross Sicily - Order of St. Ferdinand, Grandcross Soain - Order of CarlosIII, Grandcross Tuscany - Order of Sto Joseph, Grandcross Wurttenburg-Order of the Cro~, Grandcross ~,,~rttenburg-Military Merit Order, Grandcross

This information is dra~ from Rang-und Quartier-Liste der Konglich Preussiche Armee und Marine fur das Jahr 1870/71 (Berlin, Ernst Siegfried Mittler und Sohn, 1871)

LUDENDORFF - 1871 BY Edward S. Haynes

In 1871, Erich Friedrich Wilhelm Ludendorff, who would be awarded the Grand Cross of the Iron Cross on 24 March 1918, was a First Lieutenant in the 1st Posen Landwehr Regiment, Nr. 18, in the 1st Batallion Reserve. At this time he was wearing the following decorations:

Prussia - Order of the Crown, Fourth Class with Swords Prussia - Iron Cross, Second Class Prussia - Landwehr Service Decoration, Second Class

This data has been drawn from the Ran g-undQuartier-liste der Ko!~lich Preussich Armee und Marine fur das Jahr 1890/~ (Berlin, Ernst Sieffried Mittler und Sohn, 1871).

FRANZ II - NEDAL OF HONOR 1792 by Joseph v. Falkenstien

An interesting conflict exists in the literature regarding this medal is~ances. In H. yen Heydenls book in 1897 a description is given which fits exactly the medal in question but has a different reverse described. See #’s 1058-59. Obviously yon Hessenthal & Schreiber describe the same issuances in their book in 1940 with their numbers 1034 to 1037a.

The medal in auestion is the rarely seen "LEGE ET FIDE" medal. It was supposed to have been issued in gold and silver in three different sizes. The large was 49 mm and in gold weighed 84 grams and in silver weighed 35 grams. The middle was 43 mm and the gold weighed 28 grams and in silver aporoximately 25 gms. The s~ll medal was 36 mm and in gold weighed 21 grams. Of special interest if the fact that there are no sure records that the middle or small silver medals had ever been positively struck and a- warded, therefore the approximation of the weights. This was in 1940, how- ever V. Mericka in his book in 1969 shows very clearly one of the medals in auestion of the "middle size", in silver. Incidentally on an incorrect ribbon. Plate 80-81.

The official ribbon for this medal was to have been carmine red, or under special circumstances it could be worn on a chain of the same weight 15