DOCSLIB.ORG

Michigan Lead and Copper Rule Handbook

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Michigan Lead and Copper Rule Handbook MICHIGAN LEAD AND COPPER RULE HANDBOOK EMPOWERING RESIDENT WATCHDOGS TO CONDUCT INVESTIGATIONS OF THEIR WATER SYSTEMS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Many thanks to all of the individuals that provided guidance regarding the drafting of the Lead and Copper Rule Handbook, especially: Elin Betanzo, Safe Water Engineering, LLC; Jeremy Orr and Cyndi Roper, Natural Resources Defense Council, and; Jill Ryan and Alicia Smith, Freshwater Future. Many thanks to the several Great Lakes Environmental Law Center interns that assisted with this project, including: Molly Williams, Andrew Kral, Nate Frischkorn, Dave Duckett, and Valeriya Epshteyn. Many thanks to the Charles Stewart Mott Foundation and the Joyce Family Foundation for their support regarding the development of the Michigan Lead and Copper Rule Handbook. TABLE OF CONTENTS i Introduction: How to Use the Michigan Lead D-1 Section D: Public Education Regarding Lead in and Copper Rule Handbook Drinking Water iii Introduction to the Lead and Copper Rule D-1 Consumer Confidence Reports iii Introduction to the Freedom of Information Act D-3 Water System Advisory Councils (FOIA) E-1 Section E: Corrosion Control Treatment A-1 Section A: Identifying Lead Service Lines in the E-1 Water Departments Required to Use Corrosion Drinking Water System Control Treatment A-1 Preliminary and Complete Distribution System E-1 The Different Corrosion Control Treatment Materials Inventories Methods and How Water Departments Select a A-2 Methods of Identifying Lead Service Lines Corrosion Control Treatment Method A-3 Requirement for Water Departments to Notify E-3 Monitoring the Effectiveness of Corrosion Control Households Served By a Lead Service Line or a with Water Quality Parameters Service Line of Unknown Material F-1 Section F: Lead Service Line Removal and B-1 Section B: Monitoring Lead Levels in Tap Replacement Water F-1 Lead Service Line Replacement Requirement B-1 Selecting Households for Tap Sampling F-2 Partial Lead Service Line Replacement Ban B-2 Frequency of Lead Monitoring and Number of Monitoring Sites B-4 Tap Sampling Procedures B-5 Consumer Notice of Lead and Copper Monitoring Results C-1 Section C: Lead Action Level C-1 Measuring for the Lead Action Level—the 90th Percentile C-1 Public Health Advisory and Public Education Requirements After a Water System Exceeds the Lead Action Level C-4 Water Testing at Households Upon Request C-5 Lead Service Line Removal and Replacement C-5 Assess Corrosion Control Treatment HOW TO USE THE MICHIGAN LEAD AND COPPER RULE HANDBOOK INTRODUCTION The first people to raise the alarm about high levels of Resident watchdogs are often the first to learn about lead in Flint’s drinking water were not the state, local, or drinking water issues, but the last to be listened to. The federal government, or the local water department. They Michigan Lead and Copper Rule Handbook has been were Flint residents. These residents continued to raise prepared as a free, public resource to empower resident the alarm despite being constantly told by their state and watchdogs to conduct their own investigation of their local government that their water was safe to drink. water system by enabling residents to get the important information and to ask the right questions. Thanks to the persistence of resident watchdogs, it was discovered that not only did Flint’s water have high In preparing this Handbook, the Great Lakes Environ- levels of lead, but that the water department and the mental Law Center submitted over 70 Freedom of Department of Environmental Quality had violated and Information Act requests to the State and to local water manipulated the EPA’s Lead and Copper Rule, the departments to see how the key revisions made in 2018 primary regulation that controls the level of lead in to Michigan’s Lead and Copper Rule are being imple- drinking water. mented. With this Handbook, resident watchdogs will be prepared to begin their own investigations of their While the Flint Water Crisis was severe, unfortunately own water department. Flint is not the only city that has struggled to control the levels of lead in drinking water. With a The Handbook is made up of six sections that light shined on the provide information on the main requirements THE MICHIGAN problem, many in the Michigan Lead and Copper Rule: LEAD AND COPPER Michigan communi- RULE HANDBOOK ties are now CONTAINS: confronting their own IDENTIFYING LEAD SERVICE LINES IN THE DRINKING WATER SYSTEM 21 sample problems regarding high levels of lead in Freedom of drinking water. MONITORING LEAD LEVELS IN TAP WATER Information Act Requests Michigan amended its LEAD ACTION LEVEL Lead and Copper Rule that resident watchdogs can in 2018 to make it submit to EGLE and/or their PUBLIC EDUCATION REGARDING LEAD IN much more strict. water department for public DRINKING WATER records related to lead in However, the Rule is drinking water. still very complex. CORROSION CONTROL TREATMENT Many Michiganders 34 watchdog have important questions about lead in LEAD SERVICE LINE REMOVAL AND REPLACEMENT actions their drinking water, that residents can take and whether their to investigate how their water is safe to drink, water department is cook, or bathe with. implementing the Michigan Answers to these Lead and Copper Rule. simple questions can be difficult to come by. MICHIGAN LEAD AND COPPER RULE HANDBOOK i HOW TO USE THE MICHIGAN LEAD AND COPPER RULE HANDBOOK ADDITIONAL ASSISTANCE • We the People of Detroit The Lead and Copper Rule is complicated. Even with www.wethepeopleofdetroit.com this Handbook, resident watchdogs will still have A community-based grassroots organization that aims questions about their drinking water. Additionally, to inform, educate, and empower Detroit residents on resident watchdogs will need help to address problems as imperative issues surrounding civil rights, land, water, they come up. education, and the democratic process. We the People • Great Lakes Environmental Law Center of Detroit also delivers water to households in need of 4444 Second Avenue, Detroit, MI 48201 water relief. www.glelc.org / [email protected] / 313-782-3372 • People’s Water Board Coalition We are lawyers that can help you draft your Freedom www.peopleswaterboard.org of Information Act Request, answer questions you have A coalition of three dozen grassroots groups, non- about the Michigan Lead and Copper Rule, and help governmental, faith-based, community-based, and you address concerns you may have about the safety of labor organizations who have come together to fight for your drinking water. the human right to water. The People’s Water Board • Michigan Department of Environment, Great Coalition works with partners and allies to ensure that Lakes, and Energy’s Office of the Clean Water all people have a right to clean, accessible, and afford- Public Advocate able water and sanitation. Constitution Hall, P.O. Box 30473, Lansing, MI 48909-7973 ADDITIONAL RESOURCES Clean Water Public Advocate: Ninah Sasy There are many additional resources that users of the [email protected] / 517-284-6843 Lead and Copper Rule Handbook may find useful as The Office of the Clean Water Public Advocate accepts accompanying materials: and investigates complaints and concerns related to • University of Michigan Graham Sustainability drinking water in Michigan. Institute – What You Need to Know About Michigan’s 2018 Lead and Copper Rule • Safe Water Engineering, LLC http://graham.umich.edu/project/revised-lead-and- www.safewaterengineering.com copper-rule/faq Specializes in drinking water quality consulting by providing engineering and policy consulting. • State of Michigan – MI Lead Safe https://www.michigan.gov/ • Freshwater Future mileadsafe/0,9490,7-392-92796---,00.html www.freshwaterfuture.org • State of Michigan – Lead and Copper in Freshwater Future works with community-based Drinking Water organizations and residents to develop community https://www.michigan.gov/egle/0,9429,7-135- participatory action for stewardship and education that 3313_3675_76638---,00.html promotes the voice, understanding, and action of the community members that have been most impacted • U.S. EPA - Optimal Corrosion Control Treatment by drinking water issues. Evaluation Technical Recommendations for Primacy Agencies and Public Water Systems • Natural Resources Defense Counsel https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2019-07/ www.nrdc.org documents/occtmarch2016updated.pdf Through its Safe Water Initiative, NRDC works to ensure that everyone has safe, sufficient, and affordable drinking water. MICHIGAN LEAD AND COPPER RULE HANDBOOK ii HOW TO USE THE MICHIGAN LEAD AND COPPER RULE HANDBOOK Introduction to the Lead and WHY IS COPPER ADDRESSED IN THE LEAD AND Copper Rule COPPER RULE? The Lead and Copper Rule focuses on corrosion control In 1991, the United States Environmental Protection treatment to reduce metal release into drinking water. While Agency (EPA) finalized the Lead and Copper Rule to lead and copper are very different drinking water contami- control the amount of lead in drinking water that is nants with different health effects, they are both materials provided by water utilities. While states are allowed to present in pipes and plumbing materials and can be released enact their own more stringent drinking water regula- into water through corrosion. tions, most have simply adopted and implemented the EPA Lead and Copper Rule. The Lead and Copper Rule was intended to reduce corrosion of both metals to limit their occurrence on drinking water. This Handbook focuses on lead because there is no safe level of lead The main source of lead in drinking water is lead in exposure, while copper is an essential nutrient at low levels. water service lines (the water pipes that connect a water main to household plumbing) and household plumbing. Lead was a commonly used material in service lines and household plumbing throughout the 20th century. When water runs through service lines and household Figure 1: Six Core Requirements of the plumbing containing lead, the lead may be released into Michigan Lead and Copper Rule the drinking water.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Michigan's Infrastructure
    MICHIGAN BUSINESS SUSTAINABILITY ROUNDTABLE State of the State: Michigan’s Infrastructure Olivia Rath January 2021 TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive Summary 3 Introduction 4 Transportation & Mobility 5 Energy 8 Water 11 Information & Communications 14 Infrastructure & Justice 17 Conclusion & Discussion 19 Appendix A: Potential Infrastructure Investments 21 Appendix B: Resource Guide 23 MICHIGAN BUSINESS SUSTAINABILITY ROUNDTABLE | State of the State of Michigan’s Infrastructure 2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY he State of Michigan is well positioned for economic, social and environmental leadership: The combination of engineering talent, powerhouse academic institutions, unparalleled T freshwater ecosystems, automotive and mobility leadership and more distinguish the state on a national level. Appropriately caring for and investing in its infrastructure can help drive the state toward an economically robust, environmentally sustainable and socially just future. • Transportation & Mobility: Building on its history of mobilizing the world, Michigan has an opportunity to demonstrate leadership in future mobility that prioritizes carbon neutrality, public health and safety, and economic strength. Addressing rapidly deteriorating transportation infrastructure is key. • Energy: Given Michigan’s stated goals on carbon neutrality, shifting the state’s energy system to become increasingly digital, decarbonized and distributed is essential. Efforts to upgrade and expand existing aging infrastructure are important as well. • Water: A severe public health crisis has illustrated the consequences of underinvestment and decision-making without adequate community representation. The state has an opportunity to use machine learning to identify and replace hazardous water lines and address stormwater and wastewater vulnerabilities, and move toward a Michigan that is purer for all. • Information & Communications: Enhanced information and communications infrastructure can enable proactive, real-time asset management across all infrastructure.
    [Show full text]
  • Annotated Flint Water Crisis Timeline 2009 2010
    Annotated Flint Water Crisis Timeline *Enclosed Document ^Referenced in Documentary 2009 February o Michael Brown serves as Temporary Mayor.^ August o Dayne Walling elected as Mayor.^ September Preliminary Engineering Report Lake Huron Water Supply Karegnondi Water Authority*^ o The third study of the Karegnondi Water Authority (KWA) plan. Prior reports were in 1992 and 2006. This report was meant to study 2 alternatives, continuing purchase of water from Detroit Water and Sewage Department (DWSD) or to build a new pipeline to supply raw water from Lake Huron. o This report clearly states the differences between raw and treated water, and explains in detail the construction costs needed to upgrade Flint’s Water Treatment Plant (WTP) in order to properly treat water. o Additionally, in Appendix 7, the report mentions the lead and copper program and corrosion control requirements, even including the chemical composition of orthophosphate. o An upgrade to the WTP of approximately $7 million would be required in order for the plant to properly treat water on a continuous basis. o These upgrades are necessary to destroy bacteria, viruses, and prevent waterborne disease. Note: At the time of the inception of the KWA, the requirements of treating raw water, upgrades needed to be done for the WTP to properly treat water, and cost estimates of DWSD being more cost effective than the KWA were clear and known to at least two persons, Drain County Commissioner Jeff Wright and Mayor Walling. Both of whom had clear legal, ethical, and patriotic duty to the citizens of Flint as their elected representatives.
    [Show full text]
  • 1980 Ground-Water Data Michigan
    � 1980 GROUND-WATER DATA FOR MICHIGAN BY G.C. HUFFMAN U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Open - File Report 81-811 PREPARED IN COOPERATION WITH THE MICHIGAN DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY DIVISION CONVERSION FACTORS The following factors may be used to convert the inch-pound units published in this report to the International System of Units (SI). Multiply inch-pound units By To obtain SI units acres (a) 0.4047 hectares (ha) feet (ft) .3048 meters (m) inches (in) 25.4 millimeters (hut) miles (mi) 1.609 kilometers (km) million gallons (106 gal) 3,785 cubic meters (m3) gallons (gal) 3.785 liters (L) UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR GEOLOGICAL SURVEY GROUND-WATER DATA FOR MICHIGAN 1980 by G. C. Huffman U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OPEN-FILE REPORT 81-811 Prepared in cooperation with the Michigan Department of Natural Resources Lansing, Michigan 1981 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR JAMES G. WATT, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Doyle G. Frederick, Acting Director For additional information write to: Office of the District Chief Water Resources Division U.S. Geological Survey 6520 Mercantile Way, Suite 5 Lansing, Michigan 48910 CONTENTS Page Introduction 1 Purpose 1 Scope 1 Uses of data in this report 1 Availability of records 2 Other ground-water reports 2 Well-numbering system 9 Ground-water levels 10 Area ground-water data 10 Alpena County 12 Branch County -city of Coldwater 13 Calhoun County -city of Battle Creek 14 Clinton County -city of St. Johns 15 Eaton County -Delta Township 16 Grand Traverse County 17 Ingham County city of Lansing 18 city of Mason 19 East Lansing-Meridian Water Authority 20 Lansing Township 20 Michigan State University 21 Jackson County city of Jackson 22 Kalamazoo County city of Kalamazoo 23 city of Portage 24 Marquette County - Iron Range area 25 Oakland County - Huron-Clinton Metropolitan Authority 26 Oceana County 27 Sanilac County 28 Van Buren County 29 Washtenaw County - city of Ann Arbor 30 -city of Ypsilanti 31 -Ypsilanti Township 32 Tables 33 Selected references 51 iii FIGURES Page 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Geology of Michigan and the Great Lakes
    35133_Geo_Michigan_Cover.qxd 11/13/07 10:26 AM Page 1 “The Geology of Michigan and the Great Lakes” is written to augment any introductory earth science, environmental geology, geologic, or geographic course offering, and is designed to introduce students in Michigan and the Great Lakes to important regional geologic concepts and events. Although Michigan’s geologic past spans the Precambrian through the Holocene, much of the rock record, Pennsylvanian through Pliocene, is miss- ing. Glacial events during the Pleistocene removed these rocks. However, these same glacial events left behind a rich legacy of surficial deposits, various landscape features, lakes, and rivers. Michigan is one of the most scenic states in the nation, providing numerous recre- ational opportunities to inhabitants and visitors alike. Geology of the region has also played an important, and often controlling, role in the pattern of settlement and ongoing economic development of the state. Vital resources such as iron ore, copper, gypsum, salt, oil, and gas have greatly contributed to Michigan’s growth and industrial might. Ample supplies of high-quality water support a vibrant population and strong industrial base throughout the Great Lakes region. These water supplies are now becoming increasingly important in light of modern economic growth and population demands. This text introduces the student to the geology of Michigan and the Great Lakes region. It begins with the Precambrian basement terrains as they relate to plate tectonic events. It describes Paleozoic clastic and carbonate rocks, restricted basin salts, and Niagaran pinnacle reefs. Quaternary glacial events and the development of today’s modern landscapes are also discussed.
    [Show full text]
  • 2019 State of the Great Lakes Report Michigan
    MICHIGAN State of the Great Lakes 2019 REPORT 2019 STATE OF THE GREAT LAKES REPORT Page 1 Contents Governor Whitmer’s Message: Collaboration is Key ............................................................... 3 EGLE Director Clark’s Message: New Advocates for the Great Lakes Community ................. 4 New Standards Ensure Safe Drinking Water in the 21st Century ............................................ 5 Public Trust Doctrine and Water Withdrawals Aim to Protect the Great Lakes ........................ 8 High Water Levels Put State on Alert to Help Property Owners and Municipalities .................11 Asian Carp Threat from Chicago Area Looms Over Health of Lakes and Aquatic Life ............ 13 EGLE Collaborates on Research into Harmful Algal Blooms and Response Measures .......... 15 Initiatives Foster Stewardship, Raise Water Literacy for All Ages.......................................... 18 Michigan Communities Empowered to Take Action for Great Lakes Protection ...................... 22 EGLE Strengthens Michigan’s Sister State Relationship With Japan’s Shiga Prefecture ....... 24 Soo Locks Project Finally Underway with 2027 Target Date for Opening............................... 25 Great Lakes Cruises Make Bigger Waves in State’s Travel Industry ............................................. 26 MICHIGAN.GOV/EGLE | 800-662-9278 Prepared by the Michigan Department of Environment, Great Lakes, and Energy on behalf of the Office of the Governor (July 2020) 2019 STATE OF THE GREAT LAKES REPORT Page 2 Collaboration is Key hroughout the Great Lakes region, the health of our communities and the strength of our T economies depend on protecting our shared waters. The Great Lakes region encompasses 84 percent of the country’s fresh surface water, represents a thriving, $6 trillion regional economy supporting more than 51 million jobs, and supplies the drinking water for more than 48 million people.
    [Show full text]
  • Michigan WATER WORKS NEWS | SUMMER 2019 5 Kraft Energy Systems KB Series Biogas Fueled CHP Modules Put Waste to Work
    NEWS waterMICHIGAN worksSUMMER 2019 Drinking Water Quality Initiative for Children's Facilities P.O. Box 150469P.O. Grand Rapids, MI 49515 | ADDRESS SERVICE REQUESTED The official publication of the CYBERSECURITY TIPS WHAT’S YOUR MI-ACE 2019 FOR WATER UTILITIES DISASTER PLAN? PREVIEW MichiganSection ���� ����e ��te ����e S�����e� t� ���� JGM Valve (248) 926-6200 1155 Welch Road, Ste D www.jgmvalve.com Commerce, MI 48390 [email protected] your partners at Peerless In all that we do, our commitment to quality is clear. From the experience of our skilled craftsmen to our command of the latest technologies, we stand apart from the competition. We take customer service very seriously, and work hard to prove it everyday. water well services • well cleaning and rehabilitation • well drilling • water treatment • electrical and controls • pump repair • hydrogeological services Peerless Midwest, Inc. Mishawaka, IN • 574-254-9050 Indianapolis, IN • 317-896-2987 Ionia, MI • 616-527-0050 Eastern MI • 810-215-1295 www.peerlessmidwest.com Water and Wastewater CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS Treatment Equipment VERTICAL TURBINES SUBMERSIBLE PUMPS NON CLOG PUMPS PROGRESSIVE CAVITY PUMPS POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT AND CENTRIFUGAL BLOWERS VACUUM PUMPS - HYDROMATIC VARIOUS PROCESS STATIONS: - AURORA CONTROL VALVE STATIONS - FAIRBANKS NIJHUIS METERING STATIONS PACKAGE LIFT STATIONS KERR PUMP AND SUPPLY CUSTOM CONTROLS SYSTEMS (UL508A & UL698A) FIELD SERVICE AND IN-HOUSE REPAIRS CONTACT US AT: WWW.KERRPUMP.COM [email protected] KERR PUMP AND SUPPLY 12880 Cloverdale Oak Park, MI 48237 (248) 543-3880 The Michigan Water Works News is a quarterly publication of the Michigan Section, American Water Works Association. The deadline for submitting articles for SUMMER 2019 the Summer 2019 issue is August 10, 2019.
    [Show full text]
  • MICHIGAN FISHING GUIDE — Rules Apply from April 1, 2015 Through March 31, 2016 —
    2015 MICHIGAN FISHING GUIDE — Rules apply from April 1, 2015 through March 31, 2016 — This guide is available online at michigan.gov/fshingguide Power Fishing, Honda Style. Take a lightweight, portable Honda Generator on The EU Series features generators that are easy to your next outdoor sporting trip and you’ll have power start, produce fewer emissions and are remarkably for just about anything. Like a coffee maker, electric quiet. Plus, they’re covered by our 3-Year Warranty.* lights, TV or even a grill for all the fish you’ll reel in. They’re the catch of the day. And that’s no fish story. Power Fishing, Honda Style. Take a lightweight, portable Honda Generator on The EU Series features generators that are easy to your next outdoor sporting trip and you’ll have power start, produce fewer emissions and are remarkably ® gen.honda.com EU1000i EU2000i EU3000is Honda Handi EU3000i * Superfor just Quiet about Series anything.Super Quiet Like Series a coffeeSuper maker, Quiet Series electric Super Quietquiet. Series Plus, they’re covered by our 3-Year Warranty. MSRPlights,** $949.95 TV or evenMSRP a grill** $1,149.95 for all the MSRPfish **you’ll$2,329.95 reel in. MSRP** $They’re2,599.95 the catch of the day. And that’s no fish story. YOUR PRICE! *** YOUR PRICE! *** YOUR PRICE! *** YOUR PRICE! *** $799.00 $999.00 $1,999.00 $2,299.00 Your Authorized Honda Power Equipment Dealer Honda of Tulsa Kinnunen Sales & Rentals Professional Power Equipment Smith Farm & Garden 4926D’s E. 21st Honda St Sales 707 E 6th St.
    [Show full text]
  • The Flint Water Crisis: a Case Study on Flint, Causes of the City’S Downfall, and the Need for New American Infrastructure
    The Flint Water Crisis: A Case Study on Flint, Causes of the City’s Downfall, and the Need for New American Infrastructure by Samir Qattea A thesis presented to the Honors College of Middle Tennessee State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for graduation from the University Honors College Fall 2019 To the people of the world, who changed my mind. To my friends, who filled my life. To my family, who provided everything along the way. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This thesis is primarily the result of the collective efforts Dr. Daniel Smith, who was my thesis advisor for the entirety of this research, and myself. For his generous guidance, critical scrutiny, and analytical advice, I must extend my most sincere gratitude to him. He has consistently provided me with the resources necessary to bolster the strength of the research herein, while simultaneously pointing out where improvements should be made. His contributions to this project have served as a cornerstone for refining many components of it. And for that, I am immensely grateful. Also, I would like to thank my family for providing me with the support and confidence to complete this project. I would not be the same person without all of you. Lastly, but certainly not least, I would like to thank the many fellow members of the Honors College, both staff members and students, for collaborating with me in reading and revising this project. The level of support allocated by this phenomenal collection of individuals has been unparalleled in my academic experience. Thank you all so much. ii ABSTRACT This research project is an investigation of the central causes that led to the condition of the city of Flint, Michigan, as of 2019.
    [Show full text]
  • Michigan Ground-Water Quality
    MICHIGAN GROUND-WATER QUALITY By D.H. Dumouchelle and T.R. Cummings, U.S. Geological Survey and G.R. Klepper, Michigan Department of Natural Resources U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 87-0732 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR DONALD PAUL MODEL, Secretary U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Dallas L. Peck, Director For additional information: For sale by: Chief Hydrologist U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Geological Survey Books and Open-File Reports Section 407 National Center Federal Center Reston, VA 22092 Box 25425 Denver, Colorado 80225 Use of trade names in this report is for descriptive purposes only and does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. Geological Survey FOREWORD This report contains summary information on ground-water quality in one of the 50 States, Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, or the Trust Territories of the Pacific Islands, Saipan, Guam, and American Samoa. The material is extracted from the manuscript of the 1986 National Water Summary, and with the exception of the illustrations, which will be reproduced in multi-color in the 1986 National Water Summary, the format and content of this report is identical to the State ground-water-quality descriptions to be published in the 1986 National Water Summary. Release of this information before formal publication in the 1986 National Water Summary permits the earliest access by the public. Contents Ground-Water Quality .................................................. 1 Water-Quality in Principal Aquifers ...................................... 1 Background Water Quality ......................................... 1 Effects of Land Use on Water Quality ................................ 2 Waste Disposal and Spills ...................................... 2 Agricultural Practices ......................................... 2 Salt Storage and Use .......................................... 3 Water Withdrawal ............................................ 3 Potential for Water-Quality Changes ...............................
    [Show full text]
  • Selected Geochemical Characteristics of Ground Water from the Saginaw Aquifer in the Central Lower Peninsula of Michigan
    Selected Geochemical Characteristics of Ground Water from the Saginaw Aquifer in the Central Lower Peninsula of Michigan By B.D. MEISSNER, D.T. LONG, and R.W. LEE U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Water-Resources Investigations Report 93-4220 Michigan Basin Regional Aquifer-System Analysis Lansing, Michigan 1996 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR BRUCE BABBITT, Secretary U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY GORDON P. EATON, Director For additional information write to: Copies of this report can be purchased from: U.S. Geological Survey Earth Science Information Center District Chief Open-File Reports Section U.S. Geological Survey Box25286, MS 517 6520 Mercantile Way, Suite 5 Denver Federal Center Lansing, Michigan 48911 Denver, Colorado 80225 II Selected Geochemlcal Characteristics of Ground Water from the Saginaw Aquifer in the Central Lower Peninsula of Michigan CONTENTS Abstract..................................................................................................................................................................... 1 Introduction............................................................................................................................................................... 1 Geohydrologic Framework ...................................................................................................................................... 4 Selected Geochemical Characteristics...................................................................................................................... 4 Stable Isotopes of Oxygen and Hydrogen......................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Alan D. Steinman Address
    ALAN D. STEINMAN ADDRESS: Annis Water Resources Institute Grand Valley State University 740 West Shoreline Drive Muskegon, MI 49441 Voice mail: (231) 728-3601 E-mail: [email protected] EDUCATION: Post-doc 1987-92 Oak Ridge National Laboratory Ecosystem Ecology Ph.D. 1987 Oregon State University Botany/Aquatic Ecology M.S. 1983 University of Rhode Island Botany B.S. 1979 University of Vermont (cum laude) Botany EMPLOYMENT HISTORY A. Allen and Helen Hunting Director and Professor of Water Resources, Annis Water Resources Institute, Grand Valley State University, Muskegon, MI: August, 2001-present. - Supervise 65-person Institute devoted to water resources research, geospatial information technology, and education/outreach - Teach graduate level courses - Principal investigator for research projects dealing with eutrophication, ecosystem restoration, primary productivity, and water resources policy - Community outreach and service B. Director, Lake Okeechobee Department, South Florida Water Management District (SFWMD), West Palm Beach, FL: September, 1999 – August, 2001. - Supervise 50-person program devoted to ecosystem-level research, modeling, regulation, and the planning, construction, and implementation of public works projects dealing with the restoration of Lake Okeechobee and its watersheds; manage and evaluate staff; develop and oversee a $20 million annual budget; provide technical guidance for the research program; manage external contracts; and conduct research on nutrient cycling and primary productivity - Adjunct Professor,
    [Show full text]
  • 2021 Fishing Guide
    2021 Michigan Fishing Guide Rules apply from April 1, 2021 - March 31, 2022 Get the digital guide at Michigan.gov/DNRDigests MICHIGAN FISHING LICENSE INFORMATION & REQUIREMENTS License Items & Fees Purchase your fshing license (and more) online at Michigan.gov/DNRLicenses. Item Type Fee DNR Sportcard $1 All -Species Fishing Licenses Resident Annual $26* Nonresident Annual $76* Senior Annual (Residents 65 or older or Residents who are legally blind – see p. 6) $11* Daily Fish (Resident or Nonresident) $10/day Angler can buy from 1 to 6 consecutive days Voluntary Youth (16 and under) $2* Combo Hunt/Fish Licenses (Base, Annual Fishing, 2 Deer) Hunt/Fish Resident $76* Hunt/Fish Senior Resident $43* Hunt/Fish Nonresident $266* Lost Licenses Lost your license? See the gray box below for instructions on getting a replacement. Fishing license fees are waived for Michigan residents who are veterans with 100% disability or active-duty military (see p. 6). All fshing licenses are good for all species allowed for harvest as indicated in this Fishing Guide. A $1 surcharge is included in the combo hunt and fsh licenses, resident annual, nonresident annual, and senior annual fshing licenses, as noted with the asterisk (*). Revenue generated from these funds will be used to educate the public on the benefts of hunting, fshing and trapping in Michigan, and the impact of these activities on the conservation, preservation and management of the state’s natural resources in accordance with statute. Learn more at Michigan.gov/DNR. Who needs a Michigan fshing license? Any adult actively assisting a minor must have A license is required when targeting fsh, a fshing license.
    [Show full text]