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Table of Contents

Page 3 Welcome Letter

Pages 4-15 Paintings with Biographies

Pages 16-24 Black Owned Businesses in Alphabetical Order

Page 25 Importance of Supporting Black Owned

Pages 26-27 Other Online Resources

Pages 28-29 Lift Every Voice & Sing

Page 30 Citations for Biographies & Contact Info

Page 31 After the Peanut Advertisement

A.F. Hill Park (Princeton St & Green Garden Pl) is getting a walking trail. It is about 1/3 of a mile and will be completed in the Spring of 2021!

See image ←

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CITATIONS (Painting Biographies) 2/6/2021

1. https://www.naacp.org/naacp-history-medgar-evers/ Dear Community Member, 2. https://aaregistry.org/story/an-exceptional-opera-singer-leontyne- price/ Thank you for coming to the drive-thru Black History Month Cel- 3. https://www.biography.com/news/duke-ellington-facts-duke-ellington- ebration! As hard as 2020 was, we did not want to cancel this day annual event but rather adapt and adjust in 2021. 4. https://www.americanswhotellthetruth.org/portraits/dick-gregory 5. https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/brooks- Adhering to COVID-19 safety precautions, we are unable to in- gwendolyn-1917/ 6. https://history.house.gov/People/Listing/P/POWELL,-Adam-Clayton,- vite you into our gymnasium at this time. We hope you to utilize Jr--(P000477)/ this booklet as a means to explore the people featured in the 7. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1964/king/biographical/ paintings at Fairmont Community Center (FCC) and for addition- 8. https://www.naacp.org/naacp-history-w-e-b-dubois/ al resources to help celebrate all month long. 9. https://kchistory.org/week-kansas-city-history/wilkins-rising 10. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1950/bunche/ On the front cover of this booklet are the newest paintings in biographical/ 11. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aia/part3/3p97.html FCC gymnasium of Vice President Kamala Harris and Former 12. https://www.womenshistory.org/education-resources/biographies/ President Barack Obama. They are featured on each side of the fannie-lou-hamer mural as soon as you walk into the gymnasium. Thank you to 13.https://www.pbs.org/wnet/americanmasters/louis-armstrong-about- louis-armstrong/528/ our donors Kathy & Joe Pecora as well as AARP Illinois for mak- 14. https://www.womenshistory.org/education-resources/biographies/ ing this possible. mary-mcleod-bethune 15. https://www.history.com/topics/black-history/muhammad-ali Lockport Township Park District is in the process of switching 16. https://www.naacpldf.org/about-us/history/thurgood-marshall/ registration software companies in efforts to make the online 17. https://poets.org/poet/langston-hughes registration process smoother and the refund process simpler. 18. https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/eckstine-billy- 1914-1993/ Thank you for your patience at this time. Electronically fill out this 19. https://www.nps.gov/people/shabazz.htm information here: https://www.lockportpark.org/household- 20. https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/williams-daniel- information-sheet/ hale-1856-1931/ 21. https://www.biography.com/inventor/madam-cj-walker When you fill out this information online, there is a 22. https://www.biography.com/scientist/charles-drew 23. https://historicmissourians.shsmo.org/historicmissourians/name/c/ “spin to win” game which can give you discounts, carver/ gift cards or even a summer pool pass! 24. https://www.womenshistory.org/education-resources/biographies/ sojourner-truth 25. http://www.crispusattucksmuseum.org/crispus-attuck/ Warm regards,

With any questions contact Nikki Gotsch Nikki Gotsch [email protected] LTPD Recreation Supervisor (815)838-1183

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Lift ev’ry voice and sing, ‘Til earth and heaven ring, Ring with the harmonies of Liberty; Let our rejoicing rise High as the list’ning skies, Let it resound loud as the rolling sea. Sing a song full of the faith that the dark past has taught us, Sing a song full of the hope that the present has brought us; Facing the rising sun of our new day begun, Let us on ’til victory is won.

Stony the road we trod, Bitter the chastening rod, Felt in the days when hope unborn had died; Yet with a steady beat, Have not our weary feet Come to the place for which our fathers sighed? We have come over a way that with tears has been watered, We have come, treading our path through the blood of the slaughtered, 1. (1925-1963) Civil Rights leader and Activist. Out from the gloomy past, Evers was rejected to the then-segregated University of Law School ‘Til now we stand at last in February 1954. Evers became the focus of an NAACP campaign to desegre- Where the white gleam of our bright star is cast. gate the school; U.S. Supreme Court ruling in the case of Brown v. Board of Education 347 US 483 that segregation was unconstitutional. Evers became the NAACP’s first field officer in Mississippi and was instrumental in eventually God of our weary years, desegregating the University of Mississippi in 1962. God of our silent tears,

2. (1927-Living) Superb Soprano-Opera Singer. Thou who has brought us thus far on the way; Price graduated from Central State College (Ohio) and studied at the Julliard Thou who has by Thy might School of Music in New York City. Price sang in the San Francisco Opera from Led us into the light, 1957-1960. She won several Grammy awards from the American Society of Recording Arts and Sciences. She was always conscious of her role as a pio- Keep us forever in the path, we pray. neering black in opera and worked hard against racial prejudice, refusing what Lest our feet stray from the places, our God, she considered inappropriate roles and investing her performances with dignity and grandeur. where we met Thee, Lest, our hearts drunk with the wine of the world, 3. “Duke” Ellington (1899-1974) Jazz Musician and Composer. we forget Thee; As a composer, arranger, pianist and bandleader, he was a major force for Shadowed beneath Thy hand, nearly 50 years (1926-74), creating innovations in each area. He did all of that while constantly touring with his orchestra which, despite major changes in the May we forever stand, music world, never broke up during his lifetime. True to our God, True to our native land.

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Lift Every Voice and Sing – often called “The Black National Anthem” – was writ- ten as a poem by NAACP leader (1871-1938) and then set to music by his brother John Rosa- mond Johnson (1873-1954) in 1899. It was first performed in public in the Johnsons’ hometown of Jacksonville, 4. (1932-2017) Comedian & Civil Rights Activist Gregory attended Southern IL University for two years before being drafted into the Florida as part of a celebration of Lin- Army in 1954 which cultivated his early talent for comedy. He moved to Chicago and got involved in the comedy scene. Gregory was well-known and financially suc- coln’s Birthday on February 12, 1900 by cessful; he addressed social issues in his comedy routines. In the , he began to spend less time on comedy and more on civil rights activism. Gregory ran for a choir of 500 schoolchildren at the seg- Mayor of Chicago against Richard Daley in 1966. In his lifetime, he became the author of 13 books, gone on over 150 hunger strikes to protest injustices including regated Stanton School, where James war, hostage situations, and the death penalty. Weldon Johnson was principal. 5. Gwendolyn Brooks (1917-2000) Poet & Author from Chicago. In 1950, Brooks became the first African-American to be awarded a Pulitzer Prize for a volume titled Annie Allen that chronicled the life of an ordinary black girl grow- ing up in the Bronzeville neighborhood on Chicago's South Side. During her lifetime, Brooks received numerous honors and served in several prestigious capacities in- cluding appointment as poet laureate of Illinois (1968), poetry consultant for the (1985) among many others.

6. Adam Clayton Powell (1908-1972) Minister, Politician and First Black Representative in the U.S. Congress. An unapologetic activist, Adam Clayton Powell, Jr., left his mark on Congress during his 12 terms in the House of Representatives. Viewed by his Harlem constituents as a dedicated crusader for civil rights, Powell earned the loyalty and respect of many African with his confrontational approach to racial discrimination.

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Learning for Justice [Website] Educational Resource https://www.tolerance.org/

Louis Armstrong House Museum [Website] Museum https://www.louisarmstronghouse.org/

National A. Philip Randolph Pullman Porter Mu- seum [Website] Museum https://aprpullmanportermuseum.org/

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People [Website] Organization 7. Martin Luther King Jr. (1929-1968) the Most Notable Leader of https://www.naacp.org/ the and Nobel Peace Prize Winner. Martin Luther attended segregated public schools in Georgia, graduating from high school at the age of fifteen; he received the B. A. degree in 1948 from Morehouse Smithsonian National Museum of African Amer- College. After three years of theological study at Crozer Theological Seminary he ican History & Culture [Website] was awarded the B.D. in 1951. With a fellowship won at Crozer, he enrolled in grad- uate studies at Boston University, completing his residence for the doctorate in 1953 Museum and receiving the degree in 1955. In 1954, Martin Luther King became pastor of the https://nmaahc.si.edu/ Dexter Avenue Baptist Church in Montgomery, Alabama.

King was, by this time, a member of the executive committee of the National Associ- The Conscious Kid [Website] ation for the Advancement of Colored People, the leading organization of its kind in the nation. He was ready, then, early in December, 1955, to accept the leadership Educational Resource of the first great Negro nonviolent demonstration of contemporary times in the Unit- https://www.theconsciouskid.org/ ed States On December 21, 1956, after the Supreme Court of the had declared unconstitutional the laws requiring segregation on buses, Negroes and whites rode the buses as equals. King traveled over six million miles and spoke over twenty-five hundred times, appearing wherever there was injustice, protest, and action; and meanwhile he wrote five books as well as numerous articles. At the age of thirty-five, Martin Luther King, Jr., was the youngest man to have received the Nobel Peace Prize.

On the evening of April 4, 1968, while standing on the balcony of his motel room in Memphis, Tennessee, where he was to lead a protest march in sympathy with strik- ing garbage workers of that city, he was assassinated. 6 27

Black Freedom Struggle in US by ProQuest [Biography] Informational website http://whiteoaklibrary.org/Resources-by-Category

Black Wallet [Online APP] APP: Black businesses, loyalty points & local events App Store/Google Play Store

DuSable Museum of African American History [Website] Museum https://www.dusablemuseum.org/

Eat Okra [Online APP] APP: Find black owned restaurants App Store/Google Play Store 8. W.E.B. DuBois (1868-1963) American Historian, Civil Rights Ac- tivist, Pan Africanist and Author. Du Bois was an American civil rights activist, leader, Pan-Africanist, sociologist, Facing History and Ourselves [Website] educator, historian, writer, editor, poet, and scholar. He was born and raised in Educational Resource Great Barrington, Massachusetts. Du Bois was a assistant instructor, professor, and chairman Atlanta University. In 1940 he founded Phylon, a social science https://www.facinghistory.org/ quarterly. Black Reconstruction in America, 1860-1880 (1935), perhaps his most significant historical work, details the role of in Ameri- can society, specifically during the Reconstruction period. The book was criti- Joliet Area Chamber of Commerce: African cized for its use of Marxist concepts and for its attacks on the racist character American Business Association [Website] of much of American historiography. However, it remains the best single source Local Network on its subject. Du Bois also wrote two novels. He became a naturalized citizen of Ghana in 1963 at the age of 95 – the year of his death. https://jolietchamber.com/chamber-groups/african- american-business-association/ 9. Roy O. Wilkins (1901-1981) Civil Rights Leader/Activist and For- mer Leader of the NAACP Wilkins graduated from the University of Minnesota, and became the editor of the Kansas City Call newspaper in 1923 creating a monumen- tal column arguing against discriminatory “Jim Crow” laws which en- couraged segregation. In 1934, Wilkins became chief editor of the NAACP's official newspaper with national circulation, the Crisis. Wilkins became the executive secretary of the NAACP from 1955-1977.

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The NAACP website says: “taking into account that Nielsen esti- mates the Black buying power to be at $1.2 trillion, a great way to celebrate Black culture should be to put some of this money back into our communities. In the age of social entrepreneurship, 10. (1903-1971) Nobel Peace Prize Winner and First African-American Ambassador to the United Nations. Black businesses both small and large Bunche’s enduring fame arises from his service to the U. S. government and to the UN after numerous years of education. An adviser to the Department of State and to are more rich and creative than ever, the military on Africa and colonial areas of strategic military importance during World War II, Bunche moved from his first position as an analyst in the Office of Strategic Services to the desk of acting chief of the Division of Dependent Area Affairs in the so there’s no shortage of products and State Department. From June of 1947 to August of 1949, Bunche worked on the most important assignment of his career – the confrontation between Arabs and services for us to lift up.” Jews in Palestine. Bunche was besieged with requests to lecture, was awarded the Spingarn Prize by the NAACP in 1949, was given over thirty honorary degrees in the next three years, and the Nobel Peace Prize in 1950. Read more at https://www.naacp.org/latest/

11. Bishop Richard Allen (1760-1831) Minister and Founder of the editors-pick-28-black-owned-businesses- African Methodist Episcopal Church in America. Allen traveled the Methodist circuit, throughout South Carolina, New York, Mary- love/ land, Delaware and Pennsylvania, preaching to black and white congregants alike. As the group grew in number, Allen "saw the necessity of erecting a place of wor- ship for the colored people," an idea rejected by "the most respectable people of color in the city," but embraced by Rev. Absalom Jones. Allen was preaching as much as four or five times a day to around 42 members, while he supported himself as a shoemaker. In 1787 decided to form the Free African Society, a non- denominational religious mutual aid society for the black community which grew into the African Church of Philadelphia. In 1794 Allen founded Bethel, which became of the African Methodist Episcopal Church, the first independent black denomination. 8 25

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12. (1917-1977) American Voter Rights Activist from Mississippi. At age six Hamer joined her family picking cotton and by the age of 12 left school to work. In 1944 Hamer toiled on the Mississippi plantation owned by B.D. Marlow and Though Black History Month brings this was the only worker who could read and write, so she served as plantation time- keeper. She became a SNCC organizer and on August 31, 1962 led 17 volunteers compiled list of Black-owned businesses, to a Mississippi Courthouse; they were denied the right to vote due to an unfair liter- acy test. That night, Marlow fired Hamer for her attempt to vote and confiscated the celebration of these businesses much of her property. In 1964, Hamer’s reputation soared as she co-founded the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party (MFDP) and organized , which brought hundreds of college students to help with African American voter should be a year-long event. registration in the segregated South. In 1969 she launched the Freedom Farm Co- operative (FFC), buying land that Blacks could own and farm collectively on 640 acres and launched a coop store, boutique, and sewing enterprise.

13. Louis Armstrong (1901-1971) Popular American Musician, This is a list of nearby Black-owned busi- Trumpeter, Composer and Singer. From a New Orleans boys’ home to Hollywood, Carnegie Hall, and television, the tale of Louis Armstrong’s life and triumphant six-decade career epitomizes the American suc- nesses compiled from suggestions provided cess story. His trumpet playing revolutionized the world of music, and he became one of our century’s most recognized and best loved entertainers. As a black man living and by local leaders. Thank you to all who have working in a segregated society, he symbolized the civil rights struggle that was part of the changing America in which he lived. His commitment to the search for new forms in contributed to this list! jazz and his continued heartfelt performances will remain a major symbol not only of the musical life, but of the entire cultural life of 20th-century America.

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14. Mary McLeod Bethune (1875-1955) Educator, Humanitarian, Civil Rights Activist and Representative to President F.D.R. Taps Tips BBQ Smokehouse [Restaurant & A champion of racial and gender equality, Bethune founded many organizations and led voter registration drives after women gained the vote in 1920. In 1924, she was elected Carry Out] president of the National Association of Colored Women’s Clubs, and in 1935, she be- 3111 Theodore Street Joliet, IL 60435 came the founding president of the National Council of Negro Women. Bethune also played a role in the transition of black voters from the Republican Party—“the party of https://www.taptipsbbq.com/ Lincoln”—to the Democratic Party during the Great Depression. A friend of Eleanor Roo- (815)782-7135 sevelt, in 1936, Bethune became the highest ranking African American woman in govern- ment when President Franklin Roosevelt named her director of Negro Affairs of the Na- [email protected] tional Youth Administration, where she remained until 1944. In 1940, she became vice president of the NAACP, a position she held for the rest of her life. Twins & Sons Concrete [Construction & Home 15. (1942-2016) **Painting not verified by historian** Repair] Ali was an American former heavyweight champion boxer and one of the great- est sporting figures of the 20th century. An Olympic gold medalist and the first 2203 Basswood Road Joliet, IL 60432 fighter to capture the heavyweight title three times, Ali won 56 times in his 21- (815)258-4466 year professional career. Ali’s outspokenness on issues of race, religion and politics made him a controversial figure during his career, and the heavy- weight’s quips and taunts were as quick as his fists. Born Cassius Clay Jr., Ali changed his name in 1964 after joining the . Citing his religious beliefs, he refused military induction and was stripped of his heavyweight championship and banned from boxing for three years during the prime of his career. Parkinson’s syndrome severely impaired Ali’s motor skills and speech, but he remained active as a humanitarian and goodwill ambassador.

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Proficient Cuts [Cosmetology/Hair] 371 S Budler Road Romeoville, IL 60446 https://www.facebook.com/ProficientCuts1/ (815)582-6073 [email protected] 16. (1908-1993) First African-American appoint- ed to the U.S. Supreme Court as a Justice. Salon AiryS [Beauty Salon] Thurgood Marshall was an influential leader of the civil rights movement. He also had a profound contribution to the NAACP and his legacy lives on in the 560 S. Chicago Street Joliet, IL 60432 pursuit of racial justice. Thurgood Marshall founded Legal Defense Fund in https://www.facebook.com/AirySBeautySalon/ 1940 and served as its first Director-Counsel. He was the architect of the legal (815)630-3721 strategy that ended the country’s official policy of segregation. Marshall was the first African American to serve on the Supreme Court on which he served as [email protected] Associate Justice from 1967-1991 after he was successfully nominated by President Johnson. Through the courts, he ensured that Blacks enjoyed the rights and responsibilities of full citizenship. Salon J Chic [Beauty Salon] 16149 US-30 Plainfield, IL 60586 17. (1902-1967) American Poet, Social Activist, https://salonjchic.business.site/ Novelist and Playwright. (779)252-2993 Hughes is particularly known for his insightful portrayals of black life in America from the twenties through the sixties. He wrote novels, short stories, plays, and poetry, and is also known for his engagement with the world of jazz and the Scents N Such Candles [Specialty Shop] influence it had on his writing. His life and work were enormously important in shaping the artistic contributions of the Harlem Renaissance of the 1920s. Un- Online Shop Chicago, IL like other notable black poets of the period, Hughes refused to differentiate https://www.etsy.com/shop/ScentsnSuchStudioUS between his personal experience and the common experience of black Ameri- https://www.facebook.com/scentsn.such.14 ca. He wanted to tell the stories of his people in ways that reflected their actual culture, including their love of music, laughter, and language itself alongside their suffering.

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19. (1934-1997) Educator, Civil Rights Activist, and [email protected] Wife of . In 1954, Shabazz was invited to a dinner party at the Nation of Islam temple in Harlem, where she met Malcolm X. Shabazz began attending Malcolm’s services and in 1956 Party Lyfe [Event Planning] converted to Islam, changing her surname to X. The X represented the loss of her African Online Shop Chicago, IL ancestry. Malcolm and Betty were married on January 14, 1958 in Michigan and left the Nation of Islam in 1964, changing their surname to Shabazz, and became Sunni Mus- www.thepartylyfe.com lims. Malcolm X was assassinated on February 21, 1951 while giving a speech in New (773)876-7674 York City; Shabazz never remarried. In 1969, Shabazz completed her undergraduate degree at Jersey City State College. By the early 70s, Shabazz began giving public lec- tures on the African American condition, fighting for education and human rights causes Patricia Vaughn: State Farm [Insurance] in her own style. Shabazz earned her Master’s in Public Health Administration in 1970. After she earned her doctorate in higher-education administration at the University of 2233 Theodore Street, Unit 2 Crest Hill, IL 60403 Massachusetts, Shabazz accepted a position as an associate professor of health scienc- (815)725-5053 es at , in New York in 1976. She worked as a university administra- tor and fund-raiser until her death.

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KCA Barbershop [Barber Shop] 850 Brook Forrest Ave Shorewood, IL 60404 https://kcabarbers.com/ (815)280-5754 20. Daniel Hale Williams III (1856-1931) Performed World’s First Kirk's Cuts Barbershop [Barber Shop] Open Heart Surgery & Founder of Provident Hospital, Chicago In 1883 Williams opened his own practice in Chicago and taught anatomy at Chicago 1104 W. Jefferson Street Joliet, IL 60435 Medical College. He became a trailblazer, setting high standards in medical procedures (815)630-2957 and sanitary conditions, including adopting recently-discovered sterilization procedures in regard to germ transmission and prevention. He also avoided the then-common practice of black doctors being barred from staff privileges in white hospitals by starting his own hospital. In 1891 Williams co-founded Provident Hospital and Training School Associa- Louisiana Barbeque [Restaurant] tion in a three-story building on Chicago’s South Side. Williams was a pioneering surgeon 1220 Richards St Joliet, IL 60433 best known for performing in 1893 the world’s first successful open heart surgeries. Wil- liams’s tenure as physician-owner (1891-1912), Provident hospital grew, largely due to its http://places.singleplatform.com/louisiana-barbeque/menu extremely high success rate in patient recovery: 87 percent. In 1913 Williams became (815)774-0131 the first black member of the exclusive American College of Surgeons. Later he joined Sigma Pi Phi fraternity, the first Greek-letter organization for African Americans.

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22. Charles R. Drew (1904-1950) First Developer/Discovery of Blood Plasma. Hope Center of Joliet Daycare [Non-Profit: In- Drew discovered a method for processing and preserving blood plasma to store in "blood tervention Services] banks." Drew became the first African American to earn a doctorate degree from Colum- bia. In 1941, Drew directed the blood plasma programs of the United States and Great 1106 Curtis Avenue Joliet, IL 60435 Britain in World War II, collecting roughly 14,500 pints of plasma from several New York (815)727-0122 hospitals. Drew became frustrated with the military's request for segregating the blood donated by African Americans. Drew was outraged by this racist policy, and resigned his [email protected] post after only a few months. In1941 Drew served as a professor at Howard University, heading up the university's department of surgery. Howard became the chief surgeon at Freedmen's Hospital and became the first African American examiner for the American Howard Wright: State Farm [Insurance] Board of Surgery. NAACP honored Drew with its 1943 . 417 N. Chicago Street Joliet, IL 60432 23. (1861-1943) American Botanist, https://www.howardwright.net/ Teacher & Inventor. (815)722-4652 Carver’s mother, Mary, was owned by Moses and Susan Carver and at a few months old, he and his mother were kidnapped from the Carver farm. George was recovered by a neighbor and returned to the Carvers, but his mother was not. George spent much of his time helping Susan Carver with domestic tasks and became fascinated with gardening. It Could Be Your Kid [Non-Profit: Bullying Pro- Carver had made his way through many schools for African Americans traveling from one gramming] midwestern town to another making money with his domestic skills. Carver obtained his bachelor’s degree in 1894 and a graduate degree in 1896. In 1896, he took a job at Frankfort, IL Tuskegee Institute in Alabama. There he conducted agricultural research and taught www.itcouldbeyourkid.org students until his death. He stressed the importance of planting peanuts to upgrade the quality of the soil, which had been depleted from years of planting cotton. Carver found (773)766-6483 many practical uses for peanuts, sweet potatoes, and other agricultural products. [email protected] 14 19

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Eat Moore Cakes [Bakery] Provided Cake Pops for today’s event 937 Hamilton Lockport, IL 60441 http://www.EatMooreCakes.com/ (888)713-2176 [email protected] 24. Sojourner Truth (1797-1883) Former Slave, Abolitionist, and Civil Rights Activist. Truth was born Isabella Bomfree and was bought and sold four times in the slave trade In EK's Travel Agency [Specialty Shop] 1827—a year before New York’s law freeing slaves was to take effect—Truth ran away Joliet, IL with her infant Sophia to a nearby abolitionist family, the Van Wageners. The family bought her freedom for twenty dollars and helped Truth successfully sue for the return of ellabrown.inteletravel.com her son, who was illegally sold into slavery in Alabama. In 1843, she declared that the (779)206-6375 Spirit called on her to preach the truth, renaming herself Sojourner Truth. William Lloyd Garrison’s anti-slavery organization encouraged Truth to give speeches about the evils of [email protected] slavery. She never read or wrote so Truth dictated to Olive Gilbert what would become The Narrative of Sojourner Truth. During the 1850’s, Truth urged young men to join the Union cause and organized supplies for black troops. After the war, she was honored Fairmont Food Pantry [Non-Profit: with an invitation to the White House and became involved with the Freedmen’s Bureau, helping freed slaves find jobs and build new lives. Fundamental Needs Food & Volunteerism] 525 Barry Ave Lockport, IL 60441 25. Crispus Attucks (1723-1770) Former Mullato Slave and Dock https://www.facebook.com/FairmontFoodPantry/ Worker, first person killed in the Boston Massacre Attucks was a slave living in Framingham, Massachusetts and developed an appreciation Every Thursday of freedom and at age 27 he ran away from his Master William Brown. Attucks has been [email protected] immortalized as the first casualty of the American Revolutionary War and the first African American hero. He was in the front line of a group 50 patriots defying British troops when suddenly shots were fired. Crispus was the first person shot and killed in the historic event that became known as The Boston Massacre. As a man of African descent, At- tucks represents the 5,000 African American soldiers who fought for an independent America. Attucks became an icon of the anti-slavery movement in the early nineteenth century as a hero who stood up and died defending his freedom and rights. 18 15

A Salon Suite [Cosmotology/Beauty Salons] CD 1 Price Cleaners [Cleaners] 218 S. Larkin Avenue Joliet, IL 60436 2123 IL Route 59 Plainfield, IL https://www.asalonsuite.com/joliet-1.html https://www.cdonepricecleaners.com/locations/illinois/dry- (708)614-0126 cleaning-in-plainfield/ (815)577-9108 After the Peanut [Non-Profit: Education] P.O. Box 572 Plainfield, IL 60544 Cheesecakes By James [Bakery] https://www.afterthepeanut.com/ 81 N Chicago St Joliet, IL 60463 (800)955-6816 www.cheesecakesbyjames.com [email protected] (815)409-7339 [email protected]

Alzada's Convenience Store & Carryout Foods Chicago Chicken Shack [Restaurant & Carry [Conveinience Store] Out] 1023 Woodruff Road Joliet, IL 60432 20641 Renwick Road Crest Hill, IL 60403 https://alzadas-convenient-carryout-foods.business.site/? https://www.facebook.com/Chicagos-Chicken-Shack-Crest- (815)630-3544 Hill-IL-100518865136308/ [email protected] (815)714-2610

BAG Lady Outreach [Non-Profit: Fundamental Chicago Style BBQ [Restaurant: Carry Out & Needs Hygiene & Volunteerism] Delivery] P.O. Box 544 Crete, IL 60417 1215 N Broadway St Joliet, IL 60435 https://www.bagladyoutreach.org/ https://www.yelp.com/menu/chicago-style-bbq-joliet-3 (708)232-3930 (815)714-2704 [email protected] Clipper Idiots [Barber Shop] Bernie's Jerk Kitchen & Waffles [Restaurant] 117 Republic Avenue Joliet, IL 60435 (815)409-7264 2777 Black Road Joliet, IL 60435 www.berniesjerkkitchenandwaffles.com Conway's High Styling Barbershop & Beauty (815)630-4153 Salon [Barber Shop/Beauty Salon] 3226 S. State Street Lockport, IL 60441 Carter Realty Group [Home Ownership] https://www.facebook.com/ 1214 Essington Road Joliet, IL 60435 conwayshighstylebarberandbeautyshop/ http://www.carterrealtygroup.com/ (779)206-4950 (815)582-3953 16 17